Lab 8

Situation: A chemical engineer was tasked with… Plan and design an experiment to determine which
will be the best coolant.

Hypothesis: Coconut water will be the best out of the three coolants due to its high specific heat
capacity.

Aim: To determine if coconut water is the best coolant

Apparatus: coconut water, cow’s milk, vegetable oil, thermometer, 2 beakers, distilled water,
measuring cylinder, 50g aluminium weight, string, stopwatch, tripod, bunsen burner

Method:

1. Beaker A was filed with 250cm3 of distilled water while beaker B was filled with 250cm 3 of
coconut was heated up to act as a water bath
2. The aluminium weight was tied to string and was placed in the water once it started to boil.
3. Aluminium was left in the water bath for 10 minutes to ensure that it was the same
temperature of the water.
4. Then a beaker was filled with 250cm3 of coconut water with its initial temperature recorded.
5. The aluminium foil was

Lab 9

Topic: Heat Capacity

Aim: To determine the latent heat of fusion of ice

Theory: When heat is added to a substance, a temperature change is generally observed to occur.
The heat added, Q, that causes a temperature to change (Tt IS (Q0), where m is assumed to be
constant over a temperature change (00). However situations exists where heat added to substance
does not cause a change in the temperature. In these cases, the added heat causes a change in
phase to occur. A solid to liquid phase change is referred to as heat of fusion while for a liquid to gas,
vaporization. The heat of fusion or vaporization can be expressed as Q=ml where “L” is the latent
heat of fusion or vaporization depending on the phase of change.

Apparatus: Filter funnel, connecting wires, power supply, ammeter, voltmeter, heater, crushed ice,
balance

Diagram

Procedure:

1. A similar circuit was created as shown in the diagram which also included the heater

Results and Calculations

Discussion

Source of Error:

1. Parallax Error due

2. Environmental Error
Limitation:

1. Some heat is lost to the environment

Precaution

1.

Conclusion:

After the experiment was concluded it the latent heat of fusion of ice

Results and Calculations

Time (s) Mass collected with Mass collected Mass of water (g)
heater (g) without heater (g)
120 12.9 9.2 3.7
240 19.5 14.2 5.3
360 26.2 18.2 8.0
480 31.8 21.9 9.9
600 38.2 25.6 12.6
720 44.2 29.6 14.6

Gradient of Graph

Lab 10

Theory: When stress is applied to a material, strain is produced in the material. This strain is
proportional to stress, provided the stress does not a limit known simply as the limit of
proportionality. Within this limit, the value of stress is a constant for the material, and known as the
Young modulus for the material.

Apparatus: nickel chrome wire, weights, metre rule, fixed support, micrometre screw gauge, paper,
tape, pin

Diagram:

Procedure:

1. The nickel chrome was attached to fixed support.

2. A known weight was attached to the wire
3. The diameter

Results and Calculations

 Mass(g) Weight(M) Extension(mm) Extension(m)
50 0.5 2 2×10-3
100 1.0 4 4×10-3
150 1.5 5 5×10-3
200 2.0 6 6×10-3
250 2.5 8 8×10-3
300 3.0 9 9×10-3

Observation:

While conducting the experiment many different factors was observe, for example when the
wire

Source of Error:

1. Environmental
2. Parallax

Limitation

The

Precaution:

Close

Conclusion: