6 buneba

maswavleblis wigni

maia bliaZe
rusudan axvlediani
6 buneba
maswavleblis wigni

maia bliaZe rusudan axvlediani

buneba 6
maswavleblis wigni
Tbilisi, 2018

avtorebi: maia bliaZe, rusudan axvlediani

redaqtorebi: maka seskuria, elene beriaSvili

dizaineri ia maxaTaZe
ilustratori giorgi maRraZe
teqnikuri dizaineri TinaTin berberaSvili

© bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2018

yvela ufleba daculia

Sps `bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba~

misamarTi: daviT aRmaSeneblis 150, Tbilisi 0112
tel.: 291 09 54, 291 11 65
elfosta: info@sulakauri.ge

ISBN 978-9941-30-050-9

GEThe Natural Science 6

Teacher’s Book

© Sulakauri Publishing, 2018

all rights reserved.

Tbilisi, Georgia
www.sulakauri.ge
 Sinaarsi

1. koncefcia....................................................................................................................................5

2. wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi da maTi indikatorebi.................................................. 9

3. saxelmZRvanelos Sesatyvisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan ���������������������������������17

4. meToduri rekomendaciebi maswavleblebisTvis – bunebismetyvelebis

swavlebis meTodebi....................................................................................................................20

5. gakveTilis dagegmva...............................................................................................................45

6. gakveTilebis scenarebi........................................................................................................63

Tavi I. bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi........................................................................................65

Tavi II. nivTierebebis Tvisebebi .............................................................................................82

Tavi III. nivTiereba da narevi..................................................................................................101

Tavi IV. adamianis organizmi...................................................................................................108

Tavi V. siTbosa da sinaTlis ganawileba dedamiwaze...................................................... 118

Tavi VI. janmrTeloba...............................................................................................................127

Tavi VII. energia..........................................................................................................................142

Tavi VIII. xmeleTis reliefi....................................................................................................150

7. rekomendebuli Sefaseba bunebismetyvelebaSi ...........................................................156

8. Semajamebeli testebi..........................................................................................................174

9. Semajamebeli testebis pasuxebi......................................................................................187

10. damatebiTi masala maswavleblisaTvis.........................................................................200

1. koncefcia
VI klasis `bunebis~ saxelmZRvanelo dafuZnebu-
lia erovnul saswavlo gegmaze da I-V klasebis
„bunebis“ saxelmZRvaneloebis logikur gag­
rZelebas warmoadgens. saxelmZRvaneloSi
gaTva­liswinebulia da erTmaneTTan Ser­wymulia
erovnuli tradiciebi da uaxlesi samecniero
miRwevebi.
saxelmZRvaneloSi Tanabari zomiTaa warmod-
genili rogorc faqtobriv codnaze damyare-
buli teqstualuri nawili, aseve zogad da
specifikur unar-Cvevebze orientirebuli
meToduri aparati. savarjiSoebi metad mra-
valferovania da xels uwyobs moswavleebSi
iseTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, rogoricaa
dakvirveba, aRricxva, informaciis daxarisxeba,
klasifikacia, damuSaveba, analizi da gamoy-
eneba, gazomva, komunikacia, damoukidebeli
moswavlis wignis zeda
kuTxeSi mocemulia para-
grafis numeracia.
14
zogierTi nivTierebis
ubralo Sexebamac ki
SeiZleba damwvroba
gamoiwvios.
cxviris
Rru
cxvirxaxa
damwvrobisas sasunTqi gzebi, piri da saylapavi mili
Supdeba, rac sunTqvisa da kvebis gaZnelebas iwvevs.
daimaxsovre
ar SeiZleba ucxo
siTxeebis, fxvnilebis,
pastebis xelSi aReba,
maTi gemosa da sunis
gasinjva.
damwvrobis mizezi uy-
uradReboba da sxva-
dasxva nivTierebis
araswori moxmareba
xdeba.
66 • Tavi 2
moswavlis saxelmZRvanelos teqstur, sagakveTilo nawils erT-
vis mravalferovani ilustraciebi da kartografiuli masala
(fotosuraTebi, rukebi, cxrilebi, sqemebi, diagramebi da sxva),
romelTac aqvT mniSvnelovani datvirTva. maT umravlesobas ax-
lavs kiTxvebi da savarjiSoebi.
da jgufuri muSaoba da sxva. amrigad, sax-
elmZRvaneloSi ZiriTadi aqcenti gakeTebu-
lia rogorc sabazo codnis SeZenaze, aseve am
codniT sargeblobasa da gamoyenebaze.
VI klasis `bunebis~ saxelmZRvanelo moicavs
8 nawils da 45 gakveTils. erovnuli saswavlo
gegmis mixedviT VI klasSi `bunebas~ mTeli wlis
ganmavlobaSi kviraSi 3 saaTi eTmoba. maswavle-
blis saxelmZRvanelos Sinaarsidan gamomdin-
are, rCeba sarezervo dro, romelic sxvadasxva
aqtivobasa da damoukidebel samuSaoebs dae-
Tmoba. saxelmZRvanelos Sinaarsi Seesabameba
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul
misaRwev Sedegebsa da indikators.
VI klasis „buneba“ sami komponentisgan Sed­
geba: moswavlis wigni; maswavleblis wigni, ele-
qtronuli resursi.
gakveTilis ZiriTadi teqsti
saTauri
qimiuri damwvroba da
Tavi rom davicvaT sxvadasxva nivTierebis mavne
zemoqmedebisgan, unda vicodeT, ra Semadgenlobisaa daimaxsovre
esa Tu is nivTiereba da rogor movixmaroT isini
mowamvla usafrTxod.
zogi qimiuri nivTierebiT dazianebuli an dam-
Sxami iseTi qimiuri
nivTierebaa, romlis
wvari adgilis wyliT mobana ar SeiZleba, amitom mcire raodenobiT
dazianebis gamomwvevi nivTiereba frTxilad unda organizmSi moxvedra
damwvrobis mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes ara mxolod
gaaxvio da eqims aCveno. es aucilebelia mkurnalobis janmrTelobis dar-
cecxli, gavarvarebuli uTo an mduRare wyali, ara-
sworad warmarTvisTvis. dazianebuli adgili mSra- Rvevas an sikvdils
med zogierTi nivTiereba, romelic cxeli sulac ar
li saxveviT unda Seixvio da eqims mimarTo. iwvevs.
aris. nivTierebebTan Sexebisas an maTi SesunTqviT
miRebul damwvrobas qimiuri damwvroba hqvia. qimiur nivTierebebs, romlebic damwvrobis garda,
mowamvlasac iwvevs, Sxamqimikatebi hqvia. mowamvlis niSnebia:
gansakuTrebiT saSiSia, rodesac qimiuri nivTie-
moTenTiloba, Tavis
reba piridan saylapav milSi, Semdeg ki kuWSi xvdeba Sxamqimikatebs farTod iyeneben soflis meur-
tkivili, Tavbrudax-
da maT damwvrobas iwvevs. zogierTi nivTierebis neobaSi, sarevela balaxTan, mavnebel mwerebTan
veva, gonebis dakargva;
SesunTqvam SeiZleba aseve gamoiwvios cxviris Rrusa da mcenareTa daavadebebTan sabrZolvelad. yvela
da xaxis damwvroba. maTgans etiketze aweria gamoyenebis wesi. am wesis gulis aCqareba an
ugulebelyofa an gaufrTxilebloba moxmarebis piriqiT, Seneleba;
piris dros zogjer mowamvlas iwvevs.
Rru
Sxamqimikatis SesunTqva an saWmelTan erTad metyvelebis, smenis,
ena organizmSi moxvedra SeiZleba mowamvlis mizezi mxedvelobis gaua-
xaxa
xorxi xaxa saylapavi gaxdes. amas ki mohyves cxviris Rrus an saylapavi reseba, kanis feris
milis damwvroba, rac Zalian saSiSia janmrTelobisa Secvla;
mili
da sicocxlisTvis.
kuWi SxamqimikatebiT mowamvlisas saWiroa saswrafo Rebineba, muclis
samedicino daxmareba. tkivili, gugebis
sxvadasxva SxamiT mowamvlis mkurnaloba gansx- gafarToeba an Seviw-
vavebulia. Tumca pirveli, rac mowamvlis SemTx-
vevaSi unda gakeTdes, kuWis saswrafod amorecxvaa.
roeba.
TiToeul
sagakveTilo
qimiuri damwvroba Znelad ikurneba. kanze moxved-
risas sxvadasxva qimiuri nivTiereba yavisfer an
nacrisfer fufxs tovebs. piris an sasunTqi gzebis
TemaSi aris
damwvroba nazi kanis dazianebas da enis, saylapavis, savarjiSoebi
cxviris Rrusa da sxva organoebis SeSupebas iwvevs.
Tu gsurs, gaigo
savarjiSoebis
1 rogor moiqcevi imis gasagebad, ramdenad
usafrTxoa mRrRnelebis sawinaaRmdego
qimikatebi?
yvelaferi, rac pirveli
daxmarebis gawevaSi
dagexmareba, estumre
bloki (romelSic
vebgverds:
gaerTianebulia
http://www.sarbin.ru/
2 rogor unda moiqce, rom Tavidan aicilo ScoutSite/Site/2tourism/
qimiuri saSualebebiT mowamvla? tourism_first-aid1.htm
kanisa da enis
weriTi, kiTx-
Dqimiuri damwvroba
Tavi 2 • 67 viTi, praqti-
kuli savarji-
Soebi), romelTa
mniSvnelovani
nawili klasSi,
gakveTilze
sruldeba.
5
 gagacnobT moswavlis wignis agebulebas: informaciis moZiebis, damuSavebisa da gaana-
savarjiSoebis mniSvnelovani nawili klasSi lizebis kuTxiT; CamouyalibdeT varaudis
interesoa
sruldeba, gakveTilze, xolo nawili
ifiqre saSinao gamoTqmisa da warmosaxvis, agreTve damoukide-
gaixsene
WWF yovelwliurad martis bolo Sa-
davalebi ­ s ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
wis saaTs atarebs da mouwodebs yvela T visaa gankuTvnili. davalebebi da beli Tu jgufuri muSaobis unarebi. qvemoT war-
Sen ra wvlili 1. ra aris bunebrivi
praqtikuli samuSaoebi xels Seuwyobs moswav- resursebi?
da kompanias, organizacias, skolebs, SegiZlia Seitano mogidgenT im rubrikebs, romlebic moswavlis
dawesebulebas da a. S. erTi saaTiT garemos dacvis saqm-
leebs, ganaviTaron
naTle da sxva eleqtroxelsawyoebi. sakuTari
eSi? SesaZleblobebi 2. rogori resurse-
wignis Sesabamis gakveTilSi SegxvdebaT:
bi arsebobs?

ovre
praqtikuli rubrika `Caatare cda~, `dakvirveba~ gaTvlilia
ni-
c
aqtivobaze, romelic gulisxmobs moswavlis dak-
saWiro masala: Tasi, qviSa, kenWebi, plastilini.
msvleloba:
virvebis, eqsperimentisa da cdis Sedegad miRe-
s, qviSiTa da kenWebiT savse Tasi dadgi iatakze. gaakeTe plasti- buli monacemebis aRricxvasa da gaanalizebas.
moZ- linis sxvadasxva zomis burTulebi da Caagde TasSi morigeobiT.
ebas, gaiTvaliswineT, rom weriTi davalebebi saxelmZ-
Semdeg frTxilad amoiRe. Uupasuxe kiTxvebs:
anvi- a) ra gaCnda burTulas Camovardnis Sedegad?
RvaneloSi ar unda Seasrulon.
lis. b) ra movlenas SeiZleba Seadaro Sen mier Catarebuli cda?

irveba
es sainteresoa
ala: naTura, moneta.
es sainteresoa ifiqre gaixsene
a: 2007 wlidan WWF yovelwliurad martis bolo Sa-
ifiqre gaixsene
li Tvali, xolo meorebaTsTvalsa
dedamiwis
2007 saaTs
WWFatarebs
da naTuras
wlidan Soris da mouwodebs
dai-
yovelwliurad martisyvela
bolo Sa- Sen ra wvlili 1. ra aris bunebrivi
kerZo
ta. aRwere, ras amCnev? pirsa
baTs da kompanias,
dedamiwis saaTsorganizacias, skolebs,yvela
atarebs da mouwodebs SegiZlia Seitano resursebi?
Sen ra wvlili 1. ra aris bunebrivi
saxelmwifo dawesebulebas
kerZo pirsa da a.
da kompanias, S. erTi saaTiT
organizacias, skolebs, garemos dacvisSeitano
SegiZlia saqm-
resursebi?
es sainteresoa
2. rogori resurse-
gamorTon sinaTle
saxelmwifo da sxva eleqtroxelsawyoebi.
dawesebulebas da a. S. erTi saaTiT eSi? garemos dacvis saqm-
bi arsebobs?
2. rogori resurse-
gamorTon sinaTle da sxva eleqtroxelsawyoebi. eSi? 2007 wlidan WWF yovelwliurad martis bolo Sa-
bi arsebobs?
baTs dedamiwis saaTs atarebs da mouwodebs yvela
kerZo pirsa da kompanias, organizacias, skolebs,
rubrikiT `es sainteresoa~ moswavleebi aRniSnul
daimaxsovre rubrika `gaixsene~ xels uwyobs
saxelmwifo dawesebulebas da a. S. erTi saaTiT
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT
daimaxsovre informacias
praqtikuli cxovrebiseuli
gamorTon sinaTle da sxvaan
gamocdilebis ganv-
eleqtroxelsawyoebi.
astronomia mecni-
Seityoben. lili masalis aqtivacias.
erebaa, romelic mecni-
astronomia
praqtikuli
saWiro masala: Tasi, qviSa, kenWebi, plastilini.
ciurerebaa,
sxeulebs,
romelic msvleloba:
saWiro masala: Tasi, qviSa, kenWebi, plastilini.
maT mdeba
ciurreobas,
sxeulebs, qviSiTa da kenWebiT savse Tasi dadgi iatakze. gaakeTe plasti-
msvleloba: daimaxsovre
ganlagebasa
maT mdebadareobas,
moZ- linisqviSiTa
sxvadasxva zomis burTulebi
da kenWebiT da Caagde
savse Tasi dadgi TasSigaakeTe
iatakze. morigeobiT.
plasti-
oa raobas, agebulebas,
ganlagebasa da moZ- Semdeg frTxilad amoiRe. u
U pasuxe kiTxvebs: praqtikuli
Tvisebebsa daagebu
ganvi-
ifiqrelinis sxvadasxva zomis gaixsene
astronomia mecni-
burTulebi da Caagde TasSi morigeobiT.
iurad martis bolo raobas,
Sa- lebas, a) ra gaCnda
Semdeg burTulas
frTxilad Camovardnis
amoiRe. UupasuxeSedegad?
kiTxvebs: erebaa, romelic saWiro masala: Tasi, qviSa,
Tarebas
ebs da mouwodebs yvela Seiswavlis.
Tvisebebsa da ganvi- b) ra a)
movlenas SeiZleba
ra gaCnda Seadaro Sen mierSedegad?
Catarebuli cda? ciur sxeulebs,
Sen ra wvlili 1.burTulas Camovardnis
ra aris bunebrivi msvleloba:
organizacias, skolebs,Tarebas Seiswavlis.
SegiZlia Seitano b) ra movlenas SeiZleba Seadaro Sen mier Catarebuli cda? maT mdebareobas, qviSiTa da kenWebiT savse T
resursebi?
s da a. S. erTi saaTiT garemos dacvis saqm- ganlagebasa da moZ- linis sxvadasxva zomis bu
eSi? 2. rogori resurse-
eleqtroxelsawyoebi. raobas, agebulebas, Semdeg frTxilad amoiRe.
bi arsebobs? Tvisebebsa da ganvi- a) ra gaCnda burTulas C
Tarebas Seiswavlis. b) ra movlenas SeiZleba
dakvirveba
saWiro dakvirveba
masala: naTura, moneta.
rubrika `daimaxsovre~ moswavles daexmareba
rubrika `ifiqre~ moicavs SedarebiT rTul,
msvleloba: paragrafSi mocemuli an, zogadad, TemasTan
praqtikulisaazrovnosaWiro masala: naTura,
kiTxvebsa moneta.
da davalebebs, moiTxovs
dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi debulebis dam-
daxuWe cali Tvali, xolo meore Tvalsa da naTuras Soris dai-
msvleloba:
problemis gaanalizebas. fasdeba maRali quliT
saWiro masala: Tasi,
WireqviSa, kenWebi,
moneta.
daxuWe plastilini.
aRwere,
cali ras amCnev?
Tvali, xolo meore Tvalsa da naTuras Soris dai- axsovrebaSi.
msvleloba: da gankuTvnilia bunebis­metyvelebiT daintere-
Wire moneta. aRwere, ras amCnev? dakvirveba
sebul
qviSiTa da kenWebiT moswavleTaTvis.
savse Tasi dadgi iatakze. gaakeTe plasti- saWiro masala: naTura, moneta.
linis sxvadasxva zomis burTulebi da Caagde TasSi morigeobiT. msvleloba:
Semdeg frTxilad amoiRe. Uupasuxe kiTxvebs: daxuWe cali Tvali, xolo meore Tvalsa da naTuras S
a) ra gaCnda burTulas Camovardnis Sedegad? Wire moneta. aRwere, ras amCnev?
b) ra movlenas SeiZleba Seadaro Sen mier Catarebuli cda?
Tu gsurs, gaigo
yvelaferi, rac pirveli
daxmarebis gawevaSi
dagexmareba, estumre
vebgverds:
http://www.sarbin.ru/
ScoutSite/Site/2tourism/
tourism_first-aid1.htm
monitorze mocemulia TemasTan dakavSirebuli asakis
oneta. Sesaferisi vebgverdis misamarTi, romelic moswavles
saSualebas miscems, meti informacia miiRos an CaerTos
o meore Tvalsa da naTuras Soris dai- TemasTan dakavSirebul eleqtronul TamaSSi.
amCnev?

6
 saxelmZRvanelos bolos warmodgenilia sac-
nobaro masala `leqsikoni~, romelSic ganmarte-
bulia moswavleTaTvis ucnobi terminebi da
cnebebi. wignSi sacnobaro masalis arseboba
gamoumuSavebs moswavleebs leqsikonTan muSa­
obis unar-Cvevebs.
moswavlis wigns axlavs danarTebi, romelTa
gamoyenebis instruqcia da saWiroeba detalu-
radaa aRwerili maswavleblis wignSi mocemul
sagakveTilo scenarebSi.
`buneba 6~-is maswavleblis wigni pedago-
gebs gauadvilebs swavlebis aqtiuri meTodi-
kis gaTa­visebas, gakveTilebis dagegmvasa da
warmatebiT Catarebas, saswavlo wlis bolos
sagnobrivi standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegis
miRwevas, swavleba/swavlis procesis saintere-
sod da saxalisod warmarTvas.
maswavlebels vTavazobT saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemuli teqstebis damuSavebisa da kriti-
kulad gaazrebis ramdenime efeqtur meTods,
pedagogma TavisiT unda gadawyvitos, romeli
gakveTilis Catarebisas romeli meTodi iqneba
umjobesi. sasurvelia, meTodebi maswavlebelma
monacvleobiT gamoiyenos, raTa bavSvebisTvis
swavla mosabezrebeli ar gaxdes. bunebrivia,
pedagogs SeuZlia zogjer teqstis damuSavebis
tradiciuli xerxebic gamoiyenos, Semoqmedeb-
iTad gaamdidros isini. mTavaria, gvaxsovdes,
rom Cveni amocanaa, saswavlo masala ZiriTadad
sagakveTilo procesSi SevaswavloT moswav-
leebs; amasTanave, isic unda gvaxsovdes, rom
sabunebismetyvelo Sinaarsis teqsti mxatvruli
nawarmoebi ar aris da ar aris aucilebeli misi
Tavidan bolomde meqanikurad damaxsovreba
(rac Cveulebrivi movlena iyo tradiciuli
swavlebis dros).
rac Seexeba im gakveTilebs, romlebic moswav-
lis saxelmZRvanelos gamoyenebas ar iTval-
iswinebs, maTi Catarebis gamocdileba jerjero-
biT Zalian mwiria, amitom yvela aseTi gakveTili
(iqneba es cdebis Catareba, aqtiuri SemecnebiTi
TamaSebi, bunebriv sagnebze, movlenebze uSua-
lo dakvirveba Tu sxva) aseve detalurad aris
aRwerili; Tumca maswavleblebs araarsebiTi
cvlilebebis Setana am gakveTilebSic SeuZliaT,
gamomdinare maTi kompetenciidan da saswavlo
resursebidan.
maswavleblis wignSi mocemulia swori Tu
savaraudo pasuxebi im testebisa da davale-
bebisa, romlebic moswavlis saxelmZRvaneloSi
gvxvdeba. es ar niSnavs, rom Cveni erTaderTi
amocanaa moswavlis miyvana am swor pasuxamde.
ra Tqma unda, es sasurvelia, magram aranakleb
mniSvnelovania TviT am pasuxis Ziebis procesi
da gzebi, romlebic specifikuri unar-Cvevebis
(ix. sagnobrivi programaB bunebismetyvelebaSi)
ganviTarebas uwyobs xels.
interneti da eleqtronuli resursebi Ta­­­
namedrove maswavleblis erT-erT mniSv­ne­­lovan
atributad iqca da Sesabamisad, misi gamoye­
neba saswavlo procesSi aucilebelia, gansa-
kuTrebiT bunebismcodneobis gakveTilebze.
maTi gamoyenebiT maswavlebels SesaZlebloba
eZleva, gakveTili ufro saintereso da aqtua-
luri gaxados Sinaarsobrivad, ufro Taname-
drove – meTodurad da ufro qmediTi – Sedegis
TvalsazrisiT. eleqtronuli resursebi amaR-
lebs gakveTilis atraqciulobas, aZlierebs
moswavleTa dakvirvebis unars da motivacias.
eleqtronuli resursi aris damatebiTi
TvalsaCinoeba. maTi daxmarebiT saswavlo pro-
cesi ufro saintereso da saxalisoa, izrdeba
moswavleTa CarTuloba da motivacia.
warmodgenili eleqtronuli resursebi
momzadebuli da adaptirebulia saswavlo
masalasTan mimarTebaSi da inovaciuri gak­
veTilebis Catarebis karg SesaZleblobas
iZleva.
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli SekiTxvebi
umetesad maRali saazrovno donisaa, maTze
winaswar gansazRvruli swori pasuxebi ar arse-
bobs, maTi daniSnulebaa Rrma da kritikuli
azrovnebis unaris ganviTareba moswavleebSi.
kiTxvebs Soris zogjer gvxvdeba mexsierebaze
orientirebuli kiTxvebic. maTi pasuxebi advili
mosaZebnia Tavad teqstSi.
AaRsaniSnavia, rom bunebis­metyvelebis gak­
veTilebze kiTxvebs svamen rogorc maswavle-
blebi, ise moswavleebi.
metad mniSvnelovania moswavleTa codnis
Semowmebisa da Sefasebis sakiTxi. Cven mier Semo-
Tavazebuli rekomendaciebi emyareba Taname-
drove Teoriul gamokvlevebs am mimarTulebiT
da pirad praqtikul gamocdilebas. amitom Cveni
erT-erTi mTavari amocanaa, movamzadoT moswav-
le SemoqmedebiTi da kritikuli azrovnebisT-
vis, raTa man SeZlos informaciis mopoveba,
gaanalizeba, kritikuli gansja, Sefaseba da
7
gamoyeneba Tavisi amocanebis gansaxorciele-
blad.
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, Cven
vcdilobT bunebismetyvelebis saxelmZRvane­
loTi da SemoTavazebuli swavlebis meTodebiT
xeli SevuwyoT maswavlebels, warmatebiT miaR-
wios saxelmwifo standartiT gansazRvrul
saswavlo Sedegebs da TandaTAan daeuflos
bunebismetyvelebis swavlebis Tanamedrove,
progresul praqtikas. am praqtikis ZiriTadi
tendenciebi ki aseTia:
8
a) bunebismetyvelebis swavla sagnebsa Tu
movlenebze uSualo dakvirvebiT an martivi
cdebis saSualebiT;
b) saswavlo procesis maqsimalurad (SesaZle-
blobis farglebSi) gatana saklaso oTaxidan
gareT, bunebriv garemoSi;
g) sainformacio teqstebis siRrmiseuli
analizi da kritikuli azrovnebis unaris gan-
viTareba;
d) codnis ageba-konstruireba uSualo
manipulirebiTa da praqtikuli samuSaoebiT.
2.
wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi da maTi
indikatorebi

Sedegebis indeqsi standartis Sedegi

1. mimarTuleba: mecnieruli kvleva-Zieba

bun.dawy.(II).1. moswavlem unda SeZlos:
praqtikul aqtivobebSi monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis
demonstrireba.
1. mimarTuleba: cocxali samyaro
bun.dawy.(II).2. moswavlem unda SeZlos:
organizmebisaTvis zogierTi niSan-Tvisebis SeguebiTi
mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb msjeloba, tipobrivi ekosistemebis
daxasiaTeba da maTSi moqmedi martivi kvebiTi kavSirebis aRwera;
bunebaSi adamianis uxeSi CareviT gamowveuli uaryofiTi Sedegebis
Sefaseba da maTi Tavidan acilebis gzebis dasaxva;
adamianis zogierTi organos amocnoba da organizmis, rogorc erTi
mTlianis ganxilva;
janmrTelobaze moqmedi sxvadasxva mavne faqtoris Sesaxeb
msjeloba.
2. mimarTuleba: sxeulebi da movlenebi
bun.dawy.(II).3. moswavlem unda SeZlos:
sxeulis moZraobis daxasiaTeba traeqtoriisa da siCqaris mixedviT;
damuxtuli sxeulebis urTierTqmedebis aRwera da martivi eleq-
truli wredis awyoba;
energiis sxvadasxva saxesa da mis erTi saxidan meoreSi gadasvlaze
msjeloba;
nivTierebebisa da narevebis erTmaneTisgan garCeva maTi Tvisebebis
mixedviT da narevebis komponentebad dayofa.
3. mimarTuleba: dedamiwa da garesamyaro
bun.dawy.(II).4. moswavlem unda SeZlos:
mzis sistemis da zogierTi astronomiuli movlenis aRwera;
dedamiwaze sinaTlisa da siTbos ganawilebaze msjeloba;
dedamiwis struqturis ganmsazRvrel da dedamiwis reliefis cvli-
lebis gamomwvev mizezebze msjeloba;
bunebriv movlenebsa da katastrofebs Soris mizezSedegobriv
kavSirebze msjeloba.

mimarTuleba: mecnieruli kvleva-Zieba

bun.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi monawileoba da kvleviTi

unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

• svams Sesabamis kiTxvebs da iyenebs kvlevis sxvadasxva xerxs maTze pasuxis mis-
aRebad;
• saxavs gzebs da iyenebs sxvadasxva wyaros dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis mosaZebnad;
• iyenebs sabunebismetyvelo terminebs kiTxvebze pasuxebis Camosayalibeblad
sakuTari dakvirvebisa da mosazrebebis safuZvelze;
• atarebs kvleviT aqtivobas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;

9
 • awarmoebs gazomvebs sxvadasxva xelsawyos saSualebiT standartuli erTeulebis
gamoyenebiT;
• iyenebs sxvadasxva saSualebas kvlevis Sedegebis aRricxva-organizebisaTvis
(Canaweri, svetovani diagrama, cxrili, foto, video);
• aanalizebs Sedegebs da gamoaqvs daskvna;
• adarebs erTmaneTs sakuTari da TanaklaselTa dakvirvebis Sedegebs;
• warudgens miRebul Sedegebsa da daskvnebs Tanaklaselebs komunikaciis sxvadasxva
formiT (mag., zepiri metyvelebis, weriTi metyvelebis, ist-is saSualebiT).

mimarTuleba: cocxali samyaro

bun.VI.2. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis organizmis, rogorc erTi mTlianis gan­
xilva.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

• amoicnobs adamianis zogierT organos (mag., Zvali, kunTi, kuWi, filtvi, guli,
sisxlZarRvi) da aRwers maT daniSnulebas;
• adamianis sxeulis modelze gansazRvravs organoebis urTierTganlagebas;
• asaxelebs sxvadasxva organos SeTanxmebuli moqmedebis magaliTebs da msjelobs
organoTa SeTanxmebuli muSaobis mniSvnelobaze;
• ajgufebs sxvadasxva organos funqciis mixedviT (mag., kuWi, nawlavi – sakvebis
daSla da moneleba, guli da sisxlZarRvebi – organizmis momarageba sakvebi niv-
TierebebiT da JangbadiT, kunTebi da Zvlebi – sxeulis moZraoba da dacva).

Sinaarsi

adamianis sxeuli Sedgeba calkeuli organoebisagan. maTi SeTanxmebuli moqmedeba

uzrunvelyofs organizmis, rogorc erTiani sistemis, funqcionirebas (mag., sirbi-
lis dros guli da filtvebi kunTebis datvirTvasTan SeTanxmebulad moqmedeben).
Zvlebi da kunTebi emsaxurebian sxeulis moZraobas da qmnian sayrdens mTliani
organizmisaTvis. kuWisa da nawlavebis daniSnulebaa miRebuli sakvebis gadamuSaveba
da SeTviseba. filtvebis saSualebiT xorcieldeba CasunTquli haeridan Jangbadis
gadasvla sisxlSi. sisxli amaragebs organizms JangbadiTa da sakvebi nivTierebebiT.
sisxlis moZraobas sisxlZarRvebSi ganapirobebs guli.

sarekomendacio aqtivobebi

maswavlebeli:
• sTxovs moswavleebs, amoicnon calkeuli organo TvalsaCinoebaze (maketze/ilus-
traciebze);
• avalebs moswavleebs, ipovon Sesabamisoba organoebsa da maT funqciebs Soris,
aRweron calkeuli organos adgilmdebareoba da mniSvneloba organizmisaTvis;
• sTxovs moswavleebs, Seadaron esa Tu is organo yofa-cxovrebidan maTTvis nac-
nob xelovnur sistemebs (magaliTad: guli – Zrava, tumbo; Tirkmeli – filtri;
ConCxi – samSeneblo karkasi; sisxlZarRvebi – sarwyavi sistema, mdinareTa qseli
da sxv). daasabuTon Sedarebis marTebuloba;
• sTxovs moswavleebs, moisminon sakuTari guliscema (stetoskopis daxmarebiT) da

10
 pulsi, Semdeg daiTvalon TiToeuli maTgani erTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi da Seada-
ron erTmaneTs;
• sTxovs moswavleebs, moifiqron situaciuri magaliTebi, romlebSic CarTulia
orze meti organo;
• sTxovs moswavleebs, imsjelon, Tu ra rols asrulebs ama Tu im organos gamar-
Tuli muSaoba maTi janmrTelobis SenarCunebaSi.

bun.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze sxvadasxva faqtoris

gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

• asaxelebs daavadebis gamomwvevi mikroorganizmebisagan Tavdacvis elementarul

wesebs (mag., xelebis dabana da higienis sxva normebis dacva yoveldRiur cxovre-
baSi, acra);
• asaxelebs adamianis janmrTelobaze uaryofiTad moqmed faqtorebs (mag., momate-
buli radiacia, dabinZurebuli garemo, arajansaRi kveba, xmauri, nikotini, nar-
kotikebi);
• acnobierebs jansaRi kvebis mniSvnelobas da adgens sakuTar racionSi Sesatani
aucilebeli produqtebis sias (mag., bostneuli, marcvleuli, rZis produqtebi);
• saubrobs zogierTi sakvebi produqtis Senaxvis wesebze, kiTxulobs sakvebi
produqtis etikets da adgens mis vargisianobas;
• avlens pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis elementaruli wesebis flobas (mag.,
msubuqi Wrilobebis damuSaveba, dazianebuli kidurebis dafiqsireba, sisxldenis
SeCereba).

Sinaarsi

janmrTelobaze moqmedi mavne faqtorebia: arajansaRi kveba, nikotini, narkotikebi,

Zilis ukmarisoba, arasakmarisi fizikuri aqtivoba, agreTve, dabinZurebuli garemo,
daavadebis gamomwvevi mikroorganizmebi, momatebuli radiacia, xmauri da sxv. daa-
vadebis gamomwvevi mikroorganizmebisagan Tavdasacavad aucilebelia yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi higienis normebis dacva da saTanado acrebis Catareba. jansaRi kveba
gulisxmobs dabalansebul racions da vargisiani produqtebis gamoyenebas sakvebad.
travmuli dazianebebis dros pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis elementaruli wese-
bia: Wrilobis damuSaveba, dazianebuli kidurebis dafiqsireba, sisxldenis SeCereba.

sarekomendacio aqtivobebi

maswavlebeli:
• sTxovs moswavleebs, moiZion informacia adamianis mavne Cvevebis Sesaxeb da moamza-
don maT sawinaaRmdegod saagitacio masala (mag., plakatebi);
• sTxovs moswavleebs, Seadginon kvebis dabalansebuli racioni gansazRvruli
periodisaTvis (1 dRe/1 kvira) da daasabuTon misi TiToeuli komponentis mniS-
vneloba;
• sTavazobs moswavleebs simulaciur TamaSs „eqimi-pacienti“, romelSic „eqimi“
avlens pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis elementaruli wesebis flobas;
• sTxovs moswavleebs, simulaciuri TamaSis dros ganasaxieron gadamdebi daavade-
bebis Tavidan acilebis zomebi da imsjelon maTTvis da maTi TanatolebisTvis
prevenciis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb;

11
 • sTxovs moswavleebs, daasaxelon maTTvis cnobili zogierTi daavadeba (mag. gripi,
ybayura, wiTela) da maTi simptomebi (surdo, xveleba, gamonayari);
• sTavazobs moswavleebs simulaciur TamaSs, romlis drosac isini warmoadgenen
gadamdebi daavadebebis Tavidan acilebis zomebs;
• warmarTavs moswavleTa msjelobas mzis dakvris, sxeulis gadaxurebis an gada-
ciebis Tavidan acilebis gzebze.

mimarTuleba: sxeulebi da movlenebi

bun.VI.4. moswavlem unda SeZlos energiis sxvadasxva saxeze da maT urTierTgardaqm-

naze msjeloba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

• aRwers da ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisgan sxvadasxva saxis (mag. moZraobis, siTbur,

eleqtrul, sakvebisa da sawvavis) energias;
• magaliTebiT an martivi cdebiT aCvenebs, rom energia SeiZleba erTi sxeulidan
meores gadaeces;
• magaliTebiT an martivi cdebiT aCvenebs, rom energia SeiZleba erTi saxidan meo-
reSi gadavides (mag., moZraobis energia gadavides siTbur energiaSi, eleqtruli
energia – sinaTlis, siTbur an moZraobis energiebSi);
• ganasxvavebs energiis ganaxlebad da araganaxlebad wyaroebs da msjelobs ada-
mianisaTvis maT mniSvnelobaze.

Sinaarsi

sxeulis moZraoba, gaTboba, ganaTeba da a.S. ganpirobebulia sxvadasxva saxis energiis

arsebobiT. Sesabamisad ganasxvaveben moZraobis, siTbur, eleqtrul, sakvebisa da a.S.
energiebs. arsebobs energiis bunebrivi da xelovnuri, ganaxlebadi da araganaxlebadi
wyaroebi. energia SesaZlebelia erTi saxidan meoreSi gardaiqmnas an erTi sxeulidan
meore sxeuls gadaeces. energias da mis wyaroebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvT
Tanamedrove adamianis arsebobisaTvis (mag., gaTboba, ganaTeba, transporti, wyalmo-
marageba). Sesabamisad, araganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis dazogva, maTi jerovnad
gamoyeneba an/da Canacvleba ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebiT Tanamedroveobis erT-
erTi umniSvnelovanesi problemaa.

sarekomendacio aqtivobebi

maswavlebeli:
• sTxovs moswavleebs, Camoweron saxlSi arsebuli nivTebis sia, romelTa funq-
cionirebisaTvis energia aris saWiro da daasaxelon am energiis saxe (mag., siTburi,
eleqtruli);
• aCvenebs moswavleebs eleqtroenergiaze momuSave raime saTamaSos, saidanac mas
winaswar amoRebuli aqvs elementebi. Semdeg sTxovs maT, dafiqrdnen, Tu ra mizeziT
ar muSaobs saTamaSo. mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi Tavad an maswavleblis miniS-
nebiT mixvdebian, rom yvelaze martivi mizezi SeiZleba elementebis uqonloba
iyos, sTxovs maT, imsjelon, Tu ra saxis energiis wyaroa elementi da daasaxelon
sxva nivTebi, romelTa asamuSavebladac imave saxis energiaa saWiro;

12
• yofs klass ramdenime jgufad da usaxelebs TiToeuls energiis sxvadasxva formas.
sTxovs, moiyvanon energiis am saxis sxva saxeSi gardaqmnis magaliTebi. aqtivobis
bolos SemuSavdeba saerTo sqema, romelSic mocemuli iqneba energiis TiToeuli
saxis gardaqmnis magaliTebi;
• aCvenebs suraTebs an Camowers dafaze energiis sxvadasxva wyaros (mag., mze, bune-
brivi airi, qari, mdinare, navTobi, SeSa), sTxovs moswavleebs, daajgufon isini
ganaxlebad da araganaxlebad energiis wyaroebad da daasabuTon sakuTari mosaz-
reba.

bun.VI.5 moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis aRwera da maTi cvlile-

bebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

• asaxelebs yofa-cxovrebaSi gamoyenebuli nivTierebebis magaliTebs da msjelobs

maTi Tvisebebis Sesaxeb;
• akvirdeba da adarebs nivTierebebs Tvisebebis mixedviT (mag., suni, bzinvareba, wvis
unari, agregatuli mdgomareoba da sxv.), Sedegebs warmoadgens cxrilis saxiT.
aanalizebs da gamoyofs Tvisebebs, romlebic am nivTierebebis gamoyenebas gana-
pirobebs;
• axasiaTebs misTvis nacnob zogierT nivTierebas (mag., Jangbadi, wyali, naxSiror-
Jangi) da msjelobs maT mniSvnelobaze cocxali organizmebisTvis;
• ganasxvavebs nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis cvlilebebs (mag., formis, ferisa da agre-
gatuli mdgomareobis Secvla) da msjelobs am cvlilebebis gamomwvev mizezebze
(mag., gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba);
• usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT atarebs cdebs nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis cvlile-
bebis (mag., agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla, wva, formis, ferisa da sunis Secvla)
Sesaswavlad an asaxelebs magaliTebs yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan, Sedegebis ana-
lizis safuZvelze ganasxvavebs fizikur da qimiur cvlilebebs.
• moiZiebs saTanado informacias sxvadasxva nivTierebis miRebis an gadamuSavebis
Sesaxeb, msjelobs, ra gavlenas axdens es procesebi garemoze.

Sinaarsi

nivTierebebi xasiaTdebian sxvadasxva TvisebiT. zogierTi Tviseba SesaZlebelia

dainaxo, zogi – SeigrZno, zogi ki – gazomo. nivTierebebis Tvisebebi ganapirobebs
maT gamoyenebas. Tvisebebis cvlileba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes fizikuri da qimiuri
gardaqmnebiT. fizikuri gardaqmnebis dros SeiZleba Seicvalos nivTierebis forma
an mdgomareoba, nivTiereba ki igive rCeba (mag., dabrtyelebuli rkinis lursmani isev
rkinisgan Sedgeba, wyali yvela agregatul mdgomareobaSi wyalia). agregatuli mdgo-
mareobis cvlilebisas nivTiereba ucvlelia anu es cvlileba fizikur gardaqmnebs
miekuTvneba. qimiuri gardaqmnebis (mag., wvis) dros ki warmoiqmneba axali nivTiereba.
nivTierebebis Tvisebebi da maTi gardaqmnebi adamianma Tavis sasargeblod SeiZleba
gamoiyenos. Tumca, aman, zog SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba uaryofiTadac imoqmedos adamianis
janmrTelobasa da garemoze (mag., polieTilenis parkebis, konservantebis gamoy-
eneba da sxva). garemos dacvis kuTxiT mniSvnelovania sayofacxovrebo da sawarmoo
narCenebis xelaxali gadamuSaveba, rac aseve efuZneba nivTierebebis Tvisebebsa da
gardaqmnis unars.

13
 sarekomendacio aqtivobebi

maswavlebeli:
• urigebs moswavleebs sxvadasxva nivTierebisgan/masalisgan damzadebul sagnebs
(plastmasis Wiqa, aluminis WurWeli, keramikis tigeli) da sTxovs, ivaraudon,
romeli maTganis gamoyenebaa ufro gamarTlebuli spirtquris alze nivTierebis
gasacxeleblad? Semdeg TviTon atarebs cdas moswavleebis mier gamoTqmuli
varaudis Sesamowmeblad;
• urigebs moswavleebs yofaSi gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva nivTierebis (wyali, Zmari,
Saqris fxvnili, carci, romelime metali da sxv.) nimuSebs da sTxovs, aRweron
maTi fizikuri Tvisebebi (suni, feri, agregatuli mdgomareoba);
• wylis magaliTze aCvenebs moswavleebs nivTierebis gadasvlas erTi agregatu-
li mdgomareobidan meoreSi (aorTqleba da kondensacia, dnoba da aorTqleba,
dnoba da gamyareba). sTxovs, gaaanalizon, icvleba Tu ara am gardaqmnebis dros
nivTiereba. avalebs, Seadaron erTmaneTs es procesebi siTbos gacema-STanTqmis
TvalsazrisiT;
• aCvenebs moswavleebs suraTebs an videomasalas an iyenebs Sesabamis situaciur
amocanas da warmarTavs diskusias sayofacxovrebo narCenebisgan bunebis dacvis
saWiroebis Sesaxeb.

bun.VI.6 moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebisa da narevis erTmaneTisgan gansxvaveba,

narevis komponentebad dayofis meTodebis gamoyeneba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

• erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebs nivTierebas da narevs. CamoTvlis misTvis nacnobi

bunebrivi narevebis magaliTebs (mag., haeri, sasmeli wyali, zRvis wyali, miner-
aluri wyali, nebismieri kerZi da sxv.);
• amzadebs erTgvarovan da araerTgvarovan narevebs (mag., sufris marilis wyalx-
snari, carcis fxvnilisa da wylis narevi), adarebs maT da msjelobs maT Soris
msgavsebasa da gansxvavebaze;
• maswavleblis miTiTebiT gamoyofs narevidan mis romelime komponents Sesabamisi
fizikuri meTodis (mag., gafiltvra, dawdoma, amoSroba, gacra) gamoyenebiT;
• irCevs da usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT iyenebs Sesabamis meTodebs (mag., amoS-
roba, gacra, gamoxda, gafiltvra, dawdoma) narevis komponentebad dasayofad
cxovrebiseul situaciaSi;
• CamoTvlis narevebis gamoyenebis magaliTebs yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan.

Sinaarsi

nivTiereba da narevi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba. narevi Sedgeba ori an meti niv-

Tierebisgan, romlebic erTmaneTs nebismieri TanafardobiT ereva. arsebobs erT-
gvarovani da araerTgvarovani narevebi. narevis calkeul komponentebad dasayofad
gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva meTodi, rac narevis Sedgenilobazea damokidebuli. Sed-
geniloba ganapirobebs narevebis mravalferovan gamoyenebasac. narevebi farTod
gamoiyeneba rogorc mrewvelobaSi, ise adamianis yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi.

14
sarekomendacio aqtivobebi

maswavlebeli:
• urigebs moswavleTa jgufebs sxvadasxva nivTierebas/masalas (mag., wyali, qviSa,
marili, zeTi, Zmari, carcis fxvnili, naxerxi da sxv.) da avalebs, maTi gamoyenebiT
daamzadon erTgvarovani da araerTgvarovani narevebi;
• 4-5 moswavlisgan Semdgar jgufebs urigebs sxvadasxva narevis (mag., carciani wyali,
qviSisa da wvrili kenWebis narevi, naxerxisa da qviSis narevi, mariliani wyali,
mineraluri wyali, Cais nayeni, yava da sxv.) nimuSebs da avalebs, argumentirebu-
lad daajgufon isini erTgvarovan da araerTgvarovan narevebad;
• urigebs moswavleebs sxvadasxva narevs da avalebs, narevis komponentebad dayofis
maTTvis nacnobi xerxebidan SearCion da usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT gamoiyenon
erT-erTi. daasabuTon TavianTi arCevani;
• avalebs moswavleebs, SeimuSaon usafrTxoebis wesebi, romlebic aucileblad
unda daicvan sxvadasxva narevis komponentebad dayofis dros;
• yofs moswavleebs jgufebad da TiToeuls avalebs, usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT
dayon romelime narevi komponentebad.

mimarTuleba: dedamiwa da garesamyaro

bun.VI.7. moswavlem unda SeZlos dedamiwaze siTbosa da sinaTlis ganawilebis Ses-

axeb msjeloba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

• msjelobs dedamiwaze sezonebis monacvleobis savaraudo mizezebze;

• gegmavs da atarebs cdas (mag., globusiT da fanriT) dedamiwis zedapirze siTbosa
da sinaTlis araTanabari ganawilebis sademonstraciod;
• akavSirebs ZiriTadi klimaturi sartylebis arsebobas dedamiwaze siTbosa da
sinaTlis araTanabar ganawilebasTan;
• adarebs or klimatur sartyels ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.

Sinaarsi

dedamiwis brunvis RerZi daxrilia mzis irgvliv misi moZraobis sibrtyis mimarT.
RerZis daxrilobis gamo siTbo da sinaTle CrdiloeT da samxreT naxevarsferoe-
bSi araTanabrad nawildeba. amiT aris gamowveuli, erTi mxriv, sezonebis arseboba,
xolo meore mxriv, is, rom, roca CrdiloeT naxevarsferoSi zamTaria, samxreT nax-
evarsferoSi zafxulia. dedamiwaze siTbos ganawilebis mixedviT ganarCeven ZiriTad
klimatur sartylebs: ekvatoruli, tropikuli, zomieri da polaruli.

sarekomendacio aqtivobebi

maswavlebeli:
• moswavleebTan erTad atarebs cdas globusis/burTis da naTuris gamoyenebiT
dedamiwaze mzis sxivebis araTanabari ganawilebis sademonstraciod;
• sTxovs moswavleebs, moiZion informacia da gaakeTon civi da cxeli siTburi
sartylebis SedarebiTi analizi (SesaZlebelia venis diagramis formatSi);
• sTxovs moswavleebs, rukis daxmarebiT gansazRvron, romeli qveynebi miekuT-

15
 vnebian cxel da civ klimatur sartylebs. moiZion informacia am qveynebisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis (mag., sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebi, sportis
tipuri saxeobebi) Sesaxeb da daukavSiron bunebriv pirobebs.

bun.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos xmeleTis reliefis cvlilebaSi bunebrivi movle-

nebisa da adamianis saqmianobis rolze msjeloba.

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

• moswavle ikvlevs da aRwers nacnobi bunebrivi garemos reliefs. warmoadgens

vizualur masalas (mag., fotoebs) misi mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb;
• moipovebs informacias da aRwers misTvis nacnob garemoSi reliefis cvlilebis
magaliTebs;
• gamoTqvams varauds, Tu ra bunebrivi (mag., wvimebi, Rvarcofis movardna) an
xelovnuri (mag., sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianoba, gzebis gayvana) procesebis Sedegi
SeiZleba iyos dedamiwis zedapiris cvlilebebi;
• ganixilavs dedamiwis zedapirze mimdinare cvlilebebis (mag., erozia, abrazia)
mniSvnelobas cocxali samyarosaTvis.

Sinaarsi

xmeleTis reliefis formebia mTebi, qedi, vake, xevi, xeoba da sxva. isini warmoiqmneba
dedamiwis qerqze mimdinare procesebis zemoqmedebiT. reliefze moqmedi proce-
sebia qanebis gamofitva qarisa da wvimis moqmedebiT, miwiszeda wylebiT niadagis
gadarecxva an mdinaris mier kalapotis gaWra, zRvis napiris gamorecxva. xmeleTis
reliefis cvlilebis faqtoria adamianis saqmianobac, maT Soris, sasoflo-sameurneo,
gzebis da sxva komunikaciebis gayvana. reliefis formis cvlileba mudmivi procesia.

sarekomendacio aqtivobebi

maswavlebeli:
• atarebinebs moswavleebs cdas wylis nakadiT qviSis zedapiris cvlilebis saCvene-
blad. cvlis wylis nakadis simZlavres/wylis Wavlis wnevas;
• adarebinebs moswavleebs erTi da imave adgilis sxvadasxva dros gadaRebul
fotoebs da sTxovs, ipovon gansxvaveba;
• aCvenebs moswavleebs adamianis saqmianobis (mag., wiaRiseulis mopoveba, niadagis
terasebad damuSaveba, qarsacavi zolebisa da sarwyavi sistemis Seqmna, samSene-
blo samuSaoebi) Sedegebis amsaxvel ilustraciebs/fotoebs, sTxovs, imsjelon
dedamiwis reliefze maTi gavlenisa da adamianisa da garemosTvis maTi dadebiTi/
uaryofiTi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb;
• sTxovs moswavleebs, gamoTqvan varaudi sxvadasxva bunebrivi movlenis (mag., miwisZ-
vra, mewyeri, qariSxali, wyaldidoba, gvalva, vulkani, moqcevis talRa, xanZari)
gamomwvevi mizezebis, agreTve, axlo da Soreuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb;
• sTxovs moswavleebs, moiZion informacia lokalur garemoSi momxdari reliefis
cvlilebebis Sesaxeb (mag., mdinaris mier kalapotis Secvla, sanapiro zolis siganis
cvlileba, tyis gaSeneba), ganasxvavon maTSi bunebrivi movlenebiT da adamianis
saqmianobiT gamowveuli cvlilebebi.

16
17
rebebi
2. gazomva

5. modelebi
1. dakvirveba

bis cvlileba
jgufuri samuSao

Tema II: dakvirveba

3. cda da eqsperimenti

7. nivTierebis Tvisebebi
4. informaciis damuSaveba

8. agregatuli mdgomareoba
6. nivTierebebi Cven irgvliv
Tema I: bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

10. fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebi

proeqti – namarxis rekonstruqcia –
gakveTilebisa da Temebis dasaxeleba

9. nivTierebis agregatuli mdgomareo-

11. organizmisTvis aucilebeli nivTie-

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
saswavlo
drois xan-
grZlivoba

1. moswavlem unda SeZlos

praqtikul aqtivobebSi monawi-
leoba da kvleviTi unar-Cveve-
Zieba
mecni­
eruli
kvleva-

bis demonstrireba.
2. moswavlem unda SeZlos
adamianis organizmis, rogorc
erTi mTlianis ganxilva.
3. moswavlem unda SeZlos
adamianis janmrTelobaze
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis
cocxali samyaro

SeEsaxeb msjeloba.
4. moswavlem unda SeZlos
energiis sxvadasxva saxeze
da maT urTierTgardaqmnaze
msjeloba.
5. moswavlem unda SeZlos ni-
vTierebaTa Tvisebebis aRwera
da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb
msjeloba.
6. moswavlem unda SeZlos ni-
vTierebisa da narevis erTmane-
Tisgan gansxvaveba, narevis kom-
sxeulebi da movlenebi

ponentebad dayofis meTodebis

gamoyeneba.
standartis mimarTulebebi da Sedegebi

7. moswavlem unda SeZlos de-

damiwaze siTbosa da sinaTlis
Sesaxeb msjeloba.
8. moswavlem unda SeZlos
xmeleTis reliefis cvlile-
baSi bunebrivi movlenebisa da
dedamiwa da
garesamyaro

adamianis saqmianobis rolze

msjeloba.
erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan
saxelmZRvanelos Sesatyvisoba
3.
18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

12. saSiSi nivTierebebi 1

13. nivTierebebi, adamiani da garemo 1

14. qimiuri damwvroba da mowamvla 1

Caatare kvleva – moqmedebs Tu ara sayo-

facxovrebo narCenebi garemos 1
mdgomareobasa da adamianis janmrTelobaze
Tema III: nivTiereba da narevi

15. sufTa nivTiereba da narevi 1

16. rogori narevebi arsebobs? 1

17. narevebis dayofa 1

Caatare kvleva – rogor gamovyoT nivTiereba

1
narevidan?
Tema IV: adamianis organizmi

18. adamianis sxeulis nawilebi 1

19. ConCxi da kunTebi 1

20. pirveli daxmareba travmebis dros 1

21. ra amoZravebs sisxls 1

22. sunTqva 1

23. sunTqvis sixSire 1

24. Tambaqos mavne zemoqmedeba 1

25. saWmlis moneleba 1

26. jansaRi kveba 1

praqtikuli – jansaRi kvebis dRiuri dietis

1
Sedgena
Tema V: siTbosa da sinaTlis ganawileba dedamiwaze

27. dedamiwis moZraoba mzis garSemo 1

28. siTburi sartylebi 1

29. dedamiwis klimaturi sartylebi 1

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

praqtikuli – dedamiwis moZraoba da siTburi

1
sartylebi
Tema VI: janmrTeloba

30. ra aris janmrTeloba? 1

31. mikrobebi 1

32. baqteriuli daavadebebi 1

33. sakvebis Senaxva 1

34. sisxldenebi 1

35. alkoholi da narkotikebi 1

36. ra aris radiacia 1

37. janmrTeloba da garemo 1

praqtikuli – sisxldenasTan gamklaveba 1

Tema VII: energia

38. ra aris energia? 1

39. energiis formebi 1

40. energiis gardaqmna 1

41. energiis wyaroebi 1

42. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebi 1

43. Cven da energia 1

proeqti – rogor davzogoT energia? 1

Tema VIII: xmeleTis reliefi

44. garemos cvlileba 1

45. mTebi da vakeebi 1

46. gamofitva 1

47. dedamiwis zedapiris Secvla 1

Caatare kvleva – rogor icvleba garemo? 1

19
 4. meToduri rekomendaciebi maswavleblebisTvis –
bunebismetyvelebis swavlebis meTodebi

mtkicebas ar saWiroebs, rom sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi mxolod aRwerilobiTi

xasiaTis ar aris da arsebuli faqtobrivi codna movlenebis mravalwliani kvlevis
Sedegadaa mopovebuli. amitom, Tu gvinda, rom moswavle bunebismetyvelebiT dain-
teresdes, sasurvelia, igi aqtiurad CavrToT Sesaswavli sakiTxis kvleva-ZiebaSi da
ar SevizRudoT mxolod mSrali faqtobrivi codnis da mza masalis miwodebiT. unda
vecadoT, bavSvis cnobismoyvareoba dakmayofildes informaciis moZiebis, TvalsaC-
inoebebze muSaobisa da interaqtiuri swavlebis gziT. mas adreuli asakidanve unda
Camouyalibdes is specifikuri unar-Cvevebi, romlebic garemos kvlevas ukavSirdeba,
kerZod: garemoze dakvirveba; bunebrivi movlenebis amocnoba da martivi procesebis
aRwera; monacemebis Segroveba dakvirvebiT, martivi cdiTa da eqsperimentiT, sainfor-
macio wyaroebidan; obieqtebis klasifikacia maTi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT; raode-
nobrivi monacemebis aRricxva, maTi organizeba da sxvadasxva saSualebiT warmodgena;
garemoze zrunva da usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva.
garemos Secnobis meTodebis dasaufleblad saWiroa, mozardebi praqtikulad gaecnon
martivi xelsawyoebis gamoyenebas, gazomva-gamoTvliT operaciebs, iswavlon adgilze
orientireba, gegmebisa da rukebis gamoyeneba da a.S. amiT maT uRrmavdebaT samyaros
kvlevisadmi interesi, iqmneba safuZveli, rom ubralod ki ar aRiqvan movlenebi, rom-
lebsac yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi xedaven, aramed movlenebs Soris mizezSedegobrivi
kavSirebis Zieba daiwyon.
Tanamedrove msoflio saganmanaTleblo politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebaa moswav-
leze orientirebuli ganaTleba. Sesabamisad, sasurvelia, rom swavlebis meTodikac
moswavleze orientirebuli, anu interaqtiuri iyos. swavlebis tradiciuli meTodebi
saswavlo procesis centralur figurad maswavlebels gulisxmobs; maswavlebeli iyo
codnis ZiriTadi wyaro, is iZleoda informacias, svamda kiTxvebs, wyvetda proble-
mebs, gamohqonda daskvnebi da yvelafers mza saxiT awvdida moswavleebs. interaqtiuri
meTodika ki orientirebulia moswavleze, romelic saswavlo procesis centraluri
figuraa da aqtiurad monawileobs yvela saswavlo moqmedebaSi – moipovebs da iyenebs
misTvis axal codnas. moswavleze orientirebuli meTodika emsaxureba bavSvis Sinagani
Zalebisa da SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad gamovlinebas.
gakveTilebis warmatebiT warmarTvisaTvis aucilebelia, klasSi Seiqmnas gulRia,
Tavisufali garemo, TanamSromlobisa da kolegialobis atmosfero, romelSic yvela
azri saintereso, misaRebi da mniSvnelovania, roca erTmaneTisgan vswavlobT da mTa-
vari mizani monawileoba da TanamSromlobaa.
gakveTili unda iyos:
* aqtiuri – rac gulisxmobs TiToeuli monawilis maqsimalur gaaqtiurebas.
* interaqtiuri – romelic Semoqmedad aqcevs ara marto moswavles, aramed maswav-
lebelsac. aseve, ar gamoricxavs tradiciul, leqciur CarTvebsac.

individualuri samuSao
individualuri samuSao xSirad aris sxva aqtivobis fragmenti. is garkveuli pasux-
ismgeblobiT tvirTavs moswavles, warmoaCens mis pirad damokidebulebas ama Tu im
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, xels uwyobs sakuTari azris gamoTqmas, Camoyalibebas, argu-
mentirebul dasabuTebas, kritikul azrovnebas, drois racionalur gamoyenebas.

20
wyvilebi da jgufebi
wyvilebad da jgufebad muSaoba xels uwyobs TanamSromlobis Cvevis gamomuSavebas. am
savarjiSoebis Sesrulebisas moswavleebi swavloben erTmaneTis mosmenas, sxvisi azris
gaziarebas, kritikul azrovnebasa da Sefasebas, sakuTari azris gamoTqmas, dasabuTebas
da a.S. isini eCvevian funqciebis danawilebas, drois racionalur gamoyenebas.
gTavazobT wyvilebad muSaobis wesebs:
1. maswavlebeli klass yofs wyvilebad;
2. klass eZleva saerTo davaleba;
3. moswavleebi samuSaos asruleben wyvilebad;
4. samuSaos dro gansazRvrulia (samuSaos sirTulis mixedviT);
5. maswavlebeli TviTon anawilebs moswavleebis funqciebs.
wyvilebad muSaobis dros bavSvebs moeTxovebaT yuradRebis koncentracia. isini
pasuxismgeblobas grZnoben TavianTi mewyvilis mimarT.
wyvilebSi gamomuSavebuli TanamSromlobis Cveva kidev ufro mtkicdeba jgufuri
samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas.
gTavazobT wesebs jgufuri muSaobisaTvis:
1. klasi iyofa 4-5 kacian jgufad.
2. klass eZleva saerTo davaleba. SesaZloa, maswavlebelma TiToeul jgufs gansx-
vavebuli davalebac misces.
3. jgufi muSaobs erTi magidis garSemo.
4. samuSao sruldeba erToblivad da jgufi Sesrulebul samuSaos aZlevs erTian for-
mas.
5. jgufi unda muSaobdes SeTanxmebulad, ar unda moxdes konfliqti, ar unda iTrgune-
bodes arcerTi moswavle.
6. jgufi, romlis wevrebic SeTanxmebulad ver moqmedeben, muSaobas wyvets.
7. jgufis yoveli wevri unda CaerTos saqmianobaSi da maT Tavad unda gadainawilon
funqciebi.
8. davaleba sruldeba maswavleblis mier winaswar gansazRvrul droSi (10-15 wT).
TiToeul jgufSi erTi magidis garSemo Tavs iyris sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da tempera-
mentis moswavle: aqtiurebi, pasiurebi, liderebi. xSirad jgufebSi swored amitom war-
moiSoba konfliqti. maswavlebeli sTavazobs gunds konfliqtis mSvidobian mogvarebas.
Tu amas gundi ver miaRwevs, e.i. ver ipovis gamosavals, is samuSao procesidan vardeba.
jgufis SerCeva sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba: jgufi SeiZleba SeirCes ise, rom TiToeul
maTganSi Tanabari SesaZleblobebis bavSvebi gaerTiandnen, SeiZleba cal-calke Sedges
biWebisa da gogonebis gundebi, SeiZleba jgufebis organizeba bavSvebis megobruli
damokidebulebis gaTvaliswinebiT. SesaZlebelia SemTxveviTobis principiT SerCe-
vac, raTa moswavleebi mieCvion nebismier partniorTan urTierTobas. jgufebad unda
gaiyon operatiulad (2-3 wT).
SesaZloa maswavlebelma Tavad daadginos jgufis muSaobis wesebi (mag., lideris
arCeva), magram umjobesia, muSaobis sistemis Seqmna mTlianad mivandoT bavSvebs (ra
Tqma unda, maswavleblis rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT). kargia, Tu jgufi Tvi-
Ton airCevs, vin waradgens klasis winaSe mis namuSevars. maswavlebeli Tvals adevnebs
moswavleebis muSaobas, Tumca es ise xdeba, rom bavSvebs ar SeeqmnaT STabeWdileba,
TiTqos maswavlebeli maT Tavze adgaT. maswavlebeli ar unda Caerios muSaobaSi, garda
im SemTxveve­bisa, Tu jgufi misgan moiTxovs raime ganmartebas, an Seatyobs, rom jgufma
arasworad gaigo piroba da maTi muSaoba CixSi Sevida.
aqtiuri meTodebiTa da jgufuri TamaSebiT muSaobisas maswavlebeli SedarebiT pasi-
uri xdeba. igi gezis mimcemisa da meTvalyuris rols asrulebs da bolomde neitralur
wamyvanad rCeba.

21
 samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg jgufebi warmoadgenen sakuTar namuSevrebs. prezen-
taciis dros maswavlebeli kiTxvebs ar usvams da ar awyvetinebs azrs momxsenebels.
bolos namuSevrebi SeiZleba gamoikras kedelze an dafaze, maswavlebels namuSevrebis
Sefasebis forma winaswar unda hqondes gansazRvruli. sasurvelia, bavSvebma Tavad
Seafason sxva jgufis namuSevrebi. prezentaciis msvlelobisas yoveli jgufis mier
warmodgenili namuSevari ikvreba dafaze da miewereba jgufis nomeri. sasurvelia,
moswavleebma Tavad Seafason erTmaneTis namuSevari: TiToeuli moswavle asaxelebs,
misi azriT, saukeTeso jgufur namuSevars (garda sakuTarisa) da asabuTebs, ra kri-
teriumebiT (Camoyalibebuli azri, originaluri gadawyveta, mxatvruli gaformeba,
STambeWdavi prezentacia da a.S.) ixelmZRvanela Sefasebisas. yoveli gamomsvlelis
azrs maswavlebeli dafaze afiqsirebs – wers `pluss~ an qulas (10 quliani sistema)
saTanado namuSevris qveS. qulebis (plusebis) raodenoba gamoavlens gamarjvebuls,
Tumca maswavlebelma aucileblad unda gamoyos TiToeuli jgufis Zlieri da susti
mxareebi. Sefasebas SesaZloa win uZRodes mcire diskusia, romlis drosac maswavleb-
elsa da bavSvebs SesaZlebloba eZlevaT, SekiTxvebi dausvan TiToeuli jgufis wevrebs.
maswavlebelma winaswar unda gansazRvros, ra dro daeTmoba davalebis Sesrulebas,
prezentaciebsa da namuSevrebis Sefasebas.
gavecnoT im meTodebs, romlebic specifikuria bunebismetyvelebis swavlebaSi, xels
uwyoben am sagnisadmi mozardis interesis gaRvivebas da sagnis efeqturad swavlebaSi
gvexmarebian.

cda da eqsperimenti

meTodis aRwera:

cdebs, eqsperimentebsa da sxva saxis praqtikul samuSaoebs gansakuTrebiT didi mniS-

vneloba aqvT bunebis obieqtebis Tvisebebisa da bunebis movlenaTa arsis gacnobisas.
cdebi da eqsperimentebi saSualebas iZleva saklaso oTaxis pirobebSi xelovnurad
warmovadginoT zogierTi bunebrivi movlena, SevamowmoT moswavleTa mier gamoTqmuli
varaudi, hipoTeza. moswavleTa mier Catarebuli cdebi da eqsperimentebi maT daex-
mareba, momavalSi praqtikul saqmianobaSi gamoiyenon miRebuli codna.
cdebi da eqsperimentebi xels uwyobs cocxali da aracocxali bunebis obieqtebisa
da movlenebis Sesaxeb moswavleTa uSualo monawileobiT da sakuTari gamocdilebis
safuZvelze swori warmodgenebis Seqmnas.
cdebisa da eqsperimentebis meTodebis gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT aucilebelia iseTi
sakiTxebis Seswavlisas, rogoricaa mag., sxvadasxva masalis, nivTierebisa Tu sxeulis,
sasargeblo wiaRiseulis Tvisebebi, gafiltvris gziT wylis gawmendis movlena, niada-
gis Sedgeniloba da Tvisebebi da a.S.

aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebis mizania, moswavles ganuviTaros iseTi unar-Cvevebi,

rogoricaa:

bunebis obieqtebisa da movlenaTa Sesaxeb realuri cnebebis Camoyalibeba; informa-

ciis Segrovebis, ganzogadebis, Sedarebis, analizisa da daskvnebis gakeTebis unaris
Camoyalibeba-ganviTareba; yuradRebis koncentracia, interesi, pasuxismgebloba, maZi­
ebloba, damoukidebloba, aRmoCenis survili.
meTodi saSualebas iZleva, daiZlios is sirTuleebi, romlebic Teoriuli codnis
aTvisebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, dazustdes da ganivrcos moswavlis ukve arsebuli codna.
meTodis gamoyeneba:

22
cda da eqsperimenti tardeba demonstraciulad an frontalurad. sademonstracio
cdebs/eqsperiments maswavlebeli TviTonve atarebs, Tu maT Casatareblad saWiroa
cecxli an iseTi masalebi, romlebic bavSvebisaTvis rTuli da saxifaTo gamosayene-
belia (mag., cecxli).A am dros saWiro mowyobilobebi lagdeba magidaze, specialur
sadgamze, ise rom TiToeuli moswavle xedavdes cdis/eqsperimentis mimdinareobas.
sademonstracio cdis/eqsperimentis dros maswavlebeli aCvenebs moswavleebs labo-
ratoriul mowyobilobas (xelsawyo, aparati, masala da sxv.), atarebs cdas an eqsperi-
ments da exmareba maT movlenis axsnaSi.
frontaluri cdis/eqsperimentis Catarebis dros moswavleTa mcirericxovan jgufebs
urigdebaT saWiro mowyobilobebi da masalebi. maswavlebeli acnobs maT samuSao instruq-
cias (mag., uTiTebs wignSi gverds, romelzec aRwerilia cda/eqsperimenti, dafaze
winaswar wers an akravs ukve SemuSavebul miTiTebebs) da arkvevs, ramdenad gasagebia
is maTTvis. instruqtaJis gacnobis Semdeg moswavleebi maswavleblis meTvalyureobis
qveS atareben cdas an eqsperimets. maTi msvlelobisas isini iniSnaven Sedegebs, xolo
damTavrebisas aanalizeben miRebul Sedegebs da akeTeben Sesabamis daskvnebs.

moqmedebis gegma:

1. problemis/sakvlevi obieqtis gansazRvra;

2. varaudis (hipoTezis) gamoTqma;
3. cdis/eqsperimentis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebisa da mowyobilobebis momza-
deba;
4. samuSao instruqciis micema;
5. samuSao procedura da mis msvlelobaze Tvalyuris devneba;
6. monacemTa aRricxva/CaniSvna;
7. monacemTa analizi da interpretacia;
8. varaudis Semowmeba da daskvnebis gamotana;
9. praqtikuli gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebis gansazRvra.

meTodis gamoyenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia:

samuSaos swori organizacia: cdisa da eqsperimentis mzadebis periodSi maswavlebeli
amowmebs saWiro mowyobilobaTa aRWurvilobas, arCevs saWiro masalas. gakveTilis daw-
yebamde mas Tavad unda hqondes Catarebuli msgavsi cda an eqsperimenti. aA seve aucile-
belia saswavlo garemos Sesabamisad mowyoba (mag., merxebis ganlageba), usafrTxoebis
wesebis guldasmiT gacnoba da dacva.

dakvirveba

meTodis aRwera:

dakvirveba bunebismetyvelebis Seswavlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi meTodia da gansakuTrebiT

didi mniSvneloba da datvirTva aqvs dawyebiT klasebSi, radgan swored am asakis moswav-
leebs, bunebaze uSualo dakvirvebisa da Seswavlis Sedegad, uyalibdebaT garemomcvel
samyaroze bevri konkretuli warmodgena. dakvirvebaSi igulisxmeba swori warmod-
genebis, cnebebis, unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebis mizniT, moswavleTa mier cocxali da
aracocxali bunebis obieqtebisa da movlenebis uSualo aRqma.
dakvirvebaTa organizaciis ZiriTadi moTxovnaa kargad mofiqrebuli da gaazrebuli
programa, romelSic aisaxeba ara marto Sinaarsi, dakvirvebaTa Tanamimdevroba, maTi
Catarebis xerxebi, aramed naCvenebi iqneba Sedegebis praqtikuli gamoyenebis gzebic.
aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebis mizania, moswavles ganuviTaros iseTi unar-Cvevebi,

23
 rogoricaa:

damkvirvebloba, mexsiereba, yuradReba, pasuxismgebloba, interesi da cnobismoyva-

reoba, maZiebloba, iniciativa da damoukidebloba;
garemomcveli sinamdvilis Sesaxeb realuri da konkretuli warmodgenebis da cne-
bebis Camoyalibeba;
bunebis movlenebis mudmivi cvla-ganviTarebis, maTi urTierTkavSirisa da bunebaSi
mimdinare yvela procesis kanonzomierebis dadgena; logikuri azrovneba; Sesabamisi
terminologiiT zepiri da weriTi metyveleba; ekologiuri cnobiereba.

meTodis gamoyeneba:

dawyebiT klasebSi sxvadasxva dakvirvebis Catareba SeiZleba; mag., amindze, mcenareebis

sezonur cvalebadobaze, cxovelTa cxovrebis nirze, horizontze mzis simaRlis cvli-
lebaze da amis Sesabamisad dRis xangrZlivobaze, RamiT varskvlavian caze, sxvadasxva
sxeulis moZraobaze da a.S.
meTodis gamoyenebisas davalebebi TandaTan unda rTuldebodes. dakvirvebis unaris
Camoyalibebis ramdenime etapi gamoiyofa:
1. dakvirveba uSualod maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT. gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad I klasSi,
roca moswavleebs jer kidev ar gaaCniaT garemomcvel bunebaze dakvirvebis Cvevebi
da masSi momxdari ama Tu im cvlilebis fiqsirebis unari.
2. moklevadiani sistematuri dakvirvebebi. mas moswavleebi atareben maswavleblis
davalebiT. mag., akvirdebian nayofis momwifebas, foTlebis Seferilobis cvlas
da sxv.
3. xangrZlivi damoukidebeli dakvirvebebi. mag., Teslis gaRiveba, frinvelebze dak-
virveba da sxv.
4. kvleviT samuSaoebTan dakavSirebuli dakvirvebebi.

moqmedebis gegma:

1. dakvirvebis obieqtis arCeva maswavleblis an moswavlis mier.

2. moswavleTa momzadeba dakvirvebisaTvis: usafrTxoebis wesebisa da muSaobis pro-
cesis wesebis gacnoba;
3. dakvirvebis miznis mkafiod gansazRvra;
4. davalebebis Sedgena da moswavleTa Soris misi ganawileba;
5. dakvirvebisaTvis saWiro mowyobilobebis damzadeba, resursebisa da xelsawyoebis
momzadeba;
6. dakvirvebis Sedegebis Cawera;
7. dakvirvebaTa Sedegebis damuSaveba da winaswari daskvnebis gamotana;
8. martivi mizezebis, Sedegebis, kavSirebis dadgena;
9. dakvirvebaTa Sedegebis gamoyeneba saswavlo da praqtikul saqmianobaSi.

meTodis gamoyenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia:

samuSaos swori organizacia da usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva. movlenebis arasworad

interpretaciisa da subieqturobis albaToba.

24
magaliTi:

I. frinvelebze dakvirveba

resursebi:
arCeviTi: frinvelTa identifikaciis wigni, binokulari;
savaldebulo: marcvlebi, Zafi, dakvirvebis dRiuri (samuSao rveuli), improvizebuli
sakvebi WurWeli frinvelebisTvis.

moqmedebis gegma aqtivobebi):

1. dakvirvebis obieqti: frinvelebi;

2. moswavleTa momzadeba: frinvelebis sakvebiT savse WurWeli unda daidos advilad
SesamCnev adgilas. saukeTeso mdebareoba iqneba fanjris rafa. gaxsovdeT, rom sakvebi
WurWeli maSinve unda SeavsoT, rogorc ki daicleba.
3. dakvirvebis mizani: im frinvelebze dakvirveba, romlebic isargebleben am sakvebiT.
4. davalebebis Sedgena: rogor iqcevian frinvelebi sakveb WurWelTan? icvleba Tu
ara frinvelTa raodenoba dReebisa da sezonebis mixedviT? wlis romel periodSi
SeniSneT meti frinveli Tqvens sakveb WurWelTan? risTvis ideba Zafi WurWlis gver-
diT?
5. saWiro mowyobilobis damzadeba: frinvelebis sakvebi WurWlis mowyoba (plastmasis
patara TefSze an yuTSi Cayrili mzesumziras marcvlebi). sakvebi WurWlis gverdiT
ideba feradi Zafi.
6. dakvirvebis Sedegebis dRiurSi CaniSvna: dakvirvebis CaniSvna xdeba samuSao rveulSi
an specialurad Sedgenil dRiurSi.
7. dakvirvebis Sedegebis damuSaveba: frinvelTa raodenoba icvleba sezonebis mixed-
viT – gazafxulze da zafxulSi ufro meti frinveli etaneboda sakvebiT savse Wur-
Wels, zamTarSi maTi ricxvi Semcirda, gazafxulze zogierTma frinvelma Zafi budis
asaSeneblad gamoiyena.
8. mizezebis, kavSirebis dadgena: gazafxulze da zafxulSi ufro meti frinvelia, radgan
isini Tbili qveynebidan mofrinaven, SemodgomiT ki ukan mifrinaven da maTi ricxvi
mcirdeba. zogierTi frinveli sxvadasxva masalas iyenebs budeebis asaSeneblad.

eqskursia da eqspedicia

meTodis aRwera:

dawyebiT klasebSi bunebismetyvelebis Seswavlisas didi mniSvneloba aqvs eqskursiebsa

da Tematur eqspediciebs, romlebic moswavleebs exmareba gacilebiT Rrmad da safuZ-
vlianad Seiswavlon bunebis obieqtebisa da movlenebis mravalferovneba, gaerkvnen
masSi, daadginon organizmebsa da garemo pirobebs Soris arsebuli kavSi­rebi. metad mniS-
vnelovania, rom swored eqskursiebisa da eqspediciebis dros uviTardebaT moswavleebs
dadebiTi SegrZnebebi garemos mimarT da SesaZlebloba eZlevaT, gakveTilze naswavli
uSualod daakavSiron realobasTan.
eqskursiis an eqspediciis Sinaarsi uSualod unda ukavSirdebodes wina gakveTilebze
ganvlil an Semdgom gakveTilebze gasavlel masalas. amave dros eqskursiisa Tu eqs-
pediciis dros Segrovebuli masala, miRebuli warmodgenebi da dakvirvebis Sedegebi
aucileblad gamoyenebul unda iqnas saswavlo procesSi.
bunebis Seswavlis kvleviTi da mzrunvelobiTi midgoma SesaZleblobas iZleva,
eqskursiebisa da eqspediciebis dros bavSvebs adgilze SevaswavloT sivrcesa da droSi

25
 orientireba, bunebis obieqtebisa da movlenebis mimarT dakvirveba, Sedareba da maT
Soris arsebuli urTierTkavSirebis dadgena, da rac mTavaria, gavuRvivoT garemoze
zrunvisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba.
eqskursia da eqspedicia EefuZneba moswavleebis mier Seswavlil an Sesaswavli obi-
eqtebisa da movlenebis aRqmas bunebriv da xelovnurad (zooparki, botanikuri baRi,
muzeumi da sxv.) Seqmnil garemoSi. eqskursia da eqspedicia xels uwyobs moswavleebs,
CamouyalibdeT realuri Sexeduleba garemomcvel samyaroze, rogorc erT mTliano-
baze, romelSic yvela komponenti urTierTdakavSirebulia.

aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebis mizania, moswavles ganuviTaros iseTi unar-Cvevebi,

rogoricaa:

bunebis obieqtebsa da movlenebze dakvirveba, Sedareba, kvleva da maT Soris kavSirebis

dadgena; garemomcveli sinamdvilis damoukideblad Seswavla, garemoze zrunva da
pasuxismgebloba.
eqskursiebsa an eqspediciebs didi SemecnebiTi da aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia akis-
riaT: isini aRrmaveben da afarToeben moswavleTa codnas da xels uwyoben Teoriuli
codnis praqtikulTan Serwymas; moswavleebs uyalibdebaT ekologiuri da esTetikuri
cnobiereba, dadebiTi gancdebi.

meTodis gamoyeneba:

eqskursiebi da eqspediciebi tardeba uSualod bunebaSi, muzeumSi, gamofenaze, botani-

kur baRSi, zooparkSi, dacul teritoriebze, sawarmoebSi da a.S.
eqskursia da eqspedicia SeiZleba iyos saswavlo (programuli) da arasaswavlo (pro-
gramis gareSe), Tematuri da kompleqsuri. saswavlo eqskursia da eqspedicia SeiZleba
Catardes rogorc sakiTxis Seswavlamde (mag., eqskursia skolis adgilmdebareobis Sesas­
wavlad), ise misi Seswavlis Semdeg (mag., amindis, cxovelebisa da mcenareebis Seswavlis
Semdeg).
eqskursia da eqspedicia, rogorc wesi, sami etapisgan Sedgeba: mosamzadebeli (saor-
ganizacio), ZiriTadi (eqskursiis an eqspediciis miznis, amocanis, kvlevis gansazRvra)
da Semajamebeli (namuSevrebis prezentacia).
metad mniSvnelovania is faqtori, rom mosamzadebeli samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg
moswavleebs mieceT moqmedebis Tavisufleba da damoukidebloba, raTa maT Tavi ise
igrZnon, rogorc savele mkvlevrebma. swored eqskursia da eqspedicia aZlevs SesaZle-
blobas moswavleebs, piradi gamocdilebiT daeuflon bunebaSi, velze an samuSao adgi-
las masalis Segrovebas, Segrovebuli masalis konservaciis zogierT xerxs, agreTve
piradad gaecnon bunebis obieqtebsa da movlenebs.
eqskursiis an eqspediciis Semdeg moswavleebma unda moamzadon maT mier Catare-
buli dakvirvebis, kvlevebis werilobiTi an sxva saxiT warmodgenili angariSi; aseve
aucilebelia Segrovili masalis momzadeba, Senaxva da analizi, maTi Sedareba sax-
elmZRvanelos Sesabamis gakveTilTan, garemosdacviTi da ekologiuri problemebis
ganxilva, diskusiis organizacia SesaZlo praqtikuli RonisZiebis Taobaze, sxva praq-
tikuli saqmianobis Catarebis ganxilva da dagegmva (mag., botanikuri eqspediciis an
botanikur baRSi eqskursiis Semdeg samkurnalo balaxebis Segroveba, dekoratiuli an
sxva mcenareebis moSeneba skolis ezoSi da patara botanikuri baRis Seqmna, cocxali
kuTxis mowyoba, Segrovili masalisa da Catarebuli analizis Sedegebis gamoyenebiT
saswavlo damxmare saSualebaTa damzadeba, herbariumis, akvariumis gakeTeba da sxv.).

26
moqmedebis gegma:

1. eqskursiis an eqspediciis dagegmva: maswavlebeli winaswar ecnoba eqskursiis an

eqspediciis Catarebis adgils, poulobs da arCevs yvelaze saintereso tipur obi-
eqtebs, Seiswavlis marSruts, mosaxerxebel adgilebs SeCerebisTvis, moifiqrebs
moswavleTa mier damoukidebeli dakvirvebebisa an samuSaoebis Catarebis xasiaTs,
risi Segroveba SeuZliaT maT am dros, Seadgens eqskursiis an eqspediciis Catarebis
gegmas, gansazRvravs Semajamebeli saubrisTvis ZiriTad sakiTxebs.
2. moswavleTa momzadeba: moswavleTaTvis eqskursiis an eqspediciis amocanebisa da
Sinaarsis gacnoba; davalebebisa da Sesabamisi aRWurvilobis (mag., kompasi, niCabi,
saqaRaldeebi herbariumisTvis, etiketebi, qilebi, saWeri badeebi, lupa da sxv.)
ganawileba moswavleTa jgufebs Soris; bunebaSi qcevisa da usafrTxoebis wesebis
gacnoba.
3. eqskursiis an eqspediciis Sejameba: eqskursiis an eqspediciis dros Segrovili masa-
lebis damuSaveba da gamoyeneba.

meTodis gamoyenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia:

winaswari dagegmva da swori organizacia, bunebaSi qcevisa da usafrTxoebis wesebis

dacva, dasaxlebuli punqtisa da skolis adgilmdebareobidan gamomdinare.

saswavlo TamaSebi

TamaSi adamianis, gansakuTrebiT, bavSvis qcevis erT-erTi wamyvani formaa. TamaSi swavlebis
mizniT – esaa SesaZlo realobis jgufuri gamokvlevis saSualeba da am gziT socialuri
gamocdilebis miReba.
germaneli fsiqologi biuleri miiCnevda, rom TamaSi aris saqmianoba, romlis gan­
xorcielebas safuZvlad funqciuri siamovnebis miReba udevs. yo­ve­li­ve ze­moT­qmu­li­dan
gamomdinare, Se­iZ­le­ba gan­vmar­toT, rom Ta­ma­Si – esaa Se­saZ­lo si­nam­dvi­lis jgu­fu­ri
da di­a­lo­gu­ri ga­mok­vle­vis me­To­di. sa­Ta­ma­So aq­ti­vo­bas mar­Tlac sxva­das­xva sa­xis si­a­
mov­ne­ba udevs sa­fuZ­vlad, ker­Zod:

1. par­tni­o­reb­Tan uSu­a­lo kon­taq­ti;

2. sa­Ta­ma­So si­tu­a­ci­e­bis Se­de­ge­bis swra­fad gar­kve­va;
3. Se­jib­ris­gan mi­Re­bu­li kmayofileba;
4. sa­ku­Ta­ri Ta­vi­sa da Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bis de­mon­stri­re­ba;
5. rol­Si `Ses­vla~ da a.S.

si­u­Je­tu­ri Ta­ma­Si – es aris gak­ve­Til­ze ga­Ta­ma­Se­bu­li mci­re dad­gma, speq­tak­li, rom­

lis mi­za­nia bav­Svi­saT­vis uc­no­bi da uC­ve­u­lo mov­le­ne­bis ga­coc­xle­ba ma­Ti ga­Ta­ma­Se­bis
gziT.
mas­wav­le­be­li ar­Cevs gak­ve­Til­ze gan­sa­xil­vel (Se­sas­wavl) Te­mas da ad­gens si­u­Jets.
Sem­deg bav­Sveb­Tan er­Tad ana­wi­lebs ro­lebs da msje­lobs ima­ze, Tu ro­gor gan­xor­ci­
el­des sa­bav­Svo war­mod­ge­na.
war­mod­ge­nis msvle­lo­bi­sas mas­wav­le­bel­ma Se­iZ­le­ba Se­a­Ce­ros bav­Sve­bi da da­us­vas
kiT­xve­bi (mag., war­mod­ge­nis ga­um­jo­be­se­bis miz­niT). Ta­ma­Sis dam­Tav­re­bis Sem­deg xde­ba
mi­si gar­Ce­va mTe­li kla­sis mi­er.
es me­To­di sa­Su­a­le­bas aZ­levs bavSvs, ukeT ga­i­gos mis­Tvis uc­no­bi mov­le­ne­bi, Ta­ma­mad
ga­mo­xa­tos Ta­vi­si grZno­be­bi da az­re­bi, ig­rZnos Ta­vi jgu­fis wev­rad, iTa­nam­Srom­los

27
 sxva bav­Sveb­Tan (anu mi­i­Ros mo­na­wi­le­o­ba) da a.S. amas­Ta­na­ve, Ta­ma­SiT mi­iR­we­va bav­Svis
so­ci­a­li­za­cia (sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si ar­se­bu­li so­ci­a­lu­ri ga­moc­di­le­bis aT­vi­se­ba da mi­Re­ba).

meTodis aRwera:

umcros saskolo asakSi, dawyebiT safexurze, mozardis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, didi

roli akisria saswavlo TamaSebs. isini xels uwyoben saswavlo procesis gaaqtiurebas,
uviTareben bavSvebs damkvirveblobas, yuradRebas, mexsierebas, sistemur azrovnebas.
TamaSebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas, rogorc adre SeZenili codnis Semowmebisa da
ganmtkicebis mizniT, ise misi gafarToebisa da gaRrmavebisaTvis.
bunebismcodneobis sagnis specifikidan gamomdinare, gakveTilebze maswavlebels
SeuZlia sxvadasxva TamaSebis (roluri, saqmiani, gasarTobi da sxv.) gamoyeneba, imisda
mixedviT, Tu ra aris gakveTilis mizani, Sinaarsi, rogoria moswavleTa codna da a.S.
saswavlo TamaSebisas maswavlebeli ZiriTadad wamyvanis, gezis mimcemisa da meTvaly-
uris rols asrulebs. mTeli TamaSis ganmavlobaSi maswavlebeli bolomde neitralur
wamyvanad rCeba, inarCunebs urTierTobaTa balanss da qmnis sasiamovno atmosferos
klasSi.
saswavlo TamaSebis dros mTeli aqcenti moswavleTa aqtiurobazea gadatanili.
aseTi TamaSebisas moswavles saSualeba eZleva Tavad gamoikvlios, gaarCios, gamoiy-
enos, saTanadod ganalagos masala, irwmunos sakuTari Zala, imoqmedos da ipovos gamo-
savali, Tavisuflad imsjelos Tavis grZnobebze, moqmedebebze, gaaanalizos isini da
gamoitanos daskvnebi.

aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebis mizania, moswavles ganuviTaros iseTi unar-Cvevebi,

rogoricaa:

klasifikacia, analizi, mizezSedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena, komunikacia (gansa-

kuTrebiT erToblivi Tu individualuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis dros).
saswavlo TamaSebi uyalibebs moswavleebs motivacias, interess, SemoqmedebiTobas,
fantazias, amaRlebs maT qmediTunarianobas. saswavlo TamaSebs aqvs Zlieri saswavlo
efeqti da codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis maRali SesaZlebloba.
asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT (dawyebiT klasebSi TamaSebi aqtual-
uria bavSvebisaTvis) TamaSebis dros xorcieldeba moswavleTa maRali motivacia da
sagnis mimarT interesis gamowveva.

moqmedebis gegma:

1. TamaSis dagegmva da saWiro resursebis momzadeba;

2. rolebis ganawileba monawileTa Soris;
3. TamaSis wesebis (miTiTebebis) gacnoba;
4. TamaSis msvlelobaze Tvalyuris devneba;
5. TamaSis Sejameba da daskvnebis gakeTeba.

meTodis gamoyenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia:

moiTxovs moswavleTa intensiur momzadebas; zogjer TamaSSi monawileobs moswavleTa

mxolod garkveuli nawili; saWiroebs moswavleebze integrirebul kontrols; zogjer
SesaZlebelia problemebis warmoqmna monawileTa Soris rolebis gadanawilebis dros.

28
magaliTi: saswavlo TamaSi – `mze – sinaTlis da siTbos wyaro~

monawileebi: 1 mTxrobeli, sul mcire 10 moswavle.

resursebi: dasuraTebuli baraTebi: mze, mzis sxivebi, dedamiwa, mcenareebi, cxovelebi,
wyali, adamianebi.
aRwera:

moswavleebs eZlevaT baraTebi. imisda mixedviT, Tu rogori suraTiani baraTi SexvdaT,

im rols iReben speqtaklSi.

mTxrobeli kiTxulobs teqsts: `mze gavZlevs sinaTlesa da siTbos~.

moswavle-mze dgeba SuaSi da moswavle-sxivebis daxmarebiT akeTebs imitacias, TiTqos
asxivebs.
mTxrobeli: `dedamiwa brunavs mzis garSemo~.
moswavle-dedamiwa mzes Semouvlis wres.
mTxrobeli: `dedamiwaze adamianebi cxovroben~.
moswavle-adamianebi dgebian dedamiwis irgvliv.
mTxrobeli: `riT ikvebebian adamianebi?~
moswavle-adamianebi asaxeleben sakvebs, Tu es sakvebi cxoveluria, scenaze Semodin
cxovelebi, Tu mcenareuli – mcenareebi.
mTxrobeli: `mzis energia mogzaurobs mzidan dedamiwis zedapiramde~.
moswavle-sxivebi akeTeben Sesabamis moZraobas.
mTxrobeli: `Semdeg mcenareebi ikvebebian mzis sinaTliTa da siTboTi~.
moswavle-mcenareebi akeTeben Sesabamis moZraobas.
mTxrobeli: `cxovelebi ikvebebian mcenareebiT~.
moswavle-cxovelebi akeTeben Sesabamis moZraobas.
mTxrobeli: `adamianebi ikvebebian mcenareebiTa da cxovelebiT~.
moswavle-adamianebi akeTeben Sesabamis moZraobas.
mTxrobeli: `ra moxdeba mze rom gaqres?~
elodebiT auditoriis pasuxebs.
mTxrobeli: `mcenareebs sakvebi aRar eqnebaT da gadaSendebian. Sesabamisad, cxovelebic
daixocebian da gadaSendebian, adamianebsac sakvebi gamoelevaT da maTac igive eliT~.
moxaliseebi sasacilod ganasaxiereben am scenas.
mTxrobeli: `modi, ukan davabrunoT mze. Cven gvWirdeba mze sicocxlisaTvis. gmadlob,
mzeo~.
moswavle-mze qeds ixris madlobis niSnad.
mTxrobeli: `GCven gvWirdeba sufTa niadagi sicocxlisaTvis. gmadlob, miwav~.
moswavle-niadagi qeds ixris madlobis niSnad.
mTxrobeli: `ra moxdeba, Tu ar gveqneba sufTa wyali?~
elodebiT auditoriis pasuxebs.
mTxrobeli: `mcenareebi ar gaizrdeba, cxovelebs ar eqnebaT sakvebi, adamianebs emuq­
rebaT SimSiloba. Cven gvWirdeba sufTa wyali sicocxlisaTvis~.

magaliTi: saswavlo TamaSi – `brakonierebi da ekopatruli~

mizani: moswavleTa ekologiuri aRzrda, maTSi garemoze zrunvisa da pasuxismgeblobis

grZnobis ganviTareba.

aRwera:

1. TamaSisaTvis saWiro resursebis momzadeba: 50 cali baraTi cxovelebis gamosax-

29
 ulebiT an dasaxelebiT; 2x20 sm – ori feris e.w. `sicocxlis~ zoli; qinZisTavebi
TiToeuli moTamaSisaTvis.
2. baraTebi unda mimoifantos saTamaSo moedanze, romelic aris nakrZali, sadac nadi-
roba akrZalulia.
3. moswavleebi Tanabrad iyofian or razmad da orives eniWeba feri; moTamaSeebi mar-
jvena mxares imagreben Sesabamisi razmis `sicocxlis~ fers;
4. erT razms daerqmeva `ekopatruli~ da misi amocanaa, uzrunvelyos, rom nakrZalSi
aravin inadiros. meore gunds daerqmeva `brakonierebi~ da misi mizania nakrZalSi
daiWiros cxovelebi da isini monadiris saxlSi waiyvanos.
5. monadiris saxli iqneba saTamaSo moednis romelime boloSi. TamaSs iwyeben brakonierebi
swored am adgilidan, ekopatruli ki mTel moedan-nakrZalSia ganlagebuli.
6. sayviris xmaze brakonierebi iwyeben cxovelebze nadirobas. maT baraTi cxovelis
gamosaxulebiT an saxeliT jibeSi unda Caidon da daWeris gareSe dabrundnen monadiris
saxlSi. brakoniers erTi nadirobis dros mxolod erTi cxovelis daWera SeuZlia.
7. ekopatruli cdilobs, daiWiros brakonieri samxiliT – cxovelis suraTiT jibeSi.
daWeris dros isini brakoniers furclis ferad zols aSoreben mxridan.
8. Tu daWerisas brakoniers cxoveli aRmoaCnda, igi abrunebs cxovels da axali sicocx-
lis asaRebad brundeba monadiris saxlSi. Tu mas ar hyavs nadiri, misi daWera ara-
kanonieria da patrulma sicocxle unda daubrunos. brakonierebs ar SeuZliaT
ekopatrulis daWera.
9. TamaSis drois amowurvis Semdeg mTel jgufTan erTad jamdeba, ramdeni cxoveli
daiWires brakonierebma da ramdeni gadaarCina ekopatrulma.
10. grovdeba yvela baraTi (isinic, romlebic brakonierebma ver ipoves), xelaxla mimoi-
fanteba moedan-nakrZalSi, gundebi cvlian rolebs da iwyeba TamaSis meore raundi.

magaliTi: saswavlo TamaSi – `resursebis dilema~

mizani: moswavleTa ekologiuri aRzrda da garemoze zrunvisa da pasuxismgeblobis

grZnobis ganviTareba. resursebis racionalurad gamoyenebis mniSvnelobis gacnobiereba.

aRwera:

1. TamaSisaTvis saWiro resursebis momzadeba: Tasi da 16 marcvali, mag., miwis Txili.

2. dayofa oTxkacian jgufebad da instruqciis gacnoba: Tasi warmoadgens tyes an zRvas,
xolo marcvlebi – xeebs an Tevzs. TiToeul jgufs eZleva Tasi 16 `xiT~ (TevziT).
TamaSis mizania, rac SeiZleba meti xe moWras (Tevzi daiWiros) jgufma.
3. tyeSi (TasSi) mxolod 16 xea (marcvali) , radgan es aris tyis maqsimaluri tevadoba.
yoveli 4 moWrili xisTvis TiToeuli moswavle 4 qulas miiRebs. Sesabamisad, rac
ufro met xes moWrian, miT meti qula eqnebaT.
4. TamaSisas moswavleebs SeuZliaT yvela an, ramdenime xe moWran, an saerTod ar moWran.
5. moswavleebs eZlevaT oTxi 20-wamiani raundi, roca maT xis moWra SeuZliaT. maswav-
lebeli amcnobs raundis dawyebisa da damTavrebis dros.
6. Tu pirveli raundis Semdeg TasSi `xe~ darCeba, meore raundisTvis TiTo darCenil
xeze erTi xe daemateba. mag., Tu 4 xe darCa, kidev 4 xe daemateba. magram axali raundis
dawyebis dros tyeSi xeebis raodenoba ar unda aRematebodes 16 xes, radgan tye mets
ver itevs.
7. TamaSis damTavrebis Semdeg klasSi moewyoba ganxilva. kiTxvebi ganxilvisTvis:
a) ramdeni qula moagroves jgufebma?
b) ratom emateboda xe mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu TasSi ramdenime xe iyo darCenili?
(Tu yvela xe moiWreba, xeebi veRar gamravldeba.)

30
 g) ra xdeboda, roca jgufis wevrebi ar TanamSromlobdnen?
d) romeli iyo saukeTeso strategia xeebis moWris dros? (yovel raundSi 8 xis moWra)
e) resursebis gamoyeneba amave dros moiTxovs maTze zrunvas. CamoTvaleT resursebi,
romelTac gafrTxileba sWirdebaT?
v) rogor imoqmedebs mosaxleobis raodenobis zrda dedamiwis resursebis gamo­
yenebaze?

SeniSvna: aRniSnuli aqtivoba SegiZliaT gaimeoroT 8-kacian jgufebSi, raTa asaxoT

mosaxleobis zrdis faqtori.

magaliTi: saswavlo TamaSi – `loto~ (geografiuli, biologiuri)

mizani: ganvlili masalis ganmtkiceba.

aRwera:

1. moswavleebs (an moswavleTa jgufebs) urigdebaT baraTebi.

2. maswavlebeli asaxelebs obieqts da moswavleebi maT faraven.
3. vinc ufro swrafad dafaravs yvela obieqts da swored daasaxelebs maT, is iqneba
gamarjvebuli.

SeniSvna: TamaSi SeiZleba dafasTan Catardes. sami moswavle (TiTo monawile jgufidan),
maswavleblis signalis mixedviT, irCevs da dafaze kidebs dasaxelebebs. danarCenebi
yuradRebiT akvirdebian, asworeben da avseben megobrebis pasuxebs.

TamaSebi codnis SemowmebisaTvis

baraTebi

dayaviT moswavleebi jgufebad. daurigeT jgufebs erTnairi raodenobis baraTebi da

sTxoveT, gaixsenon rac SeiZleba meti termini Seswavlili masalidan. mieciT 5 wuTi
davalebis Sesasruleblad. drois amowurvis Semdeg SeagroveT baraTebi, gaimarjvebs
is jgufi, romelic yvelaze bevr termins Camowers.
aurieT baraTebi da daarigeT klasSi. rigrigobiT sTxoveT moswavleebs, ganmarton
termini, romelic weria maT baraTze.

monaTxrobis monaTxrobi
gamoiZaxeT dafasTan sami moswavle. ori maTgani gadis klasidan, xolo erTi rCeba da
klasTan erTad ismens informacias, romelsac ukiTxavs maswavlebeli (2-3 abzaci Teo-
riuli blokidan).
moiwvieT klasSi erT-erTi moswavle, romelic gareT icdida da sTxoveT TamaSis
pirvel monawiles, mouyves mosmenili.
Semdeg moiwvieT bolo, mesame monawile, romelic moismens informacias meore monawil-
isagan. amis Semdeg xelaxla waikiTxeT teqsti da klasTan erTad SeadareT TamaSis meore
monawilis variants.

31
 auqcioni

I varianti

iyideba Sefaseba `10 qula~ an prizi. yovel monawiles SeuZlia `iyidos~ niSani an prizi,
e.i. daasaxelos TemasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri termini (magaliTad, Tu auqcionis
Temaa `saqarTvelos reliefi~, moswavles SeuZlia daasaxelos termini `mTa~). meore
moswavle `aswevs fass~ da daamatebs axal termins (magaliTad, `qedi~, `mwvervali~),
mesames SeuZlia, kidev ufro `aswios fasi~ axali terminis dasaxelebiT (magaliTad,
`eroziuli reliefi~, `karstuli reliefi~ da sxv.). sityvebi ar unda meordebodes.
Tu morigi dasaxelebis Semdeg warmoiqneba pauza, maswavlebeli urtyams CaquCs:
`karstuli reliefi erTi~, `karstuli reliefi ori~... am dros moswavleebi cdiloben,
gaixsenon sxva sityvebi. mogebulia is, vinc bolos asaxelebs termins, e.i. is, romlis
Semdegac, CaquCis mesame dartymamde veravin ixsenebs axal sityvas.
gamarjvebuli monawile iRebs Sefaseba `10 qulas~ an prizs.

II varianti

auqcionis gamocxadebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, daiTvalon `piro-

biTi erTeulebi~, e.i. furcelze Camoweron yvela termini, romelic ukavSirdeba Temas
da daTvalon Camowerili terminebis/sityvebis raodenoba.
am davalebis Sesasruleblad moswavleebs eZlevaT garkveuli dro, magaliTad, 5
wuTi. 5 wuTis Semdeg iwyeba auqcioni.
maswavlebeli sTavazobs klass `sawyis fass~ – davuSvaT, 6 pirobiT erTe­uls. `vis
SeuZlia meti?~ – monawileebi asaxeleben TavianT cifrs (anu Camo­werili sityvebis
raodenobas). maswavlebeli avlens sam gamarjvebuls, romelTac yvelaze maRali fasi
daasaxeles (yvelaze meti sityva Camoweres). sams virCevT imitom, rom gamarjvebulis
namuSevarSi SeiZleba iyos Secdoma an gameoreba, am SemTxvevaSi mowmdeba Semdegi namu-
Sevari.
gamarjvebulTa mier Sedgenil terminTa siebi iwereba dafaze. sxva moswavleebi
avseben sias, amateben gamotovebul sityvebs. amave dros zustdeba zogierTi termini.
gamarjvebuli sazeimod jildovdeba SefasebiT: `10 qula~ an priziT.

Tovlis gunda
TamaSSi SeiZleba monawileobdes mTeli klasi. moswavleebs eZlevaT Tema. magaliTad,
stiqiuri movlenebi. pirveli monawile asaxelebs erT-erT sakvanZo sityvas TemasTan
mimarTebiT. mag., zvavi. meore imeorebs pirvel sityvas da amatebs azriT dakavSirebul
meore sityvas. mag., mTa. Semdegi monawile imeorebs pirveli da meore monawilis mier
warmoTqmul sityvebs da amatebs Tavisas. mag., zvavi, mTa, kavkasioni da a.S. bolos war-
moiqmneba sityvaTa grZeli rigi. is, vinc akeTebs xangrZliv pauzas, gadis TamaSidan.
imarjvebs is, vinc rCeba bolos da sworad CamoTvlis sityvaTa jaWvs.
TamaSi Caivlis ufro organizebulad, Tu moTamaSeebs dafasTan moviwvevT da erT
xazze davayenebT. is, vinc gava TamaSidan, jdeba adgilze. erT-erT moswavles evaleba
dasaxelebuli sityvebis Camowera da Secdomebis dafiqsireba. sasurvelia, rom maswav-
lebeli am moswavlis gverdiT imyofebodes, radgan amgvarad ufro advilia situaciis
kontroli.
didaqtikuri funqciis gasaZliereblad pirveli sityva SeiZleba daasaxelos maswav-
lebelma. es SeiZleba iyos rTulad dasamaxsovrebeli termini, xSirad ganmeorebisas
moswavleebi mas ufro advilad daimaxsovreben.
sityvaTa jaWvi SeiZleba daiweros dafaze, radgan TamaSis monawileebi dafisken
zurgiT dganan.

32
anbani
moswavleebi individualurad an wyvilebSi adgenen sityvaTa CamonaTvals Semdegi
instruqciis mixedviT: sityvebi unda daiwyos konkretul asoze da ukavSirdebodes
gakveTilis Temas.
davalebis Sesasruleblad moswavleebs garkveuli dro eZlevaT. drois amowurvis
Semdeg maswavlebeli adarebs jgufebis siebs da gamoavlens gamarjvebuls. imarjvebs
is, visac yvelaze grZeli sia aqvs, xolo sityvebi zustad Seesabameba Temas.
maswavlebeli xmamaRla kiTxulobs klasSi saukeTeso CamonaTvals. danarCenebi avse-
ben sakuTar siebs im sityvebiT, romlebic maT daaviwydaT.

gamoicani termini
TamaSis mTavari monawile (wamyvani) gadis saklaso oTaxidan, klasi ki Caifiqrebs sity-
vas, romelic Seexeba ganvlil masalas.
amis Semdeg mTavar monawiles kvlav iwveven klasSi – mas klasisaTvis yvelaze meti
aTi kiTxvis dasmis ufleba aqvs, ris Semdegac unda gamoicnos Cafiqrebuli sityva.
kiTxvebze pasuxi SeiZleba iyos: `ki, ara, nawilobriv~. kiTxvasa da pasuxs Soris
Sualedi ar unda aRematebodes erT wuTs.
Tu aTi kiTxvis dasmis Semdeg wamyvani ver SeZlebs sityvis gamocnobas, mas sxva
monawile Secvlis da klasi axal sityvas Caifiqrebs.
wamyvanis Secvlisas klasi asaxelebs Cafiqrebul sityvas.
es saSualebas aZlevs maswavlebels, dainaxos moswavlis logikuri azrovnebis Ses-
aZlebloba. TamaSi moswavleebs aCvevs kiTxvebis sworad dasmas, pasuxebis Sejerebasa
da swori daskvnebis gamotanas.

turniri
am TamaSisas ori moswavle ejibreba erTmaneTs codnaSi. ganisazRvreba Tema.
pirveli moswavle svams kiTxvas mocemul Temaze, meore – pasuxobs. Tu pasuxi sworia,
meore moswavle Tavad svams kiTxvas, romelzec pirveli monawile pasuxobs.
TamaSi grZeldeba manam, sanam ar gaiJRerebs araswori pasuxi, an moswavle ver SeZ-
lebs Tavisi kiTxvis dasmas.
gamarjvebulia is, vinc bolos upasuxebs sworad, xolo mis mier dasmuli kiTxva
swori pasuxis gareSe darCeba.
Tu TamaSi male dasrulda (meore an mesame kiTxvaze), mogebulTan TamaSs agrZelebs
sxva moTamaSe.

gaagrZele Txroba
am TamaSSi moswavleebi rigrigobiT, TiTo winadadebiT cdiloben, mouyvnen klass gan-
vlili masala. erTi iwyebs, xolo meore agrZelebs Txrobas. imarjvebs is, visi wina-
dadebac boloa da romlis mere veravin verafers igonebs.
es TamaSi SeiZleba gaiTamaSoT wyvilebSi an klasebSi.

me vici xuTi...
es savarjiSo Zalian hgavs sabavSvo TamaSs – `me vici xuTi saxeli~.
wamyvani ambobs: `me vici saqarTvelos xuTi mwvervali~.
sxva moswavleebma unda moifiqron xuTi mwvervali da Seadaron wamyvanis Canafiqrs.

33
 imarjvebs is monawile, romelic pirveli daasaxelebs xuT mwve­rvals saqarTveloSi.
Semdeg wamyvani asaxelebs axal gamocanas: `me vici xuTi mdinare~, `me vici xuTi tba~
da a.S.

krosvordi
TamaSSi monawileobs ori adamiani (an mTeli klasi muSaobs wyvilebad).
saWiroa ujredebiani furceli. cxaddeba dro (mag., aTi wuTi) da Tema.
pirveli sityva iwereba furclis SuaSi horizontalurad an vertikalurad. is unda
exebodes aRniSnul Temas da Sedgebodes aranakleb xuTi asosagan, yvela aso iwereba
calke ujraSi. Semdeg moswavleebi rigrigobiT weren axal sityvebs (horizontalurad
an vertikalurad).
yoveli Cawerili sityvisaTvis – 1 qula.
arsebuli sityvebis yovel gadakveTaze – 2 qula.
gaimarjvebs is, vinc yvelaze met qulas moagrovebs.

saxelmZRvaneloze muSaoba da teqstis analizi

meTodis aRwera:

saxelmZRvanelo aZlevs moswavleebs codnis gansazRvrul minimums, emsaxureba gakveTil-

ze miRebuli cnobebis ganmtkicebas da aswavlis miRebuli codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebas.
moswavleebi bunebismcodneobis saxelmZRvaneloebis saSualebiT (teqsti, sxvadasx-
va saxis davalebebi, ilustraciebi) swavloben dasakvirvebeli movlenebidan gamoyon
ZiriTadi, ganazogadon da mis safuZvelze SeimuSaon Sexedulebebi, SeiTvison elemen-
taruli cnebebi, sabunebismetyvelo terminologia. saxelmZRvanelo exmareba moswav-
leebs, aiTvison gansazRvruli warmodgenebi cocxal da aracocxal bunebaze, maT urT-
ierTmoqmedebasa da im zegavlenaze, romelsac isini axdenen adamianis cxovrebasa da
saqmianobaze.

aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebis mizania, moswavles ganuviTaros iseTi unar-Cvevebi,

rogoricaa:

damoukidebeli muSaoba, interesi da motivacia, mexsiereba, yuradReba, pasuxismge-

bloba, Sesabamisi adekvaturi terminologiiT zepiri da weriTi metyveleba.

meTodis gamoyenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia:

gakveTilis mzadebis procesSi wasakiTxi an dasamuSavebeli masalis SerCeva da gansaz-

Rvra imisda mixedviT, Tu ra mizniT iqneba es teqsti gamoyenebuli, ra dro daeTmoba
da ra ZiriTad ganmartebebs saWiroebs.

meTodi – `teqstis kiTxva SekiTxvebis dasmiT~

aRwera:

1. klasi iyofa mcirericxovan jgufebad da maswavleblis miTiTebiT isini saxelmZR-

vanelos gadaSlian Sesabamis gverdze;
2. jgufSi moswavleebi individualurad kiTxuloben teqstis garkveul nawils ( mag.,

34
 pirvel ilustraciamde, pirvel abzacs da a.S.), erTmaneTs uziareben mosazrebebs
da ayalibeben erT SekiTxvas, romelic Zalian ainteresebT am wakiTxuli nawilidan;
3. Semdeg kiTxuloben teqstis meore nawils da kvlav ayalibeben kiTxvas; ase grZel-
deba teqstis srulad wakiTxvamde. jgufebma yoveli kiTxva sxvadasxva furcelze
unda daweron;
4. teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg maswavlebeli iRebs erTi jgufis daweril kiTxvebs da gadas-
cems sxva jgufs. sxvadasxva jgufis kiTxvebi ise unda gadanawildes, rom TiToeul
jgufSi sxvebis mier Sedgenili sami kiTxva aRmoCndes;
5. jgufebma pasuxebi unda gascen am kiTxvebs. maT saxelmZRvanelos teqstis gamoyene-
bac SeuZliaT;
6. prezentaciis dros TiToeuli jgufis warmomadgeneli jer kiTxvas kiTxulobs,
Semdeg ki maT mier mofiqrebul pasuxs.
7. pasuxebis siswore klasSive dgindeba sxva moswavleebis daxmarebiT;
8. erT an ramdenime saintereso SekiTxvaze SesaZlebelia mokle diskusiis gamarTva.

meTodi – `teqstis kiTxva wyvilebad meTodis gamoyenebiT~

aRwera:

1. moswavleebi sxedan wyvilebad da iTvlian `pirvel-meoreze~. TiToeul moswavles

wyvilSi eqneba 1 an 2 nomeri;
2. gakveTilis teqstic iyofa or nawilad. teqstis damuSavebis dros wyvilebi sxvadasxva
rols asruleben. amasTan, TiToeulma orive roli morigeobiT unda Seasrulos.
rolebis Secvla moxdeba kiTxvis procesSi;
3. wyvilSi nomer pirveli moswavle momxseneblis rolSia. misi movaleobaa, yuradRebiT
waikiTxos teqstis pirveli nawili da mewyviles mouyves, auxsnas miRebuli infor-
macia;
4. wyvilSi nomer meore moswavle kiTxvebis damsmelis rolSia. isic kiTxulobs teqsts,
Semdeg yuradRebiT usmens momxsenebels (anu Tavis mewyviles). rodesac momxsene-
beli moyolas, axsnas daamTavrebs, kiTxvebis damsmeli ramdenime kiTxvas dausvams
momxsenebels mocemuli informaciis Taobaze;
5. teqstis meore nawilSi rolebi icvleba. pirveli nomeri kiTxvebis damsmeli gaxdeba,
meore nomeri ki momxsenebeli. maSasadame, teqstis pirveli nawilis kiTxvis dros
is, vinc momxsenebeli iyo, axla kiTxvebis damsmelia da – piriqiT.

rekomendacia:

1. sasurvelia, moswavleebma xmadabla isaubron, raTa erTmaneTs xeli ar SeuSalon.

zogierTi wyvili SeiZleba oTaxis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi imyofebodes, aucilebeli araa
kiTxvis dros yvela isxdes;
2. am meTodis gamoyenebisas SesaZlebelia rolebi maswavlebelsa da moswavleebs Sori-
sac ganawildes – maswavlebeli xan momxsenebeli iqneba, moswavleebi ki kiTxvebis
damsmelebi da – piriqiT.

meTodi – `areuli Tanmimdevroba da damitoveT saTqmeli~

aRwera:

1. saWiro resursebis momzadeba: patara, Tanabari zomis furclebi, romlebzec cal-

calke iwereba gakveTilis teqstis sami-xuTi winadadeba (erTi winadadeba erT fur-
celze). winadadebis kompleqtebi jgufebis raodenobis mixedviT mzaddeba;
2. klasi iyofa mcirericxovan jgufebad, romlebsac urigdebaT winadadebiani fur-
clebi areuli TanmimdevrobiT;

35
 3. moswavleebi kiTxuloben winadadebebs da alageben swori TanmimdevrobiT;
4. roca jgufebi muSaobas daamTavreben, yvela kiTxulobs Tavis variants. maswavlebeli
ar akeTebs aranair komentars. Tu romeli Tanmimdevrobaa swori, amas moswavleebi
Tavad daadgenen, roca saxelmZRvanelos teqsts gaecnobian;
5. moswavleebi individualurad ecnobian saxelmZRvanelos teqsts da adareben iq moce-
mul winadadebis Tanmimdevrobas maT mier Sedgenils. Secdomebs Tavad asworeben.
6. saxelmZRvanelos teqstis pirveladi gacnobisa da winadadebebis sworad dalagebis
Semdeg moswavleebi individualurad kidev erTxel avleben Tvals teqsts. maT teqstSi
unda ipovon winadadeba an citata, romelic maTTvis yvelaze sainteresoa da amoi-
weron furcelze;
7. moswavleTa mier SerCeul citatebs an winadadebebs isini kiTxuloben da Tan xsnian,
Tu ratom iyo es informacia maTTvis saintereso?

meTodi – `Seamowme wakiTxuli~

aRwera:

1. saWiro resursebis momzadeba: furclebi, romlebzec Camowerilia kiTxvebi teqstSi

mocemuli informaciis Sesaxeb an winadadebebi, romelTaganac zogi sworia da zogi –
mcdari;
2. klasi iyofa mcirericxovan jgufebad, romlebsac eZlevaT saxelmZRvaneloSi moce-
muli teqsti wasakiTxad;
3. teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg moswavleebs urigdebaT kiTxvebi, romelTac maT unda upa-
suxon saxelmZRvanelos daxmarebis gareSe an Semoxazon swori pasuxebi, araswori
ki – gaasworon;
4. moswavleebi kiTxuloben pasuxebs. maswavlebeli ar akeTebs aranair komentars.
5. pasuxebis mosmenis Semdeg moswavleebi saxelmZRvaneloSi Tavad amowmeben TavianT
pasuxebs.

meTodi – `labirinTi~

aRwera:

1. saWiro resursebis momzadeba: furclebi labirinTis sqemiT;

2. moswavleebi kiTxuloben labirinTis TiToeul ujraSi Caweril teqsts, terminis
ganmartebas da isrebis saSualebiT gadadian Semdeg ujraze: Tu ganmarteba sworia,
isini moZraoben `diax~ isris gaswvriv, Tu mcdaria – `ara~ isris gaswvriv;
3. moswavleebi furcelze weren im ujrebis nomrebs, romelTac isini gadian;
4. davaleba Sesrulebuli iqneba, Tu isini bolo ujras miaRweven;
5. moswavleebi TavianTi gadaadgilebis marSrutebs erTmaneTs adareben da daSvebul
Secdomebs asworeben.

rekomendacia:

saxelmZRvanelos daxmarebiT msgavsi labirinTebi sxvadasxva terminTa ganmartebiT

moswavleebs Tavad SeuZliaT Seadginon da erTmaneTs gaucvalon.

36
ilustraciebze, rukebze da monacemebze muSaoba
bunebismcodneobis gakveTilebze udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs ilustraciebs – suraTebs,
fotoebs, naxatebs, naxazebs, tabulebs, cxrilebs, grafikebs, rukebsa da aseve swavlebis
iseT TvalsaCino saSualebebs, rogoricaa sxvadasxva saxis Camosarigebeli masala, kino-
filmebi, videorgolebi, naturaluri obieqtebis koleqciebi da sxv. isini moswavle-
TaTvis codnis SeZenis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgenen, amaRleben swavlebis efeq-
tianobas, xels uwyoben damoukidebel muSaobas, aviTareben moswavleTa SemecnebiT
da SemoqmedebiT unarebs. sxvadasxva gamomsaxveli saSualebebi did rols asruleben
moswavleTa Soris uSualo aRqmisaTvis miuwvdomeli obieqtebisa da movlenebis Sesaxeb
warmodgenebis Camoyalibebis procesSi.

aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebis mizania, moswavles ganuviTaros iseTi unar-Cvevebi,

rogoricaa:

damoukidebloba, SemoqmedebiToba, dakvirveba, Sedareba, klasifikacia, interpreta-

cia, mizezSedegobrivi kavSirebis damyareba da analizi.

meTodi – `Seqmeni Seni paragrafi~

aRwera:

1. saWiro resursebis momzadeba: TemasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime foto (suraTi,

naxazi da a.S.);
2. moswavleebi iyofian mcirericxovan jgufebad da TiToeul jgufs eZleva foto-
suraTebis kompleqti;
3. jgufSi moswavleebi individualurad weren TiToeuli fotos aRwerilobas;
4. Semdeg erTmaneTs uziareben mosazrebebs am fotoebTan dakavSirebis Sesaxeb, ayali-
beben saerTo mosazrebas, alageben fotoebs rigiTobiT TavianTi Sexedulebisamebr
da saerTo ZalebiT qmnian sakuTar `paragrafs~;
5. prezentaciis dros TiToeuli jgufi dafaze fotoebs im TanmimdevrobiT akravs,
rogoric maT gamoiyenes muSaobis procesSi da hyvebian sakuTar Seqmnil paragrafs;
6. prezentaciis dasrulebis Semdeg prezentator jgufebs sxva jgufebis warmomad-
genlebi kiTxvebs usvamen;
7. yvela jgufis prezentaciis bolos maswavlebeli ajamebs aqtivobas: suraTebis dal-
agebisas romeli Tanmimdevroba iyo swori, romeli `paragrafi~ iyo yvelaze zusti,
amomwuravi da gasagebi.

meTodi – `dausvi SekiTxvebi suraTebs~ (`viswavloT fotoebiT~)

aRwera:

1. saWiro resursebis momzadeba: TemasTan dakavSirebuli ilustraciebis momzadeba;

2. moswavleebi iyofian mcirericxovan jgufebad da TiToeul jgufs eZleva sxvadasxva
saxis ilustraciebi;
3. jgufSi moswavleebi individualurad weren TiToeul fotosTan dakavSirebul
SekiTxvebs;
4. Semdeg erTmaneTs uziareben mosazrebebs da ayalibeben saerTo SekiTxvebs;
5. jgufebi erTmaneTs ucvlian fotoebsa da SekiTxvebs da pasuxoben maT. Tu SekiTxva
arasworadaa dasmuli an ilustracias ar Seesabameba, maTze pasuxs ar scemen, magram
unda daasabuTon, ratom ar upasuxes;
6. Semdeg isev ucvlian erTmaneTs fotoebs da SekiTxvebs, manam sanam yvela jgufis
SekiTxvas ar upasuxeben;

37
 7. samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg dasmuli SekiTxvebi da maTze pasuxebi erTdroulad
swordeba.

meTodi – `ipove Sesabamisoba~

aRwera:

1. saWiro resursebis momzadeba: TemasTan dakavSirebuli ilustraciebis (fotoebi,

naxatebi, sqemebi da a.S.) momzadeba;
2. moswavleebi iyofian mcirericxovan jgufebad da TiToeul jgufs eZleva sxvadasxva
saxis ilustraciebis paketi;
3. maT unda ipovon Sesabamisoba am suraTebs Soris, mag., cxovelebsa da maT sacxovrebel
garemos Soris, resursebsa da maTgan damzadebul sxeulebs Soris, stiqiur movle-
nebsa da mis gamomwvev mizezebs Soris da sxva;
4. prezentaciis dros mowmdeba, ramdenad sworad dadginda Sesabamisoba da swordeba
Secdomebi.

sak­la­so dis­ku­sia

dis­ku­sia sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo saq­mi­a­no­bis erT-er­Ti mniS­vne­lo­va­ni for­maa, ro­me­lic sti­

muls aZ­levs mos­wav­le­Ta ini­ci­a­ti­vas, uvi­Ta­rebs maT kri­ti­kul az­rov­ne­bas.
dis­ku­si­is dros xde­ba:
– mo­na­wi­le­Ta So­ris in­for­ma­ci­is gac­vla;
– er­Ti da ima­ve sa­kiT­xi­sad­mi sxva­das­xvag­va­ri mid­go­me­bis Zi­e­ba;
– sxva­das­xva Tval­saz­ri­se­bis (xSi­rad er­Tma­ne­Tis ga­mom­ric­xa­vi) Ta­na­ar­se­bo­ba;
– sa­er­To az­ris an ga­daw­yve­ti­le­bis mi­sa­Re­bad jgu­fu­ri Se­Tan­xme­bis Zi­e­ba.
dis­ku­si­is me­To­diT swav­le­ba, tra­di­ci­u­li me­To­dis­gan gan­sxva­ve­biT, Se­saZ­leb­lo­
bas iZ­le­va, da­vi­na­xoT, rom yo­ve­li mtki­ce­ba mra­val sa­Tuo mxa­res Se­i­cavs da das­kvnis
ga­ke­Te­ba uam­ra­vi gziT aris Se­saZ­le­be­li.
imi­saT­vis, rom klas­Si Ria dis­ku­sia Ca­tar­des, sa­Wi­roa ur­Ti­er­Tpa­ti­vis­ce­mi­sa da
ndo­bis ga­re­mo iyos Seq­mni­li. `usaf­rTxo~ ga­re­mos Seq­mna ki mas­wav­le­b­lis mi­er wi­nas­
wa­ri sa­mu­Sa­os Ca­ta­re­bas gu­lis­xmobs, rom­lis mi­za­nia klas­Si sa­dis­ku­sio qce­vis we­se­
bi­sa da ur­Ti­er­To­bis nor­me­bis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­ba. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT efeq­tiania igi daw­ye­biT
kla­seb­Si, ro­de­sac ya­lib­de­ba qce­vis stan­dar­te­bi.
dis­ku­si­is we­se­bis swav­la da am me­To­dis xSi­ri ga­mo­ye­ne­ba xels uw­yobs mTe­li ri­gi
unar-Cve­ve­bis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bas, ro­go­ri­caa:
– sxvi­si guldasmiT mos­me­na;
– sa­ku­Ta­ri az­ris Ca­mo­ya­li­be­ba da mi­si dasabuTeba;
– msje­lo­ba, kri­ti­ku­li ana­li­zi da sxvi­si na­az­re­vis Se­fa­se­ba.
sa­bo­lo­od ki ya­lib­de­ba sxvi­si, Tun­dac gan­sxva­ve­bu­li az­ri­sad­mi pa­ti­vis­ce­ma da Sem­
wyna­reb­luri da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba, rac au­ci­le­be­lia de­mok­ra­ti­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis mo­qa­
la­qi­saT­vis.
imi­saT­vis, rom dis­ku­sia Ca­va­ta­roT, sa­Wi­roa:
– kiT­xvis das­ma, prob­le­mis war­mod­ge­na an kon­kre­tu­li Sem­Txve­vis aR­we­ra;
– dis­ku­si­is we­se­bis dac­va;
– mos­wav­le­Ta wa­xa­li­se­ba, mxar­da­We­ra.

saklaso diskusia exmareba moswavleebs sakiTxis Rrma da detalur ganxilvaSi. kerZod,

saklaso diskusiis dros iqmneba iseTi atmosfero, romelSic moswavleebs SeuZliaT

38
azrebis urTierTgaziareba, axali ideebis gamoTqma, sxvisi azrebis mosmena da gageba,
komunikaciisa da TviTgamoxatvis unar-Cvevebis gaumjobeseba.
kargi diskusia unda iTvaliswinebdes rogorc diskusiis wamyvanis, aseve misi
monawileebis sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebs, mocemuli sakiTxis codnas, liderobisa
da koordinaciis SesaZleblobas, azrebis urTierTgacvlas, jgufis, rogorc mTlianis
ganxilvas; Sesabamisad, misi warmarTva saWiroebs karg momzadebas.
saklaso diskusiis momzadebisas maswavlebelma zustad unda SearCios sadiskusio
Tema. es gulisxmobs imas, rom diskusiisTvis gankuTvnili Tema sagnisa da konkretuli
sakiTxis Sesatyvisi iyos. aseve, maswavlebelma saklaso diskusiisTvis unda SearCios
Sesabamisi forma (mag., moswavlis prezentacias mohyveba jgufuri diskusia: moswav-
leebs eZlevaT wasakiTxi masala, rasac mohyveba Semajamebeli prezentacia da klasis
diskusia) da fizikuri garemo (mag., wreSi jdoma diskusiis TiToeul monawiles aZlevs
SesaZleblobas ufro advilad daamyaros komunikacia, didi jgufebi SeiZleba daiyos
ufro patara jgufebad da a.S.).

diskusiis mimdinareobis dros maswavlebelma unda gaakeTos Semdegi:

1. diskusiis fasilitaciisaTvis Sesabamisi saklaso garemos Seqmna:

diskusiis wesebis Camoyalibeba (azris gamoTqmis wesebi da a.S.);
ZiriTadi Temebisa da terminebis zogadi mimoxilva;
azris gamoTqma diskusiis savaraudo Sedegis Sesaxeb;
diskusiisTvis sakmarisi drois gamoyofa.

2. monawileebis waxaliseba/xelSewyoba:
moswavleebis dasaintereseblad mastimulirebeli SekiTxvebis dasma;
moTxovna, rom moswavleebma mudmivad Seajamon ganxiluli sakiTxebi;
kiTxvebis momzadeba da moswavleebisaTvis garkveuli drois micema, raTa maT
winaswar moamzadon pasuxebi da Semdeg mTel klass warudginon.

3. diskusiis warmarTva da daskvnebis Sejameba:

moswavleebis waxaliseba, raTa maT gamoTqvan TavianTi ideebis gamamyarebeli
argumentebi;
Cumi/morcxvi moswavlisaTvis specifikuri davalebis micema, rac xels Seuwyobs
mis monawileobas, CarTvas diskusiaSi;
ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sejameba da ZiriTadi azrebis Camoyalibeba: moswavleebis
ideebis ganmarteba da maTgan damatebiTi komentarebis moTxovna.

Cve­ni sa­xel­mZRva­ne­lo­s mixedviT Ca­ta­re­bu­li TiT­qmis yve­la gak­ve­Ti­li iT­va­lis­wi­

nebs sak­la­so dis­ku­si­as. Se­iZ­le­ba ga­moy­ene­bul iq­nas dis­ku­si­is Sem­de­gi for­me­bi:
`mrgva­li ma­gi­da~ – mos­wav­le­Ta mci­re jgu­fi (4-5 ka­ci) ax­dens az­rTa ur­Ti­er­Tgac­
vlas er­Tma­neT­Tan da klas­Tan.
`fo­ru­mi~ – mTe­li klasi ax­dens az­rTa da ide­a­Ta ur­Ti­er­Tga­cvlas Ta­na­bar pirobebSi.
`de­ba­te­bi~ – age­bu­lia mo­na­wi­le­Ta wi­nas­war da­geg­mil ga­mos­vleb­ze. war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi
ar­Ce­ul­ni un­da iy­vnen jgu­fi­dan. ka­ma­TSi mo­na­wi­le­obs jgu­fis Ti­To war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li
rig­ri­go­biT.
dis­ku­si­is Sem­deg mas­wav­le­be­li ki­dev er­Txel Se­a­je­rebs da mos­wav­le­eb­Tan er­Tad
ga­i­me­o­rebs mi­Re­bul das­kvnebs. sa­u­ke­Te­so Sem­Txve­va­Si das­kvne­bi Ta­vad mo­na­wi­le­eb­ma
un­da da­a­fiq­si­ron.

39
 go­neb­ri­vi ie­ri­Si

`go­neb­ri­vi ie­ri­Si~ erT-er­Ti in­te­raq­ti­u­ri me­To­dia. mi­si mi­za­nia prob­le­mis ga­daW­ra

mTe­li kla­sis mo­na­wi­le­o­biT, ide­a­Ta Ta­vi­su­fa­li ga­moT­qmis gziT.
`go­neb­ri­vi ie­ri­Si~ xels uw­yobs Se­moq­me­de­bi­Ti az­rov­ne­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bas. mos­wav­le­
e­bi swav­lo­ben sxvis mos­me­nas. `go­neb­ri­vi ie­ri­Si~ Se­iZ­le­ba Ca­tar­des da­mo­u­ki­deb­lad an
war­mo­ad­gen­des sxva sa­var­ji­Sos na­wils.
mas­wav­le­be­li wi­nas­war ar­Cevs prob­le­mas da Se­kiT­xvis sa­xiT mka­fi­od Ca­mo­a­ya­li­bebs
mas. amis Sem­dgom iw­ye­ba `go­neb­ri­vi ie­ri­Sis~ pir­ve­li eta­pi, ro­mel­sac ide­a­Ta ge­ne­rireb­
is (dag­ro­ve­bis) eta­pi ewo­de­ba. am dros da­cu­li un­da iyos Sem­de­gi we­se­bi:
1.  mo­na­wi­le­Ta mi­er mo­saz­re­be­bis ga­moT­qmis dros da­uS­ve­be­lia mo­saz­re­ba­Ta kri­ti­ka,
ka­ma­Ti an Se­fa­se­ba;
2. mo­na­wi­le­ni ide­ebs ga­moT­qva­men ne­ba­yof­lo­biT da ara – mas­wav­leb­lis sur­vi­li­sa­mebr;
3.  Ti­To mos­wav­lem Se­iZ­le­ba ga­moT­qvas er­Ti an ram­de­ni­me mo­saz­re­ba, ro­me­lic Se­iZ­le­ba
iyos ro­gorc ori­gi­na­lu­ri, ise sxvi­si ide­is ga­me­o­re­ba;
4. yve­la idea un­da da­fiq­sir­des (da­i­we­ros) da­fa­ze (yve­la­ze mi­uR­e­be­lic ki);
5.  ro­de­sac ide­a­Ta ga­moT­qmis six­Si­re da­ik­lebs, mas­wav­le­be­li ki­dev er­Txel aZ­levs
mos­wav­le­ebs da­fiq­rebis sa­Su­a­le­bas;
6.  dro Se­iZ­le­ba wi­nas­war ga­ni­saz­Rvros an mas­wav­le­bel­ma sa­Wi­ro­e­bi­sa­mebr Sew­yvi­tos
ide­a­Ta ge­ne­rirebis pro­ce­si.

me­o­re anu ide­aTa Se­fa­se­bis etap­ze:

1. xde­ba ga­moT­qmu­li mo­saz­re­be­bis mi­mo­xil­va;
2. Tu ram­den­ime mo­saz­re­ba msgav­sia, am SemTxvevaSi xde­ba ma­Ti gan­zo­ga­de­ba-ga­er­Ti­a­
ne­ba;
3.  mos­wav­le­ebs vTxovT, gan­zo­ga­de­bu­li ide­e­bi­dan amo­ar­Ci­on 2-3 idea, ro­me­lic, ma­Ti
az­riT, yve­la­ze Ri­re­bu­lia da da­a­la­gon isi­ni mniS­vne­lo­bis mi­xed­viT (yve­la­ze mniS­
vne­lo­va­ni idea iwe­re­ba pir­ve­l adgilze da a.S.).
4. sa­bo­lo­od ga­mo­i­yo­fa yve­la­ze mniS­vne­lo­va­ni ide­e­bi, rom­le­bic das­mu­li prob­le­me­
bis ga­daw­yve­ti­saT­vis me­tad mniS­vne­lo­va­ni iq­ne­ba.
me-5 klas­Si `go­neb­ri­vi ie­ri­Sis~ sru­lad war­mar­Tva sak­mao dros mo­­­­iT­xovs da Se­iZ­le­ba
mi­si ga­mo­ye­ne­ba Se­ma­ja­meb­el an ga­me­o­re­bis gak­­­­­­­ve­­­­­Ti­­­leb­­­ze. Cve­u­leb­riv gak­ve­Ti­leb­ze ki
up­ri­a­nia da­fa­ze Ca­mo­i­we­ros ara yve­la, ara­med ram­de­ni­me mos­wav­lis mo­saz­re­ba, ima­Ti,
vi­sac gan­sxva­ve­bu­li Se­xe­du­le­be­bi aqvT.
`go­neb­ri­vi ie­ri­Sis~ ga­mo­ye­ne­ba xels uw­yobs ara mar­to Se­moq­me­de­bi­Ti az­rov­ne­bis
gan­vi­Ta­re­bas, ara­med ax­dens gan­sxva­ve­bu­li az­ri­sad­mi Sem­wyna­reb­lo­bis da pa­ti­vis­ce­mis
Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bas, uvi­Ta­rebs mos­wav­le­ebs Ta­nam­Srom­lo­bi­sa da urTierTobis unar-Cve­vebs.

`kuTxeebi~
meTodi `kuTxeebi~ gamoiyeneba saklaso diskusiis warmarTvisas, kamaTis provocirebisa
da jgufebs Soris paeqrobis gasaCaReblad, ori an meti poziciis arsebobisas. savarjiSo
aqtiurad da xalisianad sruldeba. es meTodi agreTve kargia klasSi teqstebis kiTxvis,
leqciis mosmenis, filmis Cvenebis Semdeg STabeWdilebebis Sesafaseblad, gansxvave-
buli Tvalsazrisis dasafi­qsireblad.
meTodi `kuTxeebi~ moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, gamoTqvan sakuTari azri da
daicvan TavianTi pozicia, agreTve yuradRebiT mousminon sxvebis argumentebs da
amis mixedviT, garkveuli msjelobis Semdeg gaiziaron an ar gaiziaron gansxvavebuli
mosazrebebi (Secvalon an ar Secvalon sakuTari pozicia).
pedagogi moswavleebs sTavazobs sadiskusio Temas. moswavleebi individualurad

40
irCeven garkveul pozicias da ikaveben saklaso oTaxSi `am poziciisaTvis~ gankuTvnil
adgils (SesaZlebelia SeirCes saklaso oTaxis kuTxeebi, merxebi, romlebzec keTdeba
poziciis aRmniSvneli warwera).
dajgufebuli moswavleebi erTmaneTs uziareben TavianT mosazrebebs da iwyeben jgu-
furad msjelobas, raTa Semdeg daasabuTon TavianTi versia (dasabuTeba SesaZlebelia
werilobiT). moswavleebi unda Seecadon, rac SeiZleba damajerebeli da saintereso
iyos prezentacia.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli exmareba jgufebs.
moswavleebs SeuZliaT diskusiis msvlelobisas Seicvalon Sexeduleba – gadaadgild-
nen erTi kuTxidan meoreSi da im jgufSi gadainacvlon, romlis mosazrebasac imjerad
eTanxmebian.
mosmenisa da kamaTis dros moswavleebma, sasurvelia, gaakeTon Canawerebi, rac dae-
xmareba maT poziciis werilobiT gamoxatvasa da dacvaSi.

`mozaika~
aqtivoba Sedgeba 4 etapisagan:

I etapi: ZiriTadi jgufebis Sedgena da masalis ganawileba

klasi iyofa 4-kacian jgufebad. jgufis TiToeul wevrs urigdeba masala, romelic
erTi mTliani informaciis (teqstis) nawils Seadgens da aqvs garkveuli rigiTi nomeri
(1, 2, 3, 4). man individualurad 10 wT-is ganmavlobaSi unda daamuSaos igi, Seiswavlos,
raTa SeZlos miRebuli informacia sxvasac gadasces.

II etapi: eqspertTa jgufebis mier masalis Seswavla

am etapze yalibdeba e.w. `eqspertTa jgufebi~, vinc amuSavebs 1# -el informacias, erTian-
deba magidis irgvliv, romlis rigiTi nomeria 1, visac aqvs informacia 2# , ikribeba meore
magidis garSemo da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, Ti­To­euli magidis irgvliv aRmoCndebian
erTi da imave informaciis mqone moswavleebi oTxive jgufidan, romlebic SemdgomSi
gadaiqcevian e.w. `informa­ciis `eqspertebad~. isini erTad kiTxuloben da kidev erTxel
swavloben saerTo masalas, eZeben am masalis sxvebze gadacemis saukeTeso da efeqtur
gzebs, meTodebs, weren gegmas, xazaven sqemebs da a.S.

III etapi: ZiriTad jgufSi dabruneba miRebuli codnis gadacemis mizniT

moswavleebi brundebian Tav-TavianT ZiriTad jgufebSi da rigiTi nomris da­c­viT (jer

hyveba 1 nomeri, Semdeg 2 da a.S.) warudgenen TavianT masalas erTma­neTs. jgufis miza-
nia misma yvela wevrma srulyofilad aiTvisos TiToeu­li wevris (`eqspertis~) mier
damuSavebuli masala.

IV etapi: individualuri da jgufuri pasuxismgebloba, miRebuli codnis Sefaseba

jgufis TiToeuli wevri valdebulia, saTanadod aiTvisos Tanagundelebis mier mowo-

debuli mTeli informacia (mozaikac swored amitom hqvia, nawilebidan – mTlianisaken).
miRebuli codna SeiZleba Semowmdes sxvadasxva gziT (mag., werilobiTi formiT, zepiri
TxrobiT, kiTxva-pasuxiTa da sxva saxis wardginebiT).

41
 saswavlo miznebis taqsonomia da SekiTxvis funqcia

da­ax­lo­e­biT na­xe­va­ri sa­u­ku­nis ga­moc­das ga­uZ­lo ame­ri­ke­li mec­ni­e­ris ben­ja­min blu­mi­sa

da mi­si ko­le­ge­bis mi­er Se­mu­Sa­ve­bul­ma pe­da­go­gi­u­ri miz­ne­bi­sa da az­rov­ne­bis do­ne­e­bis
ie­rar­qi­ul­ma sis­te­mam kog­ni­tur (Se­mec­ne­biT) sferoSi, ro­me­lic pe­da­go­gi­u­ri taq­so­
no­mi­is sa­xe­liT aris cno­bi­li.
miz­ne­bis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bis xer­xi mka­fi­od gan­saz­Rvrul sas­wav­lo miz­neb­ze ori­en­ta­ci­as
gu­lis­xmobs. es imas niS­navs, rom swav­le­bis miz­ne­bis for­mu­li­re­ba swav­le­bis sa­sur­ve­li
Se­de­ge­bis meS­ve­o­biT xde­ba; xo­lo mos­wav­lis sas­wav­lo moq­me­de­ba­Si vlin­de­ba esa Tu is
miR­we­u­li Se­de­gi. es mos­wav­le­Ta ise­Ti qce­ve­bia, ro­mel­Ta da­nax­va, amoc­no­ba da Se­fa­
se­ba mas­wav­le­bels ad­vi­lad Se­uZ­lia, Tu­ki man wi­nas­war icis, ro­go­ri un­da iyos miz­nis
Se­sa­ba­mi­si qce­va. am amo­ca­nis ga­da­saW­re­lad blum­ma Se­i­mu­Sa­va sas­wav­lo miz­ne­bis ise­Ti
mka­fio sis­te­ma, ro­mel­Sic miz­ne­bi da­la­ge­bu­lia ka­te­go­ri­e­bad da ie­rar­qi­u­li do­ne­e­bis
mi­xed­viT (anu taq­so­no­mi­u­rad).
sit­yva `taq­so­no­mia~ (ber­Znu­lad niSnavs Tan­mim­dev­ro­biT da­la­ge­bis ka­non­zo­mi­e­re­bas)
bi­o­lo­gi­i­dan aris na­ses­xe­bi da gu­lis­xmobs obi­eq­te­bis iseT kla­si­fi­ka­ci­as, ro­me­lic
age­bu­lia ma­Ti bu­neb­ri­vi ur­Ti­er­Tkav­Si­re­bis sa­fuZ­vel­ze da mzar­di sir­Tu­le­e­bis sa­fe­
xu­reb­ze (ie­rar­qi­u­lad). am­gva­ri sqe­mis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba pe­da­go­gi­ur miz­neb­Tan mi­mar­Te­ba­Si
pir­ve­lad swo­red ben­ja­min blum­ma da­i­sa­xa amo­ca­nad. miz­ne­bis blu­mi­se­ul­ma sis­te­mam
di­di xa­nia, rac sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so aRi­a­re­ba mo­i­po­va. gan­vi­Ta­re­bul qvey­neb­Si mas iye­ne­ben
swav­le­bis da­geg­mvi­saT­vis, Se­de­ge­bis Se­fa­se­bis­Tvis, sa­xel­mZRva­ne­lo­e­bis, sas­wav­lo
tes­te­bi­sa da kiT­xva­re­bis Sed­ge­ni­sas.
blu­mis taq­so­no­mia mo­i­cavs sas­wav­lo miz­ne­bis 6 ka­te­go­ri­as Se­sa­ba­mi­si gan­mar­te­be­
biT. sas­wav­lo miz­nis yve­la­ze da­ba­li do­nea faq­te­bis gax­se­ne­ba (anu mex­si­e­re­ba­ze ori­
en­ti­re­bu­li in­fo­rma­ci­u­li cod­na), mas mosdevs: ga­ge­ba, ga­mo­ye­ne­ba, ana­li­zi, sin­Te­zi
da Se­fa­se­ba.

1. amoc­no­ba-gax­se­ne­ba – es mi­za­ni mo­iT­xovs Ses­wav­li­li ma­sa­lis gax­se­ne­ba­sa da aR­dge­

nas. mi­si mTa­va­ri ni­Sa­nia Se­sa­ba­mi­si mo­na­ce­me­bis zus­tad gax­se­ne­ba.
2. ga­ge­ba – Ses­wav­li­li ma­sa­lis-Si­na­ar­sis ga­ge­bis maC­ve­ne­be­lia mos­wav­lis mi­er ma­sa­
lis in­ter­pre­ta­cia (ax­sna, mok­le Si­na­ar­sis gad­mo­ce­ma). es ka­te­go­ria gu­lis­xmobs
imis ga­mov­le­nas, Tu ro­gor es­mis, ro­gor xe­davs, ro­gor gan­mar­tavs da ro­gor
ga­i­me­o­rebs mos­wav­le mi­Re­bul in­for­ma­ci­as.
3. ga­mo­ye­ne­ba – es ka­te­go­ria mi­u­Ti­Tebs Ses­wav­li­li ma­sa­lis ga­mo­ye­ne­bis unar­ze
kon­kre­tul pi­ro­beb­sa da axal si­tu­a­ci­eb­Si. aseve igu­lis­xme­ba we­se­bis, cne­be­bis,
me­To­de­bis, Te­o­ri­e­bis da a.S. ga­mo­ye­ne­ba.
4. ana­li­zi – es ka­te­go­ria mi­u­Ti­Tebs mTli­a­ni ma­sa­lis struq­tu­rul ele­men­te­
bad daS­lis unar­ze. masSi igu­lis­xme­ba mTe­li­dan na­wi­le­bis ga­mo­yo­fa, maT So­ris
ur­Ti­er­Tkav­Si­re­bis dad­ge­na, mTe­lis or­ga­ni­za­ci­is prin­ci­pe­bis da­nax­va. sas­wav­
lo Se­de­ge­bi uf­ro ma­Ra­li in­te­leq­tu­a­lu­ri do­nis maC­ve­ne­be­lia, vid­re ga­ge­ba
an ga­mo­ye­ne­ba, ram­de­na­dac iT­xovs ro­gorc sas­wav­lo ma­sa­lis Si­na­ar­sis, ise mi­si
struq­tu­ris ga­az­re­bas.
5. sin­Te­zi – es ka­te­go­ria mi­u­Ti­Tebs ele­men­te­bis kom­bi­ni­re­bis iseT unar­ze, ro­mlis
meSveobiTac xde­ba axa­li mTli­a­no­bis Seq­mna. ase­Ti axa­li prod­uqti Se­iZ­le­ba iyos
gar­kveu­li niS­nis (an ma­xa­si­a­Teb­le­bis) mi­xed­viT daj­gu­fe­bu­li sag­ne­bi an mo­na­
cem­Ta mo­wes­ri­ge­bu­li sqe­ma, axali ideis xorcSesxma da sxv. sas­wav­lo Se­de­ge­bi
asa­xavs Se­moq­me­de­bi­Ti xa­si­a­Tis mu­Sa­o­bas.
6. Se­fa­se­ba – es ka­te­go­ria gu­lis­xmobs ama Tu im ma­sa­lis mniS­vne­lo­bis Se­fa­se­bas
kon­kre­tu­li miz­nis mi­saR­we­vad. mos­wav­lis msje­lo­ba un­da em­ya­re­bo­des gar­kve­ul

42
 kri­te­ri­u­mebs. Se­fa­se­bis es kri­te­ri­u­mebi Se­iZ­le­ba dad­gin­des an Ta­vad mos­wav­
lis mi­er, an mas­wav­le­bel­ma Ses­Ta­va­zos. Se­fa­se­bis do­ne gu­lis­xmobs yve­la wi­na
sas­wav­lo miz­nis miR­we­vas, aseve Se­fa­se­biT msje­lo­ba­sa da das­kvne­bis ga­mo­ta­nas.

aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom sas­wav­lo miz­ne­bis do­ne­ebs az­rov­ne­bis do­ne­eb­Tan ai­gi­ve­ben. sas­

wav­lo pro­ces­Si ma­Ti dad­ge­nis yve­la­ze mo­xer­xe­bu­li sa­Su­a­le­ba sas­wav­lo kiT­xve­bia.
Ti­To­e­ul taq­so­no­mi­ur sa­fe­xurs sas­wav­lo kiT­xve­bis gar­kve­u­li ti­pi axa­si­a­Tebs. Se­sa­
ba­mi­sad, faq­teb­ze da mex­si­e­re­ba­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi ie­rar­qi­is yve­la­ze da­bal
sa­fe­xur­zea, xo­lo Se­fa­se­beb­ze da das­kvneb­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi ki az­rov­ne­bis
umaR­le­si sa­fe­xu­ris am­sax­vel kiT­xve­bad iT­vle­ba.
mas­wav­leb­lis mi­er Ser­Ce­u­li kiT­xve­bi gvam­cnobs im Ri­re­bu­le­bebs, rom­le­bic maT­Tvis
mniS­vne­lo­va­nia. Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, bav­Sve­bi yu­rad­Re­bas im Ri­re­bu­le­beb­ze amax­vi­le­ben, rom­
le­bic mas­wav­leb­lis­Tvi­saa fa­se­u­li. ma­ga­li­Tad, Tu mas­wav­le­be­li yovelTvis faq­teb­ze
ori­en­ti­re­bul kiT­xvebs iZ­le­va, mos­wav­le­e­bi cdi­lo­ben, mex­si­e­re­ba­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li
cod­na ga­mo­av­li­non. isi­ni xvde­bi­an, rom sxva­na­i­ri pa­su­xi mas­wav­leb­lis­Tvis Ri­re­bu­li
ar aris da ma­Ra­l Se­fa­se­bas ver da­im­sa­xu­re­ben.
aseT kiT­xvebs miC­ve­u­li mos­wav­le­e­bi cod­nis sxva do­ne­ze me­tad afa­se­ben faq­tob­riv
cod­nas da mas met yu­rad­Re­ba­sac aq­ce­ven. ara­da, ase­Ti cod­na yve­la­ze nak­le­bad uw­yobs
xels az­rov­ne­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bas. Se­iZ­le­ba iT­qvas, rom amiT mos­wav­le­e­bi Sec­do­ma­Si Seg­
vyavs. TviT faq­te­bis cod­nas fa­si ara aqvs, Tu­ki mos­wav­les ma­Ti ana­li­zis, sin­Te­zis,
in­teg­ri­re­bis una­ri ar ga­aC­nia da ar Se­uZ­lia ma­Ti ga­mo­ye­ne­ba.
faq­teb­ze ori­en­ti­re­bul kiT­xveb­ze pa­su­xi­sas mos­wav­le leq­si­ku­ri ma­ra­gis mxo­lod
yvelaze mcire nawils iye­nebs da Si­na­ar­si­a­ni sa­ub­ris war­mar­Tvis sa­Su­a­le­ba ara aqvs.
bev­ri mos­wav­le sa­ku­Tar Tav­Si avi­Ta­rebs faq­tob­ri­vi in­for­ma­ci­is swra­fi `ga­mo­Za­xe­
bis~ unars, ra­sac am in­for­ma­ci­is az­rSi CaR­rma­ve­ba su­lac ar sWir­de­ba. aseT mos­wav­les
Se­uZ­lia da­i­ze­pi­ros (da­ix­so­mos) in­for­ma­cia, mag­ram imis­Tvis, rom man ga­i­az­ros axa­li
in­for­ma­cia da Seavsos Zve­li ga­moc­di­le­ba da cod­na (Zve­lis da ax­lis gam­Tli­a­ne­ba), is
az­ri­an sa­u­bar­Si un­da iyos Cab­mu­li da Se­eZ­los az­ris sa­ku­Ta­ri sit­yve­biT gad­mo­ce­ma.
amis sa­Su­a­le­bas ki faq­teb­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi ar iZ­le­va.
mas­wav­leb­lis­Tvis Zal­ze mniS­vne­lo­va­nia imis ga­az­re­ba, rom kiT­xve­bis das­ma aris sxva­
das­xva do­ni­sa da sir­Tu­lis az­rov­ne­bis xel­Sem­wyo­bi sa­Su­a­le­ba da au­ci­le­be­li pi­ro­ba
(blu­mis taq­so­no­mi­ur do­ne­eb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bis da­xa­si­a­Te­bi­sas Zi­ri­Ta­dad
vey­rdno­biT `kri­ti­ku­li az­rov­ne­bis~ prog­ra­miT ga­mo­ce­mul sa­xel­mZRva­ne­lo­ebs).
faq­teb­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi (ra? vin? sad? ro­dis? ram­de­ni?) in­for­ma­ci­is
gax­se­ne­bas mo­iT­xovs. aseT kiT­xveb­ze pa­su­xi, ro­gorc we­si, TviT teq­stSia xol­me mo­ce­
mu­li. iT­vle­ba, rom mos­wav­le­ebs, ro­mel­Tac swav­la (ar ag­ve­ri­os dax­so­me­ba­Si) uWirT,
faq­teb­ze (mex­si­e­re­ba­ze) ori­en­ti­re­bu­li pa­su­xi uf­ro ead­vi­le­baT da mos­wonT. mag­ram,
ram­de­na­dac pa­su­xe­bi am kiT­xveb­ze, Cve­u­leb­riv, `swo­ria~ an `aras­wo­ri~, bevr mos­wav­les
isi­ni `sa­SiS~ kiT­xve­bad mi­aC­nia.
ga­ge­ba­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi mo­iT­xovs ma­sa­lis ar­sis wvdo­mas da aC­ve­nebs,
Tu ro­gor iq­na ga­ge­bu­li axa­li cne­ba Tu Te­ma. mos­wav­les mo­eT­xo­ve­ba, war­mo­id­gi­nos
si­tu­a­cia, su­ra­Ti an mov­le­na, rom­lis Se­sa­xe­bac is cod­nas iZens da aR­we­ros sa­ku­Ta­ri
sit­yve­biT, ax­snas, Tu ro­gor es­mis, ro­gor xe­davs, ro­gor gan­mar­tavs, ro­gor Sec­vlis,
ro­gor da­a­das­tu­rebs da a.S.
am do­ne­ze mu­Sa­o­bis pro­ces­Si mas­wav­le­be­li xSi­rad iye­nebs zmnebs: gan­mar­teT, ax­se­
niT, gad­mo­e­ciT de­da­az­ri, Ca­a­nac­vleT, ga­nas­xva­veT, mi­ak­vli­eT, Sec­va­leT fra­za, ga­i­
me­o­reT da sxv.
ga­mo­ye­ne­ba­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi mi­mar­Tu­lia imisken­, rom gam­JRav­ndes nas­wav­li
ma­sa­lis axal si­tu­a­ci­a­Si ga­mo­ye­ne­bis una­ri. kiT­xvis for­mi­re­bi­sas Se­iZ­le­ba mog­vi­wi­os

43
 Sem­de­gi kiT­xvi­Ti sit­yve­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba: ro­me­li? ro­go­ri? isini pir­ve­li (faq­teb­ze
ori­en­ti­re­bu­li) do­nis kiT­xveb­Si rom ar ag­ve­ri­os, sa­Wi­roa kar­gad da­vuk­vir­deT maTSi
ga­mo­sa­ye­ne­bel zmnebs. ese­nia: da­am­tki­ceT, da­ad­gi­neT, ga­moT­va­leT, mo­am­za­deT, ga­daw­
yvi­teT, aC­ve­neT, da­a­kav­Si­reT, aR­mo­a­Ci­neT, mi­u­sa­da­geT, ga­mo­i­ye­neT, ga­ar­kvi­eT da sxv.
ana­liz­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi av­lens, lo­gi­ku­rad aris Tu ara aR­we­ri­li mov­le­na;
Se­uZ­lia Tu ara mos­wav­les mTli­a­ni ma­sa­lis da­na­wi­le­ba ele­men­te­bad, ise rom naT­lad
ga­moC­ndes mTe­lis or­ga­ni­za­ci­u­li struq­tu­ra. Zi­ri­Ta­di kiT­xvaa – ra­tom? Se­saZ­loa,
mos­wav­les Se­ve­kiT­xoT, Tu ra iyo per­so­na­Jis qce­vis ga­mom­wve­vi mi­ze­ze­bi (e.i. ra­tom
mo­iq­ca ase?) an ra­tom mi­aC­nia esa Tu is Se­xe­du­le­ba uf­ro go­niv­ru­lad? mos­wav­lem un­da
mo­Zeb­nos Sec­do­me­bi, gan­sxva­ve­be­bi, ar­se­bi­Ti Tvi­se­be­bi.
kiT­xvis for­mu­li­re­bi­sas vi­ye­nebT zmnebs: ga­aa­na­li­zeT, da­ya­viT, ga­mo­ya­viT Zi­ri­Ta­
di, da­a­xa­si­a­TeT, da­a­xa­ris­xeT, ipo­veT, Se­a­pi­ris­pi­reT, gan­saz­RvreT da sxv.
sin­Tez­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi xels uw­yobs prob­le­me­bis Se­moq­me­de­biT ga­daW­ras
da­mo­u­ki­de­be­li az­rov­ne­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­biT. es kiT­xve­bi mos­wav­le­ebs na­wi­le­bis da­kav­Si­
re­bis da erT mTli­a­no­bad Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bis unars uvi­Ta­rebs. sin­Tez­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li
kiT­xve­bi mo­iT­xovs mos­wav­le­e­bis­gan, Seq­mnan al­ter­na­ti­u­li su­ra­Ti, ma­ga­li­Tad: ro­gor
fiq­robT, ri­si ga­ke­Te­ba Se­eZ­lo moT­xro­bis gmirs ube­du­re­bis Ta­vi­dan asa­ci­leb­lad?
an: ro­go­ri Se­iZ­le­bo­da yo­fi­li­yo ga­re­mo­e­be­bi, rom­le­bic qvey­nis­Tvis sa­si­ke­Tod Sec­
vli­da vi­Ta­re­bas? ama­ve ti­pis kiT­xvebs mi­e­kuT­vne­ba: ro­gor Se­a­mow­mebT am Se­xe­du­le­bas?
ro­gor Se­ad­gen­T cxrils am mo­na­ce­me­bis mi­xed­viT? ki­dev ro­gor Se­iZ­le­bo­da sa­kiT­xis
ga­daw­yve­ta? ra mox­de­ba, Tu?..
sin­Tez­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bis for­mu­li­re­bi­sas ga­mog­vad­ge­ba Sem­de­gi zmne­bi:
ga­na­zo­ga­deT, Se­ad­gi­neT, mo­i­fiq­reT, Se­a­ja­meT, da­geg­meT, ga­am­Tli­a­neT, ga­a­mar­ti­veT,
Se­a­mow­meT, da­aj­gu­feT da sxv.
Se­fa­se­ba­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi mo­iT­xovs mos­wav­le­e­bi­sa­gan, ga­a­ke­Ton das­kvna
imis Se­sa­xeb, Tu ra mi­aC­ni­aT swo­rad an aras­wo­rad, im­sje­lon, ram­de­nad faseulia ma­sa­la
mo­ce­mu­li miz­nis­Tvis. Se­fa­se­ba­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bis meS­ve­o­biT un­da ga­ir­kves,
ga­i­go Tu ara mos­wav­lem axa­li Temis Ri­re­bu­le­ba da Se­uZ­lia Tu ara im ax­lis in­teg­ri­
re­ba faseuloba­Ta mi­se­ul sis­te­ma­Si; e.i. sxva­na­i­rad rom vTqvaT: Se­Ze­ni­li in­for­ma­cia
ga­da­dis Tu ara WeS­ma­rit cod­na­Si, ro­me­lic Sec­vlis ama Tu im sakiTxisadmi mos­wav­lis
gan­wyo­ba-da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­bebs.
am ti­pis kiT­xve­bis Sed­ge­ni­sas ga­mog­vad­ge­ba zmne­bi: Se­a­fa­seT, awon-da­wo­neT, im­sjeleT,
ga­a­ke­TeT das­kvna, ga­ak­ri­ti­keT, uar­ya­viT da sxv.
faq­teb­ze ori­en­ti­re­bu­li kiT­xve­bi­dan uf­ro ma­Ral sa­fe­xu­reb­ze ga­das­vliT mos­wav­
le­e­bi xe­da­ven, rom mas­wav­le­be­li da­in­te­re­se­bu­lia ma­Ti az­rov­ne­bis una­ris gan­vi­Ta­
re­biT da afa­sebs am unars. mos­wav­le­e­bi xvde­bi­an, rom faq­tob­rivi in­for­ma­ci­is cod­na
ara­sak­ma­ri­sia, maT is un­da Se­iT­vi­son, ga­aa­na­li­zon da mo­ix­ma­ron, ra­Ta am cod­nam xe­li
Se­uw­yos maT pi­rov­nul gan­vi­Ta­re­bas da axa­li cod­nis Se­Ze­nas.

44
5.
gakveTilis dagegmva

rogor davgegmoT gakveTili?

sanam gakveTilis dagegmvaze muSaobas daiwyebT, moZebneT standartSi is Sedegebi da

indikatorebi, romlebzec gadis mocemuli Tema, konkretuli gakveTili (ix. miznebis
ruka) da dausviT sakuTar Tavs ori kiTxva:
1. rogor mivaRwio sasurvel Sedegs?
2. rogor gavigo, miRweulia Tu ara igi?

mizani

gakveTilis dagegmvisas, upirveles yovlisa, unda ganisazRvros gakveTilis mizani,

romelic, Tavis mxriv, gansazRvravs Sedegs – e.i. maswavlebelma winaswar unda gansaz-
Rvros, ras unda miaRwion misma moswavleebma am gakveTilze (gakveTilis konkretuli
da perspeqtiuli miznebi).

gakveTilis gegmaSi TvalnaTliv unda Candes:

• gakveTilis konkretuli miznebi;

• gakveTilis perspeqtiuli miznebi;
• ras veliT moswavleebisgan? ra codnasa da unar-Cvevebs SeiZenen isini am gakveTilze?

amocanebi

miznebis misaRwevad saWiroa garkveuli amocanebis dasaxva. rogoricaa:

1. gakveTilze Sesasrulebeli aqtivobebis gansazRvra;
2. samuSaos Sesrulebis etapebi;
3. miRebuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis warmoCena;
4. Sefasebis kriteriumebi.

aucilebeli pirobebi da resursebi

miznebis misaRwevad winaswar unda ganisazRvros, arian Tu ara moswavleebi mzad

dagegmili aqtivobebis Casatareblad. maswavlebelma winaswar unda gaTvalos, ra dro
da resursebi sWir­deba mas gegmis warmatebiT ganxorcielebisaTvis (saxelmZRvanelo,
sxvadasxva samecniero Tu SemecnebiTi literatura, samuSao sqemebi, TvalsaCinoebebi,
suraTebi, diagramebi, grafikebi, ilustraciebi da sxv.) e.i. unda ganisazRvros:
• gakveTilisTvis saWiro masala;
• Teoriuli da praqtikuli samuSaos ganxorcielebis etapebi.

45
 gakveTilis aRwera

maswavlebelma dawvrilebiT unda aRweros gakveTilis msvleloba, misi calkeuli

etapi, aqtivobebi, romlebic am gakveTilze sruldeba (Tu rogor axerxebs maswavle-
beli gakveTilis miznebis ganxorcielebas da ZiriTadad, ra aris misTvis yvelaze mniS-
vnelovani am gakveTilis msvlelobisas).

gakveTilis msvleloba

gegmis es nawili gulisxmobs gakveTilis detalur aRweras:

sasurvelia, maswavlebelma ise aRweros gakveTilis msvleloba, rom kolegam, Tu
moisurvebs, SeZlos SemoTavazebuli sagakveTilo modeliT sargebloba.
gegmaSi sasurvelia 3 mniSvnelovani fazis dawvrilebiTi aRwera:
1. Sesavali – gamowveva anu provocirebis etapi;
2. mTavari aqtivoba – ZiriTadi nawili, romelic Sinaarsis realizebas, sakiTxis arsSi
wvdomas emsaxureba;
3. daskvniTi nawili – gaazrebis etapi, romlis drosac unda moxdes gakveTilis msvle­
lobisas ganxiluli Temebis analizi da sinTezi, Sejereba, Sejameba da miRebuli
codnis ganmtkiceba.
sasurvelia, maswavlebelma winaswar dagegmos, ra dro dasWirdeba gakveTilis
TiToeul fazas (gakveTilis droSi ganawileba).
ganvixiloT TiToeuli etapi cal-calke:

Sesavali

gakveTilis Sesavali nawili, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba daiwyos wina gakveTilze

gan­xiluli Temis SexsenebiT (frontaluri kiTxvebiT). am etapze moswavlem unda aRidgi-
nos sakiT­xTan dakavSirebuli informacia, ganvlili masala, romelic TavisTavad xels
Seuwyobs moswavlis axali TemisTvis Semzadebas. mTavaria, winaswar gqondeT gansaz-
Rvruli:
• rogor gaacnoT moswavleebs gakveTilis miznebi da amocanebi?
• rogor SeZloT moswavleTa yuradRebis koncentracia, mobilizeba da motivacia?
• rogor daukavSiroT gakveTilis miznebi moswavleTa interess?

ZiriTadi nawili (Sinaarsis realizeba)

am etapis amocanaa, erTi mxriv, `gamowvevis~ etapze gaRvivebuli interesisa da impulsebis

SenarCuneba, meore mxriv, moswavleTa aqtivobebis xelSewyoba (diskusiaSi monawileoba,
kritikuli analizi, TvalsazrisTa Sepirispireba da Sejereba, alternatiuli gzebis
Zieba). am etapze mniSvnelovania:
• gakveTilis mTavari Temis gansazRvra;
• sagakveTilo procesis sainteresod warmarTvisTvis saWiro xerxebisa da meTodebis
SerCeva;
• moswavleebma SeZlon miRebuli codnis saWiroebisa da mniSvnelobis gacnobiereba.

46
daskvniTi nawili (refleqsia, gaazreba)

gakveTilis am nawilSi SeiZleba gamoikveTos ramdenime arsebiTi momenti:

gakveTilis am etapze xdeba moswavleTa mier miRebuli codnisa da informaciis gaaz-
reba da dasabuTeba; sakiTxisadmi sakuTari damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba; Tvalsaz-
risisa Tu informaciis interpretacia (sakuTari sityvebiT gadmocema).
moswavle yvelaze ukeT imas imaxsovrebs, rasac misTvis nacnob konteqstSi iTvisebs,
sakuTari sityvebiT gadmoscems da asabuTebs. aRqma maSin aris safuZvliani, rodesac
informacia konteqstur sqemaSi Tavsdeba.
am fazis meore amocanaa moswavleTa Soris azrTa jansaRi gacvla-gamocvla. refle-
qsiis dros diskusiaSi Cabma ara marto diskusiis monawileebs, aramed pasiur msmenel-
ebsac aZlevs saSualebas, gaigon, ifiqron da amis safuZvelze CamouyalibdeT, SeeqmnaT
sakuTari azri da damokidebuleba ganxiluli sakiTxis irgvliv. garda amisa, es aris
cvlilebebisa da rekonceptualizaciis safexuri swavlis procesSi. am stadiaze xdeba
axal-axali informaciis aTvisebis mravalgvar saSualebaTa gacnoba; es ukanaskneli
ufro moqnil konstruqciebs migvaaxloebs, romlebic moswavleebma momavalSi Sesa-
Zloa gacilebiT praqtikulad da mizanmimarTulad gamoiyenon.
garda amisa, gakveTilis daskvniT anu refleqsiis etapze unda ganisazRvros:
1. Sejamebis ra xerxs mimarTavT gakveTilis bolos?
2. rogor ganaxorcielebT ukukavSirs moswavleebTan?

Semdgomi gakveTilebi

gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli davalebas aZlevs moswavleebs: Sin kidev erTxel gaix-
senon, ra gaakeTes am gakveTilze, yuradRebiT gaecnon (waikiTxon) saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemul informacias (teqsti, wyaro) da Seasrulon saSinao davaleba.

47
 gakveTilis dagegmvis zogadi principebi

efeqtiani gakveTili rom davgegmoT, aucilebelia, Cveni saswavlo strategia moce-

mul klasSi moswavleTa swavlis stils SevuTavsoT. maswavleblis saswavlo strate-
giaSi igulisxmeba dasaxuli miznis Sesabamisad aqtivobebis (operaciebis) momzadebis
ostatoba. swavlis stili moswavleebs erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs. is axasiaTebs, ra
pirobebSi grZnobs TiToeuli moswavle komfortulad Tavs swavlis procesSi. klasSi
25 moswavlidan zogi pragmatistia (ukeT swavlobs dakvirvebiT), zogi Teoretikosi
(ukeT swavlobs azrovnebiT, fiqriT), zogi keTebisa da moqmedebis procesSia aqtiuri,
zogi warmodgenebisa da aRqmis gziT ukeT swavlobs. gakveTili efeqtiani rom gamo-
vides, yvela moswavlis swavlis stili, interesebi da SesaZleblobebi rac SeiZleba
maqsimalurad unda gaviTvaliswinoT.
amisaTvis, pirvel rigSi, swavleba/swavlis ori midgoma SeupirispireT erTma­neTs da
naxeT, Tqveni swavlebis stils am ori mdgomareobidan romeli arCe­va­ni ufro Seesabameba.

I midgoma II midgoma
maswavlebeli
(tradiciuli) (aqtiuri)
* unaris, niWis, kritikuli azro-
mizani * codnis gacema
vnebis ganviTareba

devizi * akeTe ise, rogorc me. * ifiqre, rogor gaakeTo.

mrwamsi * me Tqvenze aRmatebuli var. * me TqvenTan erTad var.

* vaswavli azrovnebasa da codnis

funqcia * gadavcem codnas.
SeZenas.

swavlebis stili * avtoritaruli * demokratiuli

urTierToba Cemsa
* monologi * dialogi
da moswavles Soris
* informaciuli, mTel klasTan * kvleva-ZiebiTi. wyvilebsa da
swavlebis upiratesi meTodi
erTdroulad jgufebSi

saswavlo Teoria * biheviorizmi * konstruqtivizmi

moswavleTa pozicia * pasiuri, uintereso * aqtiuri, iniciativiani

maswavleblisa da
* Tanabaria an Warbobs moswavlis
moswavleebis saubris xangrZli- * Warbobs maswavleblis saubari.
saubari.
voba
* saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad
saklaso dizaini * tradiciuli
cvalebadi
* saxelmZRvanelo da winaswar
swavlebis safuZveli * saxelmZRvanelo
SerCeuli saswavlo masalebi

Sefaseba * pasuxis `sizustis~ mixedviT * piradi aqtiurobis mixedviT

axla gaarCieT, ra gansxvavebaa saswavlo Teoriebs – biheviorizmsa da kon­stru­qtivizms

Soris. biheviorizmi mkacr disciplinasTan, codnis gadacemasTan, saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemuli masalis mTeli moculobiT aTvisebasa da savarji­SoebiT SeZenili codnis
ganmtkicebasTan asocirdeba. is swavlebisa da damaxso­vrebis Teoriaa.
konstruqtivizmi swavlisa da azrovnebis Teoriaa da miiCnevs, rom moswa­vle aqtiurad
swavlobs kvleva-Ziebisa da keTebis procesSi da TviTon `aSenebs~ codnas. `nawilebisgan
konstruqciis aSeneba~ piradi gamocdilebisa da sxve­bTan urTierTobis safuZvelze
xdeba.
axla is sasicocxlo, zogadi, praqtikuli unarebi CamovTvaloT, romlebic aucile-
blad unda SesZinos skolam 21-e saukunis axalgazrdas:

48
 – iazrovnos logikurad da kritikulad;
– Caswvdes mimarTebebs sagnebsa da movlenebs Soris;
– masalis damuSavebis, gagebis, analizisa da adekvaturi aRqmis safuZvelze gamoi-
tanos daskvna da miiRos gadawyvetileba;
– daZlios mavne Cvevebi. icxovros jansaRi wesiT.
– flobdes monacemTa Sedarebis, Segrovebisa da sxvadasxva saxiT warmodgenis
xerxebs;
– hqondes TanamSromlobisa da Tanadgomis unari da a.S.
axla sqematurad ganvixiloT Tanamedrove gakveTilis struqtura da vawarmo­oT
meTodologiuri gansja: rogor gadavideT swavlebidan swavlaze, maxsov­ro­bidan –
azrovnebaze.

gakveTilis struqtura

msvlelobis mixedviT Sinaarsis mixedviT etapebi

* Sesavali * motivacia (ganwyobis Seqmna) * sakiTxis dasma/warmodgena

* aqtivobebi
mTel klasTan * siRrmiseuli wvdoma * sakiTxis ganviTareba/aTviseba
individualurad
wyvilSi * gaazreba (refleqsia) * codnis gamoyeneba/integracia
jgufSi
* analizi, Sejameba

rCevebi maswavlebels efeqtiani gakveTilis dasagegmad

gakveTilze saswavlo procesis dasagegmad maswavleblis upirvelesi amocana gakveTi-

lis miznis arsis gagebaa.
gakveTilis saswavlo miznebi gamoxatavs, ra codna da unarebi unda SeiZinon moswav-
leebma.
ra Sedegs unda miaRwion moswavleebma swavlis procesSi, gansazRvrulia erovnul
saswavlo gegmaSi yvela saganSi/sagnobriv jgufSi klasebis mixedviT. Sedegis miRwevas
adasturebs Sedegis qvemoT mocemuli indikatorebi. maswavleblis wignSi mocemuli
Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka uCvenebs, romeli Sedegis misaRwevad aris saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemuli paragrafi da romeli indikatorebiT dasturdeba gakveTilis bolos Sede-
gis miRweva.
rodis aris gakveTilis mizani sworad SerCeuli? mizani sworad aris SerCeuli, Tu:
* gamomdinareobs sagnobrivi standartis misaRwevi Sedegebidan.
* qmnis safuZvels moswavleTa progresis SemowmebisTvis.
* exmareba maswavlebels TviTSefasebaSi.
* warmoadgens saswavlo savarjiSoebis CarCos.
yvelaferi zemoT aRniSnuli miiRweva, rodesac moswavleebi gakveTilze gaakeTeben
imas, rasac Txoulobs Sedegebis qvemoT CamoTvlili indikatorebi. Tu maT yuradRebiT
CaikiTxavT, naxavT, rom gakveTilis mizani klasikuri samkuTxedis saxiT SegiZliaT
warmoidginoT:

49
 codna
(aRweren, axsnian, CamoTvlian, gaigeben...)

unarebi ganwyoba-damokidebuleba
(Seadareben, Seqmnian, gaaa­ (Seafaseben, SearCeven, Secvlian...)
nalizeben, gamoikvleven...)

gakveTilis zogad mizanSi unda Candes, ra codna da unar-Cvevebi unda misceT

moswavleebs, specifikurSi ki – ra konkretuli amocanebi unda ganaviTaroT amisT-
vis. magaliTad, Tu CaTvliT, rom saswavlo problema fiqrisa da azrovnebis procesSi
unda gadawydes, Sesabamisi situaciuri amocana an savarjiSo unda SearCioT. masalis
vizualizaciisTvis rukebis, grafikebis, naxatebis Seqmna dagWir­debaT; praqtikuli
unar-Cvevebis formireba rogorc davalebebis SesrulebiT, ise roluri TamaSebiTa
da warmosaxviTi eqsperimentebiT SeiZleba. sakuTari ganwyoba-damokidebulebebis
gamosaxatavad moswavles saubris, simReris, keTebis saSualebac unda misceT.
zemoT aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, gakveTilis dagegmvis win maswavlebelma
meTodologiuri gansja unda awarmoos:

mTavari kiTxva
damatebiTi kiTxvebi gansjisTvis:
gansjisTvis:
* ra movamzade gakveTilis dawyebis win swavlis ganwyobis Sesa­
qmnelad? wignSi aris Sesabamisi aqtivoba Tu me unda movZebno?
* aqtivobebis dagegmvisas gaviTvaliswino: rac vuTxari, mois-
ras gaakeTebs bavSvi gakveTilze?
mina? Tu moismina, gaigo? Tu gaigo, miiRo? Tu miiRo, SeuZlia
swavlobs codnis SeZenas?
praqtikulad gamoiyenos? ganwyoba xom ar daikarga?
agrovebs codnas?
* a ris saxelmZRvaneloSi masala, romelic amzadebs moswavles:
a) saxlSi kvlevis gasagrZeleblad?
b) axal masalaze gadasasvlelad? Tu ar aris, me riT davexmarebi?

kiTxvebi, romlebic daismis swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebiT gakveTilis dagegmvis

win, bevria da rTuli. am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema skolaSi kolegebTan TanamSromlo-
biT, azrisa da gamocdilebis gaziarebiT ukeT SeiZleba.
gakveTilis mizani gansazRvravs aqtivobebis Sinaarss. aqtivobebis SerCevisas miznis
misaRwevad winaswar unda moifiqroT:
* romeli/ramdeni aqtivobis Catareba dagWirdebaT da rogori TanmimdevrobiT.
* aris Tu ara sawyisi/Sesavali aqtivoba samotivacio, e.i. moemsaxureba Tu ara is moswav-
leTa dainteresebas swavlis procesSi CasarTavad da Seasrulebs Tu ara momdevno
aqtivobebTan damakavSirebel rols.
* aris Tu ara momdevno aqtivobebi moswavlis swavlaze orientirebuli, ganmaviTa-
rebeli, SemoqmedebiTi.
* iZleva Tu ara Semajamebeli aqtivoba saSualebas, gakveTilis bolos Semowmdes
moswavleTa prog­resi da Sefasdes gakveTilis xarisxi (ramdenad miaRwies moswav-
leebma da maswavleblebma dasaxul miznebs).
aqtivobebis SerCevis paralelurad, mniSvnelovania moswavleTa organizaciis for-
mis dagegmva da drois ganawileba. saswavlo miznis miRwevis maCvenebeli indikatore-

50
bi garkveulwilad migvaniSnebs, rogor vamuSaoT moswavleebi: mTel klasTan erTad,
individualurad, wyvilebad Tu jgufebad. rac metad SesabamisobaSi iqneba aqtivobis
organizaciis forma moswavleTa SesaZleblobebTan da swavlis stilTan, miT realu-
rad SeamowmebT gakveTilze moswavleTa progress da gaanawilebT maT Sesasruleblad
gankuTvnil dros. dro TiToeuli aqtivobisTvis winaswar igegmeba, Tumca swavlis
procesSic SesaZlebelia masSi cvlilebebi SeitanoT. gansakuTrebiT yuradRebamis-
aqcevia drois ganawileba jgufuri muSaobisTvis, rodesac saWiroa samuSaos dagegmva,
monacemebis organizeba da warmodgena. unda gaiTvaliswinoT, rom swored jgufuri
muSaobisas yalibdeba moswavleebSi TanamSromlobis, piradi da gunduri pasuxismge-
blobis, jansaRi konkurenciis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis/dasabuTebis da sxva zogadi
unar-Cvevebi. Tu samuSao kvleviTi an SemoqmedebiTia, TiToeuli davalebis Sesrulebi-
sTvis gankuTvnili drois gaTvla (ar darCes zedmeti an ar daakldes) faqtobrivad
ganapirobebs miznis miRwevas.
gakveTilze swavlis procesis efeqtianad warmarTva SeuZlebelia saswavlo
resursebis gamoyenebis gareSe. gakveTilis mizani gvikarnaxebs, ra tipis resursiT
mivaRwevT ukeTes Sedegs: adamianuri (sxva maswavlebeli, sazogadoebis wevri...), sain-
formacio (saxelmZRvaneloebi, statiebi, samuSao furclebi...), vizualuri (plakatebi,
sqemebi, fotoebi, modelebi...) Tu audiovizualuri (kompiuteri, videokamera...). mza
resursebze aranakleb efeqturia resursebis Seqmna. resursis moZieba-Seqmna SeiZleba
klasSi, skolaSi, lokalur an globalur garemoSi, xolo Seqmnili resursis srulyofa-
ganviTareba – klasSi an gakveTilebis Semdeg skolaSi TanamSromlobiT, gamocdilebis
gaziarebiTa da efeqtianobis SemowmebiT. ra tipis resursis gamoyenebas – Seqmnas, moZie-
bas – SevZlebT, es gansazRvravs dasagegmi praqtikuli savarjiSoebis CarCos.
yvela gakveTils sWirdeba Sefaseba.
Sefaseba aris monitoringisa da Semowmebis safuZvelze gamotanili daskvna, romelic
daafiqsirebs TiToeuli moswavlis warmatebasa da progress gakveTilis bolos (zoga-
dad, swavlis garkveul etapze).
Sefasebis axali sistema efuZneba monitoringisa da Semowmebis procesebs.
monitoringSi igulisxmeba TiToeuli moswavlis warmatebasa da progresze mudmivi
Tvalyuris devnebisa da faqtebis mogrovebis procesi.
monitoringi saWiroa imisTvis, rom maswavlebelma Seiswavlos TiToeuli moswav-
lis swavlis stili, SesaZleblobebi, interesebi, saWiroebebi da, Sesabamisad, Seitanos
cvlilebebi gakveTilis dagegmvaSi. Zalze mniSvnelovania, gakveTilis msvlelobisas
uSualo urTierToba gqondeT TiToeul moswavlesTan da yuradReba gaunawiloT yvelas.
Semowmeba aris TiToeuli moswavlis miRwevebisa da progresis (agreTve, zo­ga­dad,
swavlis procesis) Sesaxeb monacemebis Segrovebis procesi. risTvis vagrovebT am mona-
cemebs?
monacemebis safuZvelze maswavlebeli gamoavlens swavlis xelSemwyob da xelSemSlel
faqtorebs. Semowmebis Sedegebi faqtobrivad `iZleva~ rCevebs, gvaCvenebs saSuale-
bebs Sedegebis gasaumjobeseblad. pedagogiur praqtikaSi gamoyenebuli Semowmebis
xerxebia: dakvirveba, gamokiTxva, konsultacia, saubari, testireba, CaTvla, gamocda.
ra formiT mimdinareobs Semowmeba – zepiri, werilobiTi (komentariT) Tu konkretul
situaciaSi moqmedebis Sesaxeb Canaweris warmoebiT, damokidebulia miznis Sinaarsze.
Sesabamisad SeirCeva Semowmebis saSualebebi: kiTxvebi, testebi, rveulSi Cawerili mona-
cemebi, namuSevrebis krebulebi, proeqtebi da sxv.
arsebiTia, gaviazroT, rom monitoringisa da Semowmebis safuZvelze maswavleb-
lis mier moswavlis mimdinare Sefaseba xdeba ara mxolod qulebis dasawe­rad, aramed
TiToeuli moswavlis drois ganmavlobaSi ganviTarebis misaRwevad, Secdomis gasas-
woreblad, Sedegis gasaumjobeseblad. aseTi midgomiT droTa ganmavlobaSi TiToeul

51
 moswavleSi yalibdeba urTierTisa da TviTSefasebis unar-Cvevac: moswavle aqtiurad
monawileobs gakveTilis srulyofaSi, problemebis gamoyofasa da Sefasebis krite-
riumebis/sqemis SedgenaSi.
mocemuli msjelobidan gamomdinareobs gakveTilis dagegmvis aseTi sqema:

gakveTilze misaRwevi Sedegebi indikatorebi

mizani/miznebi

aqtivobebi (organizacia, dro)

resursebi (klasisa da TiToeuli mos­

wavlisaTvis)

Sefaseba

gakveTilis efeqtiani dagegmvisTvis SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT cxrili, romlis Sedge-

naSi dagexmarebaT yoveli gakveTilis win da bolos saazrovno unare­bis ganviTarebis
Sesabamisad sakuTari TavisTvis dasmuli kiTxvebi:
1. ra masalas iswavlian, romel qmedebebs Seasruleben moswavleebi, ra Sedegs unda
mivaRwio, Sefasebis romeli forma SevarCio?
2. rogor vamuSao moswavleebi miznis misaRwevad? ras gavakeTeb me da ras gaakeTeben
Cemi moswavleebi?
3. risTvis da visTvis gaakeTeben amas moswavleebi?
4. ratom SevarCie aseTi aqtivobebi? kidev romeli aqtivobebis gamoyeneba SemiZlia?
ratom SevarCieT msgavsi/gansxvavebuli aqtivobebi me da saxelmZRvanelos avtorma?
5. ra moxdeba, Tu aqtivobebis raodenobas, Tanmimdevrobas Sevcvli da savar­ji­So­ebs
azrobrivad gavaerTianeb? riT davasabuTeb Cems arCevans?
6. romel da ramden moswavleze velodebodi Sedegis (miznis) miRwevas da ra miviRe?
ra cvlilebebis Setanas mTxovs miRweuli Sedegi (Sefaseba)?

saswavlo
moswavleTa drois Semowmeba/
mizani/ Tema aqtivobebi resursebi
organizeba ganawileba Sefaseba
miznebi

52
saswavlo garemo

saswavlo garemos mowyobas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs saswavlo procesSi, gansakuTrebiT

ki, dawyebiT klasebSi, maTi asakobrivi Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare. saswavlo garemo
ise unda iyos mowyobili, rom xels uwyobdes saswavlo procesis efeqtianobis amaR-
lebas, moswavleTa damoukidebel da SemoqmedebiT muSaobas, swavlebis organizacias
da sagnisadmi interesis gaRvivebas.
saswavlo garemos mowyoba sakmaod rTuli, kompleqsuri sistemaa da moicavs rogorc
saklaso oTaxis fizikur maxasiaTeblebs (mag., ganaTeba, temperatura, saswavlo aveji
da sxv.), ise swavlebisaTvis saWiro sxvadasxva saxis resursebs (mag., saprezentacio da
saeqspozicio masalebs, mowyobilobebs, saswavlo-meTodur kompleqtebs, maketebsa
da modelebs, koleqciebsa da sxv.).
saswavlo garemosa da sworad SerCeuli resursebis saSualebiT maswavlebelma unda
SeZlos moswavleSi sagnis interesis aRZvra, gaaRvivos kvlevis survili da Seuqmnas
mas iseTi mimzidveli da praqtikuli garemo, sadac is SeZlebs muSaobasa da swavlas.
klasSi unda arsebobdes individualuri da jgufuri muSaobisaTvis, kvlevisaTvis,
dasvenebisa da TamaSisaTvis saWiro pirobebi.
saswavlo resursebi saswavlo procesSi unda iZleodes stimuls, aadvilebdes klasSi
muSaobas da saswavlo process ufro dinamikursa da interaqtiurs xdides. resursebis
gulisyuriT SerCevas, Sesabamisi saxiT wardgenas da maT miznobriv gamoyenebas gansa-
kuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs bunebismetyvelebis swavlebis procesSi.
sxvadasxva saxis saswavlo resursi is sakomunikacio saSualebaa, romelmac moswav-
leebSi unda ganaviTaros azrovneba, SemoqmedebiToba, dakvirveba, kvleva, esTetikuri
gemovneba da sxv. aseve xeli unda Seuwyos moswavleebSi informaciis vizualurad miRe-
basa da gagebas, swavlis, analizis, kvlevisa da sxva unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebasa gan-
viTarebas.
damxmare saSualebebis, masalebisa da resursebis saWiroebisamebr gamoyeneba imazea
damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba isini gakveTilis mizans. amitom maswavlebelma
gakveTilis dagegmvis dros, pirvel rigSi, unda gaiTvaliswinos, ra saxis resursebi
sWirdeba da rogor gamoiyenos isini miznobrivad da efeqtianad.
saganmanaTleblo resursebis Sesafaseblad metad mniSvnelovania iseTi kriteri-
umebis gaTvaliswineba, rogorebicaa: saWiroeba (ra resursebia saWiro saswavlo pro-
cesis uzrunvelsayofad?), xelmisawvdomoba (ra resursebia xelmisawvdomi saklaso
oTaxSi, skolaSi, sazogadoebaSi?), Senaxvis uzrunvelyofa (rogor inaxeba resursebi
da ramdenadaa isini daculi saklaso oTaxSi, skolaSi?), maTi usafrTxo moxmareba
(usafrTxoebis ra zomebis dacvaa saWiro) da daxmareba (ra saxis daxmarebaa saWiro?).
warmatebuli da Sedegze orientirebuli swavlebisaTvis gamosayenebeli saganmana-
Tleblo resursebis efeqtianobis Sesamowmeblad mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma
gaiTvaliswinos ramdenime faqtori, kerZod, ramdenad SesaZlebelia maTi daxmarebiT:
1. gavuRvivoT moswavleebs swavlis survili (ra aris resursebSi iseTi, rac xels Seu-
wyobs moswavleebis motivacias, interess?);
2. moswavleebma SeZlon swavla keTebiT (ra aris resursebSi iseTi, rac xels Seuwyobs
swavlas gamocdilebis safuZvelze, praqtikiT);
3. moswavleebma SeZlon ukugeba (rogori iqneba am resursebis gamoyenebisas ukugeba,
e.i. gaacnobiereben Tu ara moswavleebi, rogor mimdinareobs swavlebis procesi
klasSi, ra iswavles erTmaneTisgan da maswavleblisgan?);
4. moswavleebma SeZlon masalis aTviseba (xels Seuwyobs Tu ara es resursi naswavlis
ufro ukeT gaazreba-gagebas?).
saswavlo garemosa da resursebis Seqmnis procesSi metad mniSvnelovania Tavad

53
 moswavleebis CarTvac. bunebismcodneobis sagnis specifikidan gamomdinare, moswavleebs
Tavad, maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT SeuZliaT Seqmnan sxvadasxva saxis resursi. mag.,
cocxali kuTxe, sadac isini Tavs mouyrian sxvadasxva mcenares, moawyoben akvariums
da, rac mTavaria, Tavadve mouvlian maT. aseve TviTon SeuZliaT Seqmnan herbariumi,
naturaluri obieqtebis koleqciebi, modelebi, maketebi da sxva damxmare masalebi
(amonabeWdebi Jurnal-gazeTebidan, wignebi da a.S.). amave dros SeiZleba `stumris~
(mowveuli mecnieris, specialistis da a.S.) konsultaciebis gamoyenebac.
moswavleTa, maswavleblisa da mSoblebis erToblivi ZalisxmeviT saklaso oTaxSi
SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas e.w. `sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa centri~, sadac Segrovdeba
sagnis swavlebisaTvis saWiro da gamosadegi sagnebi, maT Soris iseTebic, romelTa
meoreuli gadamuSavebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba maTi gakveTilze gamoyeneba (mag., plas-
tikatis sxvadasxva nivTebi, qaRaldebi da sxv.).
amave dros `sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa centri~ SeiZleba iyos kompleqsuri
proeqti, romelic gaaerTianebs sxvadasxva saskolo sagnebs da stimuls miscems moswav-
leTa mravalferovan da SemoqmedebiT saqmianobas. mag., axlomdebare garemos Seswavla,
misi fotografireba da agegmva, cxovelTa ConCxebis damzadeba da fitulebis Seqmna,
herbariumebis Sedgena; mocemul garemoSi janmrTelobis pirobebis, am garemos dan-
agvianebis da danagvianebis wyaroebis analizi, praqtikuli ekologiuri saqmianobis
dagegmva da ganxorcieleba; gamofenebis mowyoba adamianis sacxovrebel konkretul
garemosa da masSi cxovrebis Temaze; zogadi da konkretuli martivi rukebis damza-
deba da sxv.
saklaso garemos mowyobis dros metad mniSvnelovania misi sivrciTi organizacia.
maswavlebelma, gakveTilis miznidan gamomdinare, ise unda moawyos saklaso garemo,
rom xeli Seewyos saswavlo miznis miRwevaSi. mag., Tu saWiroa, gakveTilze moswavleebma
erToblivi TanamSromlobiT Caataron raime kvleva, isini ise unda dajgufdnen, rom
maTTvis mosaxerxebeli iyos erToblivi muSaoba.
saklaso oTaxSi, aucilebel avejTan erTad, sasurvelia, maswavlebels hqondes
karadebi da Taroebi, romelTa gamoyeneba SeiZleba rogorc resursebis Senaxvis, ise
zogierT SemTxvevaSi raimes gamofenis mizniT. saswavlo resursebis Sesanaxad aseve
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas carieli yuTebi, romlebSic Caewyoba danomrili masalebi.
maT zemodan daekvreba Sesabamisi etiketi.
dawyebiT klasebSi, bunebismcodneobis sagnis swavlebis specifikidan gamomdinare,
gansakuTrebiT didi yuradReba unda mieqces saswavlo resursebis sistematizacias
da iseT adgilas ganlagebas, rom maTi gamoyeneba nebismier dros xelmisawvdomi da
advili iyos.
maswavlebels resursebis droulad da miznobrivad moZebna rom gauadvildes,
sasurvelia, hqondes maTi inventarizaciis furceli, romelzec aRwerili iqneba am
resursebis CamonaTvali, dasaxeleba, raodenoba da Senaxvis adgili. amasTan, metad
mniSvnelovania, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi maswavlebelma gadaxedos Senaxul masalebs
da is, ris gamoyenebac ukve aRar SeiZleba an moZvelda, axliT Caanacvlos.

54
meToduri rekomendacia specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe-
bis mqone moswavleTa saganmanaTleblo procesSi CarTvis Tao-
baze

swavlisas bevri bavSvi ganicdis swavlasTan dakavSirebul sirTuleebs, rac SeiZleba

gamowveuli iyos moswavlis fizikuri, inteleqtualuri, socialuri, emociuri, lingvis-
turi Tu sxva mdgo­mareobiT. qveynis saganmanaTleblo sistemis valdebulebas ki war-
moadgens moZebnos yvela bavSvis warmatebiT swavlebis gzebi.
inkluziuri ganaTleba specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavlee-
bis saganmanaTleblo procesSi CarTvas niSnavs. misi mizania am bavSvebis ganaTlebis
xelSewyoba, maTi integracia, SesaZleblobebis gamovlena da ganviTareba. sityva
„inkluzia“ CarTvas niSnavs, rogorc cneba is me-20 saukunis meore naxevarSi, SezRuduli
Se­saZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis konteqstSi gaCnda.
inkluziuri ganaTlebis mizania, yvela bavSvs mieces Tanabari SesaZlebloba Tana-
tolebTan erTad swavlisa da xarisxiani ganaTlebis miRebis sacxovrebel adgilTan
axlos.
inkluziuri ganaTleba moiTxovs mTlianad skolis da sagnis maswavleblis dauRa-
lav Sromas imisTvis, rom gaaZlieros da ganaviTaros specialuri saganmanaTleblo
saWiroebebis mqone moswavlis SesaZleblobebi, gaaumjobesos misi akademiuri da social-
uri unar-Cvevebi, moamzados moswavle damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis da aqtiurad
Seuwyos xeli sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad mis Camoyalibebas.
inkluziuri ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso modelis mixedviT, specialuri saganmana-
Tleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavle zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis da klasis sru-
luflebiani wevria. is srulad unda monawileobdes saskolo da saklaso aqtivobebSi.
saxelmZRvaneloSi sakmaod bevri iseTi davaleba da savarjiSoa, romelic maswavleb-
els SeuZlia gamoiyenos specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavlee-
bTan. mag.: davalebebi, ro­melTa Sesruleba moiTxovs daxatvas, gamoZerwvas, suraTebis
aRweras an maT mixedviT raime ambis Sedgenas da sxv.
aseve damatebiT damxmare saSualebad SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT erovnuli saswavlo
gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier gamocemuli wignebi:
1. `inkluziuri ganaTleba – viswavloT erTad~
wignSi warmodgenilia is sakiTxebi, romlebic gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebis ganaTlebisa da maTi
socialuri integraciis procesSi. wignSi ganxilulia inkluziuri ganaTlebis prin-
cipebi da saswavlo strategiebi.
2. `inkluziuri ganaTleba – gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisaTvis~
es damxmare saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia zogadsaganmanaTleblo da specialize-
buli skolebis maswavleblebis, administraciisa da inkluziuri ganaTlebis sferoSi
momuSave yvela specialistisTvis.
3. broSura `hiperaqtiuroba da yuradRebis deficiti~
broSuraSi ganxilulia hiperaqtiurobisa da yuradRebis deficitis mqone moswav-
leebis swavlebis Taviseburebani.
4. `swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone moswavleTa swavleba~
mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia zogadsaganmanaTleblo da specializebuli
skolis yvela maswavleblisTvis, romelic aswavlis swavlis unaris ama Tu im xarisxis
darRvevis mqone moswavles. saxelmZRvanelo saintereso iqneba, aseve, dRis movlis
centrebisa da instituciebSi myofi bavSvebis pedagogebisa da aRmzrdelebisTvis.
5. `inkluziuri ganaTlebis cnobari~
wignebi gankuTvnilia zogadsaganmanaTleblo da specializebuli skolis yvela

55
 maswavleblisTvis, romelic aswavlis swavlis unaris ama Tu im xarisxis darRvevis
mqone moswavles.

klasSi specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis yofnis SemTxveva-

Si, maswavleblis umTavres amocanas sagakveTilo procesSi yvela moswavlis Tanabari
CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa da TiToeuli moswavlisTvis dasaxuli miznis Sesabamisi
codnis gadacema warmoadgens. pedagogma es unda SeZlos, miuxedavad imisa, rom is gan-
sxvavebul moswavleebTan gansxvavebuli strategiebiT da gegmiT muSaobs.
magaliTad, dasaSvebia, rom maswavleblis mizani – pirvelklaseli moswavleebisTvis
iyos dafidan martivi winadadebebis gadaweris unaris ganviTareba; maTi Tanaklaseli
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlisTvis dasaxul mizans ki war-
moadgendes weris winmswrebi figurebis xatvis unaris ganviTareba. dauSvebelia, rom
maswavlebeli klasis umravlesi moswavleebisTvis gegmavdes miznis Sesabamis aqtivobas
– dafaze werdes winadadebebs, moswavleebi mas iwerdnen rveulSi; specialuri sagan-
manaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavle ki am dros uqmad ijdes da ar iyos CarTuli
raime saxis werilobiT aqtivobaSi. swori iqneba, Tuki paralelurad maswavlebeli
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavles geometriuli figurebis
gaferadebas an gadaxatvas daavalebs. metic, maswavlebeli SeiZleba mis gverdiTac
darCes, sanam sxva moswavleebi weren da specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
moswavle waaxalisos davalebis Sesrulebis procesSi.
imavdroulad, maswavlebeli unda ecados, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe-
bis mqone moswavlisTvis SerCeuli aqtivobebi ar iyos gakveTilis konteqstidan da
sagakveTilo Temidan amovardnili, miuxedavad imisa, rom SesaZlebelia sxva moswav-
leebis miznebisgan sruliad gansxvavebul mizans emsaxurebodes.
magaliTad, maswavleblis mizania meoreklasel moswavles ganuviTaros nacnob Tema-
tikaze Seqmnili mcire zomis sabunebismetyvelo teqstebis gagebis da gadmocemis unari;
sagakveTilo Tema `yvavilze~ muSaobis dros, Sesabamisad, maswavlebeli Tavis moswav-
leebs am Temis Seswavlas da SesaZloa TxrobiT gadmocemas sTxovs. gamarTlebuli
iqneba, Tuki maswavlebeli specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavles
sTxovs misTvis nacnobi yvavilebis dasaxelebas (es aqtivoba sagakveTilo konteqsts
exmaureba). Sesabamisad, Tuki maswavlebeli moswavleebs aRniSnul teqstze muSaobas da
sxvadasxva savarjiSos Sesrulebas mosTxovs, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavles SesaZlebelia yvavilebis daxatva daavalos.
am midgomis gamoyenebisas mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma yoveli aqtivoba spe-
cialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis SesaZleblobebis da dasaxuli
miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT gansazRvros da ar daiviwyos mTavari principi – miuxedavad
gansxvavebuli miznebisa, man unda uzrunvelyos TiToeuli moswavlis Tanabari Car-
Tuloba sagakveTilo procesSi da aqtivobebSi.
idealuri iqneba, Tuki maswavlebeli moaxerxebs, specialuri saganmanaTleblo
saWiroebis mqone moswavlis SesaZleblobebis da miznebis gaTvaliswinebas da Tavisi
sagakveTilo procesis imgvarad dagegmvas, rom specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe-
bis mqone moswavle zustad imave sagakveTilo aqtivobebSi iyos CarTuli da im xan-
grZlivobiT, rogorc misi sxva Tanaklaselebi. magaliTad, Tuki maswavleblis erTi
konkretuli dRis sagakveTilo ganrigi iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa zepir gamokiTxvas,
maswavlebelma zepiri gamokiTxvis procesSi specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavlec unda CarTos (oRond Sesabamisad SerCeuli meTodiT); Tuki darCenili
sagakveTilo procesi saklaso weriT aqtivobas an savarjiSoebis Sesrulebas eTmoba,
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlemac unda ganaxorcielos
Sesabamisi aqtivoba, Tumca SesaZlebelia, rom, roca sxvebi weren, man xatos, rogorc
es wina magaliTSi aris gansazRvruli.

56
 arsebuli realobidan gamomdinare, sagakveTilo procesis amgvarad dagegmva yov-
elTvis ar xerxdeba da xSirad gamarTlebulia, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavlis zepiri gamokiTxva swored maSin ganxorcieldes, rodesac misi Tanak-
laselebi weren. ase maswavlebeli ufro koncentrirdeba am moswavleze; an piriqiT,
gamarTlebulia moswavlem xatos maSin, rodesac sxvebis zepiri gamokiTxva xorcieldeba.
am SemTxvevaSi, mTavaria, rom maswavleblis mier SerCeuli strategia winaswar kargad
iyos mofiqrebuli da iTvaliswinebdes moswavlis SesaZleblobebs, klasis struqturas
da sagakveTilo process.
mTavaria, rom maswavlebelma ar dauSvas specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavlis uqmad jdoma gakveTilze, maSin rodesac misi Tanaklaselebi masSi
aqtiurad monawileoben.
calkeul SemTxvevebSi aucilebeli xdeba, moswavlisTvis gakveTilze klasis
aqtivobebisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli aqtivobebis SeTavazebac. magaliTad, dasaS-
vebia, moswavles maswavlebelma dafis gawmenda daavalos, maSin rodesac klasis sxva
moswavleebi sakontrolos weren an moswavlem bunebis gakveTilze xatos da aferados,
maSin roca misi Tanaklaselebi sxvadasxva zepir da weriT aqtivobas axorcieleben.
amgvari aqtivobebi xSir SemTxvevaSi moswavlis sagakveTilo procesis miCvevis da qcevis
wesebis gamomuSavebis saSualebaa. mTavaria, yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi moswavlisT-
vis saintereso aqtivobebi SeirCes da sxva moswavleebis mxridan zedmeti interesis
gamo, sagakveTilo procesis CaSla ar gamoiwvios. amgvari aqtivobebis gamoyenebisas
gadamwyvetia, rom moswavles es aqtivobebi davalebis saxiT maswavleblisgan mieces
(e.i. xatva wamoiwyos, imitom rom maswavlebelma daavala, da ara imitom, rom mas ase
mounda) da gakontroldes gakveTilis msvlelobisas.

individualuri saswavlo gegma

moswavlisTvis individualuri saswavlo gegmis Seqmnis aucileblobis Sesaxeb dgeba

sakiTxi, Tuki moswavles: a) specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroeba aqvs da regularu-
lad saWiroebs gansxvavebul midgomebs swavlebisas da Sefasebisas. b) ar aReniSneba
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroeba, Tumca garkveuli mizezebis gamo (xangrZlivi
avadmyofoba), garkveuli droiT saWiroebs specialur saswavlo programas.
individualuri saswavlo gegma specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
moswavlis saganmanaTleblo da saskolo aqtivobebSi CarTvis SesaZleblobaa. indi-
vidualuri saswavlo gegma iZleva saSualebas, moswavleze orientirebulad daigeg-
mos drois is yoveli monakveTi, romelsac moswavle saskolo sivrceSi gaatarebs an
dauTmobs saswavlo saqmianobebs skolaSi Tu saxlSi. individualuri saswavlo gegma
aris saxelmZRvanelo dokumenti, imisaTvis, rom moswavle meqanikurad ar imyofebodes
saskolo sivrceSi, rac ase xSirad xdeboda am ukanasknel wlebSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom individualuri saswavlo gegma, xels uwyobs moswavlis CarTulobas
ara mxolod saklaso da akademiur saqmianobebSi, aramed misis meSveobiT xdeba yvela im
araakademiuri saqmianobebis moazrebac, romlis ganxorcielebac moswavles uwevs skolaSi
da rac aranakleb mniSvnelovania. aseTi aqtivobebia tualetis moxmareba, bufetSi sadi-
lis mirTmeva TanaklaselebTan erTad, dasvenebebze garTobis SesaZlebloba da sxva.
individualuri saswavlo gegma es aris dokumenti, romelSic gansazRvrulia indi-
vidualuri saswavlo miznebi moswavlis individualuri saWiroebebis, misi Zlieri da
susti mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT. individualur saswavlo gegmaSi gansazRvruli sas-
wavlo miznebi SesaZlebelia gansxvavebuli iyos moswavlis safexuris Sesabamisi sas-
wavlo programis miznebisgan. Sesabamisad, individualur saswavlo gegmaSi dasaxuli

57
 saswavlo miznebis ganxorcieleba swavlebis specifikuri strategiebis da procesis
gansazRvras gulisxmobs.
mniSvnelovania, es procesi zogadsaganmanaTleblo saswavlo procesisagan mowyveti-
lad da sxva moswavleebisgan izolirebulad (mxolod resurs-oTaxSi) ar mimdinareobdes.
piriqiT, individualurma gegmam, ufro metad unda Seuwyos xeli moswavlis social-
izacias da integracias klasSi.
individualuri saswavlo gegma exmareba pedagogs gaakontrolos moswavlis miRw-
evebi da moswavlis Sesaxeb informaciis sxvadasxva pirebs Soris gaziarebis saSualebaa.
individualuri saswavlo gegmis ganaxleba xdeba regularulad, winaswar daTqmul
vadebSi da masSi aRiwereba is cvlilebebi, romlebic aucilebelia moswavlis efeqtiani
ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofisTvis. saswavlo gegmis ganaxleba xorcieldeba moswavlis
Sefasebis Sedegebis da misi saswavlo miRwevebis safuZvelze.
individualuri saswavlo gegma asaxavs pedagogTa, skolis administraciis, mSob-
lis da Tavad moswavlis SeTanxmebas specialuri saswavlo programis Taobaze da ser-
visze, romlis uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli skolis farglebSi da arsebuli
resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
maSasadame, individualuri saswavlo gegma aris saxelmZRvanelo, romelSic asax-
uli da dasabuTebulia konkretuli moswavlisTvis saWiro mxardaWera. am gegmas mas-
Tan momuSave yvela maswavlebeli Tu profesionali unda iziarebdes da misdevdes. es
ara xisti, aramed samuSao dokumentia, romelic regularul cvlilebebs moiTxovs.
aucileblad unda xdebodes misi drois garkveul monakveTSi gadaxedva/gadafaseba,
moswavlis SesaZleblobebTan da miRwevebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana da saWiro cvli-
lebebis gansazRvra.

individualuri saswavlo gegma

skola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
klasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
moswavle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dabadebis TariRi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
asaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mSobeli/meurve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
misamarTi/telefoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sexvedris TariRi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
individualuri saswavlo gegma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mde
individualuri saswavlo gegma gadaixedeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sexvedris tipi (SemoxazeT)

sawyisi gadafaseba, saWiroebisamebr dagegmili Sefaseba, wliuri Sefaseba

monawileebi:
pedagogi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
fsiqologi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
spec. ganaTlebis pedagogi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
logopedi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mSobeli/meurve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

58
 individualuri damxmare kiTxvebi Sefaseba
saswavlo gegmis
komponentebi
Zlieri mxareebi risi gakeTeba SeuZlia moswavles?
ra ainteresebs?
ra moswons?
raSia moswavle yvelaze warmatebuli?
(aRwereT dawvrilebiT da zustad)
problemuri ra problemebi uCndeba moswavles yvelaze xSirad?
sferoebi rodis iCenen problemebi Tavs?
(aRwereT dawvrilebiT da zustad)
mizezebi Tqveni azriT, ra iwvevs problemebs swavlis procesSi?
(aRwereT dawvrilebiT da zustad)
saWiroebebi ra sWirdeba moswavles imisaTvis, rom ukeT gamoavli-
nos sakuTari SesaZleblobebi?
ra SeiZleba gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom moswavlem ukeTe-
sad igrZnos Tavi skolaSi, TanaklaselebTan da
maswavleblebTan?
(aRwereT dawvrilebiT da zustad)
wliuri mizani risi miRweva gvinda saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi?
(gaiwereba cal-calke mizani yvela im sagnisa da saswa-
vlo aqtivobisaTvis, romlebSic moswavles problema
aqvs)
moklevadiani risi miRweva gvinda sawyis, meore da Semdgom etapze
miznebi wliuri miznis misaRwevad?
(gaiwereba cal-calke mizani yvela im sagnisa da saswa-
vlo aqtivobisTvis, romlebSic moswavles problema
aqvs)
praqtikuli ra damatebiTi masala SegviZlia gamoviyenoT?
sakiTxebi ra meTodi avirCioT swavlebisaTvis?
rogor movargoT garemo bavSvis saWiroebebs?
rogor gavzardoT swavlis motivacia?
pasuxismgebeli vin aris pasuxismgebeli individualuri saswavlo geg-
pirebi mis ganxorcielebaze?
ra konkretuli movaleobebi ekisreba gundis wevrebs?
(pedagogi, mSobeli, fsiqologi da sxv.)

individualuri saswavlo gegmis monitoringi1

vis mier xorcieldeba monitoringi ..............................................................

dasaxuli
orSabaTi samSabaTi oTxSabaTi xuTSabaTi paraskevi
aqtivobebi

1
mokled aRwereT dasaxuli aqtivobebis ganxorcielebis raodenobrivi da/an Tvisobrivi maCveneblebi (rogor da ra six-
SiriT Seasrula moswavlem misTvis gankuTvnili davaleba).

59
 individualuri saswavlo gegmis nimuSi

sagani: buneba
maswavlebeli: ---------------
grZelvadiani mizani/miznebi (mocemul grafaSi iwereba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesa-
bamisi mizani bavSvis SesaZleblobebisa da klasis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelsac bavSvma
wlis bolos unda miaRwios).

bunebrivi movlenebis amocnoba da martivi procesebis aRwera;

gamosakvlevi sakiTxis Sesaxeb kiTxvebis dasma.

moklevadiani mizani/miznebi TariRi

1. bunebrivi movlenebis cnoba/daxasiaTeba; 30.12.2017
2. weliwadis droebis cnoba/daxasiaTeba; 15.02.2017

masalis momza-
debaze pasu­xis­ aqtivobis
sad srulde-
mgebeli piri ganxorci­
miznis Sesabamisi ba aqtivoba
masala (mSobeli, peda- e­lebaze
aqtivobebi (klasi, re-
gogi, skolis pasuxismge-
surs-oTaxi)
fsiqologi da beli piri
sxva.)
1 suraTebidan maswavle- sxvadasxva bune- klasi pedagogi pedagogi
blis mier dasaxelebuli brivi movlenis am-
bunebrivi movlenis Se- saxveli plakatebi,
sabamisi suraTis gamor- albomebi
Ceva/TiTis dadeba
2 bunebrivi movlenis Sesa- gasaferadeblebi klasi mSobeli pedagogi
bamisi suraTis gafera-
deba
3 bunebrivi movlenis flomasterebi, resurs-oTaxi spec. pedagogi spec. pedagogi
daxatva qaRaldi
4 bunebrivi movlenis klasi pedagogi pedagogi
Sesaxeb dasmul martiv
SekiTxvaze erTsityviani
pasuxis gacema
5 weliwadis droebis meqa- klasi pedagogi pedagogi
nikuri CamoTvla Tanamim-
devrobis dacviT
6 weliwadis droebis Sesa- gasaferadeblebi, resurs-oTaxi mSobeli spec. pedagogi
bamisi suraTis gafera- flomasterebi da/
deba an fanqrebi
7 suraTebidan maswavleb­ saxelmZRvanelo klasi pedagogi pedagogi
lis mier dasaxelebuli
weliwadis drois Sesaba-
misi suraTis gamorCeva
8 weliwadis droebis klasi pedagogi pedagogi
Sesaxeb dasmul SekiTxve-
bze pasuxis gacema

60
 individualuri saswavlo gegmis monitoringi

ganmxorcielebeli: _______________________
mizani: bunebrivi movlenebis cnoba/daxasiaTeba
miznis miRwevis Sefasebis principebi: 0 – ver asrulebs, 1 – asrulebs daxmarebiT;
2 – asrulebs damoukideblad;
(aranair aRniSvnas ar vakeTebT, Tu mocemuli aqtivoba am dRes ar ganxorcielda. mizani
miRweulad iTvleba, Tu bavSvi sul cota 5-jer Seasrulebs micemul davalebas sworad
da damoukideblad.)

masalis momza-
debaze pasuxis- aqtivobis
sad srulde-
mgebeli piri ganxor-
miznis Sesabamisi ba aqtivoba
masala (mSobeli, peda- cielebaze
aqtivobebi (klasi, re-
gogi, skolis pasuxismge-
surs-oTaxi)
fsiqologi da beli piri
sxva.)
1 suraTebidan maswavle- sxvadasxva bune- klasi pedagogi pedagogi
blis mier dasaxelebuli brivi movlenis am-
bunebrivi movlenis Se- saxveli plakatebi,
sabamisi suraTis gamor- albomebi
Ceva/TiTis dadeba
2 bunebrivi movlenis Sesa- gasaferadeblebi klasi mSobeli pedagogi
bamisi suraTis gafera-
deba
3 bunebrivi movlenis flomasterebi, resurs-oTaxi spec. pedagogi spec. pedagogi
daxatva qaRaldi
4 bunebrivi movlenis klasi pedagogi pedagogi
Taobaze dasmul martiv
SekiTxvaze erTsityviani
pasuxis gacema
5 weliwadis droebis meqa- klasi pedagogi pedagogi
nikuri CamoTvla Tanamim-
devrobis dacviT
6 weliwadis droebis Sesa- resurs-oTaxi mSobeli spec. pedagogi
bamisi suraTis gafera-
deba
7 suraTebidan maswavle- gasaferadeblebi, klasi pedagogi pedagogi
blis mier dasaxelebuli flomasterebi da/
weliwadis drois Sesaba- an fanqrebi
misi suraTis gamorCeva
8 weliwadis droebis saxelmZRvanelo klasi pedagogi pedagogi
Sesaxeb dasmul SekiTxve-
bze pasuxis gacema

61
 rekomendaciebi specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavleebis maswavleblebs

nu ecdebiT, yvelaferi erT dReSi mogvardes. erT dReSi Semogxedon TvalebSi, Tqvan
Tqveni saxeli, Seasrulon miTiTebebi. icodeT, rom yvela bavSvs, da gansakuTrebiT aseT
bavSvebs, uWirs ucxo garemoSi, ucxo adamianebTan adaptireba. amitom mieciT ufleba,
cota xans TavisTvis iyos, merxis qveS daimalos an sulac, fanjris rafasTan miitanos
saxatavi furceli da iq daiwyos xatva. acaleT da daelodeT!
gakveTilis axsnisas maqsimalurad gamoiyeneT vizualuri masala. sasurvelia, masala
guldasmiT SearCioT. martivi suraTebi da gamosaxulebebi Zalian daexmarebaT, gaigon
is, ris axsnasac cdilobT;
nu gamoiyenebT idiomebs, gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT naTqvam sityvebs, metaforebs –
maT am yvelafris gageba gauWirdebaT;
davalebis instruqcia dayaviT ramdenime martiv miTiTebad da ise mieciT, akontroleT
miTiTebaTa mimdevroba, radgan romelimes amovardnisas moswavle SeiZleba daibnes;
ilaparakeT rac SeiZleba gasagebi winadadebebiT;
ar daarRvioT gakveTilis struqtura, maT sistema da rutina uyvarT. uxariaT, roca
ician, ras unda elodon TQqveni gakveTilisgan;
ar gamoiyenoT sarkazmi, xumrobiTac ki. magaliTad, Tu cudad Sesrulebuli dava-
lebisTvis etyvi – yoCaR, rogor moaxerxe? isini amas pirdapir gaigeben da gaukvird-
ebaT, ratom aqebT, Tu misi davaleba cudia;
Tu SeamCnieT, rom skamze veRar zis, cqmutavs, moZraobs, daasaqmeT – dafis gawmenda,
rveulebis akrefa an rame aseTi, martivi saqme daavaleT;
CarTeT teqnologiebi – maT Zalian uyvarT axali teqnologiebi, gamoiyeneT sxvadasxva
kompiuteruli programa Tu TamaSi an filmi swavlebisas;
ecadeT, saklaso oTaxis kedlebi ar gadatvirToT ferad-feradi fotoebiTa da
aplikaciebiT. mesmis, rom moswavleebis Semoqmedeba yvelas gindaT anaxoT, magram yur-
adReba mxolod maT ar gaefantebaT;
daixmareT klasi, magaliTad, rodesac raime sakiTxs xsniT da xvdebiT, rom maT ver
gaiges, imaves axsna Tqvens romelime moswavles sTxoveT da ase iqamde, sanam martivad
gasageb definicias ar miiRebT;
gameoreba da kidev erTxel, gameoreba – ar daizaroT, gaimeoreT axali Tema Tu
Zveli sakiTxebi;
Tu aseT bavSvebs raRac hkiTxeT da maT yuradReba ar mogaqcies, frTxilad SeexeT
mxarze da ise moaxedeT, oRond frTxilad da siyvaruliT;
ecadeT, yovelTvis CarToT jgufur aqtivobebSi, gauxseniT maT kari sxva moswav-
leebis gulebisken;
arasdros aRniSnoT xmamaRla, rom isini sxvanairebi arian, rames ver akeTeben da,
miT umetes, arasdros TqvaT, rom isini „codoebi“ arian;
aucileblad daukavSirdiT maT mSoblebsa da pirad fsiqologs. isini gaswavlian,
rogor marToT situacia krizisis dros, ra amSvidebs aseT bavSvebs, rogor miaRwioT
imas, rom mogisminon da dagijeron. Tu Tqvens skolaSi aris fsiqologi, misi rCevac
gamogadgebaT;
SeZlebisdagvarad sxvadasxvagvari, mravalferovani resursebi gamoiyeneT.
yvelaze mTavari – damSviddiT, iyaviT bunebrivi da mosiyvarule! SedegiT aucile-
blad iamayebT.

62
6. gakveTilebis scenarebi

saxelmZRvanelos Sinaarsi

Tema I: bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

1. dakvirveba
2. gazomva
3. cda da eqsperimenti
4. informaciis damuSaveba
5. modelebi
proeqti – namarxis rekonstruqcia – jgufuri samuSao

Tema II: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

6. nivTierebebi Cven irgvliv
7. nivTierebis Tvisebebi
8. agregatuli mdgomareoba
9. nivTierebis agregatuli mdgomareobis cvlileba
10. fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebi
11. organizmisTvis aucilebeli nivTierebebi
12. saSiSi nivTierebebi
13. nivTierebebi, adamiani da garemo
14. qimiuri damwvroba da mowamvla
Caatare kvleva – moqmedebs Tu ara sayofacxovrebo narCenebi garemos
mdgomareobasa da adamianis janmrTelobaze

Tema III: nivTiereba da narevi

15. sufTa nivTiereba da narevi
16. rogori narevebi arsebobs?
17. narevebis dayofa
Caatare kvleva – rogor gamovyoT nivTiereba narevidan?

Tema IV: adamianis organizmi

18. adamianis sxeulis nawilebi
19. ConCxi da kunTebi
20. pirveli daxmareba travmebis dros
21. ra amoZravebs sisxls
22. sunTqva
23. sunTqvis sixSire
24. Tambaqos mavne zemoqmedeba
25. saWmlis moneleba
26. jansaRi kveba
praqtikuli – jansaRi kvebis dRiuri dietis Sedgena

63
 Tema V: siTbosa da sinaTlis ganawileba dedamiwaze
27. dedamiwis moZraoba mzis garSemo
28. siTburi sartylebi
29. dedamiwis klimaturi sartylebi
praqtikuli – dedamiwis moZraoba da siTburi sartylebi

Tema VI: janmrTeloba

30. ra aris janmrTeloba?
31. mikrobebi
32. baqteriuli daavadebebi
33. sakvebis Senaxva
34. sisxldenebi
35. alkoholi da narkotikebi
36. ra aris radiacia
37. janmrTeloba da garemo
praqtikuli – sisxldenasTan gamkvlaveba

Tema VII: energia

38. ra aris energia?
39. energiis formebi
40. energiis gardaqmna
41. energiis wyaroebi
42. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebi
43. Cven da energia
proeqti – rogor davzogoT energia?

Tema VIII: xmeleTis reliefi

44. garemos cvlileba
45. mTebi da vakeebi
46. gamofitva
47. dedamiwis zedapiris Secvla
Caatare kvleva – rogor icvleba garemo?

64
Tavi I bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

gakveTili 1

Tema: bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

gakveTilis saTauri: dakvirveba
gakveTilis mizani:  oswavlem SeZlos dasvas kiTxvebi da gamoiyenos kvle-
m
vis sxvadasxva xerxi maTze pasuxis gasacemad; sakuTari
dakvirvebisa da mosazrebebis safuZvelze gamoiyenos
sabunebismetyvelo terminebi kiTxvebze pasuxebis Camo-
sayalibeblad.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle:  vams Sesabamis kiTxvebs da iyenebs kvlevis sxvadasxva
s
xerxs maTze pasuxis misaRebad;
 axavs gzebs da iyenebs sxvadasxva wyaros dasmul SekiTx-
s
vaze pasuxis mosaZebnad;
i yenebs sabunebismetyvelo terminebs kiTxvebze pasuxebis
Camosayalibeblad sakuTari dakvirvebisa da mosazre-
bebis safuZvelze;
a darebs erTmaneTs sakuTari da TanaklaselTa dak-
virvebis Sedegebs.
saWiro masala:  akvirveba N1-sTvis: akvariumi an minis qila, akvariumis
d
Tevzi, wamzomi, Tevzis saWeri patara bade, anaduRari da
gaciebuli wyali, sawrupavi Cxiri.
 akvirveba N2-sTvis: melniT gaJREenTili Rrubeli, TeTri
d
feris xelsaxoci an saSrobi, qaRaldi, lupa, meTilis
spirti.
dakvirveba N3-sTvis: fotoaparati, dakvirvebis dRiuri.

gaixsene:
1. mecniereba codnisa da WeSmaritebis Ziebaa. bunebas Seiswavlis biologia, fizika,
qimia, geografia, ekologia, astronomia.
2. dakvirvebas, gazomvas, cdebsa da eqsperimentebs, modelebis Seqmna.
3. saswori, saxazavi, mikroskopi, lupa, kompasi, saaTi, wamzomi, Termometri, qimiuri
WurWeli – sinjara, menzura, kolba da sxv.
4. dakvirveba bunebismetyvelebis Seswavlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi meTodia. bunebaze
uSualo dakvirvebisa da Seswavlis Sedegad gviyalibdeba garemomcvel samyaroze
konkretuli warmodgena.
5. unda moxdes dakvirvebis obieqtis arCeva; usafrTxoebis wesebisa da muSaobis pro-
cesis wesebis gacnoba; dakvirvebis miznis mkafiod gansazRvra; dakvirvebisaTvis
saWiro mowyobilobebis, resursebisa da xelsawyoebis momzadeba; dakvirvebis war-
moeba da Sedegebis Cawera; dakvirvebis Sedegebis damuSaveba da daskvnebis gamo-
tana; dakvirvebis Sedegebis gamoyeneba saswavlo da praqtikul saqmianobaSi.

65
 dakvirveba 1:
Tevzis anaduRar wyalSi gadayvanis Semdeg misi sunTqva gaxSirdeba, radgan wyalSi
aduRebis Semdeg Jangbadi mcirdeba. wyalSi sawrupavi milis Cadebis da Cveni CasunTq-
vis Semdeg Tevzis sunTqvis sixSire kidev ufro gaizrdeba, radgan Cven Cabervis dros
gamovisunTqavT naxSirorJangiT mdidar haers da Sesabamisad wyalSi naxSirorJangis
raodenobac moimatebs. amitom Tevzi ecdeba meti Jangbadis miRebas, rasac sunTqvis
gaxSirebiT miaRwevs. Tevzis akvariumis wyalSi gadayvanis Semdeg misi sunTqvis sixSire
TandaTan Semcirdeba da Cveulebriv ritms daubrundeba.

dakvirveba 2:
2. xelsaxocze araferi gamoCndeba; 3. xelsaxocze Seni TiTis anabeWdi gamoisaxeba; 6.
TiTis anabeWdi wvrili momrgvalebuli xazebia. yvela TiTis anabeWdi gansxvavebulia.
7. cerze. 8. TiToeul adamians mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli TiTis anabeWdi aqvs.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
2. a – amindze dakvirveba; b – dReebisa da haeris temperaturis cvlilebis mixedviT
mofrenili frinvelebis raodenobasa da saxeobebze dakvirveba; g – dReebis mixedviT
mcenaris sigrZesa da foTlebis raodenobaze dakvirveba; d – mTvaris formis cvlile-
baze, anu mTvaris fazebze dakvirveba.

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba (10 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaixsenon wina wels naswavli masala da upasuxon kiTxvebs:

ra aris mecniereba da mecnierebis romeli dargebi Seiswavlis bunebas?
ra meTodebs iyeneben bunebis Seswavlisas mecnierebi?
kvlevis romel xelsawyoebs icnoben?
Semdeg aCveneT slaidi, romelzec gamosaxulia dakvirvebis meTodis magaliTebi da
gaagrZeleT kiTxvebis dasma:

66
 ra aerTianebs mocemul suraTebs?
risTvis gamoiyeneba dakvirvebis meTodi?
rogor vawarmooT dakvirveba da ra unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli dakvirvebis dros?
SeniSvna: aRniSnul kiTxvebze pasuxebi mocemulia rubrikaSi „gaixsene“.

2. praqtikuli muSaoba (25 wT)

moswavleebTan erTad CaatareT praqtikuli samuSao – dakvirveba §1 da §2. samu­Saoebis

detaluri instruqcia ixileT moswavlis wignSi.
samuSaoebis Catarebis Semdeg hkiTxeT moswavleebs, maTi azriT, rogor da sad unda
moxdes dakvirvebis Sedegebis CaniSvna?
pasuxebis mosmenis Semdeg aCveneT maT slaidebi da hkiTxeT, Tu ris CasaniSnad SeiZleba
iqnes gamoyenebuli slaidebze naCvenebi kalendrebi.

a)
22.09 23.09 24.09 25.09 26.09 27.09 28.09

240 240 240 240 240

230 230

130
120 120 120 120
110 110

b) romeli
haeris frinvelebis
TariRi frinvelebi
temperatura raodenoba
mofrinaven
2 wivwiva,
29.11.2016 -20 5
3 beRura
2 wivwiva,
30.11.2016 -16 4
2 beRura
1 wivwiva,
2.12. 2017 -10 3
2 beRura
1 wivwiva,
3. 12. 2017 -9 3
2 beRura

4.12. 2017 -5 2 2 beRura

2 wivwiva,
5.12. 2017 -9 4
2 beRura

g) foTlebis
gazomvis N TariRi sigrZe, sm
raodenoba

N1 15.03.2017 0 0

N2 30.03 2017 3 4

N3 10.04.2017 7 8

67
 d)
orS. samS. oTxS. xuTS. parask. SabaTi kvira

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28

moismineT moswavleTa pasuxebi da Secdomebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi gaasworeT maT-

Tan erTad. (pasuxi mocemulia maswavleblis wignSi, savarjiSo N2).

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (5 wT)

mokled SeajameT gakveTili da aRniSneT, rom dakvirvebis meTodi bunebis Seswavlis

procesSi metad mniSvnelovania, magram aseve arsebobs sxva meTodebic, romlebsac isini
Semdeg gakveTilebze gaecnobian.

4. Sefaseba (5 wT)

SeafaseT moswavleebi sityvieri komentariT: aRniSneT maTi wvlili praqtikul muSa­

obaSi da aseve ganvlili masalis codna.

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs, daiwyon mzadeba dakvirveba N3-is Sesasruleblad da moifiqron

dakvirvebis dRiuris forma, sadac TavianT dakvirvebis Sedegebs Caweren.

gakveTili 2

Tema: bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

gakveTilis saTauri: gazomva

gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos awarmoos gazomvebi sxvadasxva xel-

sawyos saSualebiTa da standartuli erTeulebis gamo­
yenebiT.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun. VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: svams Sesabamis kiTxvebs da iyenebs kvlevis sxvadasxva
xerxs maTze pasuxis misaRebad;
 axavs gzebs da iyenebs sxvadasxva wyaros dasmul SekiTx-
s
vaze pasuxis mosaZebnad;

68
 awarmoebs gazomvebs sxvadasxva xelsawyos saSualebiT
standartuli erTeulebis gamoyenebiT.
saWiro masala: metriani, saxazavi, haeris da wylis temperaturis sazomi
Termometrebi, wyali, marili, yinuli, winaswar momzade-
buli samuSao furclebi.

gaixsene:
1. sigrZes saxazaviT an metrianiT zomaven, masas – sasworiT da moculobas – special-
uri WurWliT – menzuriT;
2. sigrZis erTeulia– milimetri, santimetri, metri, kilometri; masis – grami, kilo-
grami, tona; moculobis – kuburi metri.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. obieqtis sigrZis, siganis, simaRlis, aseve wylis, haeris an romelime cocxali or-
ganizmis temperaturis, naleqebis raodenobis, Tovlis safaris simaRlis da sxv.
gazomvebi;
2. 1 – saxazavi, sigrZis, siganis da simaRlis gasazomad; 2 – sazomi fargali monakveTis
sigrZis gasazomad; 3 da 4 – saaTi da wamzomi; 5 – qviSis saaTi – drois gasazomad; 6
– Termometri – temperaturis gasazomad; 7 – pinebiani saswori da 8 – eleqtrosas-
wori gasazomad.
3. sxeulis moculobis;
4. suraTze mocemuli menzuris danayofis fasia 20 ml. menzuraSi sxeulis moTavse-
bamde siTxis moculoba iyo 200 ml., xolo sxeulis moTavsebis Semdeg siTxis donem
aiwia da gaxda 360 ml. maSasadame am sxeulis moculoba yofila 360-200=160 ml.
5. a, b da v – sigrZe, sigane, simaRle; g – dro; d da e – moculoba;
6. a, b, e da z.
7. sigrZes, Tumca suraTebze gamosaxuli skalebis danayofebis fasi gansxvavebulia.
8. 6 wams;
9. marTalia erT TermometrSi siTxe ufro maRlaa aweuli, magram Termometre-
bi erTsa da imave temperaturas aCvenebs, radganac maTi skalis danayofis fasi
­sxva­­dasxvaa.
10. 250 sm=2500 mm; 5 kg=5000 gr; 7000 m=7 km; 240 m=24000 sm; 3 sT=180 wT; 120 wm=2 wT.
11. d)
12. b)

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba da Sesavali saubari (10 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaixsenon wina gakveTilze Tevzis sunTqvaze Catarebuli dakvir­

vebis dros kvlevis kidev ra meTodis gamoyeneba mouxdaT? (gazomva)
mimoixedon irgvliv da CamoTvalon, ris gazomvas SeZlebdnen da ra xelsawyoebs gamo­
iyenebdnen amisTvis?
dayaviT klasi jgufebad, mieciT TiToeul jgufs saxazavi da daavaleT gazomon merxis
an dafis sigrZe jer mtkavelebSi, an oTaxis sigrZe-sigane (nabijebiT, terfebiT) (an sxva
arastandartuli sazomiT), Semdeg igive gazomon saxazaviT. Semdeg jgufebma Seadaron
gazomvebis Sedegebi da imsjelon, ratom miiRes pirvelad gansxvavebuli Sedegebi, xolo
meored – erTnairi.
hkiTxeT moswavleebs, ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom yvelam erTnairi monacemi mivi-
RoT gazomvis Sedegad. (moswavleebi gaakeTeben daskvnas, rom saWiroa unificirebuli
sazomi erTeulebis arseboba).

69
 rekomendacia:
mtkaveli sigrZis sazomi erTeulia. saqarTveloSi XIX saukunemde, sigrZe gaSlil cersa
da neks Soris udrida 2 cidas – 25,3 sm.
goji manZili ceris bolo saxsridan frCxilis wveramde. sigrZis sazomi saqarTveloSi
– 9 xorblis marcvlis toli (daaxloebiT 3,16 sm). goji erT-erTi uZvelesi sigrZis sazomi
erTeulia. igi moxseniebulia dabadebisa da saxarebis qarTul TargmanSi.

2. praqtikuli muSaoba – xelsawyos skalis kiTxva da gazomvebis

Catareba (25 wT)
aCveneT moswavleebs suraTi (slaidi), sadac mocemulia sxvadasxva xelsawyo, skala da
hkiTxeT maT, rogor unda moxdes gazomili sididis gansazRvra? (am xelsawyoebis skalis
saSualebiT).

ganumarteT maT, rom skala sazomi xelsawyos asaTvleli mowyobilobis nawilia, romelic
warmoadgens gasazomi sididis Tanamimdevruli mniSvnelobebis rigTan Sesabamisi niS-
nulebisa (garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT ganlagebuli wertilebi da Strixebi) da zogierT
maTganTan dasmuli aTvlis ricxvebis an sxva simboloebis erTobliobas. skalis parametrebi
(misi zRvrebi, danayofis sxvaoba da misT.) ganisazRvreba xelsawyos sazomi meqanizmiT
realizebuli gazomvis zRvrebiT, xelsawyos mgrZnobiarobiTa da saWiro aTvlis sizustiT.
asaTvleli mowyobilobis konstruqciis mixedviT skalis danayofebi SeiZleba ganlagdes
wriulad, rkalurad an wrfivad. skalaze or xazs Soris manZils danayofi hqvia, xolo
skalis umciresi danayofis Sesabamisi fizikuri sididis mniSvnelobas ki danayofis fasi.
moswavleebs sTxoveT gaecnon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul magaliTs – skalis wakiTx-
visa da anaTvalis aRebis wesebs.
Semdeg aCveneT suraTi (slaidi) da sTxoveT, mocemuli suraTis mixedviT daadginon
TiToeuli saxazavis danayofis fasi.

70
 daurigeT moswavleebs winaswar momzadebuli samuSao furclebi da sTxoveT maT
damoukideblad Seasrulon samuSao:
samuSao furclebi:
1. gadaiyvaneT sxva erTeulebSi:
19 km = m
1 kg 300 g = g
30 wT = sT

2. suraTze naCvenebi romeli saxazaviT SeiZleba ufro zustad gaizomos xis naWris
sigrZe da ratom?

1 2

3. suraTis mixedviT daadgineT, ramden graduss aCvenebs TiToeuli Termometri.

romeli TermometriT SeiZleba mduRare wylis da macivris sayinulis temperatu-
ris gazomva.

1 2 3 4

4. ras udris suraTze gamosaxuli menzuris danayofis fasi da siTxis maqsimaluri ra

moculobis gazomva SeiZleba misi saSualebiT?

71
 5. gansazRvreT TiToeuli menzuris danayofis fasi da daadgineT siTxis moculoba
TiToeul maTganSi.

samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg aCveneT moswavleebs swori pasuxebi da sTxoveT Seaswo­

ron. Semdeg moswavleebTan erTad gaasworeT Secdomebi.

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (5 wT)

ganumarteT moswavleebs, rom yvelanairi gazomvis Sedegi miaxloebiTia da arsebobs

met-naklebad zusti Sedegi. maT unda SeeZloT sagans sazomi erTeuli gonivrulad Seur-
Cion; magaliTad, saklaso oTaxis sigrZe da sigane gazomon nabijebiT an terfebiT, dafas
gasazomad mtkaveli an cida miusadagon, wignisa da rveulisaTvis ki goji moiSvelion.
sakuTari xeliT Catarebuli gazomvis Sedegis sxvis SedegebTan Sejerebis Semdeg naTeli
gaxda, rom maT Soris arsebobs gansxvavebebi. cxadia, rom sayovelTao sazomi erTeulebis
gareSe dRevandel pirobebSi SeuZlebelia raimes keTeba. magram, ramdenad srulyofilic
unda iyos sazomi erTeuli, idealurad zusti gazomva umetesad mainc miuRwevadia. am
erTeuliT erTi da imave sigrZis ramdenjerme gazomvac ki sxvadasxva Sedegs iZleva. es
imiT unda aixsnas, rom Sedegis sizustec da cdomilebac im raodenobazea damokidebuli,
Tu ramdenjer gadaizomeba igi.

4. Sefaseba (5 wT)

SeafaseT moswavleebi ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis strategiiT – „kiTxvari“.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs furclebs kiTxvebiT an dafaze wers kiTxvebs da
sTxovs moswavleebs upasuxon maT. savaraudo kiTxvebi:
kmayofili xar Tu ara gakveTiliT da ratom?
iyo Tu ara saintereso da ram dagainteresa yvelaze metad?
miiRe Tu ara axali codna? moiyvane magaliTi.
ramdenad aqtiuri iyavi gakveTilze? aRwere raSi miiRe monawileoba.

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs, Sin Seasrulon praqtikuli da savarjiSoebi: 6, 7, 8, 11.

72
gakveTili 3

Tema: bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

gakveTilis saTauri: cda da eqsperimenti

gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem Caataros kvleva usafrTxoebis wesebis dac-

viT. sxvadasxva saSualebis gamoyenebiT SeZlos kvlevis
Sedegebis aRricxva-organizeba, gaaanalizos Sedegebi
da gamoitanos daskvna. miRebuli Sedegebi da daskvnebi
warmoadginos sxvadasxva formiT.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: atarebs kvleviT aqtivobas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;
aanalizebs Sedegebs da gamoaqvs daskvna;
 arudgens miRebul Sedegebs da daskvnebs Tanaklase-
w
lebs komunikaciis sxvadasxva formiT (mag., zepiri
metyvelebis, weriTi metyvelebis, ist-is saSualebiT).
saWiro masala: praqtikuli 2-sTvis: 5 cali sxvadasxva zomis patara man-
qanis modeli, wignebi, wammzomi, faneris naWeri.

gaixsene:
unda davicvaT usafrTxoebis wesebi.

Caatare cda 1:
1. pirvelad lampas kargad dainaxav, Semdeg isev dainaxav, magram SedarebiT cudad.
daskvna: sufTa wyali ufro gamWvirvalea.
2. a) xaxvs foTlebi ufro swrafad gauCnda im qilaSi, romelic kargad naTdeboda
mzis sxivebiT. b) mzis siTbo da sinaTle xels uwyobs mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebas;
3. Teslis gaRivebis ZiriTadi pirobaa siTbo (temperatura) da wyali (teni).

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. b, a, e, z, g, v, d.
2. a) dakvirveba da gazomva; b) dakvirveba; g) dakvirveba da gazomva; d) dakvirveba;
e) cda/eqsperimenti; v) gazomva.
3. dakvirveba; cda/eqsperimentis Catareba; gazomva; prezentacia/ namuSevris ward-
gena;
4. Seavse cxrili:

bunebis Seswavlis magaliTebi

meTodebi
dakvirveba frinvelebze, mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebaze, garemos
cvlilebaze.
gazomva haeris, wylis temperaturis, sxeulis masis, moculobis.
cda/eqsperimenti rogor moqmedebs wyali da temperatura mcenaris zrdaze.

73
 gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba da Sesavali saubari: (10 wT)

aCveneT moswavleebs suraTi da hkiTxeT, maTi azriT, ra aris asaxuli suraTze:

pasuxebis mosmenis Semdeg uTxariT maT, rom esaa me-18 saukunis britaneli mxatvris,
jozef raitis naxati `eqsperimenti frinvelze haeris tumboSi~.

hkiTxeT maT, ra aris cda/eqsperimenti da sTxoveT gaixsenon wina wlebSi ra cdebi/

eqsperimentebi CautarebiaT bunebis gakveTilze.
ganumarteT maT: imisaTvis rom avxsnaT esa Tu is movlena, davadginoT ra faqtorebi
moqmedebs procesebis daCqarebasa Tu Senelebaze, cdebsa da eqsperimentebs vatarebT.

2. praqtikuli muSaoba – martivi cdebis Catareba (20 wT)

dayaviT klasi 3 jgufad. daurigeT TiToeul jgufs saWiro masala da mieciT davaleba
– Caataron cdebi. pirveli jgufi atarebs pirvel cdas, meore – meores da mesame – mesame
cdas.
(pirveli cdis instruqcia ixileT moswavlis wignSi).

cda N2:
dafxveniT carci rodinSi, CayareT cxelwylian WiqaSi da mourieT. daakvirdiT pro-
cess, CainiSneT, ras amCnevT da gamoitaneT daskvna.
(daaxloebiT 10 wuTis Semdeg Wiqis fskerze wyalSi gauxsneli carcis naleqi daile-
qeba, ras imas mowmobs, rom carci wyalSi ar ixsneba.)

74
 cda N3
wylian WiqaSi CaagdeT rkinis lursmani da korpis sacobi. daakvirdiT process, Ca­iniSneT,
ras amCnevT da gamoitaneT daskvna.
(lursmani wyalSi CaiZira, xolo sacobi wyalze tivtivebs).
cdebis Catarebis Semdeg jgufebi warmoadgenen TavianT Sedegebs da gaacnoben klass.
mTel klasTan erTad CaatareT moswavlis wignSi mocemuli cdebi §2 da §3. sTxoveT
moswavleebs, daakvirdnen xaxvsa da xorblis marcvlebs da cdebis Sedegebi CainiSnon
yovel gakveTilze, daaxloebiT 10 dRis Semdeg ki warmoadginon cdis Sedegebi da daskvnebi.

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (10 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, waikiTxon me-3 savarjiSo da upasuxon kiTxvebs. (savarjiSo ix,

moswavlis wignSi). samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebTan erTad ganixileT dava-
leba. (savarjiSos pasuxi ix. maswavleblis wignSi).

4. Sefaseba (5 wT)

daurigeT moswavleebs winaswar momzadebuli TviTSefasebis anketa da sTxoveT Seav-

son igi.
moswavleebma sasurveli pasuxi yviTlad unda gaaferadon. TviTSefasebis kriteri-
umebs maswavlebeli Tavad arCevs gakveTilis miznidan gamomdinare. anketis nimuSi:

arasdros xandaxan xSirad

viyavi yuradRebiT
L  J
viyavi aqtiuri

vasrulebdi yvela davalebas

vamowmebdi Cems namuSevars

vcdilobdi Secdomebis moZebnas

da gasworebas

vmonawileobdi cdis, (eqsperi-

mentis) CatarebaSi, prezentaciis
momzadebaSi, jgufur muSaobaSi.

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs saxlSi Seasrulon savarjiSo §2 da aseve moiZion informacia

romelime martivi cdis Catarebis Sesaxeb.

gakveTili 4

Tema: bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

gakveTilis saTauri: informaciis damuSaveba
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos dasvas kiTxvebi da gamoiyenos kvlevis
sxvadasxva xerxi maTze pasuxis gasacemad; sxvadasxva
saSualebebis gamoyenebiT SeZlos kvlevis Sedegebis
aRricxva-organizeba, gaaanalizos Sedegebi da gamoita-
nos daskvna. miRebuli Sedegebi da daskvnebi warmoadgi-
nos sxvadasxva formiT. 

75
 kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI. 1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: saxavs gzebs da iyenebs sxvadasxva wyaros dasmul SekiTx-
vaze pasuxis mosaZebnad;
i yenebs sxvadasxva saSualebas kvlevis Sedegebis aRricx-
va-organizebisaTvis (Canaweri, svetovani diagrama cxri-
li, foto, video);
aanalizebs Sedegebs da gamoaqvs daskvna;
 arudgens miRebul Sedegebs da daskvnebs Tanaklaselebs
w
komunikaciis sxvadasxva formiT (mag., zepiri metyve­
lebis, weriTi metyvelebis, ist-is saSualebiT).
saWiro masala: 1. gamWvirvale minis Wiqa, wyali, magidis lampa, 1 sufris
kovzi marili.
2. 2 qila, wyali, 2 Tavi xaxvi.
3. 4 cali erTjeradi TefSi, xorblis marcvlebi, wyali,

bamba.
cda 2-sTvis: carci, rodini, cxeli wyali, Wiqa, kovzi.
cda 3-sTvis: wyali, Wiqa, lursmani, korpis sacobi, winas-

war momzadebuli TviTSefasebis anketa.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. a) cxrilSi mocemulia erT-erTi klasis moswavleTa wonisa da welis garSemo­
werilobis monacemebi. b) wonas gazomavdnen sasworiT, welis garSemowerilobas
metrianiT; g) am monacemebis Seswavla-aRricxva imitomaa saWiro, rom Seadaron
moswavleTa wina da Semdgom monacemebs da daakvirdnen rogor mimdinareobs am mo-
swavleebis zrda-ganviTareba.
2. a) yvelaze maRali – ivlisSi da yvelaze dabali – ianvarSi; b) 26 – (-7) = 26 +7 = 33
graduss; g) sami Tvis manZilze – dekemberSi, ianvarsa da TebervalSi.
3. a) dRis ganmavlobaSi avtomobilebis raodenobas; b) grafikis mixedviT yvelaze
meti raodenobis avtomobili moZraobda dilis 10 da saRamos 18 saaTze, xolo
yvelaze cota – Ramis 12 saaTze.

praqtikuli 1:

სხვა დანარჩენი

ტუნდრა, უდაბნოები და ჭაობები

სტეპები

ტყეები

76
 ifiqre:
xmeleTis cxoveli – yvelaze swrafi – gepardi, yvelaze neli – piToni.
haerSi mobinadre – yvelaze swrafi – ZEera, yvelaze neli – futkari da Ramura.
wyalSi mobinadre – yvelaze swrafi qaSayi, yvelaze neli – zRvis ku.

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba da Sesavali saubari (5 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs gaixsenon, wina gakveTilebze dakvirvebisa Tu cdebis Catarebis

Semdeg miRebul monacemebs sad iniSnavdnen? (cxrilebSi)
ganumarteT maT, rom cxrilebi Sedegebis Cawerisa da gamosaxvis saSualebaa, magram
maT garda Sedegebi SeiZleba gamovsaxoT diagramebisa da grafikebis saxiT.

2. teqstze da diagramebze muSaoba (30 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs imuSaon wyvilebSi. dawereT dafaze kiTxvebi an winaswar moamza-

deT furclebze da daurigeT wyvilebs. maT unda waikiTxon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli
teqsti, Seiswavlon Sesabamisi ilustraciebi da upasuxon kiTxvebs:
kiTxvebi:
1. risTvis iyeneben cxrilebs?
2. ra aris diagrama?
3. rogori saxis diagramebi arsebobs?
4. ra dadebiTi mxare aqvs wriul diagramas?
5. ra unda vicodeT wriuli diagramidan informaciis misaRebad?
6. ras gamosaxaven svetovani diagramiT?
7. ras gamosaxaven grafikiT?
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg wyvilebi warmoadgenen Sesrulebul samuSaos.
dayaviT klasi 4 jgufad. pirvel jgufs mieciT cxrili, meores wriuli diagrama,
mesames svetovani diagrama da meoTxes – grafiki da davalebebi.

pirveli jgufis cxrili:

daadgineT, ra monacemebia Setanili cxrilSi. cxrilSi mocemuli informaciis gamo­
yenebiT daaxasiaTeT CamoTvlili mcenareebi da SeadareT erTmaneTs.

mcenare jamis foToli gvirgvini butko mtvriana

askili 5 5 mravali mravali
limoni 5 8 1 mravali
tita _ 6 1 1

meore jgufis davaleba:

daadgineT, ras gamosaxavs wriuli diagrama. diagramaze mocemuli informaciis mixed-
viT daalageT kontinentebi farTobebis zrdis mixedviT.

CrdiloeT yinulovani okeane 13 mln. kv. km.

indoeTis okeane
73,4 mln. kv. km.

wynari okeane
169 mln. kv. km.

atlantis okeane
91,6 mln. kv. km.

samxreTis okeane 20,3 mln. kv. km

77
 mesame jgufis davaleba:
daadgineT, ras gamosaxavs svetovani diagrama. diagramaze mocemuli informaciis
mixedviT daadgineT, ra sigrZisaa mdinare mtkvari da ramdenjer metia misi sigrZe mdi-
nare alaznis sigrZeze?

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
mtkvari Tergi alazani rioni enguri aragvi

meoTxe jgufis davaleba:

daadgineT, ras gamosaxavs grafiki. grafikze mocemuli informaciis mixedviT daadgi-
neT, ramdeni saaTis ganmavlobaSi iyo temperatura 9 gradusze dabali?

0
C

80

60

40

20

00
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
sT
-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg jgufebi warmoadgenen Sesrulebul namuSevars.

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (5 wT)

ganumarteT moswavleebs, rom cxrilebi, diagramebi da grafikebi monacemebis vizualu-

rad warmodgenis kargi saSualebaa. maTi gamoyenebisas saWiroa Semdegi rekomendaciebis
gaTvaliswineba.
erT xazovan grafikze SeiZleba gvqondes ramdenime xazi, romelic sxvadasxva kategoriis
mniSvnelobebis droTa ganmavlobaSi da erTmaneTTan mimarTebiT cvlilebas aCvenebda.
svetovani diagramis gamoyenebisas mniSvnelovania yuradReba mivaqcioT, rom Y RerZze
monacemebis aTvla iwyeba 0-idan, raTa ar davarRvioT masStabi da Cveni grafikiT vinme
SecdomaSi ar SeviyvanoT. aseve, monacemebis erTmaneTTan Sedarebis gasamartiveblad,
kargia, Tu monacemebs zrdadobiT an klebadobiT davawyobT, swored imis mixedviT, Tu
ris Cveneba gvinda diagramiT.

78
 sasurvelia, rom wriuli diagrama ar iyos Zalian danawevrebuli da 7 nawilze metad
ar iyos dayofili, radgan erT diagramaze bevri mciremniSvnelobiani nawilis Cvenebis
SemTxvevaSi, rTuli iqneba misi Semadgeneli nawilebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba. SesaZle-
belia, rom mcire mniSvnelobis mqone nawilebi daajgufoT da Semdeg maT Soris dayofa
aCvenoT calke diagramaze.
ganumarteT, rom aRniSnuli diagramebis garda aseve arsebobs sxva saxis diagramebic,
mag., horizontaluri svetovani diagrama, romelic vertikaluri svetovani diagramis
msgavsia, Tumca misi gamoyeneba SegiZliaT maSin, rodesac bevri monacemis erTmaneTTan
Sedareba gsurT. horizontaluri svetovani diagramis SemTxvevaSi, naklebad iqnebiT
svetebis raodenobaSi SezRuduli gansxvavebiT vertikaluri diagramisgan, sadac svetebis
raodenoba SeiZleba SezRuduli iyos gverdis siganis Sesabamisad.

4. Sefaseba (5 wT)

moswavleTa Sesafaseblad gamoiyeneT jgufebSi muSaobis Sefasebis da prezentaciis

rubrika. (ix. Tavi Sefaseba)

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs, saxlSi Seasrulon 2, 3, 4 davalebebi.

gakveTili 5

Tema: bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

gakveTilis saTauri: modelebi
gakveTilis mizani: 
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle:  vams Sesabamis kiTxvebs da iyenebs kvlevis sxvadasxva
s
xerxs maTze pasuxis misaRebad;
 axavs gzebs da iyenebs sxvadasxva wyaros dasmul SekiTx-
s
vaze pasuxis mosaZebnad;
i yenebs sabunebismetyvelo terminebs kiTxvebze pasuxebis
Camosayalibeblad sakuTari dakvirvebisa da mosazre-
bebis safuZvelze;
 arudgens miRebul Sedegebs da daskvnebs Tanaklaselebs
w
komunikaciis sxvadasxva formiT (mag., zepiri metyve­
lebis, weriTi metyvelebis, ist-is saSualebiT).
saWiro masala: praqtikuli 1-sTvis: 2-litriani gamWvirvale plastma-
sis boTli, makrateli, akvariumis kenWebi, akvariumis
naxSiri, yvavilis miwa, samzareulos saSrobi qaRaldi,
kaqtusi, oTaxis begonia, wyali.
praqtikuli 2-sTvis: plastikatis dafa, plastilini,

vazelini, lokokinas niJara, TabaSiri, wyali, plastmasis
kovzi, patara qila.
praqtikuli 3-sTvis: qaTmis an sxva cxovelis Zvali, Taba-

Siris fxvnili, patara CaquCi, erTjeradi Wiqa, patara
funji, xis patara Cxirebi, patara lursmani, lupa.

79
 praqtikuli 1
kaqtusi Cveulebriv mdgomareobaSia, begonia wylis gareSe daWkna.
udabnoSi ukeT gaizrdeboda kaqtusi.
kaqtuss foTlebis nacvlad aqvs eklebi da sqeli Rero, begonias – didi da farTo
foTlebi.
kaqtusi dalpeboda.

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba da Sesavali saubari (10 wT)

aCveneT moswavleebs suraTebi, dausviT kiTxvebi:

ra aris suraTebze gamosaxuli?
risTvis iyeneben maT?
ra aerTianebs am suraTebs?

ganumarteT moswavleebs, rom modeli franguli sityvaa „zomas, analogs, nimuSs“ niSnavs.
modeli SeiZleba iyos raime nakeTobis sanimuSo egzemplari; nimuSi risame dasamzadeblad,
raime sagnis Semcirebuli nimuSi an sqema. mag., globusi an Carxis modeli. raime konstruq-
ciis tipi, marka, nimuSi. mag., avtomobilis axali modeli. sagani, romelic warmoadgens
masalas, naturas mxatvrisaTvis. nimuSi, romlidanac iReben formas sagnis Camosasxmelad.
maSasadame, modeli aris gamartivebuli warmodgena realuri mowyobilobis da/an
masSi mimdinare procesebisa da movlenebis Sesaxeb. modelebis ageba da gamokvleva, anu
modelireba, amartivebs realur mowyobilobaSi (procesSi...) arsebuli Tvisebebisa da
kanonzomierebebis gamokvlevas. gamoiyeneben SemecnebisTvis (ganxilvisTvis, analizisa
da sinTezisTvis).

80
 2. praqtikuli muSaoba (25 wT)

dayaviT klasi 3 jgufad. TiToeul jgufs daurigeT saWiro masala da mieciT dava-
leba. mag., pirvel jgufs praqtikuli §1, meores – §2 da mesames – §3. sTxoveT samuSaoebi
Seasrulon Sesabamisi instruqciebis gamoyenebiT.
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg jgufebi waradgenen Sesrulebul namuSevars da isaubre-
ben, Tu risi modelebi Seqmnes an gamoiyenes. raSi daexmaraT maT es modelebi.

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (10 wT)

daurigeT moswavleebs winaswar momzadebuli cxrili da sTxoveT Seavson:

bunebis Seswavlis mokle aRwera gamoyeneba

meTodi

4. Sefaseba

daurigeT moswavleebs winaswar momzadebuli TviTSefasebis anketa da sTxoveT Seavson.

Seafase Sen mier Sesrulebuli samuSao:
Cabmuli var gakveTilis msvlelobaSi;
azris gamoTqmis dros ar meSinia Secdomis daSvebis;
Tu raime ar mesmis an gaurkvevelia, vekiTxebi maswavlebels an Tanaklaselebs;
aqtiuri var jgufuri muSaobis dros;
damoukideblad vkiTxulob teqsts da gamomaqvs azri;
vpoulob teqstSi saWiro informacias;
vcdilob moviZio informacia sxva wyaroebidan;
vcdilob, Cem mier moZiebuli informacia sxva saxiT – mag., cxrili, diagrama, grafiki
da sxv. gamovsaxo;
Cem mier moZiebul informacias, cdebis/eqsperimentebis Sedegebs vacnob Tanaklaselebs;
saSinao davalebas vamzadeb damoukideblad;
vatareb saSinao cdebs da praqtikul samuSaoebs;
vatareb gamosaTvlel gazomvebs.

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs, moemzadon Semajamebeli davalebisTvis proeqtze „namarxis

rekonstruqcia“.

81
Tavi II nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTili 6

Tema: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTilis saTauri: nivTierebebi Cven irgvliv
gakveTilis mizani:  moswavlem SeZlos yofa-cxovrebaSi gamoyenebuli niv-
Tierebebis dasaxeleba da msjeloba maTi Tvisebebis
Sesaxeb.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.5. moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis
aRwera da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: asaxelebs yofa-cxovrebaSi gamoyenebuli nivTierebebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs maTi Tvisebebis Sesaxeb.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. oqrosgan, ZiriTadad, amzadeben saiuveliro nakeTobebs, mag., beWeds, sayures,
samajurs, aseve WurWels da sxv. rkinisgan mraval nivTs amzadeben, mag., boqloms,
lursmans, kars, mesers, WanWiks da sxv. zogierTi am sxeulis damzadeba sxva niv-
Tierebisganac SeiZleba. mag., sayure da beWedi SeiZleba vercxlisganac damzad-
des, kari xisgan da a.S. Tumca zogierTi sxeulis damzadeba sxva nivTierebisagan
ar SeiZleba, mag., lursmani ar SeiZleba sxva nivTierebisgan damzaddes. maSasadame,
erTi da igive sxeuli SeiZleba sxvadasxva nivTierebisgan damzaddes da erTi da
igive nivTiereba SeiZleba sxvadasxva sxeulis dasamzadeblad gamoviyenoT.
2. saTamaSo manqana damzadebulia plastmasisgan, boqlomi – rkinisgan, Wiqa – minis-
gan, boti – rezinisgan; fanqris dasamzadeblad gamoyenebulia xe, rezina, rkina da
grafiti.
3. rkina, alumini, wyali, marili da sxv. rkina, alumini da marili myari nivTierebebia.
wyali Txevadi, ufero da usuno. marili TeTri ferisaa.
4. yvela sxeuli – cocxali Tu aracocxali, bunebrivi Tu xelovnuri nivTierebebis­
gan Sedgeba. nivTiereba, iseve rogorc sxeuli, SeiZleba iyos bunebrivi da xe-
lovnuri.
5. sxeuli: fanqari, oqros samajuri, rkinis gasaRebi, sarke, aluminis qvabi, Tixis
doqi, varskvlavi. nivTiereba: naxSiri, Saqari, marili, mina, rkina, wyali.
6. suraTze gamosaxuli sxeulebi erTi da igive nivTierebis – vercxlisganaa damza-
debuli.
7.
sxeuli nivTiereba
1. sufris marilis kristali v. sufris marili
2. lursmani d. rkina
3. wylis wveTi a. wyali
4. zeTis wveTi b. mcenareuli cximi
5. aluminis kovzi g. Aalumini
6. spilenZis sadeni z. spilenZi
7. Saqaryinulis natexi e. Saqari

82
gakveTili 7

Tema: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTilis saTauri: nivTierebis Tvisebebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos daakvirdes da Seadaros nivTierebebi
maTi Tvisebebis mixedviT, Sedegebi warmoadginos cxrilis
saxiT da gamoyos is Tvisebebi, romlebic am nivTierebis
gamoyenebas ganapirobebs.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.5. moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
aRwera da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: akvirdeba da adarebs nivTierebebs Tvisebebis mixedviT (mag.,
suni, bzinvareba, wvis unari, agregatuli mdgomareoba da
sxv.), Sedegebs warmoadgens cxrilis saxiT. aanalizebs da
gamoyofs Tvisebebs, romlebic am nivTierebebis gamoy-
enebas ganapirobebs;

gaixsene:
1) nivTierebis sxvadasxva mdgomareobas agregatuli mdgomareoba hqvia.
2) nivTierebebi gvxvdeba Txevad, airad (gazobriv) da myar agregatul mdgomareobaSi.
3) wyali.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. a) 
Sen irgvliv arsebuli sxeulebi SeiZleba erTi da igive nivTierebebisgan an
­ xvadasxva nivTierebisgan Sedgebodes. maT aseve SeiZleba hqondeT an ar hqon-
s
deT erTnairi forma, feri, suni, agregatuli mdgomareoba.
2
 . magaliTad, Wiqa. Aa) igi damzadebulia minisgan; b) minisgan sxva sxeulebis damzade-
bac SeiZleba, mag., magida, Tasi da sxv. g) Wiqis damzadeba aseve SeiZleba faifuris-
gan, vercxlisgan, xisgan, plastmasisgan.
3. magaliTad, fizikuri TvisebebiT msgavsia Saqari da marili. orive myari da TeTri
ferisaa; fizikuri TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba Saqari da spirti. Saqari myari da usu-
noa, xolo spirti Txevadi da suniani.
4. magaliTad, Saqari: myari, TeTri, usuno, wyalSi xsnadi, magniti ar izidavs.
5. a) magaliTad, wyali da zeTi. maT erTnairi agregatuli mdgomareoba aqvT: orive
Txevadia.
b) magaliTad, Sabiamani da gogirdi. maT gansxvavebuli feri aqvT.

Caatare cda:
1. aluminis naqlibi da rkina orive movercxlisfro, myari, usuno da mbzinvarea. B
2. magniti miizidavs mxolod rkinis naqlibs. G
3. wylian WiqaSi rkinisa da aluminis naqlibi CaiZireba.
4. rkinisa da aluminis naqlibi bevri TvisebiT emsgavseba erTmaneTs, magram erTi
Tviseba – magnitiT mizidvis unari – gansxvavebuli aqvT. maSasadame, isini sxvadasx-
va nivTierebebia.

83
 gakveTili 8

Tema: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTilis saTauri: agregatuli mdgomareoba
gakveTilis mizani:   oswavlem unda SeZlos daakvirdes da Seadaros nivTi­
m
erebebi maTi Tvisebebis mixedviT, ganasxvaos nivTiereba-
Ta Tvisebebis cvlilebebi da imsjelos am cvlilebebis
gamomwvev mizezebze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.5. moswavlem SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis aRwe­
ra da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: a kvirdeba da adarebs nivTierebebs Tvisebebis mixed-
viT (mag., suni, bzinvareba, wvis unari, agregatuli
mdgomareoba da sxv.), Sedegebs warmoadgens cxrilis
saxiT. aanalizebs da gamoyofs Tvisebebs, romlebic am
nivTierebebis gamoyenebas ganapirobebs;
ganasxvavebs nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis cvlilebebs (mag.,
formis, feris da agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla)
da msjelobs am cvlilebebis gamomwvev mizezebze (mag.,
gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba).

gaixsene:
1. myari: gogirdi, oqro, sufris marili, rkina, Sabiamani, spilenZi, vercxli.
Txevadi: acetoni, spirti, zeTi, Zmari.
airadi: azoti, Jangbadi, naxSirorJangi.
2. magaliTad, forma ecvleba siTxes: igi im WurWlis formas iRebs, romelSic asxia.
zogierTi myari sxeuli masze zemoqmedebis Sedegad icvlis zomasac da formasac.
magaliTad, mina masze zemoqmedebis Sedegad imsxvreva da Sesabamisad icvlis for-
masac da zomasac; aseve plastilini, romelic rbili myari sxeulia da advilad
icvlis formas da zomas.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. a, g, z – myari; b, e – airadi; v – Txevadi.
2. siTxe sxvadasxva formisa da erTi da igive moculobis WurWelSi Casxmisas icvlis
mxolod formas.
3. siTxes da airs myari nivTierebisgan gansxvavebiT aqvs advilad gavrcelebis Tvise-
ba.
4. airi kolbebSi Tanabrad gadanawildeba.

ifiqre:
1. saRebavis suns SeigrZnob, radgan saRebavi swrafad orTqldeba da rogorc yvela
airadi nivTiereba, mTel sivrceSi vrceldeba.

Caatare cda 1:
2.  a) haeri;
b) dasawyisSi SpricSi arsebuli haeri SeikumSeba da Seicvlis moculobas. Aamitom
dguSi gadaadgildeba im manZilze, ramdenic gamoTavisuflda SpricSi haeris Se-
kumSvis Sedegad da Semdeg gaCerdeba;
g) haeri icvlis moculobas SekumSvis Sedegad.

84
 3.  a) dguSma ar Seicvala mdgomareoba; b) SpricSi arsebuli wyali dguSis miwolisas
ar SeikumSa da Sesabamisad ar Seicvala moculoba.
4. sxvadasxva formis WurWelSi Casxmisas wyali iRebs WurWlis formas.
5.
myari X X V V
Txevadi V V X X
Aairadi V V X X

Caatare cda 2:
a)
siTxeebi Tvisebebi
wyali Txeli
zeTi blanti
Tafli sqeli, welvadi

wyali – Txeli, zeTi – blanti, Tafli – welvadi, sqeli.

Caatare cda 3:
buStis SigniT haeria.
buSti Sen mier gamonasunTqi haeriT gaibera. Tavis gaxsnis Semdeg CaiCuta.
Tu buSts Tavs gauxsni, masSi arsebuli haeri SigniT veRar darCeba. igi gareT gamova.
airi ikavebs mTel sivrces, sadac moxvdeba. buStidan gamosuli haeri ufro did sivrceSi
gaifanteba, magaliTad, oTaxSi, quCaSi.

gakveTili 9

Tema: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTilis saTauri: nivTierebis agregatuli mdgomareobis cvlileba
gakveTilis mizani:  oswavlem SeZlos ganasxvaos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis
m
cvlilebebi da imsjelos am cvlilebebis gamomwvev mize­
zebze; usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT Caataros cdebi
nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis cvlilebebis Sesaswavlad.
 avSiri esg-is standartis
k
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.5. moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis
aRwera da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle:  anasxvavebs nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis cvlilebebs (mag.,
g
formis, feris da agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla)
da msjelobs am cvlilebebis gamomwvev mizezebze (mag.,
gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba);
usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT atarebs cdebs nivTiereba-
Ta Tvisebebis cvlilebebis (mag., agregatuli mdgomare-
obis Secvla, wva, formis, feris da sunis Secvla) Sesas-
wavlad an asaxelebs magaliTebs yoveldRiuri cxovre-
bidan; Sedegebis analizis safuZvelze ganasxvavebs fizi-
kur da qimiur Tvisebebs.

Caatare cda N1:
(cdis Catarebis instruqcia ix. moswavlis wignSi)
wyali gayinvisas myar mdgomareobaSi gadadis. yinuli ki oTaxis temperaturaze garkveuli

85
 drois Semdeg galRobas iwyebs, sayinuleSi moTavsebis Semdeg zeTi sqeldeba da ufro
blanti xdeba, kargavs gamWvirvalobas. xeliT Sexebisas advilad lRveba, oTaxis tem-
peraturaze ki maleve ibrunebs gamWvirvalobas da Cveul siblantes.
daskvna: wyali 2 saaTSi gaiyina, zeTi ki – Jeleseburi gaxda, ar gaiyina. wylisa da zeTis
sayinuleSi moTavsebiT davadgineT, rom erTsa da imave temperaturaze wyali iyineba,
zeTi ki – ara.

Caatare cda N2:

cdis Casatareblad saWiro masala: 100 ml Zmari, gazqura.
muSaobis msvleloba:
1. daasxi Zmari tafaze da dadgi cecxlze.
2. daelode Zmris aduRebas.
cdis Sedegebi: Zmari maleve mTlianad aorTqlda.
daskvna: gacxelebis Sedegad Zmari Txevadi mdgomareobidan airad mdgomareobaSi gada-
vida.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. gavarvarebuli lava amofrqvevisas Txevad mdgomareobaSia, gacivebis Semdeg ki
myari xdeba.
2. maRal temperaturaze lRveba rkina, foladi, spilenZi. dabal temperaturaze
lRveba karaqi, Sokoladi, sanTeli.

gakveTili 10

Tema: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTilis saTauri: fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT Caataros
cdebi nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis cvlilebebis Sesaswav-
lad. gaaanalizos Sedegebi da ganasxvaos nivTierebaTa
fizikuri da qimiuri Tvisebebi.

 avSiri esg-is standartis

k
 un.VI.5. moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
aRwera da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT atarebs cdebs nivTiereba-
Ta Tvisebebis cvlilebebis (mag; agregatuli mdgomareo-
bis Secvla, wva, formis, feris da sunis Secvla) Sesas-
wavlad an asaxelebs magaliTebs yoveldRiuri cxovre-
bidan, Sedegebis analizis safuZvelze ganasxvavebs fizi-
kur da qimiur Tvisebebs.

GCaatare cda 1:
1. Saqari aris TeTri, usuno, tkbili, myari, wyalSi xsnadi nivTiereba. mas ar izidavs
magniti.
2. Saqari wyalSi gaixsna.
3. Wiqis fskerze Saqris kristalebi darCeba.
4. Saqris wvisas icvleba misi feri, suni, agregatuli mdgomareoba: igi wvis procesSi
jer gaTxevadda, gacivebis Semdeg ki isev gamyarda.
a) fizikuri movlena: Saqari wyalSi gaixsna, magram sxva nivTierebad ar gardaiqmna;

86
 b) qimiuri movlena: Saqari wvis procesSi sxva nivTierebad gardaiqmna – jer kara-
melad, Semdeg ki naxSirad. Gg) fizikuri movlenis dros nivTiereba ar gardaiqmneba
sxva nivTierebad, xolo qimiuri movlenis dros nivTiereba gardaiqmneba sxva niv-
Tierebad.

Caatare cda 2:
Zmari sodasTan reaqciaSi Seva da buybuys daiwyebs. warmoiqmneba naxSirorJangi da
buSti gaibereba.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. fizikuri movlenis dros nivTiereba ar gardaiqmneba sxva nivTierebad, xolo qimi-
uri movlenis dros nivTiereba gardaiqmneba sxva nivTierebad.
2. fizikuri movlenebia: wylis gayinva, wylis aorTqleba, spilenZis mavTulis ga-
brtyeleba, minis damtvreva da sxv.
3. qimiuri movlenebia: Saqris dawva, foTlebis gayviTleba, lpoba, sodisa da Zmris
Sereva.
4. fizikuri movlenebia: naTuris anTeba, uTos gacxeleba, Tovlis mosvla.
qimiuri movlenebia: sanTlis wva, cecxlsaqrobis gamoyeneba, Tevzis Sewva, aero-
zolis gamofrqveva.

ifiqre:
1. foTolcvena fizikuri movlenaa, radgan am dros foToli mxolod Camovarda
da sxva nivTierebad ar gardaiqmna. foTlebis lpoba qimiuri movlenaa, radgan am
dros foTolSi Semavali nivTierebebi sxva nivTierebebad gardaiqmna.
2. namcxvris cxobisas misi Semadgeneli ingredientebis nawili sxva nivTierebad gar-
daiqmneba, nawili ki – ara, amitom adgili aqvs rogoc fizikur, ise qimiur movle-
nebs.

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba da moswavleTa motivaciis amaRleba (10
wT)
waukiTxeT moswavleebs patara nawyveti:
„demetrem gaiRviZa, gazqura aanTo da zed Caidani Semodga. TviTon ki plastilinis-
gan figurebis Zerwva daiwyo. am saqmem ise gaitaca, rom verc ki SeamCnia, rogor aduRda
CaidanSi wyali. roca SigniT Caixeda, wyali aRar iyo. Semdeg fafis gakeTeba gadawyvita,
macivridan rZe gamoiRo da magidaze dado. swored am dros elene estumra. megobrebma
macivridan yinulis kubebi gamoiRes da samzareulos magidaze agorebdnen. male magida
dasvelda. cota xanSi Toma da elene saseirnod wavidnen. roca demetre Sin dabrunda,
mxolod maSin gaaxsenda rZe, magram rZe amJavebuli daxvda“.
dausviT moswavleebs kiTxvebi:
ra gaakeTa demetrem arasworad?
ra movlenebi SeniSne nawyvetSi? (gazis anTeba, plastilinis formis cvlileba, CaidanSi
wylis aduReba da wylis aorTqleba, yinulis dnoba, rZis amJaveba).
riT gansxvavdeba es movlenebi erTmaneTisgan? (yvela es movlena erTmaneTisgan gansx-
vavdeba warmoSobis mixedviT: zogierTi fizikuri movlenaa, zogi ki – qimiuri movlena).
ganumarteT maT, rom Cven garSemo mudmivad xdeba sxvadasxva movlena. zogierTi movlenis
Sesaswavlad maT mouwevT cdebis Catareba da fizikur da qimiur movlenebze dakvirveba.

2. codnis aqtualizacia – praqtikuli muSaoba (20 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs gaixsenon, ra aris movlena? (movlenaa nebismieri cvlileba,

romelsac sxeuli an nivTiereba ganicdis).
Semdeg aCveneT moswavleebs winaswar momzadebuli slaidi, romelzec mocemulia

87
 sxvadasxva fotoebi da sTxoveT maT, upasuxon kiTxvas: ra aerTianebs am fotoebs da
sad SeiZleba davakvirdeT suraTebze gamosaxul movlenebs? (fotoebze gamosaxulia
sxvadasxva bunebrivi movlena, zogierTi bunebaSi xdeba, zogi ki Cveni saqmianobis Sedegad);

sTxoveT moswavleebs, daasaxelon TiToeuli movlenis saxeli, gascen kiTxvebs pasuxebi

da Seavson cxrili: romeli nivTierebebi monawileoben suraTebze asaxul movlenebSi?
gamoTqvan varaudi, ra mosdis TiToeul nivTierebas am movlenis dros?

cxrili N1
movlenis saxeli nivTiereba, romelic ra cvlilebas ganicdis
monawileobs movlenaSi nivTiereba

cxrilis Sevsebis Semdeg ganixileT moswavleTa pasuxebi da sTxoveT maT upasuxon

kiTxvebs:
romeli movlenis dros warmoiqmneba axali nivTiereba?
rogor da ra niSnebis mixedviT SeiZleba davyoT warmodgenili movlenebi?

Semdeg aCveneT moswavleebs axali suraTebi da sTxoveT maT, aRweron isini, imsjelon,
xdeba Tu ara am dros nivTierebis cvlileba da gamoitanon daskvna, Tu rogori movle-
nebia naCvenebi suraTebze.
(pirvel suraTze Cans, rom wyali gaTbobisas orTqldeba, xolo gacivebisas iyineba.
meore suraTze Cans, rom spilenZis burTula, romelic advilad eteoda rgolSi, gaTbo-
bis Semdeg veRar eteva, xolo gacivebis Semdeg isev gaeteva. xolo mesame suraTze Cans,
rom haeriT savse kolbis gaTbobisas kolbaSi haeris moculobam moimata da kolbidan
sacobi amovarda).
maSasadame: marTalia, nivTierebebis cvlilebebi moxda, magram am cvlilebebis dros
wyali darCa wylad, spilenZi – spilenZad, xolo haeri – haerad. miuxedavad cvlilebebisa,
axali nivTierebebi ar warmoqmnila. es fizikuri movlenebia).

88
 rekomendacia:
yuradReba gaamaxvileT imaze, rom sxvadasxva cvlileba xdeba ara marto bunebriv
sxeulebSi, aramed xelovnur sxeulebSic, mag., naTuris anTeba.
ganumarteT moswavleebs: imisaTvis, rom erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaon fizikuri da qimiuri
movlenebi, maT mouwevT cdebis Catareba, dakvirvebis Sedegebis cxrilSi Cawera (cxrili
N2) da daskvnebis gamotana.

cxrili N2

cdebi dakvirveba daskvna

sTxoveT maT, imoqmedon Tqveni instruqciis mixedviT da amave dros daicvan usafrTxoe-
bis wesebi.
cda N1:
aiReT parafini da gaaTbeT spirtquris alze. daakvirdiT process da SeavseT cxrilis
Sesabamisi grafa.

cda N2:
a) minis sinjaras daaxureT milgayrili sacobi (ix. suraTi);

89
 b) Cade wylian WiqaSi milis bolo. xeliT gaaTbe sinjara. daakvirdi process da aRwere,
ras amCnev. (haeris moculoba masSi gaizrdeba da haeris nawili sinjaridan wylian WiqaSi
gamova haeris buStukebis saxiT);
g) Semdeg gaacie sinjara, isev daakvirdi process da aRwere, ras amCnev. (sinjaris
gacivebis Semdeg haeris moculoba Semcirdeba da sinjaraSi wyali Seva).
d) gamoitane daskvna: (haeris moculobis cvlileba fizikuri movlenaa).

cda N3:
cecxlis alze damWeriT daiWire TeTri puris naWeri, romelis organul nivTierebas
Seicavs da daakvirdi ra mouva mas. (puris naWeri fers Seicvlis, gaCndeba suni);
gamoitane daskvna: (moxda qimiuri movlena – warmoiqmna axali nivTiereba – naxSiri).

cda N4:
wylian WiqaSi Cayare saxamebeli, mourie da Semdeg daamate cotaodeni iodi. daakvirdi
ra mouva WiqaSi xsnars da aRwere, ras amCnev. (saxamebeli fers Seicvlis).
gamoitane daskvna: (moxda qimiuri reaqcia. saxamebeli gadaiqca sxva nivTierebad).

cda N5:
WiqaSi Cayare soda da daamate ramdenime wveTi Zmari an limonis wveni.
daakvirdi process da aRwere, ras amCnev. (warmoiqmna airis buStukebi).
gamoitane daskvna: (moxda qimiuri reaqcia. airis gamoyofa qimiuri reaqciis erT-erTi
niSania).

cda N6:
aiReT kvari da gaaTbeT spirtquris alze. daakvirdiT process da SeavseT cxrilis
Sesabamisi grafa.
cxrili N2 -is Sevsebuli nimuSi

cdebi dakvirveba daskvna

N1. parafiniT myari parafini spirtquris
alze gaTbobisas jer dar-
bilda, garkveuli drois
gasvlis Semdeg isev gamyarda.
N6. kvariT kvari gaSavda.
am procesis dros ar
Secvlila nivTiereba.
Seicvala mxolod misi mdgo-
mareoba da forma. anu adgili
aqvs fizikur movlenas.
warmoiqmna axali nivTiereba,
anu adgili aqvs qimiur movle-
nas.

sTxoveT moswavleebs imsjelon, riT gansxvavdeba cdebis dros momxdari movlenebi

erTmaneTisgan da gamoitanon daskvna: ra aris fizikuri da qimiuri movlena. (movlena,
romlis drosac icvleba sxeulis forma, zoma an nivTierebis agregatuli mdgomareoba,
nivTiereba ki ucvleli rCeba – es fizikuri movlenaa, xolo rodesac erTi nivTiereba
sxva nivTierebad gardaiqmneba, es qimiuri movlenaa).

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (5 wT)

ganumarteT moswavleebs, rom cocxal da aracocxal bunebaSi mudmivad mimdinareobs

sxvadasxva fizikuri da qimiuri movlena. cdebisa da dakvirvebis Sedegad davrwmundiT,
rom nivTierebebi SeiZleba Seicvalos. Cveni organizmic ki erTi nivTierebis sxva niv-
Tierebad gardaqmnis erTgvari qimiuri „fabrikaa“.
hkiTxeT moswavleebs, Catarebuli cdebis safuZvelze, xom ar aqvT pasuxi kiTxvaze,
rogor unda davadginoT, moxda Tu ara qimiuri reaqcia? pasuxebis mosmenis Semdeg aCveneT
slaidi: qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi.

90
reaqcia niSani
sawyisi nivTierebis feris cvlileba

gemos cvlileba

airis gamoyofa

siTbosa da sinaTlis gamoyofa,

sunis warmoqmna

naleqis warmoqmna an gaxsna

91
 4. Sefaseba (10 wT)

daurigeT moswavleebs winaswar momzadebuli furclebi testiT da sTxoveT maT CamoT-

vlilTagan amoicnon, romelia fizikuri da romeli qimiuri movlena. TiToeuli swori
pasuxi fasdeba 1 quliT.
1. tbaSi wyali gaiyina;
2. rkinis lursmani daJangda;
3. oqros mavTulisgan samkauli daamzades;
4. avtomobilis daqoqvisas benzini iwvis;
5. zamTarSi gakeTebuli Tovlis babuis figura gazafxulze galRva
6. wvimis Semdeg darCenili gubidan wyali aorTqlda;
7. comis mosamzadeblad sodas Zmari daasxes;
8. CaidanSi wyali aduRda;
9. tyviis naWeri azotis mJavaSi Caagdes da is „gaqra“, Tan am dros airi gamoiyo.
10. macivridan gamoRebuli yinuli kubi davarda da ramdenime patara yinulis natexad
daiSala.

pasuxebi:
fizikuri movlenebia: 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10.
qimiuri movlenebia: 2, 4, 7, 9.
moswavleebi aseve SeafaseT CarTulobis rubrikiT ( ix. Tavi Sefaseba).

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs Sin Seasrulon savarjiSo §3 da „ifiqre“ .

gakveTili 11

Tema: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTilis saTauri: organizmisTvis aucilebeli nivTierebebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos daaxasiaTos misTvis nacnobi zogierTi
nivTiereba da imsjelos cocxali organizmebisTvis maT
mniSvnelobaze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi:  un.VI.5. moswavlem SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis aRw-
b
era da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: axasiaTebs misTvis nacnob zogierT nivTierebas (mag.,
Jangbadi, wyali, naxSirorJangi) da msjelobs maT mniS-
vnelobaze cocxali organizmebisaTvis.

rekomendacia:
moswavleebma cdebi maswavleblis uSualo meTvalyureobis qveS unda Caataron.

Caatare cda 1:
Hhaeri, romelsac amoisunTqav, boTlis zeda nawilSi wylis adgils daikavebs. Ees aris
haeris is moculoba, romelic Sens filtvebSi eteva.

Caatare cda 2:
2. cota xanSi milidan gafarToebuli haeris buStukebi daiwyebs gamosvlas da male
meore sinjara mTlianad airiT gaivseba.

92
4. kvari kaSkaSa aliT ainTeba, rac imis maCvenebelia, rom sinjaraSi Jangbadi dagrov-
da.
5. sinjaraSi dagrovili airi – Jangbadia. igi ufero, usuno, gamWvirvale airia. igi
xels uwyobs wvas. Jangbadi haeris SemadgenlobaSi Sedis da yvela cocxal orga-
nizms sWirdeba sunTqvisTvis.

Caatare cda 3:
1. kiriani wyali aimRvra. Sens amonasunTq haerSi naxSirorJangia. cdis Sedegad Sen
naxSirorJangi aRmoaCine.
2. sanTlebis Caqroba damokidebulia maT sigrZeze. yvelaze adre Caqreba yvelaze
mokle sanTeli, radgan naxSirorJangi jer qilis fskerze grovdeba. xolo yvelaze
gvian Caqreba – yvelaze grZeli sanTeli.
3. roca sinjaraSi anTebul kvars Seitan, igi Caqreba, radgan sinjaraSi naxSirorJan-
gi dagrovda.
4. naxSirorJangi ufero, usuno da gamWvirvale airia. igi xels uSlis wvas. Jangbadi
da naxSirorJangi orive ufero, usuno da gamWvirvale airia. magram Jangbadi xels
uwyobs wvas, xolo naxSirorJangi piriqiT – xels uSlis wvas. Jangbadi yvela cocx-
al organizms sWirdeba sunTqvisTvis.

Gdakvirveba:
bardis marcvals gaRivebisa da arsebobisaTvis wyali da Jangbadi sWirdeba.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. haeri Sedgeba azotis, Jangbadis, argonis, naxSirorJangis, neonisa da sxva airebis-
gan.
2. adamianisa da cxovelisaTvis Jangbadi, xolo mcenarisTvis aseve naxSirorJangic.
3. wyalSi gaxsnili JangbadiT.
4. adamiani Jangbadis balonebs iyenebs wyalSi yvinTvisas (akvalangi) da maRal mTeb-
Si asvlisas. aseve maT uniSnaven im avadmyofebs, romelTac e.w. haeris ukmarisoba
awuxebT.
5. mwvane mcenareebi naxSirorJangs STanTqaven da Jangbads gamoyofen, amitom amazo-
nis tyeebi samarTlianad iwodeba `dedamiwis filtvebad~ da `Jangbadis fabrikad~,
radgan isini Cveni planetis haeris garss, anu atmosferos JangbadiT amarageben.
6. a) roca hava mSralia; Bb) roca gcxela; g) roca darbixar, mSrali havis da sicxis
dros, aseve sirbilisas, Cveni organizmidan oflis saxiT gamoiyofa wyali da mis
Sesavsebad met wyals vsvamT.

ifiqre:
1. a) xufis qveS dagrovda naxSirorJangi, romelic xels uSlis wvas da sunTqvisTvis
mavne airia.
g) mcenareebi mzis sxivebis zemoqmedebiT STanTqaven naxSirorJangs da gamoyofen
Jangbads, romelic xels uwyobs wvas. Aamitomac sanTeli xufis qveS Caiwva da ar
Caqra. Aamave dros JangbadiT sunTqavda Tagvic.
2. qsovilis Semoxvevisas cecxli JangbadTan aRar Sedis reaqciaSi da male qreba. sab-
nis Tavze gadafarebisas Jangbadis naklebobaa, amitom ase ar unda moiqceT.

93
 gakveTili 12

Tema: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTilis saTauri: saSiSi nivTierebebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos yofa-cxovrebaSi gamoyenebuli niv-
Tierebebis dasaxeleba da msjeloba maTi Tvisebebis
Sesaxeb; moiZios informacia sxvadasxva nivTierebis
miRebis an gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb da imsjelos am pro-
cesebis garemoze gavlenis Sesaxeb. 
 avSiri esg-is standartis
k
 un.VI.5. moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
aRwera da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
 edegi TvalsaCinoa,
S
Tu moswavle: asaxelebs yofa-cxovrebaSi gamoyenebuli nivTierebebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs maTi Tvisebebis Sesaxeb;
moiZiebs saTanado informacias sxvadasxva nivTierebis
miRebis an gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb; msjelobs, ra gavlenas
axdens es procesebi garemoze.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:

qimiuri nivTierebebis sayofacxovrebo

saxelwodeba daniSnuleba
feiri WurWlis recxva
laqebis amoyvana, TeTreulis recx-
eisi
va, abazanis dezinfeqcia
dixlofosi mavne mwerebis ganadgureba
qoTnis yvavilebis sasuqi

qimiuri nivTierebebis
sayofacxovrebo daniSnuleba
saxelwodeba
feiri movaridoT Tvals, pirs.
ar SeiZleba SesunTqva, movaridoT Tvals, pirs,
eisi kans, gamoyenebisas gavikeToT rezinis xelTaT-
manebi.
d i x l o - ar unda moxvdes TvalSi, kanze. ar SeiZleba
fosi cecxlTan axlos gafrqveva.
kanze moxvedris SemTxvevaSi, daibaneT xeli gam-
dinare wyliT.

ifiqre: feiri eisi dixlofosi

1. qimiuri preparatebis umetesoba zians ayenebs kans, frCxilebs. amis Tavidan asa­
cileblad umjobesia rezinis xelTaTmanebis gamoyeneba, romelic daicavs kans
maTi mavne zemoqmedebisgan.
2. qimiuri saSualebebis, saRebavebis umetesoba, aseve benzinic, advilad aalebadi
nivTierebebia. amitom maTi ganTavsebis adgilebSi sastikad akrZalulia moweva,
asanTis an sanTebelas anTeba.

94
 gakveTili 13

Tema: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTilis saTauri: nivTierebebi, adamiani da garemo
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos yofa-cxovrebaSi gamoyenebuli niv-
Tierebebis dasaxeleba da msjeloba maTi Tvisebebis
Sesaxeb; moiZios informacia sxvadasxva nivTierebis
miRebis an gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb da imsjelos am pro-
cesebis garemoze gavlenis Sesaxeb. 
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.5. moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis
aRwera da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: asaxelebs yofa-cxovrebaSi gamoyenebuli nivTierebebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs maTi Tvisebebis Sesaxeb;
moiZiebs saTanado informacias sxvadasxva nivTierebis
miRebis an gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb, msjelobs, ra gavlenas
axdens es procesebi garemoze.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. sxvadasxva nivTierebis gadamuSavebisas wyalSi Caedineba da haerSi gamoiyofa mom-
wamlavi nivTierebebi, romlebic uaryofiTad moqmedeben adamianis janmrTelo-
basa da garemoze.

gakveTili 14

Tema: nivTierebebis Tvisebebi

gakveTilis saTauri: qimiuri damwvroba da mowamvla

gakveTilis mizani:  moswavlem SeZlos yofa-cxovrebaSi gamoyenebuli niv-

Tierebebis dasaxeleba da msjeloba maTi Tvisebebis
Sesaxeb; moiZios informacia sxvadasxva nivTierebis
miRebis an gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb da imsjelos am pro-
cesebis garemoze gavlenis Sesaxeb.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.5. moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebaTa Tvisebebis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
aRwera da maTi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: asaxelebs yofa-cxovrebaSi gamoyenebuli nivTierebebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs maTi Tvisebebis Sesaxeb;
moiZiebs saTanado informacias sxvadasxva nivTierebis
miRebis an gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb; msjelobs, ra gavlenas
axdens es procesebi garemoze.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
suraTze Sxamqimikatebia naCvenebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba mRrRnelebsa da mavne mwerebTan
sabrZolvelad. maTi moxmarebis win yuradRebiT unda wavikiTxoT instruqcia da misi
gamoyenebis usafrTxoebis wesebi.
gavecnoT moxmarebis instruqcias da davicvaT usafrTxoebis wesebi.

95
 Caatare kvleva:
kvlevis saTauri: moqmedebs Tu ara sayofacxovrebo narCenebi garemos mdgomareobasa
da adamianis janmrTelobaze
kvlevis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos daadginos, rogor moqmedebs sayofacxovrebo nar-
Cenebi garemos mdgomareobasa da adamianis janmrTelobaze. gaacnobieros, rom SesaZle-
belia sayofacxovrebo narCenebis meoreuli gamoyeneba (reciklingi) ise, rom ar miayenos
ziani garemos.
kvlevis amocanebi: gamoikvlios narCenebis saxeebi; gaecnos sayofacxovrebo narCenebis
gadamuSavebis xerxebs; moiZios informacia narCenebis meoreuli gadamuSavebis Sedegebis
Sesaxeb; dasaxos sayofacxovrebo narCenebis meoreuli gamoyenebis gzebi.
kvlevis obieqti: myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebi da maTi meoreuli gamoyenebis xerxebi.
resursebi: specialuri konteinerebi an muyaos yuTebi, saswori, kalami, furceli,
kompiuteri, interneti.

samuSaos msvleloba kvlevis etapebis mixedviT:

1. sakvlevi Temis Sesaxeb informaciis gaxseneba, moZieba da Segroveba:

a) gaixsene, ra ici zogadad narCenebis, maT Soris, sayofacxovrebo narCenebis, da maTi

gadamuSavebis xerxebis Sesaxeb da upasuxe kiTxvebs:
ra saxis narCenebi arsebobs?
sad midis es narCenebi?
xdeba Tu ara maTi meoreuli gamoyeneba da ratom?
gsmenia Tu ara raime narCenebis daxarisxebis Sesaxeb?
axarisxeben Tu ara narCenebs Sens ojaxSi da Tavad Tu monawileob am procesSi?
xom ar gsmenia raime meoreulad gamoyenebuli sagnebis Sesaxeb?
Sen TviTon xom ar dagimzadebia raime?

b) moiZie axali informacia sayofacxovrebo narCenebis daxarisxebisa da gadamuSavebis

utilizaciis xerxebis Sesaxeb.
magaliTi – axali informacia: a) adamianebi yoveldRiurad sakmaod bevr sayofacxovrebo
narCens awarmoeben, buneba ki ver umklavdeba maT gardaqmnas. aRmoCnda, rom Cven mier mox-
marebuli zogierTi sagnis garemoSi gaxrwnis periodi imaze ufro bevrad xangrZlivia,
vidre adamianis sicocxle. mag.: narCenebis srulad daSlis dro qaRaldis xelsaxocisTvis
2-3 kviraa, gazeTisTvis – 1.5 Tve, rZis muyaos yuTisTvis – 5 weli, fenoplastis Wiqis­
Tvis – 50 weli, aluminis WiqisTvis – 200 weli, polieTilenis parkisTvis – 200- 1000 weli.

b) termini – 3R Sesabamisi sami sityvis (anu im sami qmedebis) pirveli asoebis erTob­
liobas warmoadgens, romlebic yvelaze mTavaria narCenebis marTvis procesSi. esenia:
Reduce – Semcireba; Reuse – xelaxali gamoyeneba; Recycle – reciklireba anu gadamuSaveba.

96
 2. hipoTezis wamoyeneba:

gamoTqvi Seni hipoTeza (varaudi) imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor moqmedebs sayofacxovrebo

narCenebi garemoze da adamianis janmrTelobaze; SesaZlebelia Tu ara maTi meoreuli
gamoyeneba garemosTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe.
hipoTezis magaliTi:
a) sayofacxovrebo narCenebi zians ayenebs garemos da uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamia-
nis janmrTelobaze;
b) SesaZlebelia sayofacxovrebo narCenebis meoreuli gamoyeneba garemosTvis zianis
miuyeneblad.

3. kvlevis dagegmva da Catareba:

1-li etapi: narCenebis daxarisxeba.

a) erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi daaxarisxe Seni ojaxis mier moxmarebuli sayofacxovrebo
narCenebi Semdeg kategoriebad: 1. qaRaldi (gazeTebi, Jurnalebi, naxmari xelsaxocebi,
muyaos yuTebi da sxv); 2. liTonis nivTebi (rkinis an aluminis qilebi, aerozolis balonebi
da sxv.); 3. plastmasisa da plastikatis nivTebi (erTjeradi WurWeli, boTlebi, qilebi,
polieTilenis parkebi da sxv.); 4. minis nivTebi (qilebi, boTlebi da sxv.); 5. kvebis narCe-
nebi. narCenebi moaTavse cal-calke konteinerebSi an muyaos yuTebSi.

b) sayofacxovrebo narCenebis daxarisxebis procesSi daakvirdi am sagnebze gamosaxul

sxvadasxva gamafrTxilebel niSans da Seecade gaSifro, Tu ras aRniSnavs es niSnebi da
axseni, ratomaa aucilebeli maTi codna.

97
 me-2 etapi: narCenebis awona
kviris ganmavlobaSi daxarisxebuli narCenebis TiToeuli kategoria awone da CainiSne
maTi masebi. monacemebi Seitane cxrilSi da gamoTvale narCenis saerTo masa. cxrilis
Sesadgenad gamoiyene Microsoft Excel-is programa.
magaliTi:

narCenebis kategoria masa

1. qaRaldi da misi saxeebi 1.5 kg
2. liTonis sagnebi 400 gr
3. plastmasis da plastikatis nivTebi 200 gr
4. minis sagnebi 1.5 kg
5. sxva 300 gr
sul 3 kg 600 gr

4. Sedegebis damuSaveba da analizi

davaleba №1. gamoTvale saSualod ramden sayofacxovrebo narCens awarmoebs Seni

ojaxis TiToeuli wevri kviris ganmavlobaSi.
magaliTi:
amisaTvis Sen mier Segrovili narCenebis saerTo masa 3kg da 600 gr gayavi Seni oja­
xis wevrTa raodenobaze (mag., 3-ze). miiReb narCenebis raodenobas erT sul mosaxleze
kviris manZilze: 3kg 600gr/3=1kg 200gr. Tu am ricxvs gadaamravleb Tvis dReebis (mag; 30
dRe) an weliwadis dReebis (365 dRe) ricxvze, miiReb Tqven mier warmoebuli narCenebis
raodenobas Tvis an wlis manZilze. mag; Tvis manZilze mxolod Tqven mier warmoebuli
sayofacxovrebo narCenebis masa iqneba 1 kg 200 gr . 30 = 36 kg., xolo wlis manZilze – 1 kg
200 gr . 30=438 kg
davaleba №2 . procentulad gamoTvale TiToeuli kategoriis sayofacxovrebo narCeni.
magaliTi:
1. qaRaldi da misi saxeebi – 1.5 kg . 100 : 3.6 kg = 41.6%
2. liTonis sagnebi – 0.4 kg. 100 : 3.6 kg = 11. %
3. plastmasis da plastikatis nivTebi – 0.2 kg . 100 : 3.6 = 5. 5%
4. minis sagnebi – 1.5 kg . 100 : 3.6 kg = 41.6%
5. sxva – 0.3 . 100 : 3.6 = 0.08 %
6. monacemebi SeitaneT Microsoft Excel-is programis cxrilis Sesabamis grafaSi.

narCenebis kategoria masa %

1. qaRaldi da misi saxeebi 1.5 kg 41.6
2. liTonis sagnebi 400 gr 11
3. plastmasis da plastikatis nivTebi 200 gr 5
4. minis sagnebi 1.5 kg 41.6
5. sxva 300 gr 0.08
sul 3 kg 600 gr 100

98
 miRebuli monacemebiT aage wriuli diagrama:

პლასტმასის ნივთები

მინა

ქაღალდი

rogorc cxrilidan da diagramidan Cans, sayofacxovrebo narCenebs Soris yvelaze

metia qaRaldi da minis sagnebi, xolo yvelaze cota – plastmasis nivTebi.

5. daskvnis gamotana da hipoTezis Semowmeba:

gamoitaneT daskvna da SeamowmeT hipoTeza: ra dadginda kvlevis Sedegad da dadas-

turda Tu ara Seni hipoTeza.
magaliTi:
kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom TiToeuli Cvenga-
nis ojaxi sakmaod didi raodenobiT agrovebs sayo-
facxovrebo narCenebs, romlebsac ar vaxarisxebT da
ise vyriT urnebSi, saidanac gaaqvT nagavsayrelebze.
isini uaryofiT zemoqmedebas axdenen garemoze. gar-
da amisa, nagavsayrelebze xdeba maTi dawva, rac kidev
ufro auaresebs garemos ekologiur mdgomareobas da
mavne zemoqmedebas axdens adamianis janmrTelobaze.
sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segrovebas, daxarisxebas,
Senaxvasa da gamoyenebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs garemosdacviTi kuTxiT. narCenebis uti-
lizaciis Sesamcireblad da Sesamsubuqeblad saWiroa maTi daxarisxeba; amrigad, Cveni
hopoTezebi dadasturda.

6. prezentacia da rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba

warmoadgine Sesrulebuli samuSao.

rekomendaciebi:
SeimuSave rekomendaciebi narCenebis Sesamcireblad.

magaliTi:
a) gatardes propagandistuli kampania: `davaxarisxoT sayofacxovrebo narCenebi“ ;
b) dasaxlebul punqtebSi daidgas sxvadasxvafrad SeRebili konteinerebi, sadac daxa­
risxebuli narCenebi Caiyreba;

99
 g) gaixsnas im sayofacxovrebo narCenebis mimRebi punqtebi, romelTa meoradi gamo­
yenebac SesaZlebelia.

d) sasurvelia vnaxoT Semdegi filmi: `adamianis ekologiuri kvali~, 4 nawili, (The Human
Foodprint) 2007 w. telearxi National Geographic. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LdI2JORLBE

7. Sefaseba

Seavse TviTSefasebis anketa:

1. kmayofili xar Tu ara muSaobis procesiT:
a) ki; b ) ara: g) ar vici; d) zogjer viyavi;
2. muSaobis procesSi SeiZine Tu ara axali codna: a) ki ; b) ara.
3. muSaobis procesSi gamogimuSavda an ganimtkiceT Tu ara raime axali unari: a) ki;
b) ara.
4. ra rols asrulebdi jgufSi muSaobisas; a) iniciatori, b) Semsrulebeli;
g) prezentatori; d) pasiuri damkvirvebeli.
5. yovelTvis axerxebdi samuSao gegmiT muSaobas: a) ki; b) ara; g) miWirs pasuxis gace-
ma;
6. gagiWirda Tu ara jgufSi muSaoba: a) ki; b) ara;
7. informaciis ra wyaroebTan mogiwia muSaoba: a) beWduri; b) eleqtronuli; g) sxva.
8. igrZeni Tu ara Tavi mkvlevarad: a) ki; b) ara; g) miWirs pasuxis gacema.
9. miiReb Tu ara momavalSi kidev monawileobas kvlevaSi: a) ki; b) ara; g) ar vici;
10. dawere, rogor gamoiyeneb miRebul gamocdilebas momavalSi?

8. damatebiTi aqtivoba

garemos narCenebisgan dasacavad dagegme da ganaxorciele ekoiniciativa „narCenebis

meore sicocxle – SevqmnaT sasargeblo sayofacxovrebo narCenebisgan“ .
saxlidan moitane is sayofacxovrebo narCenebi, romelTa meoradi gamoyenebac SeiZleba.
Seagrove da daaxarisxe isini: qaRaldebi, Jurnal-gazeTebi, Zveli wignebi Caabare makula-
turaSi; minis sagnebi – minis mimReb punqtebSi, xolo rkinis nivTebi – jarTSi. plastmasis
sagnebisgan SegiZlia daamzado sxvadasxva martivi sagani. mag., qoTnebi, naZvis xe da sxv.

100
Tavi III nivTiereba da narevi

gakveTili 15

Tema: nivTiereba da narevi

gakveTilis saTauri: sufTa nivTiereba da narevi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos ganasxvaos erTmaneTisgan nivTi­ereba
da narevi da CamoTvalos misTvis nacnobi bunebrivi
na­revebi.
 avSiri esg-is standartis
k
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.6. moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebisa da narevis
erTmaneTisgan gansxvaveba, narevis komponentebad dayo­
fis meTodebis gamoyeneba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: e rTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebs nivTierebasa da narevs, CamoT-
vlis misTvis nacnobi bunebrivi narevebis magaliTebs
(mag., haeri, sasmeli wyali, zRvis wyali, mineraluri
wyali, nebismieri kerZi da sxv.);
saWiro masala: cda 1-sTvis: rkinis naqlibi, gogirdi, magniti, wyali, Wiqa,
faifuris jami, kovzi, spirtqura.
cda 2-sTvis: 2 cali cecxlgamZle Wiqa, wyali, sufris

marili, Cais kovzi, 2 spirtqura, Termometri (wylis).

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. narevebs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mudmivad viyenebT, magaliTad, roca vamzadebT
Cais, yavas, kerZs, namcxvars da a.S.
2. Saqriani da mariliani wyali, niadagi da iodizirebuli marili narevebia, radgan
maTSi Semavali nivTierebebi inarCuneben maTTvis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebs.
3. adamiani mSeneblobaSi iyenebs betons, romelic qvis natexebis, kirqvis, xreSisa da
cementis narevia.
4. sufTa nivTiereba: wyali, Jangbadi, vercxli, oqro.
narevi: zRvis wyali, rZe, xilis wveni, haeri, tkbili Cai, kvamli, benzini.

GCaatare cda 1:
1. rkinis naqlibis fizikuri Tvisebebia: ufero, usuno, ugemo, myari, wyalSi uxsnadi,
izidavs magniti. Ggogirdis fizikuri Tvisebebia: moyviTalo feris, damaxasiaTe-
beli suni, myari, wyalSi ar sveldeba, ar izidavs magniti.
2. WuWyisferi – moyviTalo narevi.
3. rkinis naqlibi magnits miekvreba, gogirdi ki – ara.
4. rkinis naqlibi Wiqis fskerze daileqeba, gogirdi ki wylis zedapirze darCeba.
5. narevSi Semavali rkina da gogirdi TavianT Tvisebebs cal-calke inarCuneben.

Caatare cda 2:
1. narevi (marilwyali).
2. wyali ufro da ufro mlaSe gaxdeba.
3. ufro swrafad sufTa wyali aduRdeba. sufTa wylis duRilis temperaturaa 100
gradusi.
4. sufTa nivTiereba da narevi TvisebebiT erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba: sufTa niv-

101
 Tierebisgan gansxvavebiT narevis Sedgeniloba cvalebadia. narevis Tvisebebi mas-
Si Semavali nivTierebebis Tanafardobazea damokidebuli.

gakveTili 16

Tema: nivTiereba da narevi

gakveTilis saTauri: rogori narevebi arsebobs?
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem unda SeZlos daamzados erTgvarovani da
araerTgvarovani narevebi, Seadaros isini erTmaneTs da
imsjelos maT Soris msgavseba-gansxvavebaze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.6. moswavlem SeZlos nivTierebisa da narevis erT-
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
maneTisgan gansxvaveba, narevis komponentebad dayofis
meTodebis gamoyeneba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: amzadebs erTgvarovan da araerTgvarovan narevebs (mag.,
sufris marilis wyalxsnari, carcis fxvnilisa da wylis
narevi), adarebs maT da msjelobs maT Soris msgavsebasa
da gansxvavebebze;
C amoTvlis narevebis gamoyenebis magaliTebs yoveldRi-
uri cxovrebidan.
saWiro masala: cda 1-sTvis: sufris marili, 2 cali Wiqa, anaduRari wyali.
cda 2-sTvis: qimiuri Wiqebi, minis wkirebi, qimiuri kov-

zi, rkinis naqlibi, xis naxerxi, carcis fxvnili, wyali,
sufris marili, Saqari, zeTi, rZe.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. a) niadagi;
b) haeri;
g) marilwyali.
2. haeri erTgvarovani narevia, radgan misi Semadgeneli nawilakebi metad daquc-
macebul mdgomareobaSi arian da maTi TvaliT an optikuri xelsawyoTi aRmoCena
da gansazRvra SeuZlebelia. niadagi araerTgvarovani narevia, radgan misi Semad-
geneli nawilakebis – qviSis, Tixis, marilebis, organuli nivTierebebis SemCneva
SesaZlebelia Tu TvaliT ara, optikuri xelsawyoebiT mainc.
3. oTaxSi sufTa haeri Semova, romelic Jangbads Seicavs da oTaxSi arsebul haers
Seereva.
4. erTgvarovani narevebia: mariliani wyali, yava, Cais nayeni, mineraluri wyali,
Saqriani wyali, Zmriani wyali;
araerTgvarovani narevebia: carciani wyali, naxerxisa da qviSis narevi, qviSisa da
wvrili kenWebis narevi, zeTgareuli wyali.

Caatare cda 1:G

a ) sufris marilis wyalSi gaxsnis Sedegad erTgvarovani narevi miiReba.
b) marili wyalSi gaixsna.

Caatare cda 2:
erTgvarovan narevebs miiReb wylisa da sufris marilis, wylisa da rZis, wylisa da
Saqris Serevis Sedegad, xolo araerTgvarovan narevebs – wylisa da xis naxerxis, wylisa

102
da rkinis naqlibis, xis naxerxisa da rkinis naqlibis, zeTisa da carcis fxvnilis, wylisa
da zeTis Serevis Sedegad.

gakveTili 17

Tema: nivTiereba da narevi

gakveTilis saTauri: narevebis dayofa
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos Sesabamisi fizikuri meTodis (mag.,
gafiltvra, dawdoma, amoSroba, gacra) gamoyenebiT
gamoyos narevidan misi komponentebi da fizikuri
meTodebis gamoyenebisas daicvas usafrTxoebis wesebi.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.6. moswavlem unda SeZlos nivTierebisa da narevis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
erTmaneTisgan gansxvaveba, narevis komponentebad dayo­
fis meTodebis gamoyeneba.
 edegi TvalsaCinoa,
S
Tu moswavle: maswavleblis miTiTebiT gamoyofs narevidan mis rome-
lime komponents Sesabamisi fizikuri meTodis (mag.,
gafiltvra, dawdoma, amoSroba, gacra) gamoyenebiT;
i rCevs da usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT iyenebs Sesabamis
meTodebs (mag., amoSroba, gacra, gamoxda, gafiltvra,
dawdoma) narevis komponentebad dasayofad cxovrebi-
seul situaciaSi;
C amoTvlis narevebis gamoyenebis magaliTebs yoveldRi-
uri cxovrebidan.
saWiro masala:  arciani wyali, qvebisa da wvrili kenWebis narevi, naxer­
c
xisa da qviSis narevi, mariliani wyali, rkinis naqlibisa
da xis naxerxis narevi.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. zRvis wyals specialur rezervuarSi agroveben, saidanac xdeba misi aorTqleba.
rezervuaris saxuravze xdeba aorTqlebuli wylis kondensacia da iqidan speci­
aluri milebis saSualebiT mtknari wyali sxva rezervuarebSi xvdeba, xolo mTa-
vari rezervuaris fskerze zRvis marili rCeba.
2. a) magnitis saSualebiT;
b) aorTqlebis xerxs;
g) gafiltvris xerxs;
d) distilaciis xerxs.
3. CaidanSi wylis duRilis Sedegad wyalSi arsebuli nivTierebebi rCeba TeTri feris
naleqis saxiT.
4. a) magnitiT;
b) saceri;
g) distilaciis aparatiT;
d) wyliani WurWeli.

ifiqre:
1. sveli qviSa Cayare raime WurWelSi da daelode mis daleqvas. WurWlis fskerze
qviSa daileqeba, zemoT ki wyali darCeba.
2. Tavdapirvelad magnitis saSualebiT rkinis naqlibs gamoacalkeveb, Semdeg ki qvi-

103
 Sisa da marilis narevs daasxi wyali, ris Sedegadac marili wyalSi gaixsneba, xolo
qviSa WurWlis fskerze daileqeba. marilwyali dadgi spirtquraze da aduRe manam,
sanam wyali sul ar daSreba. wylis daSrobis Semdeg WurWelSi marilis kristalebi
darCeba.

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. Sesavali – winare codnis gaaqtiureba (5 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaixsenon naswavli masala da upasuxon kiTxvebs:

ra gansxvavebaa sufTa nivTierebasa da narevs Soris?
razea damokidebuli narevis Tvisebebi?
rogori narevebi arsebobs?

2. teqstze muSaoba mozaikis meTodiT da praqtikuli samuSaoebi (25 wT)

rekomendacia: SesaZlebelia yvela cda ar CaataroT da maswavlebelma Tavad SearCios

is cdebi, romlebsac Caatareben.
sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaiTvalon 1-5-ze da SeqmeniT 5 kaciani e.w. pirveladi jgufebi.
winaswar dayaviT saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqsti 5 nawilad – ise rom TiToeuli
nawili narevebad dayofis erT romelime meTods exebodes. ZiriTad jgufebSi monawileebs
eZlevaT 1-dan – 5-mde nomrebi da teqstis Sesabamisi nawili. mag; pirveli nomrebi kiTxu-
loben narevis dayofis xerxs – dawdomas, meore nomrebi – amotivtivebas da a.S. drois
gasvlis mere yoveli pirveli, meore, mesame, meoTxe da mexuTe nomeri uyveba jgufs mis
mier wakiTxuli teqstis nawils. sabolood jgufis yvela wevrs aqvs informacia narevebis
dayofis yvela xerxis Sesaxeb.
mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi gaecnobian narevebis dayofis xerxebs, dayaviT isini 4
jgufad da yvela jgufs mieciT cdis Casatarebeli saWiro masala da cdis Catarebis
instruqcia. TiToeuli jgufi atarebs 1 cdas.

cda N1 – narevis komponentebad dayofa dawdomis meTodiT

saWiro masala: dafxvnili carci an kbilebis sawmendi fxvnili; qviSiani Tixa; mcena-
reuli zeTi. aRWurviloba/WurWeli; 3 cilindri rezinis sacobiT; minis wkiri; 3 qimiuri
Wiqa, 200 ml wyali.
cdis Catarebis instruqcia:
3 wylian cilindrSi, romlebsac morgebuli aqvs sacobebi, CayareT: pirvelSi carcis
fxvnili (SeiZleba kbilis fxvnilis gamoyenebac), meoreSi – qviSiani Tixa, mesameSi CaasxiT
mcenareuli zeTi. mourieT minis wkiriT; cilindrebi 15-20 wuTiT datoveT. daakvirdiT
process da rveulSi CainiSneT dakvirvebis Sedegebi; Semdeg wyali TiToeuli cilin-
dridan qimiur WiqebSi frTxilad gadaasxiT ise, rom dawdomili nawilakebi kvlav ar
Seerios wyals;
daadgineT, ra tipis narevebi miiReT da narevis dayofis ra xerxi gamoiyeneT?

daicaviT usafrTxoebis wesebi:

moswavleebi unda moeridon iatakze wylis dasxmas, radgan svel iatakze SeiZleba fexi
aucurdeT da waiqcnen.

cda N2
saWiro masala: qviSa; korpis sacobis naxerxis/naqlibi, minis wkiri, wyliani Wiqa.
cdis Catarebis instruqcia:
daamzadeT qviSisa da korpis sacobis naxerxis/naqlibis narevi; CayareT narevi wylian
WiqaSi da SeanjRrieT an mourieT minis wkiriT;
gansazRvreT, ra tipis narevi miiReT, SearCieT narevis dayofis meTodi da dayaviT
narevi komponentebad; rveulSi CainiSneT dakvirvebis Sedegebi.

104
 cda N3
saWiro masala: Sabiamani; gogirdi; 2 faifuris rodini, wyliani Wiqa, minis wkiri.
cdis Catarebis instruqcia:
gaafxviereT faifuris erT rodinSi Sabiamnis, meoreSi – gogirdis kristalebi; SeurieT
miRebuli fxvnilebi erTmaneTs; CayareT narevi wylian WiqaSi da SeanjRrieT an mourieT
minis wkiriT;
gansazRvreT, ra tipis narevi miiReT, SearCieT narevis dayofis meTodi da dayaviT
narevi komponentebad; rveulSi CainiSneT dakvirvebis Sedegebi.

cda N4
saWiro masala: Saqris fxvnili; saxamebeli; wyliani Wiqa, minis wkiri, filtris qaRaldi,
iodis spirtxsnari 1-2 wveTi,
cdis Catarebis instruqcia:
SeurieT erTmaneTs saxamebeli da Saqris fxvnili; CayareT narevi wylian WiqaSi da
mourieT minis wkiriT; miRebuli narevi gafiltreT; gasinjeT filtratis gemo; filtrze
darCenil narevis nawils daawveTeT iodis spirtxsnaris 1-2 wveTi;
gansazRvreT, ra tipis narevi miiReT, SearCieT narevis dayofis meTodi da dayaviT
narevi komponentebad; rveulSi CainiSneT dakvirvebis Sedegebi.

rekomendaciebi:
Sabiamnis da gogirdis fxvnilebis narevs moswavleebi xSirad erTgvarovan nivTierebad
Tvlian, mas Sabiamans uwodeben.
usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT gaiTvaliswineT, rom Sabiamani toqsikuria. sasurvelia,
ganzavebuli Sabiamnis gamoyeneba, radgan is naklebad toqsikuria; aucilebelia damcavi
saTvaleebisa da xelTaTmanebis gamoyeneba.

cdebis Catarebis Semdeg jgufebi warmoadgenen TavianT dakvirvebis Sedegebs da

daskvnebs.
pirveli cdis SemTxvevaSi moswavleTa prezentaciis da msjelobis Semdeg SeajereT
moswavleebis pasuxebi da maTTan erTad daadgineT, rom samive SemTxvevaSi miiReba araerT-
gvarovani narevi;
moswavleebis mier aRricxuli monacemebis ganxilvis Semdeg maTTan erTad gamoitaneT
daskvna, rom SeiniSneba narevebis TandaTanobiT dawdomis procesi (Sreebis warmoqmna):
pirvelad dawdeba msxvili nawilakebi, Semdeg – wvrili da a.S. yvelaze didxans Setivtive-
bul mdgomareobaSi rCeba uwvrilesi nawilakebi. Sesabamisad, pirvelad gamoileqeba Tixis
nawilakebi (Tu carci Zalian msxviladaa dafxvnili, SesaZloa is ufro adre daileqos).
yvelaze gvian dawdeba zeTisa da wylis narevi. is yvelaze didxans rCeba mRvrie.
msjelobis Sedegad moswavleebTan erTad daadgineT, rom cilindrebidan wylis frTxi-
lad gadasxmiT SesaZlebelia samive narevis dayofa komponentebad: calke miiReba wyali
da calke masSi Sereuli nivTierebebi: carcis fxvnili, Tixa an zeTi. aqve aRniSnavT, rom
zeTis da wylis erTmaneTisgan dacileba sxva meTodiTac SeiZleba.
meore cdis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebTan erTad ganixileT cdis Sedegebi da daexmareT
moswavleebs daskvnis CamoyalibebaSi: wylis, qviSisa da korpis sacobis naxerxis Serevisas
miiReba araerTgvarovani narevi. korpis nawilakebi tivtiveben wyalSi, qviSa ileqeba Wiqis
fskerze. wylis frTxilad gadaRvris SemTxvevaSi Wiqis fskerze darCeba qviSa.
hkiTxeT moswavleebs: ra gziT SeiZleba wylisa da korpis naxerxis narevis komponen-
tebad dayofa?
SeiZleba moswavleebis nawilma gamoTqvas varaudi, rom SesaZlebelia narevis gafilt-
vra, sxvebma ki aorTqlebis meTodi airCion; daexmareT moswavleebs daskvnis gamotanaSi,
rom myari nivTierebebis narevis komponentebad dasayofad saWiroa narevis wyalSi Cayra
da Semdeg gafiltvris an aorTqlebis meTodebiT calkeuli komponentis gamoyofa.
mesame cdis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebTan erTad ganixileT cdis Sedegebi da daexma-

105
 reT maT daskvnis CamoyalibebaSi: Sabiamnisa da gogirdis fxvnilebis Serevisas miiReba
araerTgvarovani narevi. es Cans narevis wyalSi Cayris Semdeg: Sabiamani wyalSi gaixsneba,
xolo gogirdi nawilobriv amotivtivdeba.
hkiTxeT moswavleebs: ra gziT SeiZleba wylis, Sabiamnisa da gogirdis fxvnilebis nare-
vis komponentebad dayofa?
SesaZlebelia moswavleebma damoukideblad/maswavleblis daxmarebiT gamoTqvan mosaz-
reba, rom gogirdis mocileba SeiZleba gafiltvriT, xolo Sabiamnis – aorTqlebiT.
daexmareT moswavleebs daskvnis gamotanaSi, rom myari naerTebis narevis komponen-
tebad dasayofad saWiroa narevis wyalSi Cayra da Semdeg gafiltvris an aorTqlebis
meTodebiT calkeuli komponentis gamoyofa.
meoTxe cdis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebTan erTad ganixileT cdis Sedegebi da daexmare­T
maT daskvnis CamoyalibebaSi: wylis, saxameblisa da Saqris fxvnilis Serevisas miiReba
erTgvarovani narevi. gafiltvris Sedegad saxamebeli darCa filtris qaRaldze, xolo
Saqari aRmoCnda filtratSi.
hkiTxeT moswavleebs: miRebuli filtrati rogori narevia – erTgvarovani Tu araerT-
gvarovani? rogor gamoyofT am narevidan Saqars? ra moxda filtrze darCenil naleqze
iodis spirtxsnaris dawveTebisas da ris maCvenebelia es Sedegi?
moswavleebi damoukideblad an maswavleblis daxmarebiT gamoTqvamen mosazrebas, rom
am narevidan Saqris gamoyofa SesaZlebelia aorTqlebis an gamoxdis gziT, xolo filtris
qaRaldze iodis spirtxsnaris dawveTebisas warmoqmnili iisferi Seferiloba miuTiTebs,
rom filtris qaRaldze namdvilad saxamebelia.

rekomendacia:
sasurvelia yuradReba gamaxvildes imaze, rom erTi da igive narevi komponentebad
SeiZleba sxvadasxva meTodiT daiyos. amgvarad, moswavleebi iswavlian sxvadasxva meTodi-
dan optimaluris SerCevas.

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (5 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, Catarebuli cdebis safuZvelze gamoitanon daskvna, ra xerxebiT

aris SesaZlebeli narevebis dayofa. (myari nivTierebebis narevis komponentebad dayofa
SesaZlebelia dawdomis, gafiltvris, aorTqlebis saSualebiT; narevSi nivTierebebi inar-
Cuneben TavianT Tvisebebs; erTi da imave narevis komponentebad dayofa SesaZlebelia
sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyenebiT.)
dasasruls mokled SeajameT gakveTili da xazi gausviT im faqts, rom narevis dayofa
xSirad gvWirdeba yofa-cxovrebaSi.

4. Sefaseba (5 wT)

SeEafaseT moswavleebi Semdegi Sefasebis rubrikebiT: jgufuri muSaoba, cdis/eqsperi-

mentis Catareba (ix. Tavi `Sefaseba~)

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs, saxlSi Seasrulon savarjiSoebi N 2, 3, 4 da „ifiqre“.

Caatare kvleva:
cdebis gamoyenebiT Caatare kvleva – rogor gamovyoT nivTiereba narevidan.
cdis Casatareblad saWiro masala: sufris marili, rkinis naqlibi, qviSa, filtris
qaRaldi, Zabri, qimiuri Wiqa, magniti, wyali.
muSaobis procesSi moswavleebi avseben cxrils, romelic dasrulebuli saxiT aseTia:

106
narevebis dayofis safexurebi
mSrali narevis SEedgeniloba
narevi gafiltvramde
narevi gafiltvris Semdeg
mSrali narevi magnitis miaxloebis Semdeg
samuSaos aRwera
sufris marili, rkinis naqlibi, qviSa.
araerTgvarovani: davasxi wyali, sufris marili
gaixsna wyalSi.
marilwyali gavida filtris qaRaldSi, filtrze
darCa rkinis naqlibi da qviSa.
magnitma rkina miizida.

upasuxe kiTxvebs:
a) rogoria sakvlevi narevi?
araerTgvarovani – marili wyalSi xsnadia, naqlibi da rkina – ara.
b) daasabuTe, ra principiT SearCie narevisgan nivTierebebis gamoyofis meTodi?
Tavdapirvelad gamoviyene gafiltvris meTodi. filtris rols ZabrSi Cafenili fil-
tris qaRaldi asrulebs. narevs unda davasxaT wyali. sufris marili wyalSi gaixsneba.
siTxe, anu marilwyali gadis filtris forebSi, rkinis naqlibisa da qviSis nawilakebi ki
filtris zedapirze rCeba. Semdeg unda gamoviyenoT magniti. filtrze darCenili mSra-
li fxvnilis – rkinis naqlibisa da qviSis narevis gancalkeveba magnitiTaa SesaZlebeli,
radgan rkinas magniti izidavs.
sakvlev narevSi myari nivTierebebis – qviSisa da rkinis naqlibis siTxisgan gancalkeveba
dawdomiTacaa SesaZlebeli. narevis dayovnebiT uxsnadi minarevebi TandaTan daileqeba
WurWlis fskerze. siTxis zeda, erTgvarovan fenas ki gadawurviT moaSoreben.
g) mocemuli meTodebidan romliT SeiZleba carcisa da wylis narevis dayofa?
a) rogorc I-iT, ise II-iT
b) rogorc I-iT, ise III-iT
g) rogorc II-iT, ise III-iT
d) samive meTodiT (swori pasuxi)

d) ifiqre: rogor moiqceodi sawyis narevSi zeTis minarevic rom yofiliyo?

am SemTxvevaSi dawdomis Semdeg gamyofi Zabris gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia ori erTma-
neTSi uxsnadi siTxis – wylisa da zeTis daSoreba. zeTis msubuqi fena wylis zedapirze
moeqceva. Zabris qveda nawilSi moTavsebuli onkanis gaxsnisas Zabridan jer wyali Camoe-
dineba, Semdeg ki – zeTi.

107
Tavi IV adamianis organizmi

gakveTili 18

Tema: adamianis organizmi

gakveTilis saTauri: adamianis sxeulis nawilebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavle SeZlebs amoicnos da daasaxelos adamianis
organizmis calkeuli organoebi da daajgufos isini
sistemebad.
 avSiri esg-is standartis
k
 un.VI.2. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis organizmis,
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
rogorc erTi mTlianis ganxilva.
 edegi TvalsaCinoa,
S
Tu moswavle: adamianis sxeulis modelze gansazRvravs organoebis
ur­TierTganlagebas.

gaixsene:
1. mcenaris organoebia: fesvi, Rero, foToli, yvavili, nayofi, Tesli.
2. mcenares fesvi niadagSi amagrebs, wyliT da masSi gaxsnili marilebiT amaragebs;
Reros gamtari funqcia aqvs – wyali da sakvebi nivTierebebi gadaaqvs aRmavali
da daRmavali mimarTulebiT, foToli sakvebis Seqmnis ZiriTadi adgilia, nayofi
Teslis gavrcelebas da dazianebisgan dacvas emsaxureba, Tesli gamravlebis saSu-
alebaa.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. momnelebeli sistemis organoebia: saylapavi, kuWi, wvrili nawlavi, msxvili naw-
lavi.
gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemas gadaaqvs Jangbadi da sakvebi sxeulis yvela nawilSi.
mas aseve gaaqvs mavne nivTierebebi sxvadasxva organodan.
Tqveni sxeulis sxvadasxva nawils ewodeba organoebi. zogierTi maTgani erTo-
blivad asrulebs saerTo samuSaos da es organoTa sistemebia.
2. nervuli sistemis organoebia: Tavis tvini, zurgis tvini, nervebi.

1 2 3 4 5
g, a, b, a, b,
z, b, d, g, k
i d, k e
e,
v,
z,
i,
k

4. gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemis organoebia: guli, venebi, kapilarebi, arteriebi.

108
 organoTa sistema ra samuSaos asrulebs
gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistema gadaaqvs sakvebi, Jangbadi da zedmeti narCenebi
Cvens sxeulSi.
nervuli sistema gatyobinebs Tu ra xdeba Cven garSemo.
sunTqvis sistema gvamaragebs JangbadiT da gamoyofs naxSiror-
Jangs.
saWmlis momnelebeli sistema gadaamuSavebs sakvebs da energiiT amaragebs or-
ganizms.

gakveTili 19

Tema: adamianis organizmi

gakveTilis saTauri: ConCxi da kunTebi
gakveTilis mizani: teqstze dayrdnobiT moswavlem daadginos adamianis
organizmisTvis ConCxis mniSvneloba. Sesasrulebeli
funqciebis mixedviT daajgufos kunTebi da Zvlebi. dak-
virvebis safuZvelze imsjelos organoTa SeTanxmebuli
muSaobis mniSvnelobaze.
 avSiri esg-is standartis
k
 un.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
 un.VI.2. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis organizmis,
b
rogorc erTi mTlianis ganxilva.
 edegi TvalsaCinoa,
S
Tu moswavle:  vams Sesabamis kiTxvebs da iyenebs kvlevis sxvadasxva
s
xerxs maTze pasuxis misaRebad;
a saxelebs sxvadasxva organos SeTanxmebuli moqmedebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs organoTa SeTanxmebuli muSao-
bis mniSvnelobaze;
a moicnobs adamianis zogierT organos (mag., Zvali, kunTi)
da aRwers maT daniSnulebas;
a saxelebs sxvadasxva organos SeTanxmebuli moqmedebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs organoTa SeTanxmebuli muSao-
bis mniSvnelobaze;
a jgufebs sxvadasxva organos funqciis mixedviT (mag.,
kunTebi da Zvlebi – sxeulis moZraoba da dacva).
saWiro masala: varaudebis sqema.

gaixsene:
1. xerxemlian cxovelebs, sxva cxovelebisgan gansxvavebiT, aqvT Zvlovani Sinagani
ConCxi.
2. xerxemliani cxovelebis jgufebia: Tevzebi, amfibiebi, qvewarmavlebi, frinvelebi,
ZuZumwovrebi.

dakvirveba:
adamianis ConCxi Sedgeba Semdegi ZiriTadi nawilebisgan: Tavis qala, xerxemali, neknebi,
zeda da qveda kidurebis Zvlebi.

109
 praqtikuli:
1. kunTebis boloebi mimagrebulia sxvadasxva Zvalze.
3. kunTis orive bolo rom erT Zvalze iyos mimagrebuli, am Zvals ver aamoZravebda.
4. xelis moxra da gaSla urTierTsawinaaRmdego procesebia, amitom isini mxolod
morigeobiT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. suraTze zeda rigSi arian cxovelebi: lama, bayayi, spilo.
qveda rigSi – niangi, ZaRli.
3. daasrule winadadebebi:
Seni Zvlebi da kunTebi erTad qmnian sayrden-mamoZravebel sistemas.
Zvlebs Soris mdebareobs saxsrebi, romlebic moZraobaSi gexmareba.
kunTebi wyvilebad arian ganlagebuli.
rodesac wyvili kunTidan erTi SekumSulia, meore modunebulia.

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. winare codnis dadgena-gaaqtiureba, minileqcia (3 wT)

gaacaniT moswavleebs gakveTilis Tema da mizani da dausviT kiTxvebi:

1. ra niSniT gamoarCeven sxva cxovelebisgan xerxemlianebs?
2. xerxemlian cxovelTa romel jgufebs icnobT?
3. Tqveni azriT, ra aris ConCxi?
3. Tqveni azriT, ra daniSnuleba aqvs ConCxs cxovelis da adamianis organizmisTvis?
4. ratom hqvia zogierT cxovelTa jgufs – fexsaxsrianebi? rogor axsni am sityvis
arss?

moismineT moswavleTa pasuxebi da auxseniT, rom sxeulis yvela Zvals erTad ConCxi
ewodeba. ConCxis Zvlebi erTmaneTTanaa dakavSirebuli da sxeuls formas aniWebs. amave
dros dazianebisgan icavs sxeulis organoebs: filtvebs, guls, RviZls, nawlavebs. qala
da xerxemali ki Tavis da zurgis tvins icavs.
ConCxi rom ar gvqondes, Cveni sxeuli imdenad rbili iqneboda, rom siaruls, xtunvas
da fexze dgomasac ki ver SevZlebdiT. ConCxis Zvlebi Cveni sxeulis sayrdenia.

2. ilustraciaze muSaoba (5 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, imuSaon individualurad, daakvirdnen ilustracias (rubrika

„dakvirveba“) da suraTis mixedviT daadginon, romeli ZiriTadi nawilebisgan Sedgeba
adamianis ConCxi.
moismineT moswavleTa pasuxebi da uTxariT, rom zrdasruli adamianis ConCxi daax-
loebiT 206 sxvadasxva Zvlisgan Sedgeba.
sTxoveT moswavleebs, marjvena xeliT moisinjon marcxena xelis guli da TiTebi. amis
Semdeg dausviT SekiTxva: ras SeigrZnobT? moismineT moswavleTa pasuxebi da auxseniT,
rom adamianis sxeuli uamravi patara da didi Zvlisgan Sedgeba.

3. varaudis gamoTqma, namuSevris wardgena (10 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaecnon kiTxvebs (romelic varaudebis sqemaSia mocemuli) da

TavianTi varaudebi Camoweron sqemis marcxena svetSi. moismineT moswavleTa varaudebi.
maTi naazrevi CamowereT dafaze.

110
Cemi varaudi viswavle
ra mniSvneloba aqvs ConCxs?

rogor fiqrob, ra SeuZlia kunTebs?

Seni azriT, ras niSnavs sayrden-mamoZrave-

beli sistema?

Seni azriT, rogor moZraobs adamianis

sxeuli?

Seni azriT, ra aris saxsari?

4. teqstis kiTxva, wakiTxulis Sejameba (12 wT)

mieciT klass davaleba: individualurad waikiTxon teqsti; Seajeron informacia da

miRebuli codnis safuZvelze Seavson sqemis marjvena sveti. sTxoveT moswavleebs, Seada-
ron TavianTi varaudebi axal informacias.

rekomendacia:
darwmundiT, rom moswavleebisTvis yvelaferi gasagebia, Tu rame gaugebaria maTTvis,
ganumarteT; cxrili winaswar dauwereT formatze, an gaakeTeT qseroasli da daurigeT.
varaudebis sqemis Sevseba SesaZlebelia individualurad an jgufebSi.

5. gakveTilis Sejameba, praqtikuli samuSao (15 wT)

klasSi warmarTeT msjeloba Semdegi SekiTxvebis safuZvelze:

1. gamarTlda Tqveni varaudi?
2. ra gaigeT axali?
masalis ukeT gaazrebis mizniT moswavleebs mieciT praqtikuli davaleba: daakvirdnen
sakuTar sxeulze zeda kidurebis kunTebisa da saxsrebis muSaobas. klasSi warmarTeT
msjeloba mocemuli SekiTxvebis safuZvelze.
1. moZebne momxreli da gamSleli kunTebis mimagrebis adgilebi.
2. ratom aris kunTis ori bolo sxvadasxva Zvalze mimagrebuli?
3. ra Seicvleboda, momxreli kunTis orive bolo erT Zvalze rom yofiliyo mimagre-
buli?
4. momxreli da gamSleli kunTi morigeobiT ikumSebian. rogor fiqrob, ratom ar
ikumSebian isini erTdroulad? pasuxi axseni.

111
 moswavleebi SesaZlebelia SeafasoT gakveTilis msvlelobisas Semdegi rubrikis
mixedviT:
kriteriumebi 1 2 3
varaudis gamoTqma uWirs varaudis gamo- xSirad gamoTqvams yovelTvis gamoTqvams
Tqma. varauds; gamoTqmul varauds; gamoTqmul
varauds adarebs varauds adarebs
dakvirvebis Sedegs/ dakvirvebis Sedegs/
Sedegebs. Sedegebs.
argumentirebuli uWirs sakiTxTan daka- sakiTxis Sesaxeb msje- sakiTxis Sesaxeb
msjeloba vSirebiT argumenti- lobs. xSirad argumen- yovelTvis msjelobs.
rebuli msjeloba. tirebulad ayalibebs argumentirebulad
mosazrebebs. ayalibebs mosazre-
bebs.
daskvnis gamotana sakiTxTan dakavSire- sakiTxis Sesaxeb xSi- sakiTxis Sesaxeb
biT uWirs daskvnebis rad akeTebs saTanado yovelTvis akeTebs
gamotana. daskvnebs. saTanado daskvnebs.
aqtiuri mosmena gakveTilis msvlelo- gakveTilis msvlelo- gakveTilis msvle-
bisas ismens, uWirs bisas xSirad ismens da lobisas yovelTvis
maswavleblis mier asrulebs maswavle- ismens da asrulebs
micemuli instruq- blis mier micemul maswavleblis mier mi-
ciebis Sesruleba. instruqciebs. cemul instruqciebs.

6. saSinao davaleba

daavaleT moswavleebs gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis Sesruleba rveulSi.

gakveTili 20

Tema: adamianis organizmi

gakveTilis saTauri: pirveli daxmareba travmebis dros
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem miwodebul informaciasa da ilustraciebze
dayrdnobiT SeZlos ConCxis Zvlebis mniSvnelobis gan-
sazRvra; saklaso sivrceSi moaxdinos sxvadasxva travmis
(daWimva, amovardna, motexiloba) pirveli daxmarebis
gawevis imitireba da SeZlos daasabuTos sakuTari moq-
medebis mniSvneloba adamianis janmrTelobisTvis.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
bun.VI.2. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis organizmis,
rogorc erTi mTlianis ganxilva.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: iyenebs sabunebismetyvelo terminebs kiTxvebze pasuxebis
Camosayalibeblad sakuTari dakvirvebisa da mosazre-
bebis safuZvelze;
atarebs kvleviT aqtivobas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;
a saxelebs sxvadasxva organos SeTanxmebuli moqmedebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs organoTa SeTanxmebuli muSao-
bis mniSvnelobaze.

112
savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. motexilobis dros irRveva Zvlis mTlianoba, amitom saWiroa meti sifrTxilis ga-
moCena, vidre daWimvis an amovardnis dros.
2. TabaSiri myari saxvevia, romelic gatexil Zvals moZraobas uzRudavs da xels uw­
yobs Zvlis qsovilis swraf Sexorcebas.

gakveTili 21

Tema: adamianis organizmi

gakveTilis saTauri: ra amoZravebs sisxls
gakveTilis mizani: moswavle SeZlebs sworad aagos svetovani diagrama
monacemebze dayrdnobiT, amoicnos sisxlis mimoqcevis
sistemis organoebi, gansazRvros gulis adgilmdebareo-
ba da imsjelos sistemaSi Semavali organoebis SeTanxme-
buli muSaobis mniSvnelobaze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
bun.VI.2. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis organizmis,
rogorc erTi mTlianis ganxilva.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: iyenebs sxvadasxva saSualebas kvlevis Sedegebis
aRricxva­­-­­­­­organizebisaTvis (Canaweri, svetovani diag­
rama,);
a moicnobs adamianis zogierT organos (mag., guli, sisxl­
ZarRvi) da aRwers maT daniSnulebas;
a jgufebs sxvadasxva organos funqciis mixedviT (mag.,
guli da sisxlZarRvebi – organizmis momarageba sakvebi
nivTierebebiT da JangbadiT).

ifiqre:

700
pulsi

200

130

80
35
25
spilo
cxeni
adamiani
kata
Citi
Tagvi

113
 dakvirveba:
a) kapilari
b) arteria
g) kapilari, vena, arteria

praqtikuli
grafikis analizi:
a) dasvenebul mdgomareobaSi Tomas pulsi aris 70 dartyma/ wuTSi.
b) varjiSis Sedegad pulsis maCvenebeli gaormagda da gaxda 140 dartyma/ wuTSi. pulsis
maCvenebeli gaizarda 70 erTeuliT.
g) varjiSis Sewyvetidan 2 – 3 wuTSi pulsi kvlav daubrunda sawyis maCvenebels.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. a) guli mdebareobs sxeulis zeda – mkerdis areSi, or filtvs Soris, wina mxares. is
gadaxrilia ufro marcxena mxrisken. guli yvelaze axlos aris filtvebTan, misgan
qveviT mdebareobs kuWi;
b) gulis marjvena mxares yovelTvis xvdeba naxSirorJangiT mdidari venuri sisx-
li, radgan aqedan is filtvebSi gadaityorcneba naxSirorJangisgan gasaTavisu-
fleblad da JangbadiT gasamdidreblad.
g) JangbadiT mdidari sisxli miewodeba uklebliv yvela organos: Tavad guls, Rvi-
Zls, kuWs, Tirkmelebs, xelebs, fexebs da sxva.
2. gulidan didi ZaliT gamotyorcnili sisxli pirvelad arteriebSi xvdeba. arter-
iebis kedlebma unda gauZlon am Zalis moqmedebas, amitom sqeli da mkvrivi kedle-
bi sWirdebaT.
3. a) gulis rols asrulebs 2 # tumbo. isini didi ZaliT gadatumbaven wyals, raTa uz-
runvelyos wylis miwodeba baRis nebismier, yvelaze moSorebul wertilebSic ki.
b) sisxlZarRvebis analogi aris mTel baRSi daqselili wylis gamtari milebi.
g) arteriebis funqcias asrulebs tumbodan gamomavali milebi.
d) sarwyav sistemas venebi ar aqvs, radgan sisxlis mimoqcevisgan gansxvavebiT, mor-
wyvis dros ar xdeba wylis kvlav avzSi dabruneba. morwyvis Sedegad avzi icleba da
Semdeg axali wyliT avseben momdevno morwyvisTvis.
4. daasrule winadadebebi:
guli da sisxlZarRvebi qmnian gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemas.
sisxls mTel organizmSi kunTovani organo – guli gadatumbavs.
gulSi gamoarCeven oTx sakans, aseve marjvena da marcxena naxevrebs.
varjiSis Sedegad guliscema imatebs (gaxSirdeba), radgan kunTebs am dros meti Jang-
badis miwodeba sWirdeba.

gakveTili 22

Tema: adamianis organizmi

gakveTilis saTauri: sunTqva
gakveTilis mizani: moswavle SeZlebs dakvirvebis monacemebze dayrdno-
biT, imsjelos sunTqvis organoTa sasicocxlo mniS-
vnelobaze; ilustraciaze amoicnos sunTqvis sistemis
organoebi, gansazRvros filtvebis adgilmdebareoba
organizmSi.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.2. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis organizmis,
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
rogorc erTi mTlianis ganxilva.

114
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: amoicnobs adamianis zogierT organos da aRwers maT
daniSnulebas;
a jgufebs sxvadasxva organos funqciis mixedviT (mag.,
filtvebi – organizmis JangbadiT momarageba).

gaixsene:
1. mcenare sunTqvisas STanTqavs Jangbads da gamoyofs naxSirorJangs.
2. mcenares sunTqvis specialuri organo ar aqvs, is sunTqavs fesvebiT, ReroTi, ma-
gram sunTqvis procesis meti wili modis foTlebSi ganlagebul bageebze.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. filtvi wyvili organoa, romelic ganlagebulia mkerdis areSi, sxeulis marjvena
da marcxena mxares. filtvebi moqceulia neknebis SigniT, rac dazianebisgan icavs
mas.
2. varjiSis Sedegad SesaZlebelia adamianma 5 wuTamdec ki Seikavos sunTqva. aziis
qveynebSi margalitis maZieblebi, swored ase, wyalSi 5-wuTiani CayvinTviT aRweven
Sedegebs.
3.
sxeulis nawilebi ra funqcias asruleben isini sunTqvis dros
neknis kunTebi da morigeobiT ikumSebian da dundebian da uzrunvelyofen sunTqviT
diafragmis kunTebi moZraobebs.
neknebi damcavi funqcia. maTze mimagrebulia neknTaSorisi kunTebi,
romlebic sunTqviT moZraobebs uzrunvelyofen.
traqea atarebs filtvebamde cxviridan SesunTqul haers.
haeris buStukebi buStukebis zedapirze arsebul, uamrav, TvaliT uxilav kapilarSi
gamdinare sisxli mdidrdeba JangbadiT da Tavisufldeba naxSi-
rorJangisgan.

4. zamTarSi Cvens filtvebSi civi haeri rom moxvdes, buStukebi SeiZleba SeikumSos
da sunTqviTi procesi Seferxdes. ase rom ar moxdes, cxvirSi, xorxSi da traqeaSi
SesunTquli haeri etapobrivad Tbeba. suraTze Cans, rom 36,6°Ctemperaturis dros
STanTqmuli haeri TandaTan Tbeba da filtvebSi CaRwevisas misi temperatura sxe-
ulis temperaturas, anu 36,6°C-s utoldeba. piriT sunTqvisas es ar xdeba, haeri
ver aswrebs gaTbobas da filtvebi mTeli ZaliT veRar asruleben TavianT funq-
cias.

gakveTili 23

Tema: adamianis organizmi

gakveTilis saTauri: sunTqvis sixSire
gakveTilis mizani: moswavle SeZlos monacemebis Segroveba da maTze day-
rdnobiT imsjelos sunTqvis sixSiris Secvlis gamomwvev
mizezebze, am cvlilebebis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobaze;
imsjelos, ra rols asrulebs ama Tu im organos gamar-
Tuli muSaoba maTi janmrTelobis SenarCunebaSi.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
 un.VI.2. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis organizmis,
b
rogorc erTi mTlianis ganxilva.

115
 Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: asaxelebs sxvadasxva organos SeTanxmebuli moqmedebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs organoTa SeTanxmebuli muSao-
bis mniSvnelobaze;
atarebs kvleviT aqtivobas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;
awarmoebs gazomvebs sxvadasxva xelsawyos saSualebiT,
standartuli erTeulebis gamoyenebiT;
i yenebs sxvadasxva saSualebas kvlevis Sedegebis aRricx-
va-organizebisaTvis (Canaweri, svetovani diagrama, cxri-
li, foto, video);
aanalizebs Sedegebs da gamoaqvs daskvna.

praqtikuli:
sunTqvis sixSire dasvenebis da varjiSis Semdeg gansxvavebulia, is imatebs.
sixSiris saSualo maCvenebeli dasvenebis da varjiSis SemTxvevebSi gansxvavebuli iqneba
da saSualod Seadgens 9-dan 25-mde sunTqviT moZraobas.
dasvenebis da varjiSis Sedegad sunTqvis sixSireebs Soris sxvaobam SeiZleba 2-jer
moimatos.
monacemebs Soris gansxvavebis mizezi isaa, rom kunTi, romelic met samuSaos asrulebs,
meti Jangbadis miwodebas saWiroebs. amitom adamiani iwyebs ufro xSir sunTqvas, rom am
gziT Seavsos Jangbadis maragi.
aris, radgan wina gakveTilebze Cven SeviswavleT varjiSis Sedegad guliscemis sixSiris
cvlileba da analogiuri pasuxi miviReT. sportuli aqtivobis Semdeg guliscema imatebs.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. daasrule winadadebebi:
sunTqva sasicocxlo procesia, romlis drosac cxoveli, iseve, rogorc mcenare,
garemodan STanTqavs Jangbads da gamoyofs naxSirorJangs.
filtvebidan Jangbadi sxeulis yvela organos sisxlis meSveobiT miewodeba.
adamianis sunTqvis organoa wyvili filtvi.
filtvs ar aqvs kunTebi, amitom haeriT SevsebaSi neknTaSorisi kunTebi da di-
afragma exmareba.

gakveTili 24

Tema: adamianis organizmi

gakveTilis saTauri: Tambaqos mavne zemoqmedeba
gakveTilis mizani: moswavle SeZlos monacemebze dayrdnobiT Caebas dis-
kusiaSi da imsjelos, Tu ra rols asrulebs nikotini
sunTqvis da sxva organoTa sistemebis gamarTuli muSao-
bis darRvevaSi, ra gadawyvetilebebi unda miiRon ukve
TavianT asakSi janmrTelobis SenarCunebis mizniT.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
bun.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze

sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: i yenebs sxvadasxva saSualebas kvlevis Sedegebis aRricx-
va-organizebisaTvis (Canaweri, cxrili, foto); aanali-
zebs Sedegebs da gamoaqvs daskvna;

116
 asaxelebs adamianis janmrTelobaze uaryofiTad moqmed
faqtorebs (mag., nikotini).

rekomendacia:
paragrafSi mowodebuli aqtivobebi gamoyenebuli unda iqnas diskusiis sxvadasxva
etapze problemuri sakiTxebis Sesajameblad.

gakveTili 25

Tema: adamianis organizmi

gakveTilis saTauri: saWmlis moneleba
gakveTilis mizani: moswavle SeZlos momnelebel organoebsa da maT fun-
qciebs Soris Sesabamisobis povna, aRweros calkeuli
organos adgilmdebareoba, Seagrovos monacemebi da
maTze dayrdnobiT imsjelos saWmlis momnelebeli
sistemis mniSvnelobaze adamianis sicocxlisa da janm-
rTelobis SenarCunebisTvis.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
bun.VI.2. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis organizmis,

rogorc erTi mTlianis ganxilva.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: a saxelebs sxvadasxva organos SeTanxmebuli moqmedebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs organoTa SeTanxmebuli muSao-
bis mniSvnelobaze;
atarebs kvleviT aqtivobas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT;
awarmoebs gazomvebs sxvadasxva xelsawyos saSualebiT,
standartuli erTeulebis gamoyenebiT;
i yenebs sxvadasxva saSualebas kvlevis Sedegebis aRricx-
va-organizebisaTvis (Canaweri, svetovani diagrama, cxri-
li, foto, video);
aanalizebs Sedegebs da gamoaqvs daskvna;
a moicnobs adamianis zogierT organos (mag., kuWi, sisx-
lZarRvi) da aRwers maT daniSnulebas;
adamianis sxeulis modelze gansazRvravs organoebis
urTierTganlagebas;
a saxelebs sxvadasxva organos SeTanxmebuli moqmedebis
magaliTebs da msjelobs organoTa SeTanxmebuli muSao-
bis mniSvnelobaze.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:

1. 1 2 3 4 5

kuWi wvrili nawlavi piris Rru saylapavi msxvili nawlavi

2. rodesac adamiani ar iRebs mcenareul sakvebs an mcire raodenobiT iRebs, mis naw-
lavebSi aRar aRmoCndeba mcenareuli boWkoebi, romlebic sakvebis nawlavebSi gadaadg-

117
 ilebas uzrunvelyofs. gadaumuSavebuli sakvebi veRar aRwevs swor nawlavamde da es
iwvevs Sekrulobas.

3 wvril nawlavSi bevri saWmlis momnelebeli siTxea.

6 myari narCeni tovebs sxeuls swori nawlavis gavliT.

1 sakvebi qucmacdeba da nerwyvi emateba.

5 msxvil nawlavSi wyali gadadis sisxlSi.

4 monelebuli sakvebi sisxlSi gadadis.

2 sakvebi Txel fafad iqceva.

gakveTili 26

Tema: adamianis organizmi

gakveTilis saTauri: jansaRi kveba
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobisTvis yvela
jgufis sakvebi produqtis miRebis aucileblobis dasa-
buTeba; Seadginos erTi dRis jansaRi kvebis racioni.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: a cnobierebs jansaRi kvebis mniSvnelobas da adgens saku-
Tar racionSi Sesatani aucilebeli produqtebis sias
(mag., bostneuli, marcvleuli, rZis produqtebi).

gaixsene:
1. marcvleuli mcenareebia: xorbali, qeri, Svria, Wvavi, brinji da a.S.
2. cximebs Seicavs karaqi, zeTi, xorci, Tevzi, Txili, nigozi da sxv.
3. adamianisTvis mniSvnelovani vitaminebia:

118
 vitaminis
vitamini naklebobiT
gvxvdeba sakveb
(dRiuri norma) gamowveuli
produqtebSi
darRvevebi

Tevzis da saqon-
lis RviZli, rZis
kanis simSrale, mxed-
A produqtebi, sta-
velobis daqveiTeba
1-1,5 mg filo, ispanaxi,
(`qaTmis sibrmave~)
wiwmati

nervuli sistemis dar-

B saqonlis RviZli,
Rvevebi, zrdis SeCereba,
(B1, B2, B6,B12) Tirkmlebi, guli,
kanis daavadebebi,
5 mg safuari, kvercxi,
kunTebis sisuste da
rZe, yveli, Tevzi
tkivili
suravandi, Wrilobebis
C citrusebi, mwvane
Sexorcebis Seferxeba,
60 mg bostneuli, karto-
hemoglobinis dabali
fili, pomidori
done
D
raqiti – ZvlebSi kal­
10 mkg
ci­umis naklebo­biT kvercxis guli,
warmoiqmneba kanSi mzis
gamowveuli gamrudebe­ rZe, Tevzis qoni.
sxivebis zemoqmedebiT
bi, myife Zvlebi

xorblisa da brin-
EE nayofis ganviTarebis Se-
jis aRmonacenSi,
8-10 mg-mde ferxeba, eriTrocitebis
Wvavis fqvili,
daSla
mwvane bostneuli

ifiqre:
1. a) dasustdebi, radgan erTi TefSi wvniani namdvilad ar aris sakmarisi energiis
aRsadgenad;
b) organizmi ver miiRebs vitaminebis saWiro raodenobas, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvi-
os xSiri gaciveba, sxvadasxva daavadeba;
g) CamoTvlili produqtebi ZiriTadad comeulia, anu erTferovani sakvebia, maTi
miReba saWiroa, magram ara uzomo raodenobiT. sakvebi unda iyos dabalansebuli
da dRis ganmavlobaSi yvela jgufis produqts Seicavdes.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. a) yvelaze didi raodenobiT, (Tu ar CavTvliT siTxes, romelic pi­­ramidaSi 8 Wiqis
odenobiTaa mocemuli) unda miviRoT marcvleulidan damzadebuli produqtebi.
isini piramidis ZirSia mocemuli;
b) daaxloebiT Tanabari raodenobiT unda miviRoT xili da bostneuli, romlebic
marcvleulis zemoTa rigSia ganlagebuli. aseve Tanabari raodenobiT unda mivi-
RoT rZis da xorcis produqtebi, Tumca xilsa da bostneulTan SedarebiT, ufro
mcire raodenobiT;
g) piramidis wverSi aris namcxvari, orcxobila, kanfetebi, romlebic mcire raode-
nobiTaa warmodgenili, rac niSnavs, rom es produqtebi bevri ar unda mivirTvaT.
3. mcenareuli sakvebi ufro met vitamins Seicavs, radgan vitaminebis umravlesoba
mcenareebSi warmoiqmneba.
4. piramidis Ziri yvelaze ganieria, masSi eqceva siTxe (wyali, wvenebi, kompoti, supi da
a.S.), romelic yvelaze didi rodenobiT unda miiRo (daaxloebiT 2-2,5 litri dRe-

119
 Si); wvero piramidis yvelaze patara nawilia, masSi eqceva is produqtebi, romle-
bic yvelaze mcire raodenobiT unda miiRo (tkbileuli, gaziani sasmelebi, cximi).
amitom ar SeiZleba pirmidis Zirsa da wveroSi moqceul produqtebs gavucvaloT
adgili.
5. rZe Seicavs marilebis kompleqss, maT Soris kalciums, romlebic xels uwyobs kbi-
lis qsovilis ganmtkicebas.
6. saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis gamarTul funqcionirebas xels uwyobs iseTi mcena-
reuli produqtebis miReba, rogoricaa umi bostneuli, xili, daRerRili marcv-
leuli.

120
Tavi V siTbosa da sinaTlis ganawileba dedamiwaze

gakveTili 27

Tema: mzis sistema

gakveTilis saTauri: dedamiwis moZraoba mzis garSemo
gakveTilis mizani:  moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos dedamiwaze sezonebis
monacvleobis savaraudo mizezebze; dagegmos da Caata-
ros cda dedamiwis zedapirze siTbosa da sinaTlis ara-
Tanabari ganawilebis sademonstraciod.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.7. moswavlem unda SeZlos dedamiwaze siTbos da
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sinaTlis ganawilebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: msjelobs dedamiwaze sezonebis monacvleobis savaraudo
mizezebze;
 egmavs da atarebs cdas (mag., globusiT da fanriT)
g
deda­miwis zedapirze siTbosa da sinaTlis araTanabari
ganawilebis sademonstraciod.
saWiro masala: globusi, naTura.

gaixsene:
mze varskvlavia. igi uzarmazari, gavarvarebuli, sxvadasxva airisgan Semdgari sferoa.
gzas, romelsac dedamiwa da mzis sistemis sxva planetebi mzis garSemo brunvisas gadian,
orbita ewodeba.
sxva varskvlavebTan SedarebiT mze dedamiwasTan yvelaze axlos mdebare varskvlavia.
mzis sistemaSi Sedis mis irgvliv moZravi rva planeta da bevri sxva ciuri sxeuli.
sferos forma.

dakvirveba 1:
CrdiloeT naxevarsferoSi zafxulia, xolo samxreTSi – zamTari.
CrdiloeT naxevarsferoSi zamTaria, xolo samxreTSi – zafxuli.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. a) samxreTi naxevarsfero;
b) zafxuli;
g) Tanabrad;
d) tolia;
e) 22 dekembers zamTris nabuniobis dRe, xolo 23 seqtembers Semodgomis dReRam-
tolobis, anu buniobis dRe.
2. gazafxulze dRe diddeba da Tbeba. xeebze kvirtebi iskvneba. miwidan balaxi amo-
dis. iwyeba mcenareTa zrdis ganaxleba. zamTarSi, Tbil qveynebSi gafrenili
­frinvelebi brundebian, budeebs ikeTeben da kvercxebs deben. cxovelebi mewyvi­
les eZeben da STamomavlobas amravleben.
zafxuli weliwadis yvelaze Tbili droa. dReebi kvlav izrdeba, Tumca 22 ivni-
sidan mokldeba. mwifdeba xili, ivseba TavTavi, frinvelebs da cxovelebs bevri
sakvebi uCndebaT.
Semodgomaze dRe sagrZnoblad mokldeba, iwyeba grili amindebi da foTolcvena.

121
 Semodis mravalgvari xili. buCqebi daxunZlulia kenkriT. iwyeba rTveli, mosav-
lis aRebis alo, Semdeg yanebs saSemodgomod gadaxnaven. bevri cxoveli da adamiani
zamTrisTvis sakvebs imaragebs. frinvelebis umravlesoba Tbil qveynebSi mifri-
navs.
zamTari weliwadis yvelaze civi droa. dReebi maqsimalurad mokldeba, Tumca 22
dekembridan ukve nel-nela zrdas daiwyebs. adre bneldeba. bevr qveyanaSi Tovli
modis da yinvebs iWers. mcenareebis zrda wydeba. foTlovani xeebi SiSvldeba. zam­
Tris susxs mxolod wiwviani xeebi uZlebs. zog cxovels xSiri bewvi an matyli ez-
rdeba, rom ar Sescivdes, zogs ki mTeli zamTari sZinavs.
3. dedamiwis Tavisi warmosaxviTi RerZis garSemo brunva iwvevs dRe-Ramis cvlas,
xolo mzis garSemo brunva – weliwadis droebis cvlas;
4. mari 29 Tebervals, e.i. nakian weliwads aris dabadebuli;
5. ekvatorze da polusebTan. ekvatorze sul zafxulia, polusebTan – zamTari.
6. dedamiwis zedapiri yvelgan erTnairi raodenobis siTbos da sinaTles miiRebda.
7. a) mzed CaTvala, SedarebiT didi, fexburTis burTi, dedamiwad ki – CogburTis
burTi, radgan mze dedamiwaze didia.
b) CogburTis burTi unda amoZraos fexburTis burTis garSemo elifsis formis
orbitaze.
g) dedamiwisa da mTvaris moZraobis modelis Sesaqmnelad, ninom fexburTis burTi
unda CaTvalos dedamiwad, CogburTis burTi ki mTvared da „mTvare“ unda amoZ-
raos „dedamiwis“ garSemo.
8. a) dReebi ufro grZelia da Rameebi ufro mokle zafxulSi samxreT naxevarsfero-
Si, radgan am dros mze ufro metad anaTebs da aTbobs samxreT naxevarsferos.
b) ekvatorze.

Gifiqre:
dedamiwa Tavisi RerZis garSemo Semobrundeba 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi – 365-jer; 5 wlis
ganmavlobaSi (4X365+366) 1826-jer; 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi (mag., maisSi) 31-jer (imdenjer,
ramdeni DdRe-Ramec aris am TveSi); 12 saaTis ganmavlobaSi naxevarbruns gaakeTebs.
Tu mzis garSemo moZraobas planeta 365 dReE-Rames andomebs da Tavisi RerZis garSemoc
amdens, maSin dRis xangrZlivoba naxevari weliwadis toli iqneba.

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. Sesavali – winare codnis gaaqtiureba (10 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs gaixsenon naswavli masala da upasuxon kiTxvebs:

ra aris mze da orbita?
ratom gvaTbobs da gvanaTebs mze da ara sxva varskvlavi?
risgan Sedgeba mzis sistema?
rogori forma aqvs dedamiwas?
pasuxebis mosmenis Semdeg aCveneT maT 4 sxvadasxva sezonis suraTi da sTxoveT mokled
daaxasiaTon TiToeuli sezoni. Semdeg hkiTxeT maT: ratom icvleba weliwadis droebi da
yvelgan asea Tu ara?

122
 uTxariT moswavleebs, rom pasuxebis Sesamowmeblad maT mouwevT dakvirvebisa da
cdebis Catareba.

rekomendacia:
suraTebis saCveneblad sasurvelia gamoiyenoT proeqtori da aCvenoT slaidebis saxiT.

2. praqtikuli samuSao – dakvirvebisa da cdebis Catareba (20 wT)

saWiro masala: globusi, sanTeli an naTura, muyaosgan gamoWrili „kacunas“ figura,

webovani furclebi: erTi wiTeli, ori yviTeli, ori cisferi. kiTxvarebi (rekomendaciebSi
mocemuli kiTxvaris nimuSis mixedviT), fanari, saxelmZRvanelo.

rekomendacia:
moswavleebma maswavleblis miTiTebiT TanmimdevrobiT unda Caataron dakvirveba da
cdebi da yoveli samuSaos Semdeg individualurad Seavson winaswar darigebuli kiTxva-
rebi. kiTxvari Sedgeba 4 davalebisgan (ix. danarTi – `kiTxvari~).

praqtikuli samuSao §1
dakvirveba: rogor icvleba dRe da Rame.
maswavlebeli globusze amagrebs muyaosgan gamoWril adamianis figuras. Semdeg
gamoiyvans erT-erT moswavles da sTxovs globusze fanris minaTebas. meore moswavles
ki sTxovs globusis Tavisi RerZis garSemo nela Semotrialebas.
klasi akvirdeba am moZraobas da imasac, rogor ecema fanris - `mzis~ sxivebi adamianis
figuras – `kacunas~. moswavleebma unda axsnan procesi da Sedegi Caweron kiTxvarSi.
(moswavleebi am cdiT xsnian dedamiwaze dRe-Ramis monacvleobas da akvirdebian `kacu-
nasTvis~ rogor icvleba dRe da Rame.)

praqtikuli samuSao §2
dakvirveba: rogor icvleba siTbo xelisgulis daxrilobasTan erTad
praqtikuli samuSaos Catarebamde maswavlebeli ekiTxeba moswavleebs:
– dRe-Ramis garda, kidev ra monacvleobs dedamiwaze?
– ratom Tbila/cxela zafxulSi?
– ratom civa zamTarSi?

123
 maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daxaron xelisguli sxvadasxva kuTxiT da anTebul
sanTelTan an naTurasTan miitanon da daakvirdnen, Tu rogor icvleba siTbo xelisgulis
daxris SecvlasTan erTad. dakvirvebis Sedegebi Caweron kiTxvarSi.
(moswavleebs gamoaqvT daskvna: Tu xelisgulze naTuris sinaTle sworad, Sveulad
ecema, maSin maTi xelisguli ufro metad Tbeba.)

daicaviT usafrTxoebis wesebi:

sanTliT cdis Catarebisas moswavleebs auxseniT cecxlTan moqcevis usafrTxoebis
wesebi.

praqtikuli samuSao N3
rogor naTdeba da Tbeba dedamiwa
maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs, morigi cdiT gaarkvion: yovelTvis erTnairad
ecema Tu ara mzis sxivebi dedamiwas da svams kiTxvebs:
dedamiwa, RerZis garSemo brunvis garda, kidev ra moZraobas asrulebs?
rogor icvleba dedamiwaze mzis sxivebis ganawileba?
Tqveni azriT, dedamiwis romel adgils ecema sxivebi Sveulad, vertikalurad?
ratom nawildeba sxivebi araTanabrad?
maswavlebeli ismens moswavleTa pasuxebs, ar usworebs Secdomebs da am kiTxvebze sapa-
suxod, moswavleebs cdis gagrZelebas sTavazobs.
maswavlebeli iatakze Semoxazavs elifss, es iqneba mzis garSemo dedamiwis moZrao-
bis gza – orbita. erTi moswavle fanriT xelSi dgas centrSi – is mzis rolSia. meore
moswavle globusiT xelSi imoZravebs `mzis~ garSemo. mzis rolSi myofi moswavle adg-
ilze trialebs, `dedamiwis~ moZraobas mihyveba da globuss fanars anaTebs. maswavlebeli
ramdenjerme SeaCerebs moZraobas, yovel SeCerebaze sTxovs moswavleebs, daakvirdnen
dedamiwis romeli adgili naTdeba yvelaze metad da im adgilas wiTel patara stikers
(webovan furcels) miawebebs. cda gagrZeldeba da amjerad moswavleebi naklebad ganaTebul
adgilebs daakvirdebian da iq miawebeben yviTel stikerebs. isev grZeldeba cda da axla
yvelaze cudad ganaTebul adgilebs moniSnaven cisferi stikerebiT. dakvirvebis Sede-
gebi Caweron kiTxvarSi.
(moswavleebma unda daaskvnan, rom dedamiwaze sinaTle sxvadasxvagvarad nawildeba.
sinaTlis araTanabari ganawilebis gamo, siTbos ganawilebac araTanabaria).

praqtikuli samuSao N4
dakvirveba: rogor icvleba sezonebi.
dadgiT globusi magidaze da mianaTeT naTura. globusi daatrialeT Tavisi warmo-
saxviTi RerZis garSemo. sTxoveT moswavleebs daakvirdnen, Tu rogor naTdeba dedamiwis
CrdiloeTi da samxreTi naxevarsferoebi da kiTxvarSi upasuxon kiTxvebs.

praqtikuli samuSao N5
ilustraciaze muSaoba:
sTxoveT moswavleebs, ganixilon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli ilustracia „dedamiwis
moZraoba mzis garSemo“ da upasuxon N1 savarjiSoSi mocemul kiTxvebs. pasuxebi Caweron
kiTxvarSi.

rekomendacia:
kiTxvarebi amobeWdeT winaswar.
kiTxvaris Sesavsebad moswavleebs mieciT sakmarisi dro.

124
 danarTi: moswavleebisTvis dasarigebeli kiTxvari
moswavle
klasi

praqtikuli samuSao N1
ra iwvevs dRe-Ramis monacvleobas?

praqtikuli samuSao N2
mocemuli sityvebidan (Sveulad, daxrilad) SearCie saWiro sityva da Seavse winadadeba:
xelisgulze ufro meti siTbo vigrZeni maSin, roca sanTelTan xeli
mivitane.
mze dedamiwis zedapirs ukeT aTbobs, roca misi sxivebi dedamiwas
ecema.

praqtikuli samuSao N3
dedamiwaze romel adgilebs anaTebs mze yvelaze metad?

romel adgilebs anaTebs mze naklebad?

romel adgilebs anaTebs mze yvelaze cudad?

romel adgilebSi iqneba yvelaze meti siTbo?

praqtikuli samuSao N4
1. roca mze dedamiwis CrdiloeT naxevarsferos ufro metad anaTebs da aTbobs,
weliwadis romeli droa CrdiloeT da samxreT naxevarsferoebSi?

2. rogor Seicvleba sezonebi, roca dedamiwa orbitaze sawyisi mdebareobis sawi-

naaRmdego mxares moeqceva?

praqtikuli samuSao N5
a) romeli naxevarsferoa ufro metad ganaTebuli?

b) weliwadis romeli droa am periodSi samxreT naxevarsferoSi?

g) rogor naTdeba da Tbeba 23 seqtembers CrdiloeTi da samxreTi naxevarsferoebi?

d) ras udris dRe-Ramis xangrZlivoba am dRes?

e) Seni azriT, ra hqvia 22 dekembers da 23 seqtembers?

samuSaos dasrulebisa da kiTxvarebis Sevsebis Semdeg ramdenime moswavle gaakeTebs

prezentacias.

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (10 wT)

moswavleTa pasuxebis mosmenis Semdeg moawyveT mcire diskusia. Semdeg ki sTxoveT

moswavleebs saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesabamisi teqstis moZebna, individualurad wakiTxva.
kiTxvarSi mocemuli SekiTxvebidan Tu romelimes ver upasuxes, pasuxi teqstSi unda
moZebnon.

125
 4. Sefaseba (5 wT)

SeafaseT moswavleebi Sefasebis rubrikiT: moswavleTa CarTuloba: (ix. Tavi `SEefaseba~)

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs, werilobiT Seasrulon savarjiSo N7, 8 da aseve „ifiqre“.

damatebiTi rekomendacia:
moswavleebs uWirT xolme mzis garSemo dedamiwis moZraobis warmodgena. mzisa da
dedamiwis urTierTobis Seswavlis gasaadvileblad, suraTis ganxilvamde kargi iqneba
modelebis gamoyeneba, amitom sasurvelia gaiTvaliswinoT ramdenime rCeva:
1. dedamiwa Tavisi warmosaxviTi RerZis garSemo brunavs, romelic 23 gradusiTaa
daxrili. am faqtis demonstrirebisaTvis gamoiyeneT globusi, romelic asevea daxrili.
dasawyisSi moswavleebs aCveneT globusi, CaatareT saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli cda
da Semdeg jer gadadiT abstraqtul diagramaze da mere suraTis ganxilvaze. dafaze
daxateT wrewiri. daxrilobis saCveneblad daxateT dedamiwis RerZi daaxloebiT 23
gradusis daxriT Sveuli xazis marjvniv.

66˚,5
66˚,5
66˚,5

66˚,5

66˚,5
66˚,5

moswavleebma kargad rom daimaxsovron, rom dedamiwa daxrilia, globusi moaTavseT

saklaso oTaxis Taroze an fanjris rafaze.
2. daxris efeqtis STambeWdavi demonstrirebisaTvis mianaTeT fanari daxrili glo-
busis SuaSi. moswavleebi unda daakvirdnen da SeamCnion, rom roca globusis Crdilo
nawili sinaTleSi xvdeba, am dros globusis samxreTi nawilebi sagrZnoblad bnelia. Sem-
deg globusi ise SeatrialeT, rom CrdiloeTi nawili sibneleSi moxvdes, xolo samxreTi
nawilebi ganaTdes.
3. xazi gausviT imas, rom daxriloba im faqtTan erTad, rom dedamiwa mzes erTi weli
uvlis, iwvevs imas, rom CrdiloeT naxevarsferos 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ecema mzis sxivebi;
Semdgomi 6 Tve ki mzis sxivebi pirdapir ecema samxreT naxevarsferos, rac suraTze kargad
da naTlad Cans. kargi iqneba am suraTis slaidis proeqtoriT Cveneba axsna-ganmartebebis
TanxlebiT.
4. sqema gviCvenebs dedamiwis pozicias mzis mimarT weliwadis oTxive dros. roca
CrdiloeT naxevarsfero mziskenaa daxrili, arqtikaSi 6 Tve sinaTlea, antarqtidaSi ki
6 Tve sibnele. piriqiT xdeba, roca CrdiloeT naxevarsfero mzis sawinaaRmdego mimar-
TulebiTaa daxrili.

126
 internet-misamarTebi maswavleblebisTvis:
http://www.Netzor.org/games
http://allforchildren.ru
http://geography.pppst.com

gakveTili 28

Tema: siTbosa da sinaTlis ganawileba dedamiwaze

gakveTilis saTauri: siTburi sartylebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem Catarebuli cdis safuZvelze SeZlos daakav-
Siros siTburi da klimaturi sartylebis arseboba
dedamiwaze siTbosa da sinaTlis araTanabar ganawile-
basTan.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.7. moswavlem unda SeZlos dedamiwaze siTbos da
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sinaTlis ganawilebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: gegmavs da atarebs cdas (mag., globusiT da fanriT)
dedamiwis zedapirze siTbosa da sinaTlis araTanabari
ganawilebis sademonstraciod;
a kavSirebs ZiriTadi klimaturi sartylebis arsebobas
dedamiwaze siTbosa da sinaTlis araTanabar ganawile-
basTan.
saWiro masala: naxevarsferoebis ruka

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
a) CrdiloeT tropiki kveTs afrikis, aziisa da CrdiloeT amerikis kontinentebs, wynar,
atlantisa da indoeTis okeaneebs. samxreT tropiki kveTs afrikas, samxreT amerikas, avs-
tralias, wynar, atlantisa da indoeTis okeaneebs.
b) CrdiloeTi polaruli wre kveTs evropas, aziasa da CrdiloeT amerikas, CrdiloeT
yinulovan okeanes; samxreT polaruli wre kveTs antarqtidas da samxreTis okeanes.
avstraliis CrdiloeTi nawili – tropikulSi, danarCeni – zomierSi; evropa – zomierSi,
antarqtida – polarulSi; saqarTvelo mdebareobs zomier siTbur sartyelSi.
polaruli Rame periodia, romlis ganmavlobaSic mze horizontis xazs zemoT ar amodis.
polarul wreze 22 dekembers mze ar amova, anu ar gaTendeba, xolo 22 ivniss – mze ar
Cava, anu ar daRamdeba (`TeTri~ Rame iqneba).
a) CrdiloeT tropiki gadis meqsikis, saudis arabeTisa da indoeTis teritoriebze,
xolo samxreT tropiki – braziliis, avstraliisa da Ciles teritoriebze.
Bb) CrdiloeT polaruli wre gadis kanadis, ruseTis da norvegiis teritoriebze.

damatebiTi sakiTxavi maswavleblebisTvis:

orive naxevarsferoSi tropikebi 23,5°-ian paralelebzea ganTavsebuli. maT mzis zeni-
turi mdebareobis sazRvrebs uwodeben.
polaruli wreebi ekvatoridan CrdiloeTiT da samxreTiT 66,5°-iT daSorebuli para-
lelebia. isini qmnian polaruli dRisa da Ramis sazRvrebs. polaruli dRisa da Ramis
xangrZlivoba TandaTan matulobs polusebisken da TviT polusebTan eqvs Tvesac aRwevs.
tropikebs Soris cxeli siTburi sartyelia moTavsebuli, polarul wreebsa da tropikebs
Soris – zomieri sartyeli, xolo polarul wreebsa da polusebs Soris – civi sartyeli.
amrigad, dedamiwaze xuTi siTburi sartyelia: erTi cxeli, ori zomieri da ori civi.

127
 gakveTili 29

Tema: siTbosa da sinaTlis ganawileba dedamiwaze

gakveTilis saTauri: dedamiwis klimaturi sartylebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos daakavSiros siTburi da klimaturi
sartylebis arseboba dedamiwaze siTbosa da sinaTlis
araTanabar ganawilebasTan da Seadaros erTmaneTs ori
klimaturi sartyeli ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis mixed-
viT.
 avSiri esg-is standartis
k
 un.VI.7. moswavlem unda SeZlos dedamiwaze siTbos da
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sinaTlis ganawilebis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: akavSirebs ZiriTadi klimaturi sartylebis arsebobas
dedamiwaze siTbosa da sinaTlis araTanabar ganawile-
basTan;
a darebs or klimatur sartyels ZiriTadi maxasiaTeb­
lebis mixedviT.
saWiro masala: dedamiwis klimaturi sartylebis ruka

gaixsene:
1. atmosferos qveda fenis – troposferos mdgomareoba mocemul drosa da konkre-
tul adgilas.
2. haeris temperatura, qari, atmosferuli naleqebi, Rrublianoba.
3. aminds akvirdebian meteorologiur sadgurebSi, aseve dedamiwis xelovnuri
Tanamgzavrebis saSualebiT. informacia gadaecema amindis prognozis e.w. sinop-
tikur centrebs da sinoptikosebi adgenen amindis prognozs.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. ZiriTadi klimaturi sartylebia: ekvatoruli, tropikuli, zomieri, arqtikuli
da antarqtikuli. amasTan yvela sartyeli oria, CrdiloeT da samxreT naxevars-
feroSi garda ekvatorulisa.
2. Semcirdeba Jangbadis raodenoba atmosferoSi.

128
 3. dedamiwis moZraoba mzis garSemo, ris gamoc igi araTanabrad Tbeba da naTdeba.
aseve zogierTi adgili dedamiwaze okeaneebTan da zRvebTan axlosaa, amitom aq na-
leqi meti modis, xolo okeaneebTan SedarebiT daSorebul adgilebSi – naklebi.
4. mzis siTbosa da atmosferuli naleqebis raodenobis safuZvelze.
5. haeris masebis, temperaturis, naleqebis raodenobis mixedviT.
6. ekvatoruli klimaturi sartyeli mTeli weli haeris maRali temperaturiT da
naleqebis siuxviT gamoirCeva. aq mxolod erTi sezoni – zafxulia, radgan mTeli
wlis ganmavlobaSi didi raodenobiT iRebs mzis siTbosa da sinaTles.
7. afrika mdebareobs ekvatorul da tropikul sartylebSi. CrdiloeTi amerika
tropikul, zomier da arqtikul (Crdilo polarul) sartylebSi. avstralia
tropikul da zomier klimatur sartylebSi; antarqtida antarqtikul (samxreT
polarul) sartyelSi.
8. mag.: ekvatorul klimatur sartyelSi haeris temperatura mTeli weli 24-25°C-ia,
antarqtikulSi – minus 30-40°C. ekvatorulSi naleqebis raodenoba 2000-3000 mm-ia
weliwadSi da wvimis saxiT modis. antarqtikulSi naleqebi Zalian cota modis da
isic Tovlis saxiT.

praqtikuli:
I – 1. 22 ivnisi;
2. CrdiloeTi;
3. kibos (CrdiloeT) tropiks;
4. Tbila;
5. 22 dekembers;
6. sicxeSi;
7. CrdiloeT poluss;
8. CrdiloeT polusze;
9. E wertilSi civa.
10. D wertilSi.

II – a suraTi – 22 ivniss, b – suraTi – 22 dekembers.

III – 21 marts, anu gazafxulis buniobis dRes mze ekvatorzea. ekvatorTan ufro axlos
ki – q. rio-de-Janeiroa, amitom mze horizontze maRla am qalaqSia. imitom, rom am SemTxvevaSi
dedamiwis zedapiris mxolod garkveuli adgilebi miiRebda mudmivad mzis sinaTlesa da
siTbos, xolo danarCeni adgilebi – vera. Sesabamisad, zogan mxolod zafxuli iqneboda,
zogan mxolod zamTari.

129
Tavi VI janmrTeloba

gakveTili 30

Tema: janmrTeloba
gakveTilis saTauri: ra aris janmrTeloba
gakveTilis mizani: m oswavle SeZlebs daukavSiros janmrTelobas is qmedebe-
bi da higienis wesebi, romelic man aucileblad unda dai-
cvas, msjelobs higienis wesebis dacvis aucileblobaze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: asaxelebs daavadebis gamomwvevi mikroorganizmebisagan
Tavdacvis elementarul wesebs (mag., xelebis dabana da
higienis sxva normebis dacva yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi).

davalebis pasuxebi:
1.  rodesac iswavli, rogor aris mowyobili Seni organizmi, higienis ra wesebi unda
daicva, rogor unda ikvebo da ra aris sasargeblo sakvebi, advilad SeZleb Seinar-
Cuno janmrTeloba.
2.  es niSnavs, rom janmrTeloba adamianisTvis mTavaria. mis gareSe arafers ar aqvs
fasi.
3.  a) kbilis jagrisi, Rrubeli, pirsaxoci;
b) Sampuni, savarcxeli, saponi.

gakveTili 31

Tema: janmrTeloba
gakveTilis saTauri: mikrobebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem gaacnobieros, rom daavadebis gamomwvevi mik-
roorganizmebisagan Tavdasacavad aucilebelia yovel-
dRiur cxovrebaSi higienis normebis dacva da saTanado
acrebis Catareba. asaxelebs higienis wesebs, romelic
unda davicvaT gripisa da gaciebis dros.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
 edegi TvalsaCinoa,
S
Tu moswavle: asaxelebs daavadebis gamomwvevi mikroorganizmebisagan
Tavdacvis elementarul wesebs (mag., xelebis dabana da
higienis sxva normebis dacva yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi).

gaixsene:
1. mikrobebi TvaliT uxilavi organizmebia, romelTa danaxva mxolod mikroskopiTaa
SesaZlebeli.

130
2. grips da gacivebas virusi iwvevs.
3. baqteriebi formis mixedviT: burTulisebri, Cxirisebri, namglisebri, zambarise-
bri.

davalebis pasuxebi:
1. 13500:2600 = 5,2-jer.
3. sami gakveTili da maT Soris Sesvenebebi mimdinareobs: 3x45+3x10=165. 300C haeris
temperaturaze baqteria yovel 20 wT-Si mravldeba. mocemuli drois ganmavlobaSi
baqteria (165:20 = 8,3) 8-jer SeZlebs gamravlebas.
4. rac met mtvers Seicavs garemo, miT metia masSi baqteriebi. diagramis mixedviT,
baqteriebiT yvelaze dabinZurebulia qalaqis haeri, baqteriebis raodenoba
yvelaze naklebia maRal mTaSi.
4. a) cxvirsaxocis moxmarebis Semdeg masze xvdeba gripis virusi. aseTi cxvirsaxo-
cis xelmeored moxmareba arahigienuria, amitom umjobesia erTjeradi cxvirsaxo-
cebis gamoyeneba;
b) gripis dros unda moveridoT adamianebs, raTa Tavidan avaciloT maT gripiT
daavadeba, amitom ar aris rekomendebuli daavadebulis xalxmraval adgilebSi ga-
moCena;
g) ar unda mivuaxlovdeT adamianebs 1 m-ze nakleb manZilze, radgan gripi advilad
gadadis saubris, ceminebis, xvelebis dros.

gakveTili 32

Tema: janmrTeloba
gakveTilis saTauri: baqteriuli daavadebebi
gakveTilis mizani:  oswavlem gaacnobieros, rom daavadebis gamomwvevi
m
mikroorganizmebisagan Tavdasacavad aucilebelia
yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi higienis normebis dacva da
saTanado codnis miReba. asaxelebs tuberkulozisa da
botulizmis dros dasacavi higienis wesebs.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: a saxelebs daavadebis gamomwvevi mikroorganizmebisagan
Tavdacvis elementarul wesebs (mag., xelebis dabana da
higienis sxva normebis dacva yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi).

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
2. sveli CvriT gawminde xSirad gaaniave oTaxi sveli cocxiT
mtveri yvela nivTidan. mzian amindSi. dagave iataki.

ikvebe srulfasovnad. ar isargeblo daavadebuli xaliCebi daasufTave

adamianis piradi sagnebiT. mtversasrutiT.

3. botulizmis baqteriis ganadgureba SesaZlebelia konservirebuli produqtis

xangrZlivi duRilis gziT.
4. ojaxis pirobebSi ar unda damzaddes konservebi, romelTa gamoyenebiswina Ter-
muli damuSaveba produqtis kvebiTi Rirebulebis dakargvas iwvevs.

131
 gakveTili 33

Tema: janmrTeloba
gakveTilis saTauri: sakvebis Senaxva
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem gaacnobieros, rom janmrTelobaze moqmedi
erT-erTi mavne faqtoria arajansaRi kveba, romelic
gulisxmobs vadagasuli produqtebis sakvebad gamoyen-
ebasac. SeZlos etiketisa da vizualuri daTvalierebiT
zogierTi produqtis vargisianobis dadgena. imsjelos
sakvebis Senaxvis sxvadasxva xerxis mizanSewonilobaze
da vargisianobis vadebis miTiTebis mniSvnelobaze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: a cnobierebs jansaRi kvebis mniSvnelobas da adgens saku-
Tar racionSi Sesatani aucilebeli produqtebis sias
(mag., bostneuli, marcvleuli, rZis produqtebi);
vargisiani produqtebis gamoyenebas sakvebad.
saWiro masala: sxvadasxva saxis SefuTuli sakvebi produqtebis etikete-
bi, magaliTad, rZis, burRuleulis, tkbileulis, Tevzis
da xorcis konservis, karaqis, araJnis, mawvnis da a.S.
p roduqtebi siZvelis vizualurad amosacnobi sxvadasxva
niSniT – daobebuli puri, mawoni; xmeli, gamomSrali fun-
TuSa, namcxvari;
dabeJili da nawilobriv dampali xili, bostneuli;
k onservi amoberili TaviT, Signidan SeorTqlili, Sefu-
Tuli burRuleuli da a.S.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. gaciveba, gayinva, dakonserveba, damarileba, gamoSroba.
2. mag., xorci SeiZleba daakonservo an gayino da ise Seinaxo, xili SeiZ­leba gamoaSro
da Ciri gaakeTo, an moxarSo SaqarTan erTad da muraba an jemi daamzado da a.S.
3. 
sakvebis vargisianoba SeiZleba davadginoT garegnuli niSnebiT: suniT, feriT,
aseve etiketze miTiTebuli vargisianobis vadis gadamowmebiT.

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. produqtebis arCeva TvaliT (15 wT)

maswavlebeli yvela produqts, romelic moamzada gakveTilisaTvis, magidaze gaSlis.

igi SesTavazebs moswavleebs, amoarCion da gverdze gadaawyon is produqtebi, romlebic
maTi azriT uvargisia da sakvebad gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba. yovel arCeul uvargis produqts
moswavlem unda daurTos ganmarteba:
– ratom aris mis mier arCeuli produqti uvargisi;
– ra metyvelebs produqtis vargisianobaze;
– rogor da sad unda Seinaxo esa Tu is produqti (romelzec saubrobs), rom gauxan-
grZlivdes vargisianobis vada.
maswavlebeli dafaze wers produqtebis uxarisxobis damadasturebel argumentebs:
daobeba, zedmeti simSrale, gaxmoba, feris Secvla, lpoba, danestianeba da a.S.

132
 rekomendacia:
dafaze Camowerili CamonaTvali SeinarCuneT gakveTilis msvlelobisas da SeavseT
axali argumentebiT.

2. ras gveubneba produqtis etiketi? (20 wT)

davalebis micemamde maswavlebeli uxsnis klass, rom yvela sakveb produqts, uamrav
sxva warwerebs Soris aucileblad unda eweros etiketze ori ram:
a. gamoSvebis TariRi ( mag., 20. 03. 2008)
b. vargisianobis vada (SesaZlebelia ramdenime varianti. mag., vargisia 2009 w. seqtem-
bramde an vargisia 12 Tve, an 20.03.08 – 20.03.09)
moswavleebs unda ganemartos yvela warweris, gansakuTrebiT sxvadasxva tipis vargi-
sianobis vadis warwerebis Sinaarsi.
maswavlebeli ajgufebs klass da TiToeul jgufs aZlevs sxvadasxva (3-4) produqts,
romelsac Tan axlavs vargisianobis da gamoSvebis vadasTan dakavSirebuli warwerebi.
SesaZlebelia jgufs daurigdes mxolod etiketebi.
moswavleebma unda Seiswavlon produqtebis etiketebi da Seitanon isini cxrilis
Sesabamis grafaSi
sakvebi produqtis gamoSvebis TariRi vargisianobis vada
saxelwodeba
1.
2.
3.

rekomendacia:
Tu moswavleebma kargad gaarTves Tavi davalebas, sasurvelia jgufebs Soris gaicvalos
etiketebi.

3. etiketebis analizis warmodgena (7 wT)

yvela jgufi waradgens etiketebidan miRebuli monacemebis prezentacias.

maswavlebeli:
– ras daamatebdiT dafaze Camoweril argumentebs? (savaraudod es iqneba: * gamoSvebis
TariRi * vargisianobis vada).
– mxolod sakvebi produqtis garegnuli saxiT SeiZleba vimsjeloT vargisianobis
vada
mis vargisianobaze? 03.10.17
– momavalSi, rodesac dagWirdebaT sakvebi produqtebis SeZena, 20.10.17
SeamowmebT Tu ara vargisianobis vadas?

– SeiZleba vendoT iseT produqts, romelzec ar iqneba aRniSnuli
gamoSvebis TariRi da vargisianobis vada? ratom?

4. gakveTilis Sejameba da saSinao davaleba (3 wT)

maswavlebeli mokled Seajamebs am gakveTilis aqtivobasa da SeZe-

nil codnas.
avalebs moswavleebs, Seiswavlon saxlSi arsebuli sakvebi produq­
tebis vargisianobis vadebi. amoarCion maT Soris vadagasuli produqtebi
(Tuki aseTi iqneba) da iseTebic, romelTa etiketze saerTod ar aris miTiTebuli gamoS-
vebis an vargisianobis TariRebi. gaakeTon maTi sia da Semdeg gakveTilze warmoadginon.

133
 gakveTili 34

Tema: janmrTeloba
gakveTilis saTauri: sisxldenebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos erTmaneTisgan gaarCios kapilaru-
li, venuri da arteriuli sisxldenebi da gamoimuSa-
os praqtikuli unarebi, raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
aRmouCinos gadaudebeli daxmareba dazaralebuls.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle:  lobs pirveli samedicino daxmarebis elementarul
f
wesebs (mag., msubuqi Wrilobebis damuSaveba, dazianebu-
li kidurebis dafiqsireba, sisxldenis SeCereba).

gaixsene:
adamianis organizmSi sami tipis sisxlZarRvia: kapilari, vena, arteria.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. iodi da spirti xels uwyobs mikrobebis ganadgurebas, rasac wyali ver akeTebs.
2. marlis dolbandi, polieTilenisagan gansxvavebiT, kans da Wrilobas ar uzRudavs
haeris miwodebas.
3. wyliT dabana da miwisa an sxva WuWyisgan gasufTaveba, iodiT an spirtiT Wrilobis
irgvliv damuSaveba, dolbandis safenis dadeba.
4
# .
pirveli daxmareba sisxldenebis dros
sisxldenis saxe sisxldenis daxasiaTeba pirveli daxmareba
ziandeba wvrili sisxlZarRvebi. mTeli
kapilaruli Wriloba muSavdeba iodiT da ixveva
Wrilobidan Jonavs sisxli, romelic male
sisxldena marlis saxveviT.
TviTonve wydeba.
ziandeba kanis zedapirTan axlos mdebare zogjer sakmarisia mWidro damwoli
venebi. SeuCerebel nakadad iRvreba muqi naxvevis gakeTeba. sxva SemTxvevebSi
venuri sisxldena
wiTeli sisxli. daxmarebis gareSe aseTi saWiro xdeba rezinis laxtis ga-
sisxldena ver SeCerdeba. daWera.
ziandeba sqeli sisxlZarRvebi – arte- pirvel rigSi, xels an TiTs vaWerT
riebi. Wrilobas, saidanac sisxli gadmodis.
arteriuli sisxl-
Wrilobidan alisferi sisxli amoxeTqavs. aucileblad vuWerT Wrilobis ze-
dena
sisxldenis SEeCereba SesaZlebelia mxo- moT arterias, rezinis laxts, qamars
lod gare Carevis SemTxvevaSi. an dagrexil zonars.

134
 gakveTili 35

Tema: janmrTeloba
gakveTilis saTauri: alkoholi da narkotikebi
gakveTilis mizani:  oswavle gaiazrebs adamianis organizmze alkoholisa
m
da narkotikebis mavne zemoqmedebis Sedegebs. Caatarebs
monacemebze dafuZnebul kvlevebs, gamoitans daskvnebs,
SeZlebs imsjelos gamomwvev mizezebsa da mavne Cvevebis
Tavidan acilebis gzebze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.1. moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikul aqtivobebSi
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
monawileoba da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis demonstrireba.
 un.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze
b
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: iyenebs sxvadasxva saSualebas kvlevis Sedegebis aRricx-
va-organizebisaTvis (Canaweri, svetovani diagrama, cxri-
li);
aanalizebs Sedegebs da gamoaqvs daskvna;
adarebs erTmaneTs sakuTari da TanaklaselTa dakvir-
vebis Sedegebs;
warudgens miRebul Sedegebsa da daskvnebs Tanaklase-
lebs komunikaciis sxvadasxva formiT (mag., zepiri
metyvelebis, weriTi metyvelebis, ist-is saSualebiT).

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1-5 davalebebis Sesruleba mimdinareobs monacemTa analizis, Sedegebis Segrovebis
da diskusiebis reJimSi.

gakveTili 36

Tema: janmrTeloba
gakveTilis saTauri: ra aris radiacia
gakveTilis mizani: i nformaciul teqstebze dayrdnobiT moswavle SeZlebs
Seiswavlos ra aris radiacia, imsjelos mis gamomwvev
mizezebze, gavrcelebaze, radiaciis Sedegebze. daadgens
faqtorebs, romlebic uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamianis
janmrTelobaze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: a saxelebs adamianis janmrTelobaze uaryofiTad moqmed
faqtorebs (mag., momatebuli radiacia, dabinZurebuli
garemo, arajansaRi kveba, xmauri, nikotini, narkotikebi);
saWiro masala:  abaxis furclebi, flomasterebi, „saswavlo gaCere­
T
bebis~ eleqtronuli resursebidan amobeWdili aslebi
jgufebis raodenobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

135
 savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
2. aseT kasrebSi radioaqtiur narCenebs aTavseben da specialurad gamoyofil adgi-
lebSi marxaven. aseT yuTebTan miaxloeba, miT umetes, maTi gaxsna ar SeiZleba.

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. mosamzadebeli etapi – jgufebis formireba (3 wT)

klasi dayaviT 4 jgufad (jgufebis raodenoba gansazRvreT moswavleTa raodenobi-

dan gamomdinare); gaacaniT moswavleebs gakveTilis Tema da mizani. moswavleebs winas-
war gaacaniT instruqcia, auxseniT, rom Tanmimdevrulad unda mividnen magidebTan – e.w.
saswavlo gaCerebebTan, sadac mocemulia informaciuli teqstebi. jgufis wevrebi jer
gaecnobian informacias, Semdeg Seasruleben teqstis bolos mocemul davalebas an dava-
lebebs. kiTxvebze pasuxebs, Sevsebul cxrilebs da sxv. gadaitanen Tabaxis furcelze,
romelsac prezentaciisas warudgenen klass.

2. teqstebze muSaoba, informaciis daxarisxeba, msjeloba (20 wT)

gaacaniT jgufebs Sesasrulebeli davalebebi „gaCerebebis“ mixedviT. winaswar Seax-

seneT, rom TiToeuli gaCerebisTvis gansazRvrulia dro 4 wT. yvela gaCerebaze jgufs
xvdeba sxvadasxva informacia, romelic asaxulia danarTebze da davalebis Sesrulebis
instruqcia.

gaCereba 1 – `ambavi jadosnuri fxvnilisa“

gaCereba 2 – ra aris radiacia?
gaCereba 3 – radiacia kvebiT jaWvSi
gaCereba 4 – radiaciuli higiena
gaCereba 5 – ar daviviwyoT atomuri afeTqebis Sedegi

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 saswavlo gaCereba 1 „ambavi jadosnuri fxvnilisa“

gaecaniT namdvil ambavs da upasuxeT qvemoT mocemul kiTxvebs:

...1987 wels orma brazilielma mamakacma saavadmyofos samedicino dan-

adgaridan foladis lamazi yuTi amoiRo, romelSic raRac fxvnili eyara.
saxlSi waiRes. imave dRes orives janmrTelobis mdgomareoba gauaresda.
xuTi dRis Semdeg yuTi ZvelmanebiT movaWres mihyides, romelmac RamiT
yuTidan amosuli cisferi naTeba SeniSna. momdevno sami dRis ganmavlobaSi
igi mowveul naTesavebs uCveulo sanaxaobiT arTobda. gamomSvidobebisas ki
yuTidan amoRebul `jadosnur fxvnils~ yvelas samaxsovro saCuqrebad atanda.
Zalian male ojaxis stumrebs janmrTelobis problemebi SeeqmnaT. movaWris
SeSfoTebulma colma yuTi da masSi darCenili cotaodeni fxvnili uaxloes
saavadmyofoSi waiRo. fxvnilis gamokvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom saqme gan-
sakuTrebulad saSiS radioaqtiur nivTierebas exeboda. qalaqi SeiZra, radgan
aRmoCnda, rom ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi fxvnilma uamravi adamianis xelSi
gaiara. gamoikvlies 112 000 moqalaqe. maTgan 249 dasxivebuli aRmoCnda, 129
adamians xiluli cvlilebebi aReniSneboda: damwvroba, sxvadasxva organos
dazianeba. amaTgan oTxi maleve gardaicvala, erTi ki – xangrZlivi avadmyo-
fobis Semdeg. qalaqis 85 saxlSi radiaciuli dabinZurebis kvali aRmoaCines,
xolo niadagis dabinZurebis mravali adgili ipoves. am qalaqis mosaxleo-
bas mravali Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar uSvebdnen avtobusebSi, matareblebsa da
TviTmfrinavSi, ar asaxlebdnen sxva qalaqebis sastumroebSi. mniSvnelovnad
Semcirda turistebis raodenoba mTel braziliaSi.

waikiTxe ambavi da upasuxe Semdeg kiTxvebs:

a) ra gamafrTxilebeli niSani unda yofiliyo saavadmyofoSi napovn yuTze?
b) moxdeboda Tu ara es katastrofa, stumrebidan romelimes mainc rom scodnoda
radiaciis saSiSroebis Sesaxeb? Sen rogor moiqceodi `jadosnuri fxvnilis~ Cuqebis
SemTxvevaSi?
g) saRamos gamarTul wveulebebze savaraudod 20 adamianze meti ar iqneboda. rogor
gavrcelda ase swrafad radiacia mTel qalaqSi?
d) Seni azriT, vin iqneboda is oTxi gardacvlili adamiani?
e) radioaqtiur nivTierebebTan moqcevis ra wesebi ar daicves adamianebma?
v) ivaraude, rogor SeiZleboda dabinZurebuliyo 85 saxli?
z) ratom ukrZalavdnen mTeli qalaqis mosaxleobas sazogadoebrivi transportiT
sargeblobas?
T) ratom Tqves turistebma uari braziliaSi mogzaurobaze? elodaT maT raime saSiS-
roeba mogzaurobis dros?

137
 saswavlo gaCereba 2 ra aris radiacia?

gaecaniT informacias da SeavseT qvemoT mocemuli cxrili.

radiacia laTinuri sityvaa (`radiare~) da sxivis gaSvebas, gamosxivebas niSnavs. radia-

cia sxvadasxva saxis gamosxivebaa, romelTa nawili bunebrivad warmoiqmneba, nawils ki
adamianis mier Seqmnili sxeulebi da nivTierebebi gamoscems. aseT obieqtebs radiaciis
wyaro hqvia.
mze, sxva kosmosuri sxeulebi, miwa radiaciis bunebrivi wyaroebia. dedamiwis zogi-
erT adgilas iseTi nivTierebebis sabadoebia, romelTac bunebrivad aqvT radiaciis
unari. maT radioaqtiuri nivTierebebi hqvia. aseT sabadoebTan radiacia momatebulia.
bunebrivi radiacia yvela adamianze moqmedebs. adamianma xelovnurad asobiT axali
radioaqtiuri nivTiereba Seqmna.
radiaciuli gamosxivebis wyaro SeiZleba iyos bunebrivi an xelovnuri. kosmosi bune-
brivi radiaciis wyaroa. amitom, rac ufro maRla imyofebi mTebSi, miT metia radiacia.
dedamiwaze bunebrivad arsebobs ramdenime adgili: braziliaSi, indoeTSi, safran-
geTSi, egviptesa da wynari okeanis kunZul niueze, sadac bunebrivi radiaciis Zalian
maRali donea. xalxi iq janmrTelia, radgan xangrZlivi cxovrebis manZilze SeZles aseT
garemopirobebTan Segueba.

yuTSi mocemuli sityvebi da gamonaTqvamebi CawereT sqemis Sesabamis cariel ujrebSi.

atomuri eleqtrosad- radiaciuli gamosxivebis wyaro

gurebi

birTvuli sabrZolo
iaraRi xelovnuri 

samedicino aparatura
dedamiwis

sayofacxovrebo xel-
sawyoebi
varskvlavebi,
kosmosidan afeTqebebi mzeze
bunebrivi

wiaRiseuli radioa-
qtiuri nivTierebebi

es firniSi adamianebs radiaciuli

zonis arsebobis Sesaxeb afrTx-
ilebs. janmrTelobis dacvis
mizniT unda moerido aseT adgi-
lebs.

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 saswavlo gaCereba 3 radiacia kvebiT jaWvSi

gaecaniT informacias.
radiaciuli gamosxivebis wyaroebi mravalferovania. isini xSirad Cven gverdiTaa.
amitom unda vicodeT, ra gziT SeiZleba SeaRwios radioaqtiurma nivTierebam Cvens
organizmSi.
radioaqtiuri narCenebi tbebSi, zRvebSi, okeaneebSic xvdeba, sadac maT wylis
mcenareebi da cxovelebi STanTqaven. cxovelebis organizmSi isini rogorc gare-
modan, aseve kvebiTi jaWvis wina rgolidanac xvdebian.

wyalsatevSi moxvedril radioaqtiur nivTierebebs wyalmcenare STanTqavs. es

nivTierebebi mcenareSi grovdeba da kvebiTi jaWvis daxmarebiT loqos organizmSic
aRwevs.

mcenareebi fesvebiT STanTqaven niadagidan wyals da masSi moxvedril radioaqtiur

nivTierebebs. mcenareSi isini wvimis dros foTlebidanac xvdeba. kvebiTi jaWviT
aseTi mcenaridan radioaqtiuri nivTierebebi mcenarismWameli cxovelebis qsovi-
lebSi xvdeba. maTi rZisa da xorcis sakvebad gamoyenebisas ki – adamianis organizmSi.
radiaqtiuri nivTierebebi dabinZurebuli garemodan cocxal organizmebSi iwyebs
dagrovebas. TandaTan zogierTi mcenarisa da cxovelis sxeulSi bevrad meti radi-
aqtiuri nivTiereba grovdeba, vidre es maT saarsebo garemoSia.

tborulas sxeulSi sxvadasxva radioaqtiuri nivTiereba

swrafad grovdeba. masze specialuri analizis CatarebiT
garemos radiaciuli dabinZurebis dones adgenen.

daakvirdiT qvemoT mocemul sqemas da daadgineT, romeli

gzebiT xvdeba adamianis organizmSi radioaqtiuri nivTierebebi? suraTebis gamoy-
enebiT aawyveT sqema.

1. daakvirdi sqemas da daadgine, romeli gzebiT xvdeba adamianis organizmSi

radioaqtiuri nivTierebebi?

radiaciuli
dabinZurebis wyaro
naleqi

mcenareuli produqti

rZis
produqti

saZovrebi da
savargulebi

xorci

139
 saswavlo gaCereba 4 radiaciuli higiena

gaecaniT teqsts da amowereT mniSvnelovani informacia.

medicinis dargs, romelic adamianis organizmze radiaciuli gamosxivebis zemoq-
medebas da misgan dacvis gzebs Seiswavlis, radiaciuli higiena hqvia. Cven bunebriv da
xelovnur gamosxivebaTa garemoSi vcxovrobT. radiaciis organizmze zemoqmedebas
dasxiveba ewodeba. adamianma dasxiveba SeiZleba ori gziT miiRos.

adamianis dasxivebis wyaro

garegani Sinagani

garegani radiaciis wyaro garemodan asxivebs da organizmis kanze, Tmebze, Tvalebze

moqmedebs.
Sinagani dasxivebis dros, radioaqtiuri nivTierebebi sunTqvisas, sakvebTan an wyalTan
erTad organizmSi xvdeba. organizmis SigniT moxvedrili radiaciis wyaro, anu Sinagani
dasxiveba gansakuTrebiT saSiSia janmrTelobisTvis.
dasxiveba SeiZleba iyos susti an Zlieri. mcire dasxivebis mkurnaloba vitaminebisa
da zogierTi sakvebi produqtis daxmarebiT SeiZleba. rac ufro Zlieria dasxiveba, miT
met zians ayenebs organizms. igi SeiZleba damwvrobis, infeqciebis, simsivnis warmoqm-
nis, sisxlis gaTeTrebis, uSvilobis, mxedvelobis dazianebis mizezi gaxdes. adamianis
organizmze radiaciis zemoqmedeba SeiZleba momdevno TaobebSi gamovlindes.
radiaciuli usafrTxoebis wesebi:

1. saxlidan gamodi ukiduresi aucileblobis dros;

2. gaikeTe saTvale, niRabi, xelTaTmanebi, kapiuSoni da sxva damcavi saSualebebi;
3. dabrunebisas gamoicvale tansacmeli da miiRe Sxapi;
4. wyali ar unda moxvdes TvalSi, yursa da cxvirSi;
5. mkacrad daicavi piradi higiena.

sakvebi produqtis, wylis, miwis an sagnebis radiaciisgan gauvnebelyofa SeuZlebe-

lia. amitom radiaciulad dabinZurebul adgilebSi:

1. ar ikvebo wyalsatevSi daWerili TevziT;

2. ar miirTva Seumowmebeli rZe da rZis produqtebi;
3. ar gamoiyeno iq mobinadre cxovelTa xorci.

140
 saswavlo gaCereba 5 ar daviviwyoT atomuri afeTqebis Sedegi

gaecaniT informacias da SeavseT qvemoT mocemuli cxrili

1945 wels hirosimasa da nagasakSi (iaponiis kunZulebi) amerikelebma ori atomuri
bombi Camoagdes, ris Sedegadac aTiaTasobiT adamiani daiRupa. es dRe mTeli kacobrio-
bis tragediad iqca.
gavida dro da dabombvas gadarCenili adamianebi eqimebs sisustis, moTenTilobis
CivilebiT akiTxavdnen. iaponeli eqimebi ver xvdebodnen, ra daavadeba sWirda am ada-
mianebs, ra iwvevda maT TiTqosda umizezo sikvdils. mogvianebiT gairkva, rom atom-
uri afeTqebisas maT gadametebuli radiaciuli dasxiveba miiRes, rac wlebis Semdeg
gamovlinda.
2011 wlis martSi ukuSimas atomuri sadguridan radiacia garemoSi gavrcelda. ram-
denime dReSi aikrZala zogierTi sakvebi produqtis miReba, daiwyo mosaxleobis evakua-
cia. magram jer kidev bolomde ar aris cnobili, rogor imoqmedebs am avariis Sedegebi
adamianebis janmrTelobasa da garemoze.

sasunTqi mili
farisebri jirkvali

1. sxvadasxva organo da qsovili

filtvebi
gansxvavebulad ziandeba radiaciis
RviZli
dros. gansakuTrebul zians ganicdis kuWi
elenTa
kani. suraTis mixedviT daadgine, nawlavi
ramdenad ziandeba radiaciuli sasqeso jirkvlebi
gamosxivebis dros sxeulis sxvadasxva
organo da monacemebi Seitane cxrilSi.
adamianis organoebis kani
mgrZnobeloba radiaciis mimarT Zvlis qsovili
Zvlis tvini
Zlieri saSualo dabali

mgrZnobiaroba
maRali
saSualo
dabali

cnobilia, rom iaponiaSi atomuri afeTqebisa (1945 w.) da Cernobilis atomuri sad-
guris katastrofis (1986 w.) Semdeg adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi moimata axalSobilTa
ricxvma Tandayolili simaxinjeebiT.

axalSobils TiTo fexze axalSobili Sezrdili

rva TiTi aqvs. kidurebiT

141
 moswavleTa jgufebi instruqciis mixedviT asruleben davalebebs, ajameben informa-
cias da amzadeben prezentaciebs. daakvirdiT jgufebis muSaobas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
daexmareT da mieciT swori mimarTuleba.

saswavlo gaCereba 1 „ambavi jadosnuri fxvnilisa“

davalebis pasuxebi:
a) radiaciis gamafrTxilebeli niSani;
b) ucxo sagani an nivTiereba, romelic moxvdeba Cvens xelSi, unda SeviswavloT
usafrTxoebis kuTxiT;
g) iq myofi yvela adamiani radiaciis wyarod iqca, radgan gaavrcela radiacia
sxva adamianebsa da SenobebSi, sadac ki moxvdeboda;
d) albaT, visac meti da xSiri kontaqti eqneboda radiaciis pirvelwyarosTan;
e) am adamianebma ar daicves usafrTxoebis arcerTi wesi;
v) SesaZloa, yvela ganagrZobda `jadosnuri fxvnilis~ saCuqrad darigebas;
z) radiaciuli usafrTxoebis gamo, radiacia kidev ufro rom ar gavrcelebuliyo;
T) SesaZloa, saSiSroeba ar elodaT, magram usafrTxoebis gamo, Tavs ikavebdnen
braziliaSi gamgzavrebisagan.

3. prezentacia, gakveTilis Sejameba (15 wT)

jgufebi yvela `gaCerebaze~ miRebul informacias aerTianeben da TavianT namuSevrebs

warudgenen klass. jgufebi afaseben erTmaneTis namuSevars da gamoaqvT saTanado daskvnebi.
yvela jgufis prezentacias didi dro dasWirdeba, amitom magaliTad, me-2 jgufi Seafasebs
pirvel jgufs, xolo me-4 jgufi - mesames. mexuTes SeiZleba daavaloT prezentaciebis
procesis monitoringi. amrigad yvela jgufs eqneba procesSi CarTvis saSualeba.

4. urTierTSefaseba/ moswavleTa Sefaseba (5 wT)

daurigeT moswavleebs urTierTSefasebis rubrikebi da sTxoveT Seafason erTmaneTi.

moswavlis urTierTSefasebis rubrika (ganmaviTarebeli SefasebisTvis)

kriteriumebi cudad saSualod kargad

saubrobs radiaciis gamomwvev
mizezebze/ gavrcelebaze
saubrobs radiaciis Sedegebze

asaxelebs adamianis janmrTelo-

baze uaryofiTad moqmed faqto-
rebs.

142
 moswavleebi SesaZlebelia SeafasoT gakveTilis msvlelobisas Semdegi rubrikebis
mixedviT:

jgufuri muSaobis Sefasebis rubrika

kriteriumebi cudad saSualod kargad
(1) (2) (3)

icaven jgufuri muSaobis wesebs.

jgufis wevrebi erTad muSaoben dasaxuli miznis
misaRwevad.
jgufis wevrebi Tanabrad inawileben funqciebs.
usmenen erTmaneTs da iziareben erTmaneTis mosazre-
bebs.
jgufis wevrebi ismenen maswavleblis instruqciebs
da Tavs arTmeven micemul davalebebs.
jgufi amzadebs prezentacias, warmoaCenen mTavar
sakiTxs/azrs.
prezentaciisas icaven drois limits.

kriteriumebi 1- 2 3 -4 5-6 7-8 9-10

saubari ver saubrobs saubrobs saubrobs saubrobs Tanmi- yovelTvis
Tanmimdevru- Tanmimdevru- Tanmimdevru- mdevrulad, xSi- saubrobs Tan-
lad, uWirs lad, iSviaTad lad, zogjer rad logikurad, mimdevrulad,
azris Camoya- logikurad, logikurad, damajereblad logikurad,
libeba. damajereblad damajereblad ayalibebs azrs. damajereblad
ayalibebs azrs. ayalibebs azrs. ayalibebs azrs.
sakiTxis saubrisas ver informaciis informaciis informaciis informaciis
ganxilva warmoaCens sa- gadmocemisas gadmocemisas gadmocemisas gadmocemisas
kiTxis arss. iSviaTad Seu- zogjer Seu- xSirad SeuZlia yovelTvis Seu-
Zlia sakiTxis Zlia sakiTxis sakiTxis arsis Zlia sakiTxis
arsis warmoCena. arsis warmoCena. warmoCena. arsis warmoCena.
dasmul Seki- dasmul SekiTx- dasmul SekiTx- dasmul Seki- dasmul SekiTx-
Txvebze uWirs vebze iSviaTad vebze zogjer Txvebze xSirad vebze yovelT-
adekvaturad logikurad/ logikurad/ logikurad/ vis logikurad/
pasuxebis ga- adekvaturad adekvaturad adekvaturad adekvaturad
cema. pasuxobs. pasuxobs. pasuxobs. pasuxobs.
sakuTari sakuTari mosa- sakuTari sakuTari sakuTari mosa-
mosazrebebis zrebebis gasa- mosazrebebis mosazrebebis zrebebis gasa-
gasamyareblad myareblad iS- gasamyareblad gasamyareblad myareblad yo-
uWirs argumen- viaTad mohyavs zogjer mohyavs xSirad mohyavs velTvis mohyavs
tebis moyvana. argumentebi an argumentebi an argumentebi an argumentebi an
kontrargumen- kontrargumen- kontrargumen- kontrargumen-
tebi. tebi . tebi . tebi.
uWirs sakiTx- sakiTxTan zogjer sakiTx- xSirad sakiTx- sakiTxTan
Tan dakavSire- dakavSirebiT Tan dakavSire- Tan dakavSire- dakavSirebiT
biT mosazrebe- gamoTqmuli biT gamoTqmuli biT gamoTqmuli gamoTqmuli
bis gamoTqma. mosazrebebi mosazrebebi mosazrebebi mosazrebebi
iSviaTadaa ori- originaluria. originaluria. yovelTvis ori-
ginaluria. ginaluria.
sakiTxTan sakiTxTan sakiTxTan sakiTxTan daka- sakiTxTan daka-
dakavSirebiT dakavSirebiT dakavSirebiT vSirebiT xSirad vSirebiT yo-
uWirs daskvne- iSviaTad gamo­ zogjer gamo­ gamoaqvs saTa- velTvis gamo­
bis gamotana. aqvs saTanado aqvs saTanado nado daskvnebi. aqvs saTanado
daskvnebi. daskvnebi. daskvnebi.
TanamSromloba iSviaTad ismens iSviaTad ismens zogjer ismens xSirad ismens yovelTvis
sxvebis mo- sxvebis mo- sxvebis mo- sxvebis mo- ismens sxvebis
sazrebebs da sazrebebs da sazrebebs da sazrebebs da mosazrebebs da
pativs scems pativs scems pativs scems pativs scems pativs scems
gansxvavebul gansxvavebul gansxvavebul gansxvavebul gansxvavebul
Sexedulebebs. Sexedulebebs. Sexedulebebs. Sexedulebebs. Sexedulebebs.

143
 rekomendacia:
sasurvelia maswavlebelma winaswar moamzados saklaso oTaxi TanamSromlobiTi swav-
lebis gansaxorcieleblad. amisaTvis saWiroa xuTi magida. merxebi ise unda iyos ganlage-
buli saklaso oTaxis sivrceSi, rom moswavleebma Tavisuflad imoZraon ( jgufebma unda
imoZraon saaTis isris mimarTulebiT). miaqcieT yuradReba, rom moswavleebma „saswavlo
gaCerebebze“ davalebebis pasuxebi, Sevsebuli cxrilebi da a.S. paralelurad gadaitanon
Tabaxis furcelebze.
klasis saWiroebidan gamomdinare: 1. SesaZlebelia TiToeul gaCerebas daumatoT samuSao
dro; 2. ar aris aucilebeli gamoiyenoT yvela „saswavlo gaCereba“; 3. SesaZlebelia daema-
tos „saswavlo gaCereba“. 4. internetis gamoyeneba, sadac moswavleebi SeZleben moiZion
informacia/suraTebi/filmi.
a) atomuri sadguris afeTqebis Sedegebze – Tandayolili simaxinjeebi;
b) radiaciuli usafrTxoebis wesebi.

5. saSinao davaleba

mokled SeajameT gakveTili da mieciT moswavleebs saSinao davaleba. savarjiSoebi

Sesruldes rveulSi.

gakveTili 37

Tema: janmrTeloba
gakveTilis saTauri: janmrTeloba da garemo
gakveTilis mizani:  oswavle SeZlos janmrTelobaze moqmedi faqtoris,
m
magaliTad, dabinZurebuli garemos, organizmze mavne
zemoqmedebis xarisxis gacnobiereba, imsjelos mosa­
lodnel Sedegebze da maTi Tavidan acilebis gzebze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.3. moswavlem unda SeZlos adamianis janmrTelobaze
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: a saxelebs adamianis janmrTelobaze uaryofiTad moqmed
faqtorebs (mag., dabinZurebuli garemo).

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. pirobiTi gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi gvamcnobs, rom: ar SeiZleba banaoba, moweva ar
SeiZleba, onkanis wyali ar ismeba, ar SeiZleba Tevzaoba, haerSi gamonabolqvia.

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Tavi VII energia

gakveTili 38

Tema: energia
gakveTilis saTauri: ra aris energia?
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos energiis cnebaze da energiis
saxeebze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos energiis sxvadasxva sa­­
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
xeze da maT urTierTgardaqmnebze msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: aRwers da ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisgan sxvadasxva saxis
(mag., moZraobis, siTbur, eleqtrul, sakvebis da sawvavis)
energias.
saWiro masala: dakvirveba: wyali, wylis temperaturis sazomi Termo-
metri, Slangi, sacobi, raime WurWeli, saaTi.
 raqtikuli: Sokoladis patara natexi, rkinis kovzi,
p
xelTaTmani, minis patara kolba, Termometri, Stativi,
menzura, 10 mg wyali.

gaixsene:
1. moZraoba drois ganmavlobaSi sxeulis mdebareobis cvlilebaa sxva sxeulebis
mimarT.
2. bgera garemos nawilakebis rxeviTi moZraobaa, romelic talRebad vrceldeba
airi­sebr, Txevad da myar garemoSi. mag., Tu gitaris simebs xels CamovkravT, isini
rxevas daiwyeben, ris gamoc maT garSemo myofi haeri bevrjer SeikumSeba da gaiSle-
ba. amis Semdeg, haerSi bevri iseTi „kumSva“ da „Sla“ gavrceldeba, rogorc Wavli
vrcel­deba wylis zedapirze. am talRebs bgeriTi talRebi hqvia. isini uxila­via,
mag­ram rodesac yurs miaRweven, dafis apkis rxevas iwveven da bgera gvesmis. bgeri-
Ti talRa myar sxeulSic gadis, siTxeSica da airSic. igi mxolod vakuumSi (cari-
el sivrceSi) ver vrceldeba.
3. dedamiwa mzis sxivebiT Tbeba da naTdeba.
4. arsebobs sinaTlis bunebrivi da xelovnuri wyaroebi. mag., bunebrivi wyaroebia:
mze da sxva varskvlavebi, cicinaTela da sxv., xolo xelovnuria: lampa, anTebuli
naTura, sanTeli da sxv.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. energia.
2. energia muSaobis Sesrulebis unaria.
3. mag., karadis gadaadgilebisTvis Zala mWirdeba. Tu me energia maqvs, maSin muSao-
bac SemiZlia Sevasrulo.
4. roca energia gvaqvs, moZraoba SegviZlia; energia yvela sxeulis moZraobisa da
muSaobis wyaroa.
5. a) 11 000 kilojouli; b) 10 kilojouli; g) xuTi litri benzinis energia metia; d) 700
kilojouli.
6. moZraoba, mag., saxlidan skolaSi gzis gavla, gakveTilebis swavla da sxv.
7. energia sWirdeba adamians moZraobisTvis, raime saqmis sakeTeblad, mzis energia

145
 sWirdeba mcenareebs nayofi an yvavili rom gamoisxan; energia sWirdeba manqanebs
da mowyobilobebs, rom imuSaon.

dakvirveba:
Slangidan wamosuli wylis temperatura ufro maRali iqneba, radgan Slangma mzis
energia STanTqa da wyali gaaTbo.

gakveTili 39

Tema: energia
gakveTilis saTauri: energiis formebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos aRweros da ganasxvaos erTmaneTisgan
energiis saxeebi da magaliTebiT aCvenos, rom energia
SeiZleba erTi sxeulidan meores gadaeces.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos energiis sxvadasxva saxe­
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
ze da maT urTierTgardaqmnebze msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: aRwers da ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisgan sxvadasxva saxis
(mag., moZraobis, siTbur, eleqtrul, sakvebis da sawvavis)
energias;
 agaliTebiT an martivi cdebiT aCvenebs, rom energia
m
SeiZleba erTi sxeulidan meores gadaeces.

gaixsene:
1. sxeulis masas misi awonviT vadgenT. asawonad saswori gamoiyeneba. masis sazomi er-
Teulia grami, kilogrami, tona.
2. eleqtruli deni aris damuxtuli nawilakebis mowesrigebuli moZraoba. igi war-
moiqmneba denis wyaros saSualebiT, gadacema ki xdeba specialuri masalisgan
damzadebuli eleqtrosadenebiT.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. siTbocvla anu siTbogadacema muSaobis Sesrulebis gareSe Sinagani energiis cvli­
lebaa. siTbogadacemis saxeebia: a) Tbogamtaroba, roca energia gadaecema sxeulis
metad gacxelebuli nawilidan naklebad gacxelebul nawils, sxeulis nawilakebis
urTierTqmedebisa da moZraobis meSveobiT. axasiaTebs myar sxeulebs. b) konveq-
cia, roca nivTierebis dinebebiT (WavlebiT) xdeba energiis gadacema. axasiaTebs
siTxeebs da airebs. g) gamosxiveba, roca eleqtromagnituri talRebis meSveobiT
xdeba energiis gadacema. SeiZleba adgili hqondes vakuumSic (sicarieleSi). kargi
TbogamtarobiT gamoirCeva oqro, vercxli, rkina, almasi, volframi da sxv.
2. bgeris energia – 3, 10, 13, 15; eleqtruli energia – 1, 4, 13, 14, 9, 15; siTburi energia:
7, 12, 13, 14, 15; sinaTlis energia – 9, 12; moZraobis energia – 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 16.
3. meaTe sarTulze, radgan me-10 sarTulze asvlisas ufro met muSaobas vasrulebT,
rac ufro met energias moiTxovs.
4. siTburi energia qimiuri da meqanikuri urTierTqmedebis Sedegad gamoiyofa.
5. Tanamedrove pirobebSi eleqtruli energiis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneboda adamia-
nis cxovreba da saqmianoba. eleqtroenergia gvWirdeba Senobebis gasanaTeblad,
gasaTbobad, sxvadasxva eleqtroxelsawyos asamuSaveblad. mag., kompiuters muSa­
obisTvis eleqtroenergia sWirdeba. Tu is ar gveqneba, mas ver vamuSavebT, da Sesa-
bamisad, ver moviZiebT, ver gavagzavniT informacias da sxv.

146
 gakveTili 40

Tema: energia
gakveTilis saTauri: energiis gardaqmna
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos magaliTebiT an martivi cdebiT
aCvenos, rom energia SeiZleba erTi sxeulidan meores
gadaeces da erTi saxidan meoreSi gadavides.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos energiis sxvadasxva saxe­
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
ze da maT urTierTgardaqmnebze msjeloba.
 edegi TvalsaCinoa,
S
Tu moswavle: magaliTebiT an martivi cdebiT aCvenebs, rom energia
SeiZleba erTi sxeulidan meores gadaeces;
 agaliTebiT an martivi cdebiT aCvenebs, rom energia
m
SeiZleba erTi saxidan meoreSi gadavides (mag., moZraobis
energia gadavides siTbur energiaSi, eleqtruli ener-
gia – sinaTlis, siTbur an moZraobis energiebSi).
saWiro masala: sanTeli, makrateli, asanTi, furceli, mavTuli.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. a) eleqtruli energia siTbur energiad; b) eleqtruli energia sinaTlis da siTbur
energiad; g) eleqtruli energia siTbur, sinaTlis da bgeriT energiad; d) eleq­
truli energia moZraobis, siTbur da bgeriT energiad;
2. a) moZrav sxeulebs gaaCniaT meqanikuri anu moZraobis energia; b) qvanaxSirs daw-
vamde aqvs mcenareebis mier mzisgan miRebuli qimiuri energia, romelic wvis pro-
cesSi gardaiqmneba siTbur energiad; d) mdinares meqanikuri, anu moZraobis ener-
gia aqvs.
3. eleqtruli energia miiReba mzis, qaris, wylis energiis gardaqmnis Sedegad. aseve
sawvavis dawvis Sedegad gamoyofili siTburi energiis gardaqmniT.
4. eleqtroenergiis saSualebiT SeiZleba miviRoT siTburi, meqanikuri (anu moZrao-
bis), sinaTlis, bgeris energia.
5. anTebul fanars sinaTlis da siTburi, okeanis talRas – meqanikuri, CarTul tele-
vizors – sinaTlis da bgeriTi, aduRebul wyals – siTburi.
6. a – 6; b – 3; g – 5; d - 1; e – 2; v – 3; z – 4.

praqtikuli:
qaRaldis spirali trials daiwyebs, radgan siTbos moqmedebis gamo haeri gaTbeba da
gafarTovdeba, anu siTburi energia moZraobis energiad gardaiqmna.

147
 gakveTili 41

Tema: energia
gakveTilis saTauri: energiis wyaroebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos ganasxvaos energiis ganaxlebadi da
araganaxlebadi wyaroebi da imsjelos adamianisTvis maT
mniSvnelobaze;.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos energiis sxvadasxva sax-
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
eze da maT urTierTgardaqmnaze msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: ganasxvavebs energiis ganaxlebad da araganaxlebad wyaro­
ebs da msjelobs adamianisTvis maT mniSvnelobaze.

gaixsene:
1. sinaTlis, siTbos misaRebad, televizoris sayureblad, mobiluris dasatenad,
kom­piuteris asamuSaveblad, samoZraod da sxv.
2. muSaobis Sesrulebis Sedegad.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1.

2. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis Semcireba ar xdeba, xolo araganaxlebadi wyaroe-

bi TandaTan ileva da isini gamoyenebis Semdeg aRar aRdgeba.
3. ganaxlebadia: 1, 4, 8.
araganaxlebadia: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11.
4. a) xe-tyes; b) amowurvadi, magram aRdgenadi; g) tyeSi; d) Semcirdeba, SesaZloa
gamoilios kidec. Tanac tye dedamiwis atmosferos JangbadiT amaragebs da misi
amowurvis SemTxvevaSi haerSi Jangbadis raodenoba Semcirdeba. es ki safrTxes Se­
uqmnis sicocxlis arsebobas; e) movZebno energiis sxva alternatiuli saSualeba.

ifiqre:
1. daaxloebiT 50 weli.

148
 gakveTili 42

Tema: energia
gakveTilis saTauri: energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos ganasxvaos energiis ganaxlebadi da
araganaxlebadi wyaroebi da imsjelos adamianisTvis maT
mniSvnelobaze;.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos energiis sxvadasxva saxe­
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
ze da maT urTierTgardaqmnebze msjeloba.
 edegi TvalsaCinoa,
S
Tu moswavle: ganasxvavebs energiis ganaxlebad da araganaxlebad wyaro­
ebs da msjelobs adamianisTvis maT mniSvnelobaze.
saWiro masala: xili da bostneuli (kartofili, limoni, xaxvi, moxar­
Suli kartofili, vaSli, mJave kitri), spilenZis mav-
Tuli, TuTiis firfita, SemaerTebeli mavTulebi,
ampermetri, manaTobeli diodi (diodi oreleqtrodi-
ani eleqtronuli xelsawyoa, romelic dens erTi mima-
rTulebiT atarebs).

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. mzis energiis gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi TiTqmis yvelgan SeiZleba, radgan mzis
naTebis xangrZlivoba Cvens qveyanaSi sakmaod didia. qaris energiis gamoyeneba ki
iseT adgilebSia SesaZlebeli, sadac qari mudmivad qris da Tanac misi siCqare 3-4
m-ia wamSi. aseTi adgilebi Cvens qveyanaSi mravladaa. mag., mdinare rionis xeoba qa-
laq quTaisTan, mdinare mtkvris xeoba Tbilisis midamoebSi, q. goris misadgomebi
da sxv.
2. amowurvad resursebs adamiani ukve Zalian didi xania iyenebs, radgan kacobrio-
bis ganviTarebis adreul periodSi igi sxva saSualebebs ar icnobda. am bolo dros
adamiani mixvda, rom maTi maragi iwureba da axali gzebis Zieba daiwyo. amJamad ada-
miani cdilobs amowurvadi resursebi amouwuravi resursebiT Caanacvlos, Tumca
es yvelgan araa SesaZlebeli. mag., mzis energiis gamoyeneba bevr adgilas, gansa-
kuTrebiT ki, polarul raionebSi SeuZlebelia. aseve SeuZlebelia qaris energiis
gamoyeneba iseT adgilebSi, sadac qari mudmivad ar qris.

energiis wyaro dadebiTi mxare uaryofiTi mxare

mzis energia amowurvadi, ekologiurad saWiroa vrceli teritoria, sadac
sufTa mzis naTebis xangrZlivoba didia,
Zvirad Rirebuli danadgarebi
qaris energia amowurvadi, ekologiurad iyeneben iseT adgilebSi, sadac mud-
sufTa mivad qris qari, romlis siCqare 3-4
m/wm-s aRemateba, xmauri, amaxinjebs
garemos, safrTxes uqmnis frinve-
lebs.
wylis energia amowurvadi, ekologiurad Cqari mdinare, saWiroa wyalsacave-
sufTa bis ageba vrcel teritoriaze
geoTermuli energia amowurvadi, ekologiurad mxolod garkveul adgilebSia
sufTa SesaZ­lebeli gamoyeneba
talRebis miqceva-moqcevis amowurvadi, ekologiurad mxolod garkveul adgilebSia
sufTa SesaZ­lebeli gamoyeneba.

149
 gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba – kiTxva-pasuxi (10 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaixsenon rogorc wina gakveTilebze, aseve wina wels naswavli
masala da upasuxon kiTxvebs:
a) ras niSnavs energoresursebi?
b) energiis romel wyaroebs uwodeben araganaxlebads anu amowurvads?
g) energiis romel wyaroebs uwodeben ganaxlebads anu amouwuravs?
d) rogor fiqrob, ratom uwodeben energiis ganaxlebad wyaroebs aseve energiis ara-
tradiciul anu alternatiul wyaroebsac?
e) ra aris eleqtroba da eleqtruli energia? (eleqtruli energia Cven xelT arsebuli
energiis erT-erTi yvelaze gamosadegi formaa).
v) sad iyeneben eleqtrul energias? (eleqtruli energiis saSualebiT muSaobs jibis fanari,
televizori, kompiuteri da a.S.).
z) ra axasiaTebs eleqtrobas? (eleqtroba batareebidan an didi generatorebidan miiReba.
aseT generatorebSi gamomuSavebuli energiis eleqtrosadenebis saSualebiT did manZilze gadace-
maa SesaZlebeli.)
T) ra aris batarea? (batarea mudmivi eleqtruli denis wyaroa, romelSic mimdinareobs eleq­
truli muxtebis gancalkeveba, romelic grovdeba denis wyaros polusebze. batarea eleqtrobis
xelsayreli sacavia, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes sxvadasxva mowyobilobebis eleqtroen-
ergiiT uzrunvelsayofad).
e) ra aris ampermetri? (ampermetri eleqtrodenis Zalis sazomi xelsawyoa).

2. teqstze muSaoba da praqtikuli samuSao: xil-bostneuliT batareis

damzadeba (20 wT)
dayaviT moswavleebi 3 jgufad da TiToeul jgufs mieciT davaleba waikiTxos teqstis
is nawili, romelic Tqven mouniSneT. pirvelma jgufma waikiTxos mzis energiis Sesaxeb.
meore jgufma qaris energiis Sesaxeb, mesamem – wylis energiis Sesaxeb. jgufebi mokled
warmoadgenen informacias energiis alternatiuli wyaroebis Sesaxeb.

uTxariT moswavleebs, rom alternatiuli energiis wyaro aseve SeiZleba iyos xil-
bostneulisgan damzadebuli batarea. 200 wlis win gamogonebuli pirveli batarea swored
xilis wvenze muSaobda. 1800 wels alesandro voltam 2 cali liTonis – spilenZisa da
TuTiis firfitebisgan da maT Soris Cadebuli limonis wveniT gaJRenTili tyavis safenis-
gan Seqmna martivi mowyobiloba – pirveli batarea.
imis dasadgenad, SesaZlebelia Tu ara msgavsi ram, maT mouwevT cdis Catareba.

gaacaniT moswavleebs cdis mizani da amocanebi:

mizani:
daadgino namdvilad SeuZlia Tu ara xilsa da bostneuls, iyos eleqtruli energiis
wyaro.
SesaZlebelia Tu ara xilisgan, bostneulisgan da xelmisawvdomi masalebisgan eleq­
truli batareis damzadeba?

amocanebi:
gaigo rogor aris mowyobili batarea?
aawyo batarea sxvadasxva xilisgan da bostneulisgan;
gazomo eleqtruli deni;
daakvirde amuSavebs Tu ara miRebuli eleqtruli deni eleqtrul lampas.

ganumarteT moswavleebs, rom xilis wveni Tavisi TvisebebiT msubuq mJavas warmoadgens,
amitom Tu xilSi 2 cal eleqtrods (eleqtrodi gamtaria. mag., firfita, Rero da sxv.,

150
romlis saSualebiTac eleqtruli deni Sedis siTxeSi an gazSi.) CavdebT – erTs spilenZis,
xolo meores TuTiis – maSin eleqtrodebs Soris msubuqi eleqtruli deni warmoiqmneba.
modiT vnaxoT marTla asea Tu ara.
moswavleebTan erTad CaatareT sademonstracio cda.

cdis msvleloba:
1 etapi: eleqtruli denis Zalis gazomva xilsa da bostneulSi.
xilSi an bostneulSi Cade TuTiis firfita da spilenZis mavTuli.
mavTulebiT miuerTe ampermetri.
CainiSne ampermetrze naCvenebi monacemebi, romelic gviCvenebs eleqtruli denis Zalas
xilSi an bostneulSi.
igive cda gaimeore sxva saxis xilisTvis an bostneulisTvis da CainiSne monacemebi.
Seadare monacemebi erTmaneTs da gamoitane daskvna: romeli xili an bostneuli iZleva
ufro met eleqtrul dens?

me-2 etapi: xil-bostneulis batareis muSaobis gamocda diodur sanaTze.

Cade xilSi an bostneulSi TuTiis firfita da spilenZis mavTuli.
xils an bostneuls miuerTe TanmimdevrobiT manaTobeli diodi.
miuerTe mavTulebs ampermetri.
daakvirdi manaTobel diods: Tu ar anaTebs, es niSnavs, rom eleqtruli denis Zala
arasakmarisia.
mimdevrobiT miuerTe kidev sami xili an bostneuli, ise rom, wredSi isini saTiTaod
daamato.
daakvirdi manaTobeli diodis naTebas.
gamoitane daskvna (rac ufro met elementebs vrTavT wredSi, miT ufro metia eleq­
truli denis Zala. garda amisa, Cven mier awyobili batareis simZlavre damokidebulia
ara marto xilisa da bostneulis raodenobaze, aramed maT vargisianobaze.)

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (10 wT)

uTxariT moswavleebs, rom internetSi arsebobs informacia, rom erTma adamianma did
britaneTSi 226,8 kg kartofilisgan imdeni eleqtruli deni miiRo, rom audiosistemis
amuSaveba SeZlo, Tanac ise rom musika mis mezoblebsac ki esmodaT. iqneb es marTlac
realobaa, radgan Cvenc ki SevZeliT 6 sxvadasxva xilisgan da bostneulisgan 5.24 voltis
miReba. maSasadame Cven mier gamoTqmuli hipoTeza dadasturda: Cven mier Seqmnili
alternatiuli modeli pirdapir amtkicebs, rom xilsa da bostneuls aqvs eleqtruli
Tvisebebi da maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia eleqtruli energiis alternatiul wyaroebad.
manaTobeli diodis gasanaTeblad Cven 4 bostneuli dagvWirda, Tumca es simZlavre arasak-
marisia Cveulebrivi eleqtruli lampis gasanaTeblad. imisaTvis rom lampis gasanaTeblad
saWiro simZlavre miviRoT, 400 mimdevrobiT SeerTebuli kartofili dagvWirdeboda.

4. Sefaseba: ganmaviTarebeli

daurigeT moswavleebs winaswar momzadebuli gasasvleli bileTebi da sTxoveT maT

Seavson isini da gasvlisas datovon Tqvens magidaze.
gasasvleli bileTis nimuSi:
1. CamoTvale 3 sakiTxi, romelic ganvixileT gakveTilze da romelmac yvelaze metad
dagainteresa;
2. daasaxele is erTi sakiTxi, romelic yvelaze metad mogewonaT da fiqrob, rom
gamogadgeba?
3. romeli sakiTxis Sesaxeb jer kidev SekiTxvebi?
4. rogor fiqrob, ramdenad SesaZlebelia xil-bostneulisgan damzadebuli bataree-
bis, rogorc energiis alternatiuli wyaros, gamoyeneba?

151
 5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs Seasrulon savarjiSo N3.

gakveTili 43

Tema: energia
gakveTilis saTauri: Cven da energia
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos ganasxvaos energiis ganaxlebadi da
araganaxlebadi wyaroebi da imsjelos adamianisTvis maT
mniSvnelobaze;.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos energiis sxvadasxva sax-
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
eze da maT urTierTgardaqmnebze msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: ganasxvavebs energiis ganaxlebad da araganaxlebad wyaro­
ebs da msjelobs adamianisTvis maT mniSvnelobaze.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. ekonomiuri: a), b), d), e), z);
araekonomiuri: g), v).

proeqti:
rogor davzogoT energia?

rekomendacia:
amJamad `energoefeqturobis centri – saqarTvelo“ qarTulenovani ekonakvalevis
gamosaTvleli kalkulatoris Seqmnaze muSaobs. aplikacia, romelSic sxvadasxva kiTxvaA
gaerTiandeba, ekologiuri nakvalevis zomis dadgenaSi dagexmareba: saWiroa adamianebma
dainaxon, Tu ramdenad mtkivneulad zemoqmedebs TiToeuli Cvengani cxovrebis wesi gare-
moze. davfiqrdeT, ramdenad mniSvnelovania resursebis optimalurad gamoyeneba. Tu amaze
jer fiqrs, Semdeg ki qmedebebs daviwyebT, imedia, odnav ukeTesi mainc gaxdeba msoflio.
qarTulenovani kalkulatoris gamosvlamde ki garemoze Tqveni zemoqmedebis xarisxisa
da ekologiuri nakvalevis zomis gagebaSi ucxoenovani kalkulatorebi dagexmarebaT,
romelTa naxva am bmulebzea SesaZlebeli:
http://myfootprint.org/subscription.php
http://www.earthday.net/Footprint/index.asp

damxmare literatura:
http://weg.ge/sites/default/files/energiis_ganaxlebadi_cqaroebi.pdf
http://www.energocredit.ge/sites/default/files/best_practice_guide_ge.pdf

152
Tavi VIII xmeleTis reliefi

gakveTili 44

Tema: xmeleTis reliefi

gakveTilis saTauri: garemos cvlileba
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos gamoikvlios da aRweros xmele-
Tis reliefis cvlileba da imsjelos am cvlilebebSi
bunebrivi movlenebisa da adamianis saqmianobis mniSv­
nelobaze; moipovos informacia da aRweros misTvis
nacnob garemoSi reliefis cvlilebebis magaliTebi.
 avSiri esg-is standartis
k
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos xmeleTis reliefis
cvlilebaSi bunebrivi movlenebisa da adamianis saqmi-
anobis rolze msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: i kvlevs da aRwers nacnobi bunebrivi garemos reliefs;
warmoadgens vizualur masalas (mag., fotoebs) misi mra­
valferovnebis Sesaxeb;
 oipovebs informacias da aRwers misTvis nacnob gare-
m
moSi reliefis cvlilebis magaliTebs.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. wyaldidoba, miwisZvra, vulkanis amofrqveva, zvavi, mewyeri, Rvarcofi.
4. bunebriv da xelovnur (adamianis mier Seqmnil) geografiul obieqtebad.
6. suraTebze naCvenebia erTi da igive garemo sxvadasxva dros. mag., md. mtkvris xeoba
da md. aragvi sofel ananurTan warsulSi da amJamad.

gakveTili 45

Tema: xmeleTis reliefi

gakveTilis saTauri: mTebi da vakeebi
gakveTilis mizani: moswavlem SeZlos gamoikvlios da aRweros xmele-
Tis reliefis cvlileba da imsjelos am cvlilebebSi
bunebrivi movlenebisa da adamianis saqmianobis mniS-
vnelobaze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.8 moswavlem unda SeZlos xmeleTis reliefis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
cvlilebaSi bunebrivi movlenebisa da adamianis saqmi-
anobis rolze msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: ikvlevs da aRwers nacnobi bunebrivi garemos reliefs;
warmoadgens vizualur masalas (mag., fotoebs) misi mra­
valferovnebis Sesaxeb.

153
 gaixsene:
1. mTa dedamiwis zedapiris amaRlebuli formaa. mTis nawilebia Ziri, kalTa da mwver-
vali.
2. uReltexili qedebs Soris yvelaze dabali adgilia.
3. rukis legendis, ufro zustad ki Seferilobis skalis mixedviT. TiToeuli feri
mTis da vakis simaRles Seesabameba.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. dabali simaRlis mTebia: urali – evropa-aziis sazRvarze;
saSualo simaRlis – didi wyalgamyofi qedi avstraliaSi, apalaCebi CrdiloeT
amerikaSi, skandinaviis mTebi evropaSi da sxv.
maRali – himalais. aziaSi, alpebi da kavkasioni evropaSi, andebi samxreT amerikaSi,
kordilierebi CrdiloeT amerikaSi.
2. vake mosworebuli teritoriaa, amitom aq saqmianoba, mSenebloba, soflis meurneo-
bis ganviTareba, gzebis gayvana gacilebiT advilia, vidre mTebSi.
3. 1 – mTa; 2 – zegani; 3 – uReltexili; 4 – vake; 5 – qedi.
4. andebSi – amazoni, kordilierebSi – kolorado, alpebSi – dunai, himalaiSi – xu-
anxe, kavkasionze – rioni, aragvi.
5. 1 – d; 2 – a; 3 – e; 4 – b; 5 – g.
6. mag., dablobebi – amazonis da ind-gangis, simaRle 0-200 m; maRlobebi – Sua ruse-
Tis, imereTis, simaRle 200-500 m; zegnebi – braziliis da Suacimbiris, simaRle 500-
1000 m;
7. amazonis dablobi – samxreTi amerika; ind-gangis – azias; didi da centraluri va-
keebi – CrdiloeTi amerika, tibetis zegani – azia; misisipis dablobi – CrdiloeTi
amerika, dasavleT cimbiris vake – azia; kaspiispira dablobi – azia, CineTis didi
vake – azia, Sua cimbiris zegani – azia; aRmosavleT evropis vake – evropa.

gakveTili 46

Tema: xmeleTis reliefi

gakveTilis saTauri: gamofitva
gakveTilis mizani:  moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos, ra gavlenas axdens buneb­
rivi da xelovnuri procesebi dedamiwis zedapiris
Secvlaze.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
 un.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos xmeleTis reliefis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: b
cvlilebaSi bunebrivi movlenebisa da adamianis saqmi-
anobis rolze msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle:  amoTqvams varauds, ra bunebrivi (mag., wvimebi, Rvar-
g
cofis movardna) an xelovnuri (mag., sasoflo-sameurneo
saqmianoba, gzebis gayvana) procesebis Sedegi SeiZ­leba
iyos dedamiwis zedapiris cvlilebebi;
ganixilavs dedamiwis zedapirze mimdinare cvlilebebis
(mag., erozia, abrazia) mniSvnelobas cocxali samyaro-
saTvis.
saWiro masala: pinceti, granitis patara natexi, spirtqura, asanTi, Wiqa,
civi wyali.

154
 gaixsene:
1. gaTbobis Sedegad farTovdeba, xolo gacivebis Sedegad – ikumSeba.
2. iyineba da farTovdeba.
3. dedamiwis zedapiris uecar ryevas miwisZvra hqvia. vulkani geologiuri warmonaqm-
nia, romelic Seqmnilia dedamiwis zedapirze dedamiwis qerqidan amofrqveuli
lavis gadaadgilebis da gacivebis Sedegad. orive movlena cvlis dedamiwis re-
liefs – miwisZvris Sedegad Cndeba Rrmulebi, napralebi, zogan warmoiqmna amaR­
lebebi; vulkanis amofrqvevis adgilas warmoiqmneba kraterebi, amofrqveuli lava
ki cvlis dedamiwis zedapirs.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. qanebis daSla mzis, qaris, wylis, myinvaris, cocxali organizmebis moqmedebiT
aris gamowveuli.
2. dedamiwis zedapiris amgebi qanebi dRisiT mzis sxivebiT Tbeba da Sesabamisad far-
Tovdeba, xolo RamiT civdeba da Sesabamisad ikumSeba. amgvari zemoqmedebis gamo
maT bzarebi da napralebi uCndebaT da droTa ganmavlobaSi iSlebian.
3. fxvieri, radgan aseT qanebSi nawilakebis SeWiduloba naklebia da isini advilad
iSlebian gaTboba-gacivebis procesSi.

praqtikuli:
daskvna: graniti xSiri da swrafi gaTboba-gacivebis Sedegad kargavs simyares da advilad
imsxvreva.

gakveTili 47

Tema: xmeleTis reliefi

gakveTilis saTauri: dedamiwis zedapiris Secvla
gakveTilis mizani:  oswavlem SeZlos imsjelos, ra gavlenas axdens buneb­
m
rivi da xelovnuri procesebi dedamiwis zedapiris
Secvlaze; ganixilos dedamiwis zedapirze mimdinare
procesebis mniSvneloba cocxali samyarosaTvis.
kavSiri esg-is standartis
SedegTan da indikatorebi: bun.VI.8. moswavlem unda SeZlos xmeleTis reliefis
cvlilebaSi bunebrivi movlenebisa da adamianis saqmi-
anobis rolze msjeloba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa,
Tu moswavle: gamoTqvams varauds, ra bunebrivi (mag., wvimebi, Rvar-
cofis movardna) an xelovnuri (mag., sasoflo-sameur-
neo saqmianoba, gzebis gayvana) procesebis Sedegi Sei-
Zleba iyos dedamiwis zedapiris cvlilebebi;
 anixilavs dedamiwis zedapirze mimdinare cvlilebebis
g
(mag., erozia, abrazia) mniSvnelobas cocxali samyaro-
saTvis.
saWiro masala: xis Rari, Tixanarevi qviSa, didi zomis qvebi, 3-4 cali
aguri, wylis onkani an ramdenime cali wyliT savse boT-
li.

savarjiSoebis pasuxebi:
1. amgebi qanebis bzarebsa da napralebSi dagrovili wyali kidev ufro afarToebs
maT da xels uwyobs daSlas. mdinareebi TavianTi dinebis mimarTulebiT Wrian, an-

155
 greven, Slian da recxaven misi kalapotis amgeb qanebs. warmoqmnili naSali masa-
la ki okeaneebsa da zRvebSi CaaqvT. qanebis daSlaSi qari did rols asrulebs: mas
mtve­ri, qvebi, qanebis amgebi wvrili nawilakebi erTi adgilidan meoreze gadaaqvs.
xolo okeaneebisa da zRvebis sanapiroebze qaris mier warmoqmnili talRebi an-
greven da saxes ucvlian sanapiros.
2. myinvari nela moZraobs da am dros Txris da angrevs amgeb qanebs, romelic gamd-
nar wyals qveviT Camoaqvs da dabal adgilebSi leqavs an mdinareebs Caaqvs.
3. xmeleTis zedapirs saxes adamianic ucvlis Tavisi sameurneo saqmianobiT: gahyavs
gzebi, gvirabebi, amuSavebs miwebs, aSenebs qalaqebs, soflebs, moipovebs sasargeb­
lo wiaRiseuls da sxv.

praqtikuli 1:
onkanis gaxsnis Semdeg RarSi mcire zomis Rrante warmoiqmneba.
roca onkans ufro metad mouSveb, Rrante ufro metad gaRrmavdeba da gafarTovdeba.
Raris gverdebSi Cadebuli qvebi xels uSlian gadarecxvis process da Rrantec ufro
metad daklaknili xdeba. RarSi xramis warmoqmnis imitacia moxda.

damatebiTi sarekomendacio aqtivoba:

rogor warmoiqmneba mewyeri?
sTxoveT moswavleebs, ficarze dayaron miwa da ficari erTi boloTi maRla aswion
(daaxloebiT 10 sm-ze). Semdeg miwas daasxan erTi Wiqa wyali da daakvirdnen, ra mouva miwas.
Semdeg ficari kidev 10 sm-ze aswion da miwas kidev erTi Wiqa wyali daasxan.
aseTi procedura oTxjer gaimeoron da dakvirvebis Sedegebi Seitanon cxrilSi.

ficris simaRle wylis raodenoba dakvirvebis Sedegebi

1 10 sm 1 Wiqa miwis CamoSlas dasWirda 3 wuTi.

2 20 sm 2 Wiqa miwis CamoSlas dasWirda 2 wuTi.

3 30 sm 3 Wiqa miwis CamoSlas dasWirda 1 wuTi.

4 40 sm 4 Wiqa miwa erT wuTze nakleb droSi CamoiSala.

cdis Catarebisa da cxrilis Sevsebis Semdeg gamoitanon daskvna:

a) ra SemTxvevaSi ufro swrafad CamoiSala miwa ficarze? (rac ufro aweulia ficari)
b) ra uwyobs mewyeris warmoqmnas xels? (mTis ferdobebis daxriloba da wyali, mag.,
kokispiruli wvimebi).

gakveTilis msvleloba:
1. winare codnis gaaqtiureba – kiTxva-pasuxi (10 wT)

sTxoveT moswavleebs gaixsenon gavlili masala da upasuxon kiTxvebs:

a) ra aris reliefi? (dedamiwis zedapiris uswormasworobaTa erToblioba).

156
 b) romeli movlenebis Sedegad icvleba dedamiwis zedapiris reliefi? (Sinagani Zalebis
moqmedebiT – miwisZvra, vulkanis amofrqveva).
b) rogor mimdinareobs gamofitvis procesi dedamiwis zedapirze? (mzis sxivebis moq-
medebiT dedamiwis amgebi qanebi TandaTan iSlebian).
d) kidev ra procesebma SeiZleba Secvalos dedamiwis zedapiris reliefi?

2. aqtivoba `areuli Tanmimdevroba“ da praqtikuli muSaoba (30 wT)

dayaviT klasi jgufebad. TiToeul jgufs daurigeT winaswar momzadebuli winadade-

bebad daWrili teqsti, oRond areuli TanmimdevrobiT da sTxoveT maT, daalagon isini
logikurad da swored. Semdeg waikiTxon teqsti da gaacnon mTel klass.
a) pirveli jgufis teqsti:
mdinareebs didi damangreveli Zala aqvT.
isini mTebsa da qedebSi xeobebs Wrian, angreven, Slian da recxaven mdinaris kalapotis
amgeb qanebs.
Semdeg ki warmoqmnili naSali masala okeaneebsa da zRvebSi CaaqvT.
denadi wylis an sxva procesebis erToblivi moqmedebiT gamowveul niadagis an qanebis
gadarecxva-ngrevas erozia hqvia.
mdinaris mier Seqmnili reliefis formebi – xevebi, xeobebi, xramebi TiTqmis yvelgan
gvxdeba.

b) meore jgufis teqsti:

xmeleTis zedapirs formas ucvlis mewyeric.
mewyeri mTis kalTaze an ferdobze simZimis Zalis gavleniT miwis masebis an qanebis
fenis mowyveta da gadaadgilebaa.
mewyeris warmoSobis mizezia amgebi qanebis wonasworobis darRveva, rasac iwvevs fer-
dobis Ziris gamorecxva, qanebis simtkicis Sesusteba gamofitvis an Warbi tenianobis gamo,
seismuri biZgebi, adamianis sameurneo saqmianoba garemos pirobebis gauTvaliswineblad
da sxv.
mewyers SeuZlia daangrios saxlebi, Seuqmnas saSiSroeba dasaxlebul punqtebs, sasof­
lo sameurneo miwebs, gzebsa da gvirabebs, wyalsacavebs, gadaxergos xeoba, warmoqmnas
droebiTi tbebi, xeli Seuwyos wyaldidobas da sxv.
mewyerTan brZolis efeqtiani saSualebaa mTis kalTebis gatyianeba, sainJinro nage-
bobebiT gamagreba, wylis drenaJi da sxva.

g) mesame jgufis teqsti:

qanebis daSlas da naSali masalis gadatanas mTian da polarul raionebSi xels uwyobs
myinvaric.
myinvari nel-nela mococavs qveviT da am dros Txris da angrevs amgeb qanebs.

gamdnar wyals Tan miaqvs naSali masala da dabal adgilebSi leqavs an mdinareebSi
Caaqvs, saidanac sabolood zRvaSi an okeaneSi xvdeba.

myinvaris moqmedebis Sedegad xmeleTis zedapirze warmoiqmneba reliefis myinvaruli

formebi: trogi, verZis Subli, tbis qvabuli, myinvaruli nakawri, xuWuWa kldeebi da sxv.
myinvaris mier gadatanili da daleqili natexi qanebis dauxarisxebel grovas morena
hqvia.

d) meoTxe jgufis teqsti:

qanebis daSlaSi qaric monawileobs.
sust qars mxolod mtveri da qanebis wvrili nawilakebi gadaaqvs, xolo Zlier qars –
qviSa da qvebic ki.
qars sakmaod did manZilze gadaaqvs gamofituli masala da gzadagza kidev ufro aquc-
macebs mas.

157
 sadac qari Cadgeba an winaaRmdegoba Sexvdeba, es masalac iq grovdeba.
qaris moqmedebis Sedegi kargad Cans udabnoebsa da naxevarudabnoebSi, utyeo da maRalm-
Tian adgilebSi.
okeaneebisa da zRvebis napirebze qaris mier agorebuli talRebi angreven da saxes
ucvlian sanapiros, rasac abrazia hqvia.
jgufebis mier teqstis mTlianad ganxilvis Semdeg moswavleebTan erTad CaatareT
praqtikuli – rogor warmoiqmneba xrami? (instruqcia ix. moswavlis wignSi)

3. gakveTilis Sejameba (5 wT)

mokled SeajameT gakveTili. ganumarteT moswavleebs, rom reliefi warmoiqmneba Sina-

gani, anu endogenuri da garegani, anu egzogenuri Zalebis dedamiwis qerqze moqmedebiT
da moicavs gansxvavebuli sididis, warmoSobis, asakisa da ganviTarebis istoriis mqone
formebs. Sinagani procesebis upiratesi zegavleniT ZiriTadad warmoiqmneba planetu-
ri masStabis uswormasworobani, xolo garegani procesebis Sedegad xdeba maTi ngreva,
danawevreba, xmeleTis zedapiris gadarecxva da reliefis mcire formebis warmoqmna. es
procesebi dedamiwis zedapirze erTdroulad, magram drosa da sivrceSi gansxvavebuli
siZlieriT moqmedebs. reliefis formirebaSi aqtiurad monawileobs agreTve adamiani,
romelic qmnis e.w. anTropogenur reliefs.

4. Sefaseba

SeafaseT moswavleebi jgufuri muSaobis Sefasebis sqemiT (Sefasebis rubrika ix. Tavi
SefasebaSi).

5. saSinao davaleba

sTxoveT moswavleebs Sin Seasrulon savarjiSo 3 da 4.

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7.
rekomendebuli Sefaseba
bunebismetyvelebaSi

Sefasebis mizani

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolaSi Sefasebis mizania swavla-swavlebis xarisxis marTva,

romelic gulisxmobs, erTi mxriv, swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebas, meore mxriv, swav-
lis xarisxis kontrols. xarisxis gaumjobeseba ukavSirdeba swavlis process, xarisxis
kontroli ki – swavlis Sedegs.

erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi Tavi, romelic moswavlis Sefasebis miznebs Seexeba,

Seivso swavla-swavlebis xarisxis monitoringis punqtiT da mkafiod aRiniSna, rom
„Sefaseba unda iZleodes informacias moswavlis individualuri progresis Sesaxeb“.
axal redaqciaSi Sefasebis ZiriTad principad gamocxadda, rom „moswavlis Sefaseba
aris swavla-swavlebis ganuyofeli nawili. Tanamimdevruli saganmanaTleblo procesis
uzrunvelsayofad moswavlis Sefaseba unda daefuZnos swavlis konstruqtivistul
principebs“.
axal redaqciaSi gaCnda sruliad axali Canaweri Sefasebis amocanebis Sesaxeb, romelic
radikalurad cvlis rogorc ganmaviTarebeli, aseve ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis arssa
da teqnologias.
kerZod, moswavlis Sefasebis ZiriTadi amocanebia:
a) aCvenos, rogor mimdinareobs moswavlis codnis konstruirebis procesi da mex-
sierebaSi arsebuli codnis urTierTdakavSireba;
b) axali saswavlo sakiTxis/Temis dawyebamde daadginos moswavlis winare codna da
warmodgenebi;
g) gamoavlinos, ramdenad axerxebs moswavle sakuTari Zlieri da susti mxareebis
damoukideblad Sefasebas, aseve ramdenad gaazrebul da efeqtian nabijebs dgams
igi sakuTari winsvlis xelSesawyobad;
d) moicvas samive kategoriis codna;
e) aCvenos, ramdenad axerxebs moswavle codnis erTobliobaTa funqciurad gamo­
yenebas Sinaarsian konteqstebSi.
ZiriTadi amocanebis gadasaWrelad moswavlis SefasebaSi prioriteti mieniWeba
kompleqsur, konteqstis mqone davalebebs, romelTa Sesruleba moswavles ubiZgebs
codnis sxvadasxva komponentis interaqtiurad da Tanadroulad gamoyenebisken“.
esg-is mixedviT, maswavleblebs moeTxovebaT, zedmiwevniT yuradRebiT moekidon
rogorc winare codnis dadgenas, ise mimdinare ganmaviTarebel Sefasebasac, kerZod,
moswavleTa TviTSefasebas. ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis Sedegebi maT ganmaviTarebeli
miznebisTvisac unda gamoiyenon, xolo kompleqsuri struqturis Semajamebeli dava-
lebebiT codnis gamoyenebis, maT Soris – transferis (e.i. dauflebuli kompetenciebis
uCveulo, aratipur viTarebaSi gadatanis) ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobac miscen
moswavles.
esg-is mixedviT, moswavleebi Semajamebel davalebaSi ganmsazRvrel Sefasebas aRar
iReben mexuTe klasis meore semestramde, xolo mimdinare saSinao davalebaSi – meSvide
klasamde, ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba ki yvela klasSi unda ganxorcieldes da maswav-
lebels SeuZlia, semestris ganmavlobaSi is „nebismier komponentSi gamoiyenos“.

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 Sefasebis ori ZiriTadi tipi

Sefasebis miznidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleTa Semowmeba daukav-

Sirdes ara mxolod swavlebis Sedegs, aramed swavlis processac. amis uzrunvelsayofad
skolaSi gamoiyeneba ori tipis Sefaseba: ganmsazRvreli da ganmaviTarebeli.
ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba adgens moswavlis miRwevis dones saerTo normasTan mimarTe-
biT da iZleva imis gansazRvris saSualebas, Tu ramdenad daeufla igi sagnobrivi pro-
gramebiT gansazRvrul codnasa da unar-Cvevebs.
ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba amowmebs swavlis xarisxs, igi gansazRvravs TiToeuli
moswavlis codnis dones.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebis uzrunvelyofa,
swavlebis procesSi TiToeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis maqsimalurad xelSewyoba. es
zogadi ganaTlebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani pedagogiuri amocanaa, rogorc amas xazgas-
miT aRniSnavs dimitri uznaZe: `swavlaSi ZiriTadia... im Zalebis ganviTareba, romelnic
swavlis procesSi monawileoben~ (dimitri uznaZe, bavSvis fsiqologia, saskolo asakis
fsiqologia, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 445).
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas maswavlebeli moswavleTa saqmianobas amowmebs ara
maTi miRwevis donis gansasjelad da niSnebis dasawerad, aramed maT dasaxmareblad.
igi akvirdeba TiToeul moswavles swavlis procesSi, Seiswavlis maT saWiroebebs, raTa
am moTxovnilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT dagegmos sagakveTilo procesi da TiToeul maT-
gans maqsimalurad Seuwyos xeli winsvlaSi. maswavlebeli qmnis TanamSromlobiT kon-
struqciul saswavlo garemos, sadac moswavleebs ar aferxebT arc marcxis da arc
warumateblobis SiSi. maT nebismier SemTxvevaSi maswavleblis rCevisa da mxardaWeris
imedi aqvT. aseT garemoSi TiToeuli moswavle, codnis donis miuxedavad, axali cod-
nis SeZeniT, gamocdilebis gamdidrebiTa Tu unarebis gaumjobesebiTaa erTmaneTTan
dakavebuli.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis procesSi maswavlebelTan erTad CarTulebi arian moswav-
leebic. isini cdiloben, maswavleblis daxmarebiT daadginon sakuTari moTxovnilebebi,
Zlieri da susti mxareebi, Semaferxebeli faqtorebi. am procesebSi CarTva ayalibebs
maTSi TviTSefasebisa da TviTganviTarebis unar-Cvevebs, zrdis maT qmedunarianobasac
da pasuxismgeblobasac.
mniSvnelovania, xazi gaesvas im faqts, rom ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi,
moswavle fasdeba sakuTar TavTan, sakuTar miRwevebTan da ara – yvelasaTvis saerTo
normasTan mimarTebiT, raTa man dainaxos sakuTari winsvla da irwmunos, rom SeuZlia
siZneleTa etapobrivad gadalaxva.

bunebismetyvelebaSi TiToeuli semestris ganmavlobaSi moswavleebi fasdebian sami

komponentis mixedviT:

1. saSinao davaleba;
2. saklaso davaleba;
3. Semajamebeli davaleba.

samive komponents erTnairi wona aqvs.

saklaso da saSinao davalebebis komponentebSi gamoiyeneba rogorc ganmsazRvreli,
ise ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba, SemajamebelSi mxolod ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba.

160
 ganmsazRvreli Sefasebisas iwereba niSani.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba akontrolebs TiToeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis dinamikas

da xels uwyobs swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebas.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania swavlis xarisxis gaumjobeseba (da ara misi gakon-
troleba, moswavlis miRwevis donis dadgena erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrul
miznebTan mimarTebiT, akademiuri moswrebis donis gansazRvra, rogorc ganmsazRvreli
Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi). ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis sagania swavlis procesi (da ara swav-
lis Sedegi, rogorc ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi). ganmaviTarebel SefasebaSi
warmatebis kriteriumia konkretuli moswavlis winsvla sakuTar miR­wevebTan mimarTe-
biT (da ara standartiT gansazRvrul normebTan mimarTebiT, rogorc ganmsazRvreli
Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi). ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis Sedegad miRebuli gadawyvetilebaa
moswavlis winsvlis xelSesawyobad gansxvavebuli aqtivobis SerCeva, swavlebis strate-
giis Secvla (da ara momdevno etapze, anu klasSi an safexurze misi daSveba/ardaSveba,
rogorc ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi).
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis strategiebia: sityvieri da werilobiTi komentari,
Se­sasvleli da gasasvleli bileTebi, dafiqrdi – dawyvildi – gauziare, dakvirveba,
qvizi (mokle testi), furceli, TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis sqema da sxv.
gTavazobT ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis zogierT strategias, romelTac gakveTilze
gamoiyenebT:

warmatebis safexurebi

moswavleebma kibis safexurebze raime niSniT unda aRniSnon, Tu rogor gaiges masala:
qveda safexuri Seesabameba pozicias – ver gavige; Sua safexuri – mWirdeba daxmareba,
maqvs dasazustebeli sakiTxebi, maqvs kiTxvebi; zeda safexuri – kargad gavige masala,
samuSaos Sesruleba SemiZlia damoukideblad.

jadosnuri xazebi

moswavleebi furcelze xazaven vertikalur xazebs. maTze jvriT an raime sxva niSniT
aRniSnaven im pozicias, romliTac gamoxataven TavianT azrs, Tu ra doneze Seasrules
davaleba. maswavlebeli amowmebs maT namuSevars da Seaqvs koreqtivebi im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu ar eTanxmeba maT – Tavad svams jvars an qvemoT an zemoT; xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki
eTanxmeba – tovebs ucvlelad da Semoxazavs.

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 plus-minusi

maswavlebeli dafaze xazavs cxrils. moswavleebi saTiTaod midian dafasTan da

cxrilis im grafaSi, sadac weria niSani „+“ weren im faqtebs gakveTilidan, romlebic
yvelze metad daamaxsovrdaT. „-“ niSniT aRniSnul grafaSi weren im sakiTxebs, romle-
bic maTTvis gaurkveveli darCa, dazustebas moiTxovs an ver Seasrules; xolo grafaSi
„saintereso“ (SeiZleba aRiniSnos „?“ -iT) moswavleebi weren im sakiTxebs, romelTa
Sesaxebac maT surT meti gaigon, rac maT ainteresebT.

saintereso
+ _
?

daamTavre winadadeba

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daamTavron winadadebebi. magaliTad:

dRes gavige, rom...
dRes gavakeTe...
dRes vigrZeni, rom...
CemTvis saintereso iyo...
am Temis ( sakiTxis ) Sesaxeb Cemi azria...
gamakvirva...
kidev erTxel movismendi...
gamiCnda survili...
aucileblad gamoviyeneb...

saavtoro skami

moswavleebi morigeobiT sxdebian e.w. saavtoro skamze, afaseben erTmaneTis saqmiano-

bas gakveTilis procesSi da madlobas uxdian erTmaneTs da maswavlebels Catarebuli
gakveTilisTvis. gamoTqvamen azrs gakveTilis dadebiTi mxareebis Sesaxeb.

anketireba

maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs furclebs kiTxvebiT an dafaze wers kiTxvebs

da sTxovs moswavleebs, upasuxon maT. anketis savaraudo kiTxvebi:
kmayofili xar Tu ara gakveTiliT da ratom?
iyo Tu ara saintereso da ram dagainteresa yvelaze metad?
miiRe Tu ara axali codna? moiyvane magaliTi.
ramdenad aqtiuri iyavi gakveTilze?
aRwere raSi monawileobdi.

matarebeli

TiToeul moswavles merxze udevs ori stikeris furceli: erTi mwvane, meore – wiTeli.
dafaze daxatulia matarebeli vagonebiT. TiToeuli vagoni gakveTilze ganxorciele-
bul romelime aqtivobas Seesabameba da Sesabamisi warwera aqvs. moswavlem mwvane stik-
eri unda miakras im vagons, romelzec is aqtivoba weria, romelic mas yvelaze metad
moewona, xolo wiTeli stikeri ki im vagons, romelzec is aqtivoba weria, romelic
SedarebiT naklebad moewona an rTuli iyo, an ver gaakeTa.

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 cisartyela

maswavlebeli dafaze xatavs an akravs cisartyelas fotos. cisartyelas TiToeul

fers Seesabameba garkveuli warwera, mag.: iasamnisferi – dRes gavige; lurji – gamak-
virva; cisferi – saintereso iyo; mwvane – gamomivida; yviTeli – rTuli iyo; forTox-
lisferi – viswavle da wiTeli – axla ukve SemiZlia. moswavleebma TavianT furclebze
unda daxaton cisartyela da cisartyelas TiToeul ferTan daweron Tavisi pasuxebi.

SemiZlia..
axla .
v wavle...
i s

gamiZnelda...
mivida...
g amo
s ntereso i
a i
l ian yo
Za ikvirda... ...
gam
e v i t y v e, r
sS om
Re . ..
d

gasasvleli bileTi

gasasvleli bileTebi moswavleebs urigdebaT gakveTilis bolos, isini avseben mas da

gasvlisas toveben maswavleblis magidaze. meore gakveTilamde maswavlebelma Tvali
unda gadaavlos monawileTa gasasvlel bileTebs, raTa icodes, romeli sakiTxebis
dazustebas da garkvevas saWiroeben moswavleebi. daajgufos bundovani, jer kidev
gaurkveveli sakiTxebi, amoikiTxos TiToeuli maTgani gakveTilze da ecados, rom
sxva monawileebisgan miiRos swori pasuxebi, an miiyvanos moswavleebi swor pasuxamde
kiTxvebis daxmarebiT.
gasasvleli bileTis nimuSi:
1. CamoTvale 3 sakiTxi, romelic ganvixileT gakveTilze da romelmac yvelaze metad
dagainteresa;
2. daasaxeleT is erTi sakiTxi, romelic yvelaze metad mogewona da fiqrob, rom
gamogadgeba;
3. romeli sakiTxis irgvliv gaqvs jer kidev SekiTxvebi?
4. aq unda Caiweros erTi romelime sakiTxi sagakveTilo TemasTan kavSirSi, mag.:
rogor fiqrob, ra saWiroa rukis kiTxvis codna?

Cemodani, nagvis kalaTa, xorcsakepi manqana

maswavlebeli flifCartis 3 furclidan erTze xatavs uzarmazar Cemodans, meoreze –

nagvis kalaTas (yuTi), xolo mesameze – xorcsakep manqanas an mas winaswar momzadebuli
aqvs es sami suraTi da akravs dafaze.

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 moswavleebs urigdebaT yviTeli, lurji an cisferi da nacrisferi webovani fur-
clebi, romlebic Sevsebis Semdeg formatebs unda miakran. maswavlebeli ganumartavs
maT instruqcias: yviTel furcelze, romelic moswavlem `Cemodnian~ formats unda
miakras, igi wers, Tu ra iyo gakveTilze misTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani, saintereso,
saxaliso, damafiqrebeli, axali, rasac gamoiyenebs praqtikaSi. nacrisfer stikerze,
romelsac mesame – „xorcis sakepi manqanis“ – formatze akravs, iwereba is sakiTxebi,
romlebic misTvis sainteresoa, magram jer kidev gaurkvevelia, dasazustebelia da meti
informacia sWirdeba. lurj furcelze, romelsac Semdeg „nagvis kalaTian“ formats
akravs, wers im sakiTxebs, romlebic, misi azriT, ar sWirdeba, usargebloa da nagvis
yuTSi unda gadayaros.
furclebi moswavleebma SeiZleba anonimuradac Seavson. mas Semdeg, rac TiToeuli
moswavle samive feris furcels flifCartebze miakravs, maswavlebeli mokled gaaana-
lizebs Sedegebs.

samizne

maswavlebeli formatis furcelze an dafaze xatavs samiznes, romelic dayofilia

oTx seqtorad. TiToeul seqtorSi iwereba parametrebi. mag., 1-el seqtorSi – gakveTi-
lis Sinaarsis Sefaseba; me-2-Si – gamoyenebuli meTodebis Sefaseba; me-3-Si – maswavle-
blis saqmianobis Sefaseba, xolo me-4-Si – sakuTari saqmianobis Sefaseba. TiToeuli
moswavle midis samiznesTan da flomasters, fanqars an kalams 4-jer (TiTojer TiTo
seqtorSi) „esvris“ samiznes da srolis adgilas aRniSnavs wertils an „+“ niSans da a.S.
es aRniSvna Seesabameba misi Sedegebis Sefasebas. Tu moswavle dabal doneze afasebs
Tavis Sedegebs, maSin samizneze wertili axlos unda iyos 0-Tan, xolo Tu cota metad
– maSin 5-Tan, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ufro maRal doneze afasebs – 10-Tan axlos.
mas Semdeg, rac TiToeuli moswavle „isvris“ mizanSi da 4 wertils aRniSnavs masze,
refleqsiur samizneze dafiqsirebuli Sedegebis mixedviT, maswavlebeli mokled
gaaanalizebs Sedegebs.

rekomendacia:

samizne maswavlebelma iseT adgilas unda dakidos, rom monawileebma SeZlon misi
konfidencialurad Sevseba.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas upiratesad gamoiyeneba sityvieri komentari, rCeva-

darigeba, dakvirvebis furclebi, TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis sqemebi, codnis
aTvisebis, an unaris ganviTarebis etapebis gamomxatveli doneebi. sasurvelia, sami an

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oTxi (magaliTad, 3 done – aTvisebulia, aTvisebulia nawilobriv, auTvisebelia; 4 done –
flobs srulyofilad, flobs umeteswilad, flobs nawilobriv, ver flobs); aTvisebis
Tu flobis doneebiT Sedgenili Sefasebis an TviTSefasebis sqemebi maswavlebels da
moswavles saSualebas aZlevs, dinamikaSi dainaxos konkretuli codnis aTvisebis Tu
unaris ganviTarebis da dauflebis procesi.
GganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqtia TviTSefaseba.
TviTSefaseba adamianis damokidebulebaa sakuTari Tavis mimarT, romelic dadebi-
Tidan (maRali TviTSefaseba) uaryofiTamde meryeobs (dabali TviTSefaseba).
TviTSefaseba aris procesi, romlis saSualebiTac moswavle erTveba sakuTari
swavlis miznebis Camoyalibebasa da sakuTari swavlis procesis marTvaSi. amisaTvis
moswavleebs unda hqondeT sakuTari naSromebis Sefasebis saSualeba. TviTSefaseba
xels uwyobs moswavles, gaerkves sakuTar sust da Zlier mxareebSi da dagegmos Tavisi
saqmianoba, rac daexmareba miznebis miRwevaSi.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, rom awarmoon sakuTar saswavlo aqtivobebze

Canawerebi, perioduli werilobiTi Sefasebebi. magaliTad, TviTSefasebis cxrilSi
SesaZ­loa mocemuli iyos Semdegi punqtebi: (1) ra gavakeTe dRes, (2) rogori warmate-
biT gavakeTe, (3) visTan erTad vimuSave, (4) ra gavakeTe kargad, (5) ra minda, rom ukeT
gavakeTo da a.S.
TviTSefasebis erT-erTi xerxia agreTve, roca maswavlebeli samuSaos dasrulebis
Semdeg moswavleebs sTxovs, Seamowmon pasuxebi da mTel klass ukiTxavs swor variantebs.
moswavleebi adareben sakuTars. miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze moswavleebi afaseben
sakuTar Tavs. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, axsnan TavianTi Secdomebis mizezebi.
aseve, SesaZlebelia, rom wlis dasawyisSi maswavlebelma moswavleebs sTxovos, dageg-
mon momaval semestrSi misaRebi niSani. xdeba realurad miRebuli saboloo niSnisa da
dagegmilis Sedareba. maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ganixilavs warumateblobis
mizezs dasaxuli miznis miuRwevlobis SemTxvevaSi.
mudmivi TviTSefaseba moswavleebs uyalibebs Secdomis mimarT swor damokideb-
ulebas. moswavle xvdeba, rom mxolod Secdomis gamosworebiT aris SesaZlebeli misi
TviTganviTareba.
moswavleTa TviTSefasebisTvis SesaZlebelia kiTxvaris an cxrilis gamoyeneba;
TviTSefasebis kiTxvari:
1. rogor Seafasebdi gakveTilze sakuTar muSaobas – 0-dan 10 qulamde;
2. ra miRwevebi gaqvs swavlis procesSi da rogor miaRwie mas?
3. ra xarvezebi gaqvs swavlis procesSi da rogor apireb maT gamosworebas?
4. rogoria Seni aqtiuroba gakveTilze?
5. ramdenjer ar Seasrule saSinao davaleba?
6. TanamSromlob Tu ara TanaklaselebTan, maswavleblebTan da rogor gexmareba es
urTierToba swavlis procesSi?
7. ras uTmob ZiriTad dros gakveTilze:
a) maswavleblis saubris mosmenas;
b) msjelobas, diskusias;
g) jgufur muSaobas;
d) kiTxvas;
e) wignsa da samuSao rveulSi mocemuli savarjiSoebis Sesrulebas;
v) sxva saqmianobas.
moswavleebs aseve SeiZleba SevavsebinoT kiTxvari Catarebuli gakveTilis Sesaxeb,
romelic amave dros maswavleblisTvis mniSvnelovani indikatori iqneba momavali
mu­Saobis dagegmvisas.

