UNIT 9: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD

(TIẾ NG ANH TRÊ N THẾ GIỚ I)

A. VOCABULARY
accent Giọ ng điệu Mary has the accent of
ˈæksent/ Northern people.
(n) Mary mang giọ ng điệu củ a
ngườ i miền bắ c.

bilingual Sử dụ ng đượ c My manager is bilingual

/ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/ Sử dụ ng đượ c in Engish and Japan.
(adj) hai ngô n ngữ Quả n lý củ a tô i nó i đượ c hai
ngô n ngữ là tiếng Anh và
tiếng Nhậ t

dialect Tiếng địa Jill couldn’t understand if

/ˈdaɪəlekt/ phương you spoke dialect.
(n) Jill khô ng thể hiểu nếu bạ n
nó i tiếng địa phương

dominant Chi phố i, chủ She has a dominant role

/ˈdɒmɪnənt/ đạ o in her team.
(adj) Cô ấ y có vai trò chủ đạ o
trong nhó m củ a cô ấ y.

establishment Sự thà nh lậ p They have announced the

 /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/ establishment of the local
(n) primary school.
Họ vừ a tuyên bố sự thà nh
lậ p củ a trườ ng tiểu họ c địa
phương.

flexibility Tính linh họ at We should train the body

/¸fleksi´biliti/ to develop the flexibility.
(n) Bạ n nên rèn luyện thâ n thể
để phá t triển tính linh họ at.
fluent Trô i chả y Most of students in my
/´fluənt/ class are fluent in English.
(adj) Hầ u hết cá c họ c sinh trong
lớ p tô i đều nó i tiếng anh
trô i chả y.

global Toà n cầ u They are going to hold a

/´gloubl/ conference on global
(adj) warming.
Họ sẽ tổ chứ c mộ t cuộ c hộ i
thả o về sư ấ m lên toà n cầ u.
imitate Bắ t chướ c Kids are likely to imitate
/ˈɪmɪteɪt/ their parents.
(v) Trẻ em thườ ng bắ t trướ c bố
mẹ chú ng.

intonation Ngữ điệu You raise your intonation

/ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn/ at the end of some
(n) questions.
Bạ n nâ ng giọ ng lên ở cuố i
mộ t số câ u hỏ i.
look up Tra cứ u I often look up a word in a
/lʊk ʌp/ paperback dictionary.
Tô i thườ ng tra cứ u từ bằ ng
từ điêrn giấ y.

mother tongue Tiếng mẹ đẻ Vietnamese is my mother

/ˌmʌðə ˈtʌŋ/ tongue.
(n) Tiếng Việt là tiếng mẹ đẻ
củ a tô i.

translate Dịch I have my assistant

/trænsˈleɪt/ translate some documents
(v) for me.
Tô i nhờ trợ lý củ a giá o viên
dịch và i vă n bả n cho tô i.
 variety Sự đa dạ ng, American English and
/vəˈraɪəti/ thể loạ i Canadian English are two
(n) variaties of English.
Tiếng Anh Mỹ và tiếng Anh
Canada là 2 loạ i tiếng Anh.

B. GRAMMAR
1. ÔN TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 (CONDITIONAL SENTENCE 2)
Chức năng Dù ng để diễn tả khô ng thể xảy ra ở hiện tạ i hoặ c tương lai, điều
kiện chỉ là giả thiết, mộ t ướ c muố n trá i ngượ c vớ i thự c trạ ng hiện
tạ i.
Dù ng để đưa ra lờ i khuyên.
Cấu trúc If + S + V2/ Ved+O , S +would+ V+ O
(Thì quá khứ đơn)
 Mệnh đề “if” dù ng quá khứ đơn, mênh đề chính dù ng độ ng từ
khuyết thiếu “would +V”
Ví dụ If I were a bird, I would be very happy.
(nếu là mộ t con chim, tô i sẽ rấ t hạ nh phú c)
 Tô i khô ng thể là chim đượ c.
If I had a million dollars, I would buy that car.
(nếu tô i có 1 triệu đô la, tô i sẽ mua cá i ô tô đó .)
 Hiện tạ i tô i khô ng có .
Lưu ý: Trong câ u điều kiện loạ i 2, ở mệnh đề “if” vớ i chủ ngữ là “she, he,
it” ta có thể dù ng “were” hoặ c “was” đều đượ c.
(were dù ng trong tình huố ng trang trong hơn)
Ta cũ ng có thể dù ng “could” hoặ c “might” trong mệnh đề chính.
“Would” = sẽ (dù ng dạ ng quá khứ củ a “will”)
“Could” = sẽ (dù ng dạ ng quá khứ củ a “can”)
“Might” = sẽ (dù ng dạ ng quá khứ củ a “may”)

BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN

Bài 1: Nối các câu ở cột A với cột B sao cho phù hợp.
CỘT A CỘT B
1. 1/If I had Laura’s phone number now, a. a/I would think twice before I drop out
2. 2/If it was sunny and hot today, of school.
3. 3/Mike would invite you to his next b. b/I would forbit smoking everywhere in
party. the state.
4. 4/If I had wings, c. c/We would take the kid for a swim in
5. 5/You would get better grade. the beach.
6. 6/If I were in your position, d. d/If his parents weren’t drug addicts.
7. 7/We could take photos here. e. e/If you were one of his friends.
8. 8/If I lived in a developed country, f. f/I would send her an urgent SMS.
9. 9/If I were a governor for only a day, g. g/I would find a well-paid job easily.
10.10/ Mike wouldn’t such family problems.h. h/I would fly back home to see my wife
and my kids.
i. i/ If it wasn’t forbidden to do so.
j. j/ If you worked hard.
1. __________ 2. ____________ 3. _____________4. _____________5. _______________
6. __________ 7. ____________ 8. _____________9. _____________10. _______________
Bài 2: Hoàn thành câu điều kiện loại 2 dưới đây
1. If I ___________ (be) you, I would practice more often for the upcoming test.
2. I _____________(spend) a lot of money if I won the lottery.
3. What ___________________ (you/do) if I gave you one million dollars?
4. If I met Rihanna, I ____________ (say) hallo.
5. I would take the underground every day if I __________ (live) in London.
6. You would feel a lot of better, if you ________________ (not/smoke) so much.
7. If I ___________ (be) you, I would follow mun’s advice.
8. I would run away if I ______________ (see) a ghost.
9. What would you do if you _______________ (see) a robbery?
10. You _______________ (have to) choose a place to live, which one would you choose?
Bài 3: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc để hoàn thành câu điều kiện loại 1 và
loại 2 dưới đây.
1. If I were you, I ________________ (learn) now.
2. Chuck _________________ (ask) us, we would lend him our books.
3. If they ___________ (be) at home, they will learn my words.
4. If Jack has a new DVD, he ___________ (lend) it to Cindy.
5. If you washed the car, he ___________ (get) more pocket money.
6. If you ___________ (come), you would meet them.
7. If we go to London, we ___________ (see) Buckingham Palace.
8. Jenny will help you if she ___________ (have) more time.
9. Sandy___________ (tell) him if she asked her.
10. I___________ (wash) my hands if he gives me a soap.
11. If the ghost passes through the door, she___________ (scream)
12. If we ___________ (swim) a lot, we would win the competition.
II. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSE)
1. Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ (MĐQH)
Định nghĩa - Mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính từ ) là mộ t loạ i mệnh đề phụ thuộ c, đượ c
bắ t đầ u bằ ng cá c đạ i từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, that, whose hay nhữ ng
trạ ng từ quan hệ: why, when, where
- Mệnh đề quan hệ dù ng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứ ng trướ c nó trong mệnh
đề chính củ a câ u hay để chỉ rõ ngườ i/vậ t đang nó i đến.
Ví dụ I told you about the woman who lives next door.
(tô i đã nó i vớ i bạ n về ngườ i phụ nữ số ng cạ nh nhà )

2. Các loại đại từ quan hệ

Đại từ Cách dùng Ví dụ
WHO - Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ ngườ i đứ ng trướ c nó The girl who is standing there is
- Là m chủ ngữ trong MDQH Ann
….N(person)+ WHO+V+ O The student who the head
- Là m O cho độ ng từ trong MĐQH teacher met was John
….N(person )+ WHO+ S+V
WHOM - Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ ngườ i, là m tâ n ngữ Is she the girl whom you are
cho độ ng từ trong MĐQH waiting for?
…N(person )+ WHOM +S +V Is she the girl WHOM is waiting
- Chú ý: “ who” có thể thay thế cho “whom”, for you? SAI
nhưng “ whom” khô ng thể that thế cho “who” Is she the girl WHO is waiting for
you?--> ĐÚ NG
WHICH - Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vậ t The book which is on the table is
- Là m chỉ ngữ hoặ c tâ n ngữ trong MĐQH beautiful
…N(thing)+ WHICH + V + O The dress which she is wearing is
….N(thing)+ WHICH+ S+ V beautiful
THAT - Có thể thay thế cho vị trí củ a Who, Whom, The pen that/ which is on the
Which desk is expensive
THAT= WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH The dancers that/ who/ whom he
painted were very lively
WHOSE - Dù ng để chỉ sở hữ u cho danh từ chỉ ngườ i hoặ c The dog whose hair is brown
vậ t, thườ ng thay cho cá c tính từ sở hữ u: his, her, belongs to me
their… hoặ c hình thứ c sở hữ u cá ch ‘s
 ….N( person, thing) + WHOSE+ N+V
- Chú ý: Whose chỉ đứ ng giữ a hai danh từ . Whose
khô ng đứ ng trướ c độ ng từ trong MĐQH

