Management Role in Organizations

Report on Comstar

Submitted to: Ma’am Qurat-ul-Ain Shah

Name of Group Members:
Shan Feroz
Afnan Ahmed
Saman Mustafa
Daniyal Khan
Samreen Ayesha
General Information
Name of the company: COMSTAR

Nature of the work: IT Services

Headquarter: Karachi

Other Office: Lahore & Islamabad

Company Registration Number: K-06366

Website: www.comstar.com.pk

Logo of Comstar
Board of Directors of Comstar
Name Designation

Mr. Muneer Shahnawaz Chairman / Director

Mr. Muhammad Naeem Director

Mr. Samiullah Bajwa Director/ Chief Executive

Mr. Wajahat Malik Director

Mrs. Farida Bajwa Director

Shareholders of Comstar
S. No. Name of Shareholder Shares held Percentage

1 Mr. Muneer Shahnawaz 4,514,246 28.64%

2 Infosat Communication LP 2,312,854 14.68%

3 National Bank of Pakistan (NDFC) 2,300,000 14.59%

4 M/s. Shezan Services Private Limited 1,364,042 8.65%

5 Others 22 Shareholders (below 8%) 5,268,194 33.43%

Total 15,759,336 100.00 %

Introduction:
Over 2,000 communications satellites in Earth’s orbit, used by both private and government
organizations. Communication satellite is relay signal around the earth allowing the
communication from the one station to another station of the earth. These communication
satellites use wide ranges of radio and microwaves frequencies. Comstar is one of the satellite
communication company was established in 1996 and they provide the services of satellite
communication and radio communication. They provided their services to the different
organization or different firms like UEPL, ENI, Schlumberger, Weatherford, MOL, MCPL, PPL,
OPI, BHP, Polish Gas, Bank Al-Habib, Standard Chartered, First Women Micro Finance, Faisal
Bank, Bank Al Falah, Askari Bank. After the great beginning of the career they face the downfall
in 2011 because of their competitors (Supernet and ybernet) they took huge part of business in
the form contracts of other organization. Supernet and Cybernet are huge firms that’s why they
lose many of the contracts. In 2011 they also done downsize in employees as well because of
their circumstances. Anyhow company survived due to the small contracts. In 2015 they stand
again and get the contract from the most famous organization HASHOO Groups from all over
Pakistan that was a great opportunity for them. They started work with HASHOO Groups and
providing best services to them and trying to satisfy their customer’s demands. In 2016 they face
again small downfall but in 2018 they work really hard and improve their work. The organization
getting more contracts from multiple organization and it having a good growth opportunity.

Our Services:
Comstar provides innovative software solutions to its customers worldwide. With a large team
of developers, engineers, business analysts, designers and marketing specialists. They provide a
wide range of services in:

 Software Development Services

 Cloud based Productivity Solutions
 Mobile Applications
 Customization & Support for leading CMS Platforms
 Applications & Solutions.
 Comstar has extensive expertise in design, engineering, integration, commissioning and
installation  of, Software Applications, Network Services, and Solar PV Power Systems.
Comstar has experience in providing hybrid communication solutions with a combination
of Satellite, Radio, Networking & Fibre optics technologies; Software Applications both
standard ERP and customized Web and Mobile Application products and in Electrical Power
we have Solar PV -OFF Grid and ON Grid Power Systems. Comstar has designed and
installed major systems in remote and demanding locations. Comstar has provided services to a
diverse spectrum of businesses. This includes Financial, Oil & Gas, Hospitality, Retail,
Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical, Education, Textile, and Telecom. Comstar has also executed
several large Government projects.

Performance Evaluation Chart of Comstar:

Vision of Comstar:
To be provider of choice for Networking, IT Security, Web and Mobile Applications.

Mission of Comstar:
Provide six-sigma quality service to our customers while providing employees a work
environment to attain excellence with a career growth path and a handsome return on investment
to shareholders.