165
 TviTSefasebis anketa

a) maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs TviTSefasebis anketebs da sTxovs, moxazon

pasuxebi. anketis magaliTi:
gakveTilze CarTuli viyavi aqtiurad/pasiurad.
Cemi muSaobiT kmayofili var/ar var kmayofili.
gakveTilze daviRale/ar davRlilvar.
masala gavige/ver gavige.
masala iyo sasargeblo/usargeblo.
ganwyoba gamomikeTda/gamiuaresda.
saSinao davaleba iyo rTuli/martivi.
saSinao davaleba iyo saintereso/uintereso.
b) TviTSefasebis anketa SesaZloa cxrilis saxiT iyos Sedgenili. moswavleebma sasurveli
pasuxi yviTlad unda gaaferadon. TviTSefasebis kriteriumebs maswavlebeli Tavad
arCevs gakveTilis miznidan gamomdinare. anketis magaliTi:

arasdros xandaxan xSirad

viyavi yuradRebiT.
L  J
viyavi aqtiuri.

vasrulebdi yvela davale-

bas.

vamowmebdi Cems namuSevars.

vcdilobdi Secdomebis mo-

Zebnas da gasworebas.

vmonawileobdi cdis, (eqs-

perimentis) CatarebaSi,
prezentaciis momzadebaSi,
jgufur muSaobaSi.

Seafase Sen mier Sesrulebuli samuSao: aRniSne `+~ niSniT, rasac eTanxmebi.
• Cabmuli var gakveTilis, (proeqtis) msvlelobaSi;
• azris gamoTqmis dros ar meSinia Secdomis daSvebis;
• Tu raime ar mesmis an gaurkvevelia, vekiTxebi maswavlebels an Tanaklaselebs;
• aqtiuri var jgufuri muSaobis dros;
• damoukideblad vkiTxulob teqsts da gamomaqvs azri;
• vpoulob teqstSi saWiro informacias;
• vcdilob, moviZio informacia sxva wyaroebidan;
• vcdilob, Cem mier moZiebuli informacia sxva saxiT, mag., cxrili, diagrama, grafiki
da sxv. gamosaxo;
• Cem mier moZiebul informacias, cdebis Sedegebs vacnob Tanaklaselebs;
• saSinao davalebas vamzadeb damoukideblad;
• vatareb saSinao cdebs da praqtikul samuSaoebs.

166
 gakveTilis bolos moswavlis TviTSefasebis sqema
ra iyo gakveTilze SenTvis yvelaze sainte-
reso?
ra iswavle am gakveTilze?
ra gaakeTe am gakveTilze?
visTan erTad imuSave?
ra gaakeTe kargad? ra iyo Seni warmatebis
mizezi?
ra ver gaakeTe kargad? ra iyo Seni waruma-
teblobis mizezi?
ra ginda SemdegSi ukeT gaakeTo?

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba gulisxmobs „codnis urTierTdakavSirebis unaris Sefasebas;

codnis erTobliobaTa funqciuri gamoyenebis unaris Sefasebas. amasTanave, moqmedebs
rCeba „moswavlis akademiuri miRwevis donis dadgena sagnobrivi saswavlo gegmis Sede-
gebTan mimarTebiT“. ganmsazRvrel SefasebaSi aucileblad dasawer qulas „SeiZleba
axldes komentari Zlieri da susti mxareebis aRweriT, xarvezebis gamosasworebeli
miTiTebebiT“.

Sefasebis rubrika Sefasebis efeqtiani instrumentia, romelic, rogorc moswavlee-

bis namuSevris, aseve muSaobis procesis Sefasebis mizniT gamoiyeneba. maswavlebeli
Sefasebis rubrikis gamoyenebiT afasebs moswavleebis mier warmodgenil prezentaciebs,
weriT namuSevrebs, Catarebul cdebs, kvlevebs, proeqtebs.
Sefasebis rubrika sami mTavari elementisgan Sedgeba:
1. samuSaos Sefasebis kriteriumebi (komponentebi);
2. Sefasebis skala (miRwevis xarisxobrivi doneebi);
3. Sefasebis skalaze gadanawilebuli miRwevis doneebis aRwerilobebi.
rubrikis efeqturobas sworad warmodgenili kriteriumebis miznobrioba, maTTan
misadagebuli miRwevis doneebis zusti aRweriloba da Sefasebis skalaze am aRweri-
lobis sworad (xarisxobriv doneebad) gadanawileba gansazRvravs.
mTavari maxasiaTebeli, romelic rubrikas Sefasebis sxva instrumentebisgan gamo-
arCevs, misi „aRweriTi“ da ara „SefasebiTi“ xasiaTia. rubrika aRwers, Tu rogori unda
iyos TiToeul xarisxobriv doneze, TiToeuli kriteriumisTvis moswavleebis mier
Sesrulebuli samuSao/namuSevari, rac Semdgom Sefasebis safuZveli xdeba.
Sefasebis rubrika, maswavleblebis mier moswavleebis SefasebasTan erTad, moswav-
leebis TviTSefasebis, urTierTSefasebisa da refleqsiis unaris ganviTarebas uwyobs
xels. rubrika aseve gvexmareba moswavleebis akademiuri progresisa da saWiroebebis
Sesaxeb iseTi informaciis mopovebaSi, romelic maTi akademiuri problemebisa da
sirTuleebis identificirebas aadvilebs. Sesabamisad, is ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis
instrumentis funqcias iZens.
rubrikis kategorizacia ori gansxvavebuli maxasiaTeblis mixedviT xdeba:
a. kriteriumebis warmodgenis forma;
b. rubrikis Sinaarsi.
kriteriumebis warmodgenis formis mixedviT SeiZleba gamovyoT rubrikis anali-
tikuri da holisturi tipebi.
analitikur rubrikaSi ramdenime kriteriumi da TiToeuli kriteriumis Sesabami-
si miRwevis doneebis aRwerilobaa warmodgenili; holistur rubrikaSi ki Sefasebis
kriteriumebi erTianadaa warmodgenili da, Sesabamisad, yvela kriteriumis Sefaseba

167
 Sefasebis doneebis mixedviT, erTianad xorcieldeba. Sefasebis doneebi, orive tipis
rubrikis SemTxvevaSi, cifrebiT (mag., 1-4), asoebiT (mag., A- F) an sityvebiT (Zalian kargi
– aradamakmayofilebeli) aRiwereba.
analitikuri rubrika moswavleebis samuSaos/namuSevris Sefasebis uaRresad efeqtiani
instrumentia. is detalur informacias iZleva Sesasrulebeli davalebis Se­saxeb, rac
moswavleebs ganmaviTarebel informacias awvdis da uadvilebs imis aRqmas, Tu ra da
rogor unda Seasrulon. Sesabamisad, analitikuri rubrika ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis
mZlavri iaraRis funqcias iZens, Tumca is ganmsazRvreli SefasebisTvisac SeiZleba iqnas
gamoyenebuli. aseve, analitikuri rubrika maswavleblebs diagnostikuri informaciis
mopovebis SesaZleblobasac aZlevs; ramdenime Semfaseblis SemTxvevaSi ki mkveTrad
gansxvavebuli Sefasebebis albaTobas amcirebs.
analitikur rubrikas uaryofiTi mxareebic aqvs; kerZod, mis Seqmnas didi dro da
gamocdileba sWirdeba – bevr pedagogs uZneldeba sxvadasxva kriteriumis gansazRvra
da yvela donisTvis detaluri aRwerilobis dawera, moswavleebi ki vrclad gawerilma
rubrikam SeiZleba daafrTxos. SesaZloa, maT Tavi aaridon mis guldasmiT wakiTxvas.
qvemoT warmodgenilia analitikuri rubrikis nimuSi, romelic maswavlebelma SeiZleba
gamoiyenos ara konkretuli davalebis Sesamowmeblad, aramed moswavleebis saklaso
procesSi CarTulobisa da TanamSromlobis unaris Sefasebis mizniT (cxrili 1). msgav-
si rubrika maswavlebels rogorc ganmaviTarebeli, aseve ganmsazRvreli Sefasebisas
daexmareba.

cxrili 1: moswavleebis saklaso Sefaseba (analitikuri rubrika)

aradamakmayofi- damakmayofi-
kriteriu- kargi Zalian kargi
lebeli lebeli
mi (3 qula) (4 qula)
(1 qula) (2 qula)
ar monawileobs iSviaTad monawi- aqtiurad mo- aqtiurad monawi-
aqtivobebSi, an leobs da Seaqvs nawileobs da leobs da Seaqvs
CarTulo-
monawileobs Zalian wvlili mxolod Seaqvs wvlili mniSvnelovani
ba
iSviaTad. zogierT aqtivo- aqtivobebis wvlili yvela
baSi. umravlesobaSi. aqtivobaSi.
ar TanamSromlobs iSviaTad Tanam- xSirad Ta- yovelTvis Tanam-
an Zalian iSviaTad Sromlobs Tana- namSromlobs Sromlobs wyvi-
Tanam-
– TanatolebTan tolebTan wyvi- kolegebTan wyvi- lebSi/jgufebSi
Sromloba
wyvi­lebSi/jgufe- lebSi/jgufebSi lebSi/jgufebSi muSaobis dros.
bSi muSaobis dros. muSaobis dros. muSaobis dros.

holisturi rubrikis didi upiratesoba isaa, rom misi Sedgena advilia da cota dros
moiTxovs. Tumca, analitikuri rubrikisgan gansxvavebiT, holisturi rubrika nakleb
informaciulia – moswavles ar awvdis detalur informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu samuSaos
konkretulad romel komponentSi daimsaxura maRali an dabali Sefaseba. Sesabamisad,
is ara ganmaviTarebeli, aramed ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis dros ufroa sasargeblo –
maSin, roca Sefaseba mxolod niSnis daweras emsaxureba da misi Sedegebi moswavlee-
bma SeiZleba sulac ver naxon (mag., gamosaSvebi gamocda; misaRebi gamocda). qvemoT
warmodgenilia holisturi rubrikis nimuSi, romelic saSinao davalebis Sesrulebis
xarisxis Sefasebas isaxavs miznad (cxrili 2).

168
 cxrili 1: saSinao davalebis Sefasebis rubrika (holisturi)

aradamakma-
damakmayofilebeli kargi Zalian kargi
yofilebeli
(2 qula) (3 qula) (4 qula)
(1 qula)
monawile ver monawile naklebad monawile metwilad monawile srulad
avlens waki- avlens wakiTxuli ma- avlens wakiTxuli ma- avlens wakiTxuli ma-
Txuli masalis salis codnas; mohyavs, salis codnas; mohyavs, salis codnas; mohyavs,
codnas. sul mcire, erTi maga- sul mcire, erTi maga- sul mcire, ori maga-
liTi sakuTari praqti- liTi sakuTari praqti- liTi sakuTari pra-
kidan; uWirs Tavisi kidan; ZiriTadad asabu- qtikidan, asabuTebs
mosazrebebis argumen- Tebs Tavis mosazrebebs Tavis mosazrebebs
tirebulad dasabuTeba. argumentirebulad. argumentirebulad.

Sinaarsis mixedviT SeiZleba gamovyoT rubrikis zogadi da konkretul davalebaze

morgebuli kategoriebi.
zogadi rubrika, rogorc dasaxelebidan Cans, zogadi xasiaTisaa da misi gamoyeneba
sxvadasxva saxis davalebis Sesafaseblad SeiZleba. SegviZlia moswavleebs is winaswar
gavuziaroT, rac maT muSaobis mimarTulebisa da samuSaos prioritetuli komponen-
tebis danaxvaSi daexmareba.
zogad rubrikaSi warmodgenili Sefasebis kriteriumebi ara konkretuli davalebis,
aramed standartiT gansazRvruli saswavlo miznis komponentebs warmoadgens (mag.,
mocemuli kriteriumebi warmoadgens problemis gadaWris unaris zogad maxasiaTeb-
lebs da ara romelime konkretuli problemis gadaWris gzebs).
zogad rubrikaSi miRwevis doneebis aRwerilobebic ganzogadebuli saxiTaa warmod-
genili, rac dadebiTad zemoqmedebs swavla-swavlebis procesze. SeuZlebelia moswav-
leebi yvela saxis davalebis SesrulebaSi vavarjiSoT: davawerinoT ese, CavatarebinoT
prezentacia nebismier Temaze, gadavawyvetinoT yvela saxis problemuri situacia,
CavatarebinoT cdebi yvela qimiuri elementis gamoyenebiT. moswavleebis­Tvis swored
zogadi unarebisa da konceptualuri codnis SeZenaa umTavresi da ara konkretuli
davalebisTvis warmatebulad Tavis garTmeva. amgvari midgoma codnisa da unarebis
sxvadasxva situaciaSi gadatanas (`transfers~) uwyobs xels, maswavleblebs ki ubiZgebs,
moswavleebs ara konkretuli davalebis SesrulebaSi, aramed zogadi codnis miRebasa
da unarebis ganviTarebaSi daexmaron. zogadi rubrikis mravaljeradi gamoyeneba da
moswavleebisTvis misi winaswar gaziarebaa SesaZlebeli, rac maT Sefasebasa da swavlas
Soris mWidro kavSiris danaxvaSi daexmareba.
zogadi rubrikis kidev erT dadebiT mxares warmoadgens is, rom moswavleebs aZlevs
saSualebas, gansazRvruli miznis misaRwevi gzebi da meTodebi Tavad SearCion; metic,
monawileebs Tavadac SeuZliaT zogadi rubrikis Seqmnis procesSi monawileoba, vinaidan
is zogadi/logikuri komponentebis gansazRvrasa da aRweras moiTxovs.
davalebaze morgebuli rubrika iseTi rubrikaa, romelic konkretul davalebasaa
morgebuli da sxva davalebis Sesafaseblad ar gamodgeba (mag., warmoadgens mocemuli
problemis gadaWris konkretul gzebs; aRwers problemis gadaWris erT konkretul
meTods; warmoadgens im faqtebisa Tu cnebebis CamonaTvals, romelic moswavlem unda
gaiTvaliswinos da namuSevarSi warmoaCinos.
davalebaze morgebuli rubrika maswavlebels mocemuli davalebis Sefasebas
garkveulwilad uadvilebs, radgan iZleva detalur informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu
konkretulad ra pasuxebi/informacia unda iyos warmodgenili moswavlis naSromSi,
raTa is dadebiTad Sefasdes. maswavlebeli swored am konkretul informacias eZebs da
naklebad sWirdeba daskvnebis gamotana da varaudebi. Sesabamisad, Sefasebis procesic
ufro swrafad mimdinareobs da sxvadasxva piris mier ganxorcielebuli Sefasebebic
ufro Tanmimdevruli da Tanxvdenilia.

169
 Sefasebis rubrikebis nimuSebi:

gakveTilSi CarTuloba
qulebi da 9-10 7-8 4-5-6 1-2-3
kriteriumebi
aqtiuri monawi- yovelTvis monawi- yovelTvis mo- xSirad monawi- iSviaTad an
leoba leobs da xSirad nawileobs. leobs. saerTod ar
warmarTavs kidec monawileobs.
Sesasrulebel samu-
Saos.
gamarTuli da gamarTulad metyve- gamarTulad met-naklebad ver saubrobs
swori termino- lebs, yovelTvis metyvelebs da gamarTulad gamarTulad
logiiT metyve- adekvaturad iyenebs xSirad iyenebs saubrobs, iS- da ver iyenebs
leba terminologias. terminologias. viaTad iyenebs terminolo-
terminolo- gias.
gias.
sakuTari azris yovelTvis damaje- TiTqmis yo- xSirad axer- uWirs gamarTu-
dasabuTebulad reblad da argumen- velTvis asabu- xebs sakuTari lad saubari,
warmodgena tirebulad warmoad- Tebs sakuTar azris dasabu- xSirad ver
gens Tavis mosazre- mosazrebas. Tebas. asabuTebs saku-
bas. Tar azrs.
sxvisi azrisadmi usmens sxvebs da sa- usmens sxvebs usmens sxvebs ar usmens sxvebs
pativiscemis kuTar mosazrebas ga- da sakuTar da acdis sau- da ar acdis
gamovlineba moTqvams mosmenilze mosazrebas bris damTavre- saubris damTa-
dayrdnobiT. koreq­ gamoTqvams mos- bas. vrebas.
tulia da amJRavnebs menilze dayrd-
sxvisi azris mimarT nobiT.
pativiscemas.

eqsperimenti
gansazRvravs kvlevis mizans. 2
atarebs/gegmavs eqsperiments. 1
gamoTqvams Sedegis varauds. 1
aRwers kvlevis mimdinareobas, etapebs. 1
aRricxavs da aanalizebs monacemebs. 2
msjelobs eqsperimentis Sedegze, akeTebs daskvnebs. 2
icavs usafrTxoebis normebs. 1

rubrikis nimuSi:

TariRi eqsperimentis Sefaseba

Semajamebeli
moswavle Sefasebis kriteriumebi
qula
kvlevis saWiro varaudi mona- das-
kvlevis mi- mona- qulaTa maqsi-
miznis inventa- kvlevis cemebis kvnis
mdinareo- cemTa maluri raode-
gansazR- ris gansa- Sedegis aRri- gamo-
bis aRwera analizi noba
vra zRvra Sesaxeb cxva tana
0-2 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-1 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6.
7.

170
 prezentacia
kriteriumebi cudad (1) saSualod (2) kargad (3)
saintereso Sesavali
davalebis SemoqmedebiTad da
sainteresod warmodgena
Temis gasagebad warmodgena (lo-
gikuri jaWvi)
gamarTuli saubari
auditoriasTan kontaqti
informaciis flobis unari (ade-
kvaturi kiTxva-pasuxi)
drois limitis dacva
jami

diskusia
Zalian kargi kargi saSualo dabali
(10 qula) (9-8 qula) (7-6 qula) (5-1 qula)
mosmena yovelTvis usmens da xSirad usmens da iSviaTad us- ar usmens da ar
Tvalyurs adevnebs uyurebs ora- mens da uyurebs uyurebs ora-
orators. tors. orators. tors.
saubari mkafiod metyvelebs ZiriTadad me- metyveleba metyveleba
da uyurebs msmene- tyveleba gasage- aramkafioa, gaurkvevelia,
lebs. bia da uyurebs msmenelebs aramkafioa,
msmenelebs. uWirT gageba. msmenelebs
uWirT gageba.
araverbaluri SeuZlia efeqtianad xSirad SeuZ­ iSviaTad ar iyenebs
komunikacia aRiqvas da gamoiyenos lia daamyaros iyenebs ara- araverbaluri
araverbaluri ko- araverbaluri verbaluri komunikaciis
munikaciis formebi kontaqti. komunikaciis formebs.
(TvaliT, JestebiT, formebs.
gamometyvelebiT,
xmiT).
monawileoba avlens interess ZiriTadad mcire interesi interesi ar
diskusiis Temisadmi gamoxatavs inte- aqvs. ar gamoxa- aqvs. ar ga-
saWiro komenta- ress. komenta- tavs an ver uka- moxatavs an
rebiTa da azrebis rebi da azrebi vSirebs Tavis ver ukavSirebs
gamoTqmiT. yovelTvis araa mosazrebebs Tavis mosazre-
Temis Sesaty- sadiskusio bebs sadiskusio
visi. Temas. Temas.
TanamSromloba TanamSromlobs ZiriTadad iSviaTad Tanam- ar TanamSrom-
TanaklaselebTan, TanamSromlobs Sromlobs da lobs da ar
acdis sxvebs azris Tanaklasele- icavs diskusiis icavs diskusiis
gamoTqmas da icavs bTan, zogjer wesebs. wesebs.
diskusiis wesebs. erTveba ­sxvebs
saubarSi,
ZiriTadad
icavs diskusiis
wesebs.
mosazrebis ar- mosazreba origina- mosazrebis mosazreba mok­ mosazreba ar
gumentireba luria da gamyarebu- gasamyareblad lebulia lo- aqvs, ver amya-
lia faqtebiT, cnebe- gamoyenebulia gikur kavSirs rebs logikur
biT. aris logikuri sadavo faqtebi sakiTxTan da ar kavSirs sakiTx-
kavSiri sakiTxTan. da cnebebi. aris gamyare- Tan.
buli faqtebiT.

171
 informaciis moZieba:

TariRi informaciis moZiebis Sefaseba

moswavle Sefasebis kriteriumebi Semajamebeli qula
moZiebuli infor- mopovebuli
informaciis qulaTa maqsimaluri rao-
maciis kvlevis mizan- informaciis
wyaroebis arCeva denoba
Tan Sesabamisoba organizeba
0-3 0-4 0-3 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6.
7.

Semajamebeli davaleba

Semajamebeli davalebis komponentSi savaldebuloa kompleqsuri, konteqstis mqone

davalebebis gamoyeneba (mag., eses dawera, proeqtis momzadeba, laboratoriuli kvle-
vis Catareba, referatis dawera, amocanis amoxsna, saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis
nimuSis Seqmna, moTxrobis Sedgena, monacemTa bazis Seqmna, konkretuli problemis
gadaWra, savele-gasvliTi samuSaos an saswavlo eqskursiis angariSis momzadeba da
sxv.). amgvar davalebaSi Sesrulebuli samuSaos mravalmxrivi SefasebisTvis pedagogma
unda SeimuSaos moswavleTa Sefasebis kriteriumebi.
Semajamebeli davalebis komponenti ukavSirdeba swavla-swavlebis Sedegs. am kom-
ponentSi unda Sefasdes erTi saswavlo monakveTis (Tema, Tavi, paragrafi, sakiTxi)
Seswavla-damuSavebis damTavrebisas miRweuli Sedegebi. konkretuli saswavlo erTeu-
lis dasrulebisas moswavlem unda SeZlos sabunebis­metyvelo sagnebis standartiT
gansazRvruli codnisa da unarebis warmoCena. Sesabamisad, Semajamebeli davalebebi
unda afasebdes sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis miR-
wevis dones.
standartis moTxovnaTa Sesafaseblad rekomendebulia Semajamebel davalebaTa
mravalferovani formebis gamoyeneba. sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis Semajamebel dava-
lebaTa tipebi SeiZleba iyos: testi, sxvadasxva tipis savarjiSo, savele/gasvliTi
samuSao, modelireba, proeqti, prezentacia da sxva.

fasdeba Semdegi unarebi:

1. saazrovno unar-Cvevebi;
2. kvlevis unar-Cvevebi;
3. problemis gadaWris unar-Cvevebi;
4. komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi;
5. socialuri unar-Cvevebi;
6. TviTmarTvis unar-Cvevebi.

moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdes Semajamebeli davalebebi:

� davalebis TiToeul tips unda axldes Sefasebis zogadi rubrika;

� zogadi rubrika unda dazustdes konkretuli davalebis pirobisa da ganvlili
masalis gaTvaliswinebiT;

172
 � 10 qula unda gadanawildes rubrikaSi Semaval kriteriumebze;
� miTiTebuli unda iyos standartis is Sedegebi, romelTa Sefasebasac emsaxureba
Semajamebeli davaleba.

rubrikis nimuSi:

TariRi kvleviTi proeqti

Semajamebeli
moswavle Sefasebis kriteriumebi
qula
sakiTxTan analizi
kvlevis kvle- mona-
dakavSi- da das-
proeqtis gegmis vis cemebis prezen- qulaTa maqsima-
rebuli kvnis
mizani Semu- Cata- aRri- tacia luri raodenoba
infor­maciis gake-
Saveba reba cxva
moZieba Teba
0 –2 0 –1 0–1 0–2 0–1 0– 2 0–1 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6.
7.

173
 specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
moswavleebis akademiuri da socialuri miRwevebis Sefaseba

specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavle SesaZlebelia fasdebodes

danarCeni moswavleebis msgavsad (Tuki is mihyveba skolis saswavlo gegmas da programa
misTvis mxolod adaptirebulia) an misi individualuri saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswineb-
uli akademiuri miRwevebis Sesabamisad. rodesac Sefaseba individualuri saswavlo
gegmis mixedviT xdeba, igi mTlianad moswavlis SesaZleblobebsa da unarebs efuZneba.
Sefaseba yovelTvis unda aRwerdes: Tu risi unari aqvs moswavles da ra aris misi Sem-
ecnebis procesis Zlieri mxare; sferoebs, romlebSic moswavles damatebiTi yuradReba
an ganviTareba esaWiroeba; moswavlis swavlis unaris ganviTarebisTvis aucilebel
damxmare saSualebebs.
amgvari werilobiTi komentari moswavlis individualuri saswavlo gegmis miRwevebsa
da ganxorcielebis sirTuleebs unda aRwerdes. roca saWiroa, werilobiTi komentari
unda miuTiTebdes gzebs, romlebic saSualebas miscems moswavles, ukeT iswavlos da
gansazRvravdes am miRwevebisaTvis saWiro drois monakveTs. gansakuTrebuli saWiroe-
bebis mqone moswavlis SefasebisaTvis 0-dan 10-mde niSnebi gamoiyeneba.
rodesac moswavlis saganmanaTleblo programis garkveuli nawilis warmarTvaze
pasuxismgebelia specialuri pedagogi an fsiqologi da ara klasis pedagogi, man moswav-
lis warmatebebisa da warumateblobis Sesaxeb werilobiTi angariSi klasis pedagogs
unda warudginos.
mniSvnelovania, rom Sefaseba aRwerdes, Tu raSi vlindeba moswavlis specialuri
saganmanaTleblo saWiroeba: moswavlisTvis aucilebelia skolis saswavlo gegmis adap-
tireba (mag., moswavle mihyveba imave saswavlo programas, magram programis calkeuli
nawilebi adaptacias saWiroebs).
moswavle Zlevs skolis saswavlo gegmas, magram zogierTi sagani saWiroebs saswavlo
gegmis da Sedegebis modificirebas (magaliTad, zogierT saganSi mosalodneli saswavlo
Sedegebi regularuli saswavlo programisagan Zireulad gansxvavebulia; magaliTad,
maTematika individualurad iswavleba da misi mizania moswavlis cxovrebiseul unar-
CvevebSi orientacia);
moswavlisTvis aucilebelia skolis saswavlo gegmis da mosalodneli Sedegebis
mTlianad modificireba (magaliTad, gonebrivi ganviTarebis darRvevis mqone moswav-
lisaTvis programis mizania misTvis damoukideblobisa da Tavis movlis unarebis gan-
viTareba).
bevri gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis mqone moswavlis saswavlo Sedegebi TanaklaselTa
msgavsia, magram maTTvis pedagogi adaptirebuli Sefasebis procedurebs iyenebs (mag.,
weriTi, zepiri gamocdis nacvlad). Sefasebis adaptirebuli procedurebis gamoyeneba
moswavlis individualur saswavlo gegmaSi unda iqnas asaxuli. am moswavleebis Sefaseba
xdeba saswavlo kursis/programis saswavlo Sedegebis mixedviT.
zogierTi moswavlis programam SesaZloa mniSvnelovani modifikacia moiTxovos.
aseTi programebis zogierTi an yvela saswavlo Sedegi regularuli saswavlo progra-
misgan sagrZnoblad gansxvavebuli iqneba. am SemTxvevebSi Sefaseba efuZneba am Sede-
gebis miRwevis xarisxs. Sesabamisad, yvela moswavle individualurad SemuSavebuli
standartebis mixedviT Sefasdeba.
mSoblebs SeuZliaT skolis daxmareba swavlis Sedegebis da moswavlis ganviTarebis
progresis SefasebaSi, gansakuTrebiT, socialuri miznebis, cxovrebiseuli unar-
Cvevebisa da ganviTarebis mxriv.

174
maswavleblis TviTSefaseba

yvela pedagogisTvis kargad aris cnobili, rom warmatebis misaRwevad mxolod spe-
cialuri codna ar aris sakmarisi. cnobilia isic, rom yoveli gakveTilis msvlelo-
bis Tu moswavlesTan urTierTobis nebismier, umniSvnelo epizodSic ki maswavlebels
moeTxoveba didi ostatoba. magram swavlisa da aRzrdis mravalwaxnagovan da urTules
procesSi maswavleblis qmedebis, ganwyobis, moswavlis mimarT damokidebulebis, indi-
vidualuri midgomisa da urTierTkavSiris damyarebis formaluri wesiT gaanalizeba
naklebad efeqtiani da arcTu kargi Sedegis momtania. albaT TviT maswavlebelze ukeT
veravin ver SeZlebs susti da Zlieri mxareebis, xarvezebis an – piriqiT warmatebulobis
gaanalizebas. viciT, rom sakuTari xedviT da Sefasebis gansxvavebuli kriteriumiT
bevr specialists ucdia amgvari gaanalizeba. mravali praqtikosi pedagogic araerTxel
dafiqrebula amis Taobaze. rodesac erT-erT sakmao gamocdilebis mqone maswavleb-
els mivmarTeT pedagogis saqmianobis analizisa da Sefasebis SesaZlo kriteriumebis
Taobaze ganmartebisTvis, man ase gvipasuxa:
`pedagogis Sromisa da warmatebulobis Sefasebis yvelaze obieqtur kriteriumad
albaT realuri Sedegi unda miviCnioT da is ara mxolod dRevandeli gakveTilis SedegSi
unda davinaxoT. mravali wlis Semdeg es Sedegi ufro TvalnaTliv gamoCndeba da an
siamayes da bednierebas moggvris, an guls gatkens.~
mG aswavlebels SeuZlia Tavad Seadginos TviTSefasebis kiTxvari, romelsac warmate-
biT gamoiyenebs TviTanalizisa da profesiuli zrdisaTvis.

175
 8. Semajamebeli testebi

Semajamebeli testi N1
bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

1. gadaiyvane sxva erTeulebSi:

80 mm = sm;
4t= kg;
1 saaTi da 10 wT = wT;
1000 g = kg
3 km = m
60 wT = sT

2. daadgine suraTze gamosaxuli menzurebis danayofis fasi da siTxis moculoba

TiToeul maTganSi.

N1 N2

3. daadgine, romeli xelsawyoa gamosaxuli suraTze, am xelsawyos danayofis fasi da

gansazRvre TiToeuli maTganis maCvenebeli.
N1 N2

176
4. a) gansazRvre da Cawere cxrilSi suraTze naCvenebi xelsawyoebis skalis danayo-
fis fasi.
b) Cawere cxrilis Sesabamis grafaSi skalis zeda da qveda zRvari da sazomi fizi-
kuri sidide.

№ xelsawyo danayofis fizikuri zeda qveda

fasi sidide zRvari zRvari
1
2
3
4

5. daadgine bunebis Seswavlis meTodebidan romeli swavlobs CamoTvlil bunebriv

movlenebs:
a) frinvelebis gadafrena;
b) mcenaris zrdis siCqare;
g) morwyvis sixSiris gavlena mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebaze;
d) romel adgilebs irCeven mercxlebi budeebis asaSeneblad;
e) daTvis zamTris Zilis xangrZlivoba;
v) ras udris marianis Rrmulis siRrme da everestis simaRle;
z) rogor moZraoben planetebi mzis garSemo;
T) haeris temperatura;
i) ra mosdis saxamebels masze iodis dawveTebis Sedegad;
k) rogori agebuleba aqvs vulkans.

177
 Semajamebeli testi NN2
nivTierebis Tvisebebi. nivTiereba da narevi

1. moxaze swori pasuxi: 

yinulis dnobisas wyali gadadis:
a) Txevadi agregatuli mdgomareobidan myar mdgomareobaSi;
b) myari mdgomareobidan Txevad mdgomareobaSi;
g) airadi mdgomareobidan myar mdgomareobaSi;
d) myari mdgomareobidan airad mdgomareobaSi.

2.  moxaze swori pasuxi:

airad agregatul mdgomareobaSia:
a) rkina; b) gogirdi; g) spilenZi; d) Jangbadi.

3. CamoTvlilTagan amoicaniT da cxrilSi daajgufeT fizikuri da qimiuri movle-

nebi:
1. nayinis dnoba;
2. vercxlis kovzi haerze gaSavda;
3. CaiSi Saqris Cayra;
4. sasmeli Semdegi receptiT daamzades: Tbil wyalSi Cayares soda, limonmJava da
Saqari;
5. mTis amgebi qanebi mzis, sxivebis moqmedebis Sedegad daskda da CamoiSala;
6. lampaSi navTi Caasxes da aanTes;
7. haeris moZraoba;
8. rZis damJavebiT kefirs amzadeben;
9. asanTis anTeba;
10. rkina metalurgiul RumelSi daadnes;
11. bavSvebma qviSisgan koSki aaSenes;
12. zRvebisa da okeaneebis zedapiridan wyali aorTqldeba;
13. TuTiis naWeri marilmJavaSi Caagdes da airis gamoyofa daiwyo.

fizikuri qimiuri
movlenebi movlenebi

4. moxaze qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi:

1. sunis warmoqmna;
2. gaTboba;
3. airis gamoyofa;
4. feris cvlileba;
5. dasxiveba;
6. eleqtruli denis warmoqmna.

178
5. narevebs ar miekuTvneba:
a) Saqriani wyali; g) spilenZi;
b) carcis fxvnilnarevi wyali; d) qviSanarevi wyali.

6. gafiltvriT narevidan SeiZleba gamovyoT:
a) qviSa; b) Saqari; g) marili; d) melani.

7. daleqvis gziT narevidan SeiZleba gamovyoT:

a) Saqari Saqriani wylidan; g) qviSa qviSiani wylidan;
b) marili mariliani wylidan; d) Tixa Tixiani wylidan.

8. moiyvane SesabamisobaSi:
a) qimiuri movlena; d) erTgvarovani narevi;
b) fizikuri movlena; e) araerTgvarovani narevi.
g) narevi;

narevi, romlis Semadgeneli nawilakebis

1
TvaliT an optikuri xelsawyoebiT
aRmoCena an gansxvaveba SeuZlebelia, radgan
nivTierebebi metad daqucmacebul mdgomare-
obaSi arian.

movlena, romlis drosac nivTiereba sxva 2

nivTierebad gardaiqmneba.

ramdenime nivTierebis erToblioba. 3

narevi, romlis Semadgeneli nawilakebis 4

SemCneva SesaZlebelia TvaliT Tu ara, op-
tikuri xelsawyoTi mainc.

movlena, romlis drosac icvleba sxeulis 5

forma, zoma, nivTierebis agregatuli mdgo-
mareoba, magram nivTiereba ucvleli rCeba.

1 2 3 4 5

179
 Semajamebeli testi NN3
adamianis organizmi. janmrTEeloba

I. Semoxaze swori pasuxi:

1. monelebuli saWmeli sabolood sisxlSi gadainacvlebs:

a) piris Rrudan; g) wvrili nawlavidan;
b) kuWidan; d) swori nawlavidan.

2. fizikuri varjiSis dros sunTqvis sixSire:

a) moimatebs; g) ar Seicvleba;
b) moiklebs; d) xan imatebs, xanac iklebs;

3. suraTze traqea aRniSnulia cifriT:

a) 1; b) 2 ; g) 3; d) 4.
cxviri

xaxa
piris Rru
traqea

bronqebi filtvis
buStukebi
filtvi

guli

4. grZnobis organo ar aris:

a) xeli; b) guli; g) yuri; d) Tvali.

5. sisxldena ar aris:
a) filtvuri g) venuri;
b) kapilaruli; d) arteriuli.

6. xelovnuri radiaciis wyaroa:

a) madneuli; g) atomuri sadguri;
b) kosmosi; d) mze.

7. mikrobebidan infeqciur daavadebebs iwvevs:

A – wyalmcenareebi
B – virusebi
C – sokoebi
D – baqteriebi

a) A da B ; b) A da C ; g) A, B da C; d) B da D.

8. pasiuri mweveli aris adamiani, romelic:

a) mcire xania, rac eweva;
b) sigaretis mowevas Tavs anebebs;
g) xandaxan da cotas eweva;
d) ar eweva, magram mwevelebs Soris moxvda.

180
II – upasuxe kiTxvebs:

1. rogor fiqrob, ratom aris maRaziebSi macivrebi gamWvirvale?

2. adamianis romel sistemas aqvs sayrden-mamoZravebeli funqcia? axseni, ratom

hqvia maT ase da ratom moixsenieben maT erTad?

3. ratom ar aris venebi iseTive sqelkedliani, rogoric arteriebi?

4. ratom ar SeuZliaT filtvebs Tavad CasunTqva da amosunTqva? ra exmareba maT

sunTqviTi moZraobebis ganxorcielebaSi?

5. ratom unda moerido, gansakuTrebiT zafxulSi, sakvebis yidvas quCaSi mowyobil

daxlebze?

III. daasrule winadadebebi:

1. sunTqva sasicocxlo procesia, romlis drosac adamiani iseve, rogorc mcenare

garemodan STanTqavs da gamoyofs .
2. adamianis sunTqvis organoa wyvili .
3. filtvebidan Jangbadi sxeulis yvela organos meSveobiT miewo-
deba.
4. adamianis asrulebs sxeulis sayrdenis funqcias. is icavs guls,
filtvebsa da sxva organoebs dazianebisgan.
5. ConCxisa da erToblivi muSaobis Sedegad Cven sxvadasxva moZ-
raobas vasrulebT.
6. mwevelis filtvebi muqi ferisaa, radgan sigaretis kvamli Seicavs nivTiereba
, romlis filtvebidan gamoyvanas, Tambaqoze uaris Tqmis Sem-
TxvevaSi, wlebi sWirdeba.
7. adamianis sxeuli energiiT maragdeba sakvebidan. am procesze pasuxismgebelia Cve-
ni .
8. mcenareuli sakvebidan jansaRi kvebis dieta unda Seicavdes: ,
, .

181
 IV. gaaanalize informacia:
SearCie mcdari da WeSmariti debulebebi da moniSne Sesabamis grafaSi √-niSniT:

debuleba WeSmaritia mcdaria

tkbili gaziani sasmelebi da namcxvrebi sasargebloa SenT-
vis. miiRe rac SeiZleba meti.
venebi aris sisxlZarRvebi, romlebiTac sisxli gulidan
organoebis mimarTulebiT miedineba.
narkotikebi uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamianis nebismieri
organos funqcionirebaze, magram gansakuTrebiT azianebs
Tavis tvins.
yoveldRiurad xilis da bostneulis miReba mniSvnelovania
Seni momnelebeli sistemis kargad funqcionirebisTvis.
sunTqvis dros sisxli naxSirorJangiT mdidrdeba.
saWmlis moneleba mravaletapiani procesia, romelic gu-
lisxmobs saWmlis daqucmacebas, daSlas da sisxlSi Sewovas.
radiaciuli dabinZurebis adgilebSi, cota xniT, specia-
luri tansacmlis gareSe Sesvla SeiZleba.

V. imuSave ilustraciebze da sqemebze:

1. Semoxaze suraTi, romelzec gulis swori mdebareobaa naCvenebi:

2. gadaxaze suraTebi, romlebzec gripiT daavadebuli biWuna arasworad iqceva:

182
3. gaukeTe suraTebs mokle warwerebi da danomre swori TanmimdevrobiT:

4. Seavse mikroorganizmebis jgufebis gamomsaxveli sqema:

mikroorganizmebi

183
 VI. xazebiT daakavSire swor pasuxTan da naxatebTan:

1. erTmaneTTan xazebiT daakavSire sakvebi produq­tebi da maTi mniSvne­loba Seni or-

ganizmisTvis:

ASeicavs cximebs,
rac didi xniT gvavsebs energiiT.

mdidaria vitaminebiT, rac gvexmareba

janmrTelobis SenarCunebaSi.

iseTi nivTierebiT gvamaragebs,

romelic gvexmareba zrdaSi.

gvaZlevs energias azrovnebisTvis,

moZraobisa da varjiSisaTvis.

2. daukavSire xazebiT erTmaneTs suraTze gamosaxuli organo, misi dasaxeleba da

mis mier Sesrulebuli funqcia:

sasargeblo nivTierebebs Txevadi

guli sakvebidan sisxlSi Seiwovs.

momnelebel wvens gamoyofs, sakvebs

ConCxi daSlis da Txier masad aqcevs.

filtvi sakvebi daReWvis Sem- adamianis sunTqvis organoa.

deg nerwyvs Seereva
da rbildeba.
piri maTSi miedineba sisxli,
romelic mTel sxeuls
tumbo, romelic
kuWi JangbadiTa da sakvebi
organizmis yovel
nivTierebebiT amaragebs.
nawils sisxliT ama-
nawlavi ragebs.

adamianis sayrdenia, romelic sxe-

sisxlZarRvi uls formasac aniWebs.

184
 3. xazebiT daakavSire produqti misi Senaxvis wesTan:

gayinva
damarileba
gamoSroba
grilad Senaxva
dakonserveba

4. Seavse krosvordi

1. produqtis ramdenime TviT an wliT Senaxvis

s forma.
1
2. gafuWebuli sakvebis miRebis Sedegi.
a
2 3. misi moxvedris Semdeg sakvebi xdeba uvargisi.
k 4. cxoveluri produqti, romelic dakonservebiT,
3
v gayinviT, damarilebiT da gamoSrobiTac inaxeba.
4
e 5. misgan viRebT yvels, mawons, araJans.
5
6. am gziT mzaddeba qiSmiSi, CamiCi.
6 b 7. miiReben zogierTi xilis mzeze an RumelSi
7 i gamoSrobis gziT.

185
 Semajamebeli testi NN4
energia

I. Casvi gamotovebuli sityvebi:

muSaobis Sesrulebis unaria. energiis sazom erTeuls
hqvia. resursebs, romlebic energiis misaRebad gamoiyeneba,
uwodeben. resursebia, romlebic gamoyenebis
Semdeg aRar aRdgeba. mze, qari da wyali energiis bunebrivi
wyaroebia.

II. miuwere suraTebs energiis romeli formaa masze gamosaxuli:

III. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebi da suraTebi Seusabame erTmaneTs:

a) geoTermuli energia;
b) qaris energia;
g) hidroenergia;
d) mzis energia.
1. 2. 3. 4.

IV. amoxseni amocanebi:

1. 1 mg wylis 1 gradusiT gasaTbobad 4,2 jouli energia ixarjeba. Sesabamisad 10 mg
wylis 1 gradu­siT gasaTbobad 42 jouli energia daixarjeba. (4,2x10=42) ramdeni
jouli energia daixarjeba 15 mg wylis 1 gradusiT gasaTbobad.

2. 1 mg wylis 1 gradusiT gasaTbobad 4,2 jouli energia ixarjeba. Sesabamisad 1 mg

wylis 5 gradu­siT gasaTbobad 21 jouli energia daixarjeba (4,2x5=21 jouli). ram-
deni jouli energia daixarjeba 1 mg wylis 20 gradusiT gasaTbobad.

3. 1 mg wylis 1 gradusiT gasaTbobad 4,2 jouli energia ixarjeba. Sesabamisad 10 mg

wylis 5 gradu­siT gasaTbobad 210 jouli energia daixarjeba (4,2x10x 5=210 jouli).
ramdeni jouli energia daixarjeba 20 mg wylis 10 gradusiT gasaTbobad.

186
 SeEmajamebeli testi N5
xmeleTis reliefi

I. Casvi gamotovebuli sityvebi:

bunebrivi garemo moicavs dedamiwaze bunebrivad arsebul da
bunebas. dedamiwis zedapiris uswormasworobaTa erTobliobas
hqvia. dedamiwis zedapiris amozneqili formaa. xolo xmeleTis
nawils, romelsac SedarebiT swori an talRovani zedapiri aqvs uwodeben.
mzis, qaris, wylis, myinvaris da cocxali organizmebis moqmedebiT qanebis daSlas
hqvia.

II. TiToeul suraTs miuwere ra aris masze gamosaxuli da aRwere rogor warmoiqm-
neba:

III. moxaze swori pasuxi:

1. gamofitva aris:
a) dedamiwis zedapiridan qaris zemoqmedebiT tenis aorTqlebis procesi;
b) dedamiwis Sinagani Zalis negatiuri Sedegebi;
g) qaris mier Rrublebis gafantva;
d) fizikuri, qimiuri da biologiuri faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT qanebis ngrevisa
da daSlis procesi.

2. barxani aris:
a) qanebSi gaCenili naprali;
b) liTosferos filebis moZraobis Sedegad dedamiwis qerqSi gaCenili naprali;
g) didi zomis qviSiani borcvebi;
d) kldeebSi warmoqmnili wawvetebuli formebi da sicarieleebi.

3. risi saSualebiT daadgen mTis simaRles rukaze:

a) ekvatoris;
b) simaRleebisa da siRrmeebis skaliT;
g) masStabiT;
d) yvela pasuxi marTebulia.

4. ra feriTaa aRniSnuli rukaze dablobi:

a) cisfrad; g) mwvaned;
b) yviTlad; d) yavisfrad.

5. xramebis warmoqmnis mizezia:
a) vulkanebis amofrqveva; g) qaris moqmedeba;
b) denadi wylis moqmedeba; d) mzis sxivebis moqmedeba.

6. reliefis romeli formaa qaris mier warmoqmnili:
a) diuni; g) maRlobi;
b) xeoba; d) trogi.

187
 7. dedamiwis umaRlesi mwvervalia:
a) ialbuzi; g) monblani;
b) akonkagua; d) everesti.

8. reliefis romeli forma warmoiqmneba wylis moqmedebiT:

a) xrami; g) diuni;
b) dablobi; d) barxani.

9. rukaze romeli asoTia aRniSnuli andebis mTebi: A

b
a

10. rukaze romeli asoTia aRniSnuli himalais mTebi:

a
d

188
9. Semajamebeli testebis pasuxebi

Semajamebeli testi N1
bunebis Seswavlis meTodebi

1. gadaiyvane sxva erTeulebSi:

80 mm = 8 sm;
4 t = 4000 kg;
1 saaTi da 10 wT = 70 wT;
1000 g = 1 kg
3 km = 3000 m
60 wT = 1 sT

2. daadgine suraTze gamosaxuli menzurebis danayofis fasi da siTxis moculoba

TiToeul maTganSi.

N1 N2 N1 menzuris aris danayofis fasi 1 ml,

xolo siTxis moculoba 28 ml;

N2 menzuris aris danayofis fasi 2 ml,

xolo siTxis moculoba 52 ml;

3. daadgine, romeli xelsawyoa gamosaxuli suraTze, am xelsawyos danayofis fasi da

gansazRvre TiToeuli maTganis maCvenebeli.
N1 N2

suraTze gamosaxulia Termometrebi, N1 Termometris danayofis fasia 10 gradusi, xolo

maCvenebeli 30 gradusi. N 2 Termometris danayofis fasia 2 gradusi, xolo maCvenebeli
26 gradusi.

189
 4. a) gansazRvre da Cawere cxrilSi suraTze naCvenebi xelsawyoebis skalis danayo-
fis fasi.
b) Cawere cxrilis Sesabamis grafaSi skalis zeda da qveda zRvari da sazomi fizi-
kuri sidide.

№ xelsawyo danayofis fizikuri zeda qveda

fasi sidide zRvari zRvari
1 saxazavi 1 sm 50 0
2 menzura 1 ml 70 0
3 Termometri 1 gradusi +50 -30
4 wamzomi 1 wm 60 0

5. daadgine bunebis Seswavlis meTodebidan romeli swavlobs CamoTvlil bunebriv

movlenebs:
a) frinvelebis gadafrena; – dakvirveba
b) mcenaris zrdis siCqare; – dakvirveba
g) morwyvis sixSiris gavlena mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebaze; – cda/eqsperimenti
d) romel adgilebs irCeven mercxlebi budeebis asaSeneblad; – dakvirveba
e) daTvis zamTris Zilis xangrZlivoba; – dakvirveba
v) ras udris marianis Rrmulis siRrme da everestis simaRle; – gazomva
z) rogor moZraoben planetebi mzis garSemo; – modeli
T) haeris temperatura; – gazomva
i) ra mosdis saxamebels masze iodis dawveTebis Sedegad; – cda/eqsperimenti
k) rogori agebuleba aqvs vulkans. – modeli

190
 Semajamebeli testi NN2
nivTierebis Tvisebebi. nivTiereba da narevi

1. moxaze swori pasuxi: 

yinulis dnobisas wyali gadadis:
a) Txevadi agregatuli mdgomareobidan myar mdgomareobaSi;
b) myari mdgomareobidan Txevad mdgomareobaSi;
g) airadi mdgomareobidan myar mdgomareobaSi;
d) myari mdgomareobidan airad mdgomareobaSi.

2.  moxaze swori pasuxi:

airad agregatul mdgomareobaSia:
a) rkina; b) gogirdi; g) spilenZi; d) Jangbadi.

3. CamoTvlilTagan amoicaniT da cxrilSi daajgufeT fizikuri da qimiuri movle-

nebi:
1. nayinis dnoba;
2. vercxlis kovzi haerze gaSavda;
3. CaiSi Saqris Cayra;
4. sasmeli Semdegi receptiT daamzades: Tbil wyalSi Cayares soda, limonmJava da
Saqari;
5. mTis amgebi qanebi mzis, sxivebis moqmedebis Sedegad daskda da CamoiSala;
6. lampaSi navTi Caasxes da aanTes;
7. haeris moZraoba;
8. rZis damJavebiT kefirs amzadeben;
9. asanTis anTeba;
10. rkina metalurgiul RumelSi daadnes;
11. bavSvebma qviSisgan koSki aaSenes;
12. zRvebisa da okeaneebis zedapiridan wyali aorTqldeba;
13. TuTiis naWeri marilmJavaSi Caagdes da airis gamoyofa daiwyo.

fizikuri qimiuri
movlenebi movlenebi
1 2
5 3
7 4
10 6
11 8
12 9
13

4. moxaze qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi:

1. sunis warmoqmna;
2. gaTboba;
3. airis gamoyofa;
4. feris cvlileba;
5. dasxiveba;
6. naleqis gamoyofa.

191
 5. narevebs ar miekuTvneba:
a) Saqriani wyali; g) spilenZi;
b) carcis fxvnilnarevi wyali; d) qviSanarevi wyali.

6. gafiltvriT narevidan SeiZleba gamovyoT:
a) qviSa; b) Saqari; g) marili; d) melani.

7. daleqvis gziT narevidan SeiZleba gamovyoT:

a) Saqari Saqriani wylidan; g) qviSa qviSiani wylidan;
b) marili mariliani wylidan; d) Tixa Tixiani wylidan.

8. moiyvane SesabamisobaSi:
a) qimiuri movlena; d) erTgvarovani narevi;
b) fizikuri movlena; e) araerTgvarovani narevi.
g) narevi;

narevi, romlis Semadgeneli nawilakebis

1
TvaliT an optikuri xelsawyoebiT
aRmoCena an gansxvaveba SeuZlebelia, radgan
nivTierebebi metad daqucmacebul mdgomare-
obaSi arian.

movlena, romlis drosac nivTiereba sxva 2

nivTierebad gardaiqmneba.

ramdenime nivTierebis erToblioba. 3

narevi, romlis Semadgeneli nawilakebis 4

SemCneva SesaZlebelia TvaliT Tu ara, op-
tikuri xelsawyoTi mainc.

movlena, romlis drosac icvleba sxeulis 5

forma, zoma, nivTierebis agregatuli mdgo-
mareoba, magram nivTiereba ucvleli rCeba.

1 2 3 4 5

a +
b +
g +
d +
e +

192
 Semajamebeli testi NN3
adamianis organizmi. janmrTEeloba

I. Semoxaze swori pasuxi:

1. monelebuli saWmeli sabolood sisxlSi gadainacvlebs:

a) piris Rrudan; g) wvrili nawlavidan;
b) kuWidan; d) swori nawlavidan.

2. fizikuri varjiSis dros sunTqvis sixSire:

a) moimatebs; g) ar Seicvleba;
b) moiklebs; d) xan imatebs, xanac iklebs;

3. suraTze traqea aRniSnulia cifriT:

a) 1; b) 2 ; g) 3; d) 4.
cxviri

xaxa
piris Rru
traqea

bronqebi filtvis
buStukebi
filtvi

guli

4. grZnobis organo ar aris:

a) xeli; b) guli; g) yuri; d) Tvali.

5. sisxldena ar aris:
a) filtvuri; g) venuri;
b) kapilaruli; d) arteriuli.

6. xelovnuri radiaciis wyaroa:

a) madneuli; g) atomuri sadguri;
b) kosmosi; d) mze.

7. mikrobebidan infeqciur daavadebebs iwvevs:

A – wyalmcenareebi
B – virusebi
C – sokoebi
D – baqteriebi

a) A da B ; b) A da C ; g) A, B da C; d) B da D.

8. pasiuri mweveli aris adamiani, romelic:

a) mcire xania, rac eweva;
b) sigaretis mowevas Tavs anebebs;
g) xandaxan da cotas eweva;
d) ar eweva, magram mwevelebs Soris moxvda.

193
 II – upasuxe kiTxvebs:

1. rogor fiqrob, ratom aris maRaziebSi macivrebi gamWvirvale?

gamWvirvale macivari iZleva saSualebas, SevarCioT CvenTvis sasurveli sakve-

bi produqti. garda amisa SegviZlia TvaliTac SevafasoT da ganvsazRvroT
produqtebis vargisianoba.

2. adamianis romel sistemas aqvs sayrden-mamoZravebeli funqcia? axseni, ratom
hqvia maT ase da ratom moixsenieben maT erTad?
sayrdeni funqcia aqvs ConCxs, xolo mamoZravebeli – kunTebs. maTi funqcionireba
erTmaneTis gareSe SeuZlebelia, amitom maT erTad moixsenieben. calke ConCxi ver
imoZravebda da kunTic ver imuSavebda, Zvlebze rom ar iyos mimagrebuli.

3. ratom ar aris venebi iseTive sqelkedliani, rogoric arteriebi?

venebSi sisxli SedarebiT nela miedineba da maT ar sWirdeba iseTive sqeli kedle-
bi, rogorc arteriebs, romlebSic guli didi ZaliT gamoisvris sisxls da sqeli
kedlebis wyalobiT isini ar skdebian.

4. ratom ar SeuZliaT filtvebs Tavad CasunTqva da amosunTqva? ra exmareba maT

sunTqviTi moZraobebis ganxorcielebaSi?
moZraoba SesaZlebelia mxolod kunTebis daxmarebiT, xolo filtvebs ar aqvT kun-
Tebi. filtvebs CasunTqva-amosunTqvaSi exmareba neknebs Soris arsebuli kunTebi
da diafragmis kunTi. isini morigeobiT ikumSebian da filtvebs haeriT SevsebaSi
da misgan daclaSi exmarebian.

5. ratom unda moerido, gansakuTrebiT zafxulSi, sakvebis yidvas quCaSi mowyobil

daxlebze?
quCaSi, mzis zemoqmedebis gamo, SeuZlebelia sakvebi produqtebis SenaxvisTvis
saWiro pirobebis dacva. sakvebi produqtebi dakargavs xarisxs da gamousadegari
da safrTxis Semcvelic ki gaxdeba moxmarebisTvis.

III. daasrule winadadebebi:

1. sunTqva sasicocxlo procesia, romlis drosac adamiani iseve, rogorc mcenare

garemodan STanTqavs Jangbads da gamoyofs naxSirorJangs.
2. adamianis sunTqvis organoa wyvili filtvi.
3. filtvebidan Jangbadi sxeulis yvela organos sisxlis meSveobiT miewodeba.
4. adamianis ConCxi asrulebs sxeulis sayrdenis funqcias. is icavs guls, filtvebsa
da sxva organoebs dazianebisgan.
5. ConCxisa da kunTebis erToblivi muSaobis Sedegad Cven sxvadasxva moZraobas vas-
rulebT.
6. mwevelis filtvebi muqi ferisaa, radgan sigaretis kvamli Seicavs nivTiereba
kuprs, romlis filtvebidan gamoyvanas, Tambaqoze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, wlebi
sWirdeba.

194
7. adamianis sxeuli energiiT maragdeba sakvebidan. am procesze pasuxismgebelia Cve-
ni momnelebeli sistema.
8. mcenareuli sakvebidan jansaRi kvebis dieta unda Seicavdes: marcvleuls, xils,
bostneuls.

IV. gaaanalize informacia:

SearCie mcdari da WeSmariti debulebebi da moniSne Sesabamis grafaSi √-niSniT:

debuleba WeSmaritia mcdaria

tkbili gaziani sasmelebi da namcxvrebi sasargebloa SenT- √
vis. miiRe rac SeiZleba meti.
venebi aris sisxlZarRvebi, romlebiTac sisxli gulidan √
organoebis mimarTulebiT miedineba.
narkotikebi uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamianis nebismieri √
organos funqcionirebaze, magram gansakuTrebiT azianebs
Tavis tvins.
yoveldRiurad xilis da bostneulis miReba mniSvnelovania √
Seni momnelebeli sistemis kargad funqcionirebisTvis.
sunTqvis dros sisxli naxSirorJangiT mdidrdeba. √
saWmlis moneleba mravaletapiani procesia, romelic gu- √
lisxmobs saWmlis daqucmacebas, daSlas da sisxlSi Sewovas.
radiaciuli dabinZurebis adgilebSi, cota xniT, specia- √
luri tansacmlis gareSe Sesvla SeiZleba.

V. imuSave ilustraciebze da sqemebze:

1. Semoxaze suraTi, romelzec gulis swori mdebareobaa naCvenebi:

2. gadaxaze suraTebi, romlebzec gripiT daavadebuli biWuna arasworad iqceva:

195
 3. gaukeTe suraTebs mokle warwerebi da danomre swori TanmimdevrobiT:

frTxilad visufTavebT dazianebul adgilze

kans miwis, qviSisa da WuWy- safens vafarebT. is Wri-
isagan. Wrilobis irgvliv lobas mtvrisa da mikro-
iods an spirts wavisvamT. bebisgan daicavs.

Wrilobas jer gamdinare,

Semdeg ki sapniani wyliT
movibanT.

4. Seavse mikroorganizmebis jgufebis gamomsaxveli sqema:

mikroorganizmebi

baqteriebi sokoebi virusebi wyalmcenareebi

196
 VI. xazebiT daakavSire swor pasuxTan da naxatebTan:

1. erTmaneTTan xazebiT daakavSire sakvebi produq­tebi da maTi mniSvne­loba Seni or-

ganizmisTvis:

ASeicavs cximebs,
rac didi xniT gvavsebs energiiT.

mdidaria vitaminebiT, rac gvexmareba

janmrTelobis SenarCunebaSi.

iseTi nivTierebiT gvamaragebs,

romelic gvexmareba zrdaSi.

gvaZlevs energias azrovnebisTvis,

moZraobisa da varjiSisaTvis.

2. daukavSire xazebiT erTmaneTs suraTze gamosaxuli organo, misi dasaxeleba da

mis mier Sesrulebuli funqcia:

sasargeblo nivTierebebs Txevadi

guli sakvebidan sisxlSi Seiwovs.

momnelebel wvens gamoyofs, sakvebs

ConCxi daSlis da Txier masad aqcevs.

filtvi sakvebi daReWvis Sem- adamianis sunTqvis organoa.

deg nerwyvs Seereva
da rbildeba.
piri maTSi miedineba sisxli,
romelic mTel sxeuls
tumbo, romelic
kuWi JangbadiTa da sakvebi
organizmis yovel
nivTierebebiT amaragebs.
nawils sisxliT ama-
nawlavi ragebs.

adamianis sayrdenia, romelic sxe-

sisxlZarRvi uls formasac aniWebs.

197
 3. xazebiT daakavSire produqti misi Senaxvis wesTan:

gayinva
damarileba
gamoSroba
grilad Senaxva
dakonserveba

4. Seavse krosvordi

1. produqtis ramdenime TviT an wliT Senaxvis

s forma. (konservi)
1
2. gafuWebuli sakvebis miRebis Sedegi. (mowamvla)
a
2 3. misi moxvedris Semdeg sakvebi xdeba uvargisi.
k (mikrobi)
3
v 4. cxoveluri produqti, romelic dakonservebiT,
4
e gayinviT, damarilebiT da gamoSrobiTac inaxeba.
5
(Tevzi)
6 b 5. misgan viRebT yvels, mawons, araJans. (rZe)
7 i 6. am gziT mzaddeba qiSmiSi, CamiCi. (gamoSroba)
7. miiReben zogierTi xilis mzeze an RumelSi
gamoSrobis gziT. (Ciri)

198
 Semajamebeli testi NN4
energia

I. Casvi gamotovebuli sityvebi:

energia muSaobis Sesrulebis unaria. energiis sazom erTeuls jouli hqvia.
resursebs, romlebic energiis misaRebad gamoiyeneba, energo­resur­sebs uwodeben.
araganaxlebadi resursebia, romlebic gamoyenebis Semdeg aRar aRdgeba. mze, qari
da wyali energiis ganaxlebadi bunebrivi wyaroebia.

II. miuwere suraTebs energiis romeli formaa masze gamosaxuli:

sinaTlis da siTburi siTburi

III. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebi da suraTebi Seusabame erTmaneTs:

a) geoTermuli energia – 4.
b) qaris energia – 2.
g) hidroenergia – 3.
d) mzis energia – 1.
1. 2. 3. 4.

IV. amoxseni amocanebi:

1. 1 mg wylis 1 gradusiT gasaTbobad 4,2 jouli energia ixarjeba. Sesabamisad 10 mg
wylis 1 gradu­siT gasaTbobad 42 jouli energia daixarjeba. (4,2x10 = 42) ramdeni
jouli energia daixarjeba 15 mg wylis 1 gradusiT gasaTbobad.
pasuxi: 4,2x15= 63 jouli.

2. 1 mg wylis 1 gradusiT gasaTbobad 4,2 jouli energia ixarjeba. Sesabamisad 1 mg

wylis 5 gradu­siT gasaTbobad 21 jouli energia daixarjeba (4,2x5=21 jouli). ram-
deni jouli energia daixarjeba 1 mg wylis 20 gradusiT gasaTbobad.
pasuxi: 4,2x20=84 jouli.

3. 1 mg wylis 1 gradusiT gasaTbobad 4,2 jouli energia ixarjeba. Sesabamisad 10 mg

wylis 5 gradu­siT gasaTbobad 210 jouli energia daixarjeba (4,2x10x 5=210 jouli).
ramdeni jouli energia daixarjeba 20 mg wylis 10 gradusiT gasaTbobad.
pasuxi: 4,2 x 20 x 10 = 840 jouli.

199
 SeEmajamebeli testi NN5
xmeleTis reliefi

I. Casvi gamotovebuli sityvebi:

bunebrivi garemo moicavs dedamiwaze bunebrivad arsebul cocxal da aracocxal
bunebas. dedamiwis zedapiris uswormasworobaTa erTobliobas reliefi hqvia. mTa
dedamiwis zedapiris amozneqili formaa. xolo xmeleTis nawils, romelsac Sedar-
ebiT swori an talRovani zedapiri aqvs vakes uwodeben. mzis, qaris, wylis, myinva-
ris da cocxali organizmebis moqmedebiT qanebis daSlas gamofitva hqvia.

II. TiToeul suraTs miuwere ra aris masze gamosaxuli da aRwere rogor warmoiqm-
neba:

xevi mewyeri diuni

III. moxaze swori pasuxi:

1. gamofitva aris:
a) dedamiwis zedapiridan qaris zemoqmedebiT tenis aorTqlebis procesi;
b) dedamiwis Sinagani Zalis negatiuri Sedegebi;
g) qaris mier Rrublebis gafantva;
d) fizikuri, qimiuri da biologiuri faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT qanebis ngrevisa
da daSlis procesi.

2. barxani aris:
a) qanebSi gaCenili naprali;
b) liTosferos filebis moZraobis Sedegad dedamiwis qerqSi gaCenili naprali;
g) didi zomis qviSiani borcvebi;
d) kldeebSi warmoqmnili wawvetebuli formebi da sicarieleebi.

3. risi saSualebiT daadgen mTis simaRles rukaze:

a) ekvatoris;
b) simaRleebisa da siRrmeebis skaliT;
g) masStabiT;
d) yvela pasuxi marTebulia.

4. ra feriTaa aRniSnuli rukaze dablobi:

a) cisfrad; g) mwvaned;
b) yviTlad; d) yavisfrad.

5. xramebis warmoqmnis mizezia:
a) vulkanebis amofrqveva; g) qaris moqmedeba;
b) denadi wylis moqmedeba; d) mzis sxivebis moqmedeba.

6. reliefis romeli formaa qaris mier warmoqmnili:
a) diuni; g) maRlobi;
b) xeoba; d) trogi.

200
7. dedamiwis umaRlesi mwvervalia:
a) ialbuzi; g) monblani;
b) akonkagua; d) everesti.

8. reliefis romeli forma warmoiqmneba wylis moqmedebiT:

a) xrami; g) diuni;
b) dablobi; d) barxani.

9. rukaze romeli asoTia aRniSnuli andebis mTebi: A

b
a

10. rukaze romeli asoTia aRniSnuli himalais mTebi:

a
d

201
10. damatebiTi masala maswavleblisaTvis

1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma (zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebisTvis, 2017-2023 ww.);

2.  erovnuli saswavlo gegma. sagnobrivi programa bunebismetyvelebaSi (2017-2023 ww.);
3.  m. bliaZe, g. xatisaSvili, g. Cxenkeli, g. gaxelaZe da sxv. `dawyebiTi safexuris maswavleblis meToduri
gzamkvlevi~, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri, Tb., 2010 w.;
4.  n. beselia, T. meifariani, l. miqiaSvili, i. jalaRania. `interaqtiuri swavleba~, norvegiis ltolvilTa
sabWo, SvedeTis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso saagento, Tbilisi, 2004 w.;
5.  i. kalaZe, g. xandamiSvili. `saskolo saxelmZRvanelos Sedgena-analizis sakiTxebi~, Tbilisi, 2006 w.;
6.  g. kvantaliani. `rogor davsvaT kiTxva saswavlo procesSi~, Jurnali `wignieri~ N7, 2004 w.;
7.  z. kikviZe, n. dalaqiSvili, T. meifariani. `ekologiuri ganaTlebis Sesavali saswavlo TamaSebis paketiT~,
meore gamocema, gamomcemloba `skola~, Tbilisi, 1998 w.;
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oduli samecniero Jurnali `inteleqti~, # N1(27), 2007 w.;
9. moswavlis pirveli enciklopediis seriidan: `zRvebi da okeaneebi~, bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba;
10. a. vailksi, `weliwadis droebi~;
11. e. delbi. `bunebis saocrebebi~, bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 2004 w.;
12. j. l. sTili, k. s. merediTi, C. templi. saxelmZRvaneloebi proeqtisaTvis `kiTxva da wera kritikuli
azrovnebisTvis~;
13. e. pargrivsi, d.f. lazare, p. gardneri da sxv. statiebi ganaTlebis sakiTxebze, maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ganviTarebis centri, Tb. 2010 w.;
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saTvis~, maswavlebelTa ganviTarebis centri, Tb., 2009 w.;
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