Number of Departments:
1. Accounts Department
2. Finance Department
3. Human Resources Department
4. Sales Department
5. Operations Department
6. Customer support Department
7. CSS/ Software Department
8. Creative designing Department
9. Procurement Department
CEO & PRESIDENT OF COMSTAR:
Name: SAMIULLAH BAJWA

Education: Computer Engineering University of Southern California ,

LA, MBA – Finance And Int Bus Mcgill University, Montreal,
Canada, BS Electrical Engineering University Of Eng. &Tech, Lahore
HS Diploma – Pre Engineering Cadet College Petaro High School.

In his 30 year experience of Wireless and Satellite Communication,

Semiconductor, and Power Load Management and Television
Broadcast industries. Presently responsible for a wide range of
activities related to Corporate Management, Governance, Strategy,
Finance, Marketing, Sales and Technology planning, implementation of continuous improvement
and enhancement policies and procedure; keeping in step with industry advancements and
circumventing competitive threats.

According to his talent and experience the software department comes under his controlling
and observing.

Departments & Responsibilities:

Software Department:

The software brings light in dark for any organization that means software is very important
for any organization to do work more effectively and efficiently.

Responsibilities:

 Assigns project
 providing opportunities for growth
 Gathers information and evaluation
 Develops project plans
Human Resource Department:

The word human resources used by the pioneering economist John R. Commons. Human
resources play an important role in organization to develop as well as bring the organization at
the edge of success. Human resources are intended to show how to have better employee
relationships at the workplace. Also, they bring out the best work ethics therefore making a
move to a better work environment.

Responsibilities:

 Managing job recruitment, selection, and promotion

 Developing and overseeing employee benefits and wellness programs
 Developing, promoting, and enforcing personnel policies
 Promoting employee career development and job training
 Providing orientation programs for new hires
 Providing guidance regarding disciplinary actions
 Serving as a primary contact for work-site injuries or accidents

Accounts Department:

Part of a company's administration that is responsible for maintaining the accounts, general
ledger, paying bills, billing customers, payroll, cost accounting, financial analysis, and more. An
accounting department provides accounting services and financial support to the organization.
The accounts department of the Comstar organization review the records of each department to
determine the company's financial position and any changes required to run the organization
cost-effectively. They ensure that accounting department is stable and play a pivotal in the
growth of the Comstar business.

Responsibilities:

 Money out – making payments and keeping the bills paid.

 Money in – processing incoming payments.
 Payroll – make sure everyone gets paid (including the government).
  Reporting – preparing financial reports, e.g. P&L, Balance sheets, and budgets.
 Financial Controls – to avoid errors, fraud, and theft.

Finance Department:

Accounting is the way to keep score of a company's activities, but finance brings a business to
life. Finance passes through every part of a firm's operations. The finance department of an
organization manages its money. Few decisions are ever made without input from the people in
financial management. The finance department usually produces the company’s financial
statement.

The activities which are concerned with the acquisition and conservation of capital funds in
meeting the needs and overall objectives of an organization. The business function department
typically include planning, organizing, auditing, accounting for and controlling its company’s
finance

The finance department of the Comstar also organize recovery-focused policy advocacy
activities, carry out recovery-focused community education and outreach programs, and provide
peer-based recovery support services.

Responsibilities:

 Management of company’s cash flow

 Budgets and forecasting

 Advising and sourcing longer-term financing

 Management of Taxes

 Management of Company’s Investments

 Financial Reporting and analysis

 Assist managers in making key strategic decision.

 Recovery Planning and Recovery Operations.

Sales Department:
 When the sales increases that increases your growth of the organizational business and that
lead to the success of the business that is the purpose of the sale department. Comstar sales
department is working hard to increase their sale they are trying very hard to maintaining
relationships with their customers.

The personal touch is the key to happy, long-term client relationships, not to mention
increased profitability. The organization Comstar using this key to make their customer happy.

Responsibilities:

 Sale and utilizing sales tools.

 Goal setting.
 Product, price and distribution.
 Customer services.

Operation Management Department

It is concerned with converting materials and labor into goods and services as efficiently as
possible to maximize the profit of an organization. Operations management teams attempt to
balance costs with revenue to achieve the highest net operating profit possible. The operation
department of Comstar organization practicing to create the highest level of efficiency to
maximize the profit.

Responsibilities:

 Coordinating and developing new proses.

 Raw materials acquisition.
 Productivity.
 Quality control.
 Materials handling and installing the devices.
 Maintenance policies.
 Supply chain and logistics.
 Infrastructure and networking design
Creative Designing Department:

A Creative Designer must complete various tasks in order to produce a finished model,
graphic or label. Creative Designer works in areas of marketing and advertising to create various
materials. They design these materials using paper sketches and digital illustration software.
They will follow the process from concept to rough layout to prototype to completed project.
Creative Designers could be Graphic Designers, Artists or Photographers.

Responsibilities:

 Produce Design Concepts.

 Assist with Prototype Development and production.
 Coordinate Services of outside Vendors and promotions.
 Creative Designing, creative marketing and advertising.

Procurement Department:

Procurement department know the requirement and need of the organization and they consider
various option and alternative before getting it or before purchasing it. They carefully research
on product, goods or services which one is the best deal and which are the best suppliers for the
organization.
Responsibilities:

 Monitor stock levels and identify purchasing needs

 Research potential vendors
 Track orders and ensure timely delivery
 Update internal databases with order details (dates, vendors, quantities, discounts)
 Conduct market research to identify pricing trends
 Evaluate offers from vendors and negotiate better prices
 Prepare cost analyses
 Maintain updated records of invoices and contracts
 Follow up with suppliers, as needed, to confirm or change orders
Culture:

The culture of any organization is very unique and different from any other organization. The
culture of an organization is depends on the value believes and behavior. Basically culture is
consistent, observable patterns of behavior in organizations. Repeated behavior or habits as the
core of culture and deemphasizes what people feel, think or believe. Organizational culture also
includes the expectations, experiences, philosophy, and value that hold it together and is
expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world and future
expectations.

“Culture is how organizations ‘do things’.” — Robbie Katanga

The organization Comstar is organic organization and their culture is informal and friendly.
The employees are very social and interacting with each other. They celebrate all the events of
the employees with their hearts like a family members. They give the importance to their values
and rituals. These types of cultures leads to satisfied employees and an increased productivity.

“Organizational culture is the sum of values and rituals which serve as ‘glue’ to integrate
the members of the organization.” — Richard Perrin

Work Culture:

The Comstar is strong cultural organization in which employees have stronger work
commitment to their organization. The Comstar promotes the learning organization. If any
worker or employee try doing anything new or innovative, the organization support it and lets
them to do it. The employer or senior’s gives new tasks every day or work to the employees for
their better learning. In case employees commit any mistakes, they let it go and when the
employees or workers want to do any training courses, they help them and cooperate with them.

Subculture:

Every organization have different culture as well as subculture, however, the subculture of
Comstar is classified below on the basis of departmentalization.

:
Human Resource Department:

• Cooperative HR personnel

• Feminine and friendly

• Policies made in benefit with company’s employees

• No internal politics

Accounts Department:

• Rigidity in employees relationships

• Non-formal and unsophisticated

• Strict to other employees - hardly cooperates

• Too much political

• Traditional

• Having non friendly culture they hardly cooperate with others and having internal politics
as well and they are conservative.

Sales Department:

• Enthusiastic people

• Strong bonding among employees

• Non-political and informal environment

• Not only helps each other but other employees in the company

• Dining out for lunch, once a week is must.

• Farewell party for employees showing his/her significance

• Welcomes new employee with warm wishes and a dine out

Operations Department:

• Technical people
 • Do not intervene in other’s tasks – spend most of the time on fields

• Straight forward people

• Lack of coordination with other employees of organization

Software Department:

• Software developers

• Sophisticated and classy

• Cooperative and helping

• Highly paid and high-maintenance

• Non-political environment

• Non interfering

• In good-books of CEO

Procurement Department:

• Extrovert people

• Habit of developing contacts

• Great contacts with vendors as well as labour class

• Highly informal culture

• Use of slang language

Environment:
Any place has the surrounding and their conditions indicate the particular activity termed as
environment. An organization’s activity always affected by the environment. The environment
has a significant impact on the management of an organization.

Any Organization has two types of environment; internal and external.

External Environment of Comstar:

1. Economic Dimension:

The economic dimension of an organization is the overall status if the economic system in
which the organization operates. The important economic factors for business are inflation,
interest rates, and unemployment.
These factors of the economy always affect the demand for products. During inflation, the
company pays more for its resources and to cover the higher costs for it, they raise
commodity prices.
Pondering on Comstar, the increasing rates of dollars which is a part of external
environment can affect company’s financial position as well as its growth in profit.
2. Technological Dimension:

It denotes to the methods available for converting resources into products or services.
Managers must be careful about the technological dimension. Investment decision must be
accurate in new technologies and they must be adaptable to them.
Considering Comstar’s technological environment, the company is ready to grow and amend
in accordance with advancing technologies. More advanced technologies and skilled
personnel’s to operate and manifest such technologies into the company are being allocated.
This is done in order to proceed in changing technological demands.
3. Competitors

Policies of the organization are often influenced by the competitors. Competitive

marketplace companies are always trying to stay and go further ahead of the competitors. In
the current world economy, the competition and competitors in all respects have increased
tremendously.
 The competitors can easily affect any company’s revenue growth. However, Comstar has
been successfully managed to deal with its competitor by providing its customers better and
quality driven services.
4. Suppliers

A good relationship between the organization and the suppliers is important for an
organization to keep a steady follow of quality input materials.

The Comstar has developed good relations with its suppliers in order to let the trade
carryon smoothly without any hindrance.

5. Customers

“Satisfaction of customer”- the primary goal of every organization. The customer is who
pays money for the organization’s product or services. They are the peoples who hand them
the profit that the companies are targeting.
Managers should pay close attention to the customers’ dimension of the task environment
because its customers purchase that keeps a company alive and sound.
Comstar has successfully made great relationships with its customers since its existence.
Therefore, its customers have been extremely loyal even at the time of its downfall, its loyal
customers continue to take services from Comstar.
Internal Environment of Comstar:
Forces or conditions or surroundings within the boundary of the organization are the elements
of the internal environment of the organization.
The internal environment consists mainly of the organization’s owners, the board of directors,
employees and culture.
1. Owner
Owners are people who invested in the company and have property rights and claims on the
organization. Owners can be an individual or group of person who started the company; or
who bought a share of the company in the share market. They have the right to change the
company’s policy at any time.
 Comstar’s owner Samiullah Bajwa makes sure that the employees feel sense of satisfaction
while working for his firm. He has maintained a friendly, informal and problem solving
environment in the company and tries to make policies in beneficial for his employees.
2. Board of Directors
The board of directors is the governing body of the company who are elected by
stockholders, and they are given the responsibility for overseeing a firm’s top managers such
as the general manager.
Before any project is started, the board of directors of Comstar calls a meeting with all the
managers of organization and asks for their feasibility. In this way, he maintains good terms
and develops healthy relations with his managers to motivate them and give them the sense
of significance for the company.

3. Employees
Employees or the workforce, the most important element of an organization’s internal
environment, who performs the tasks of the administration. Individual employees and also
the labor unions they join are important parts of the internal environment.
The employees of Comstar shows stronger work commitment as assumes company as its
own and works hard to generate more profits to the company.
4. Culture
Organizational culture is the collective behavior of members of an organization and the
values, visions, beliefs, habits that they attach to their actions.
The organization Comstar is organic organization and their culture is informal and friendly.
The employees are very social and interacting with each other. They celebrate all the events
of the employees with their hearts like a family members. They give the importance to their
values and rituals. These types of cultures leads to satisfied employees and an increased
productivity
Functional Approach:

Behind the managers closed door they spend good spam of time planning and organizing so
they can effectively carry out functions of leading and controlling. These four functions of man
mention are standardize across all industries.

Management by Objective (MBO):

MBO is a systematic and organized approach that allows management to focus on achievable
goals, develop action plans to achieve the goal or attain the best possible results from available
resources, review the goals and provide feedback, at the end give the rewards for achieving
goals. Practitioners claim that the major benefits of MBO are that it improves employee
motivation and commitment, and allows for better communication between management and
employees.

Peter Drucker in 1954 gave the outline of MBO and it is commonly used since 1960. He said:
“It’s just another tool. It is not the great cure for management inefficiency... Management by
Objectives works if you know the objectives, 90% of the time you don’t.” Finally the complete
MBO system is to get managers and empowered employees acting to implement and achieve
their plans, which automatically achieve those of the organization.

The Comstar organization’s planning core concept is MBO i.e. management by objective.
Through the seniors the objective or the goals derived from the organization and make sure the
objective or goal should be understandable by each and every employee. According to the
organization’s goals employees set their own goals for the work. All the individual goals
collaborate to the work and other co-workers as well as the overall organizational goal. After the
setting of goals, they decide what will do for the action plan. The employees, workers or
managers share their plans according to their end-goals or work/experience and also discuss
about resources allocation. They gives the importance and motivation to their employees that
they have some empowerment. The senior employees and managers monitoring the work on
small objectives of the juniors and observing their results and monitoring the progress. They
evaluate and reward progress. This step includes honest feedback on what went well and what
did not. After the feedback they distribute the prizes and rewards to the employees for the
motivation.

Due to the MBO approach, Comstar’s employees and workers get prepared for the hurdles
before they actually arrive or any kind of roadblocks. Moreover, organization can gain more
efficiency, save resources, and increase organizational morale if goals are properly set, managed
and achieved.
SWOT Analysis:
SWOT analysis is a framework used to evaluate a company's competitive position by
identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Specifically, SWOT analysis is
a foundational assessment model that measures what an organization can and cannot do, and its
potential opportunities and threats

SWOT Analysis is a useful technique for understanding of the organizational external analysis
(Strengths and opportunities) and internal analysis (Weaknesses and threats). Through these
analysis organization can identify their abilities and accessibilities

Strengths:

For any organization technical and sales teams are very important, however, the strengths of
Comstar are:

 strong sales team

 customer dealing and support
 gold partnership with vendors

Weaknesses:

 Financial Crisis since 2007 to 2014

 Downfall of company
 Issues in delivering services on time

Opportunity:

 If Comstar introduced new product and services in the IT world that would be the great
opportunity to serve to the maximum growth.
 Hire skilled professionals and experts in their respective fields
Threats:

 Due to the changing policies of the government, Comstar is facing the problems like
delaying in import of goods and also increased in the duties and other taxes of goods that
are being improted.
 Rising foreign currency rates is also one of the threats to the Comstar Company.
 The competitors Multinet and Supernet are the huge threats as well as.
 The Comstar organization Procurement department likes procrastinating that is the huge
internal threat to the company.
Recommendations:
To continue to grow, Comstar needs to make investment in its businesses and expand its
software and sales team which can bring more vendors and clients to the organization whereas
software team can make the company up-to-date with advancing technologies, however, leading
to generate more revenue. For this purpose, company needs to allocate budget for hiring more
professional sales personals for the profitable growth of Comstar.

The company can also increase its product line and offer more qualitative products in its
services of satellite communication or data security. This may lead the clients to stick to the
company instead of shifting to any other competitors’ firm.

Nevertheless, if the company fails to imply above changes or any other innovative and client-
attracting strategies, Comstar may see the failure once again as the technology is advancing
every single day.