3. Các loại trạng từ quan hệ

Trạng Cách dùng Ví dụ
từ
WHY - Mở đầ u cho MĐQH chỉ lý do, thườ ng thay cho I don’t know the reason. You
cụ m “ for the reason, for that reason” didn’t go to school for that
…N(reason) + WHY + S+ V… reason
I don’t know the reason
why you didn’t go to school
WHERE - Thay thế từ chỉ nơi chố n nhyuw “ place, house, The hotel wasn’t very clean.
street, town, country…” thườ ng thay cho “ there” We stayed at that hotel
…N(place) + WHERE+ S +V The hotel where we stayed
( WHERE= ON/ IN. AT + WHICH ) wasn’t very clean
WHEN - Thay thế từ u chỉ thườ i gian nhưu “ time, I don’t know the time. She
moment, day, period, summer…” thườ ng thay will come back then
cho từ “then” I don’t know the time when
N(time) + WHEN + S+ V she will come back
( WHEN= ON/ IN/ AT + WHICH ) - Do you still remember the
day when we first met?
 Do you remember the day
on which we first met?/ Do
you remember the day which
we first met on?

Giới từ trong Mệnh đề quan hệ

Cách dùng Ví dụ
Nếu trong MĐQH có giớ i từ có thể đặ t -Mr Brown, with whom we studied last
trướ c hoặ c sau MĐQH ( chỉ á p dụ ng vớ i year, is a nice teacher
whom và which) Mr Brown, whom we studied with last
Nếu MĐQH bá t đầ u bằ ng đạ i từ quan hệ “ year, is a nice teacher
who, that” giướ i từ bắ t buộ c phả i đặ t sau, -The playground wasn’t used by those
KHÔ NG đượ c đặ t trướ c children that ít was built for  ĐÚ NG
 -The playground wasn’t used by those
children for that it was built SAI
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 4: Điền vào chỗ trống “ who” hoặc “which”
1. A soldier is someone___________ works in the army
2. A student is a person ___________ goes to school
3. An ostrich is a bird ___________ cannot fly
4. A cook is someone ___________ makes meals at a restaurant
5. A tire is thing ___________ you can find on a wheel
6. A stick is a piece of wood ___________ is long and thin
Bài 5: Dubgf “ that” hoặc “ whose” để nối các câu dưới đây
1. I admired the stuntman. His part was so dangerous
I admired the stuntman____________________________________________________________________
2. We ate the cake. It was on the cupboard
 We ate the cake_____________________________________________________________________________
3. She found the bag. It belonged to her
 She found the bag__________________________________________________________________________
4. Can you see the car? Its door is scratched
 Can you see the car________________________________________________________________________
5. You are the partner. I want to work with you
 You are the partner________________________________________________________________________
6. I couldn’t help the students. Their tests were a failure
. I couldn’t help the students_______________________________________________________________
7. This is the guy. I got it from him
 This is the guy______________________________________________________________________________
8. I liked the house. Its roof was made of res tiles
 I liked the house____________________________________________________________________________
9. A spade is a tool. You dig with it
 A spade is a tool____________________________________________________________________________
10. Here is the museum. I told you about it
Here is the museum________________________________________________________________________
11. I can’t respect politicians. Their only ambitious is to be in power
 I can’t respect politicians__________________________________________________________________
12. This is the man. We bought the ring from him
. This is the man_____________________________________________________________________________
13. We can’t afford new cars. Their price is too high
 We can’t afford new cars__________________________________________________________________
14. Where is the cassette? We listened to it
 Where is the cassette______________________________________________________________________
15. The film is about a king. His brother kills him
 The film is about a king____________________________________________________________________
16. I met some people. Their houses were badly damaged
 I met some people__________________________________________________________________________
Bài 6: Điền vào chỗ trống các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ : who, whom, which, whose,
where, when” sao cho thích hợp
1. Can you give me back the money __________I lent you last month?
2. This is the restaurant __________we used to eat when he lived in Boston
3. Mark has sent me an email __________I haven’t replied yet.
4. Who’s the person__________ is sitting next to Nancy?
5. They complained about the wrong goods __________ were sent to them
6. This is Susan __________ husband works in the sales department
7. Candy is wearing a new dress __________ she bought in the summer sales
8. Monday is the day __________ bills have to be paid
9. The secretary showed me the filing cabinet __________ important documents are filed
10. Do you like the boy __________ Mary is talking to?
11. We enjoyed the party __________ Peter and Pam had to celebrate Christmas
12. Are you the person __________ applied for a job as a receptionist?
13. Is this this pub __________ you meet your friends?
14. You have to delete the sheet __________ is repeated
15. April is the month __________ we have Easter holiday in Spain.
16. The advice __________ Sam gave me was quite senseless
17. Have you bought the food __________ I asked you?
18. Pjone Mr Smith __________ you will have to talk to tomorrow
19. Let’s visit the park __________ we played after school
20. Celebrities receive lots of invitations __________ they don’t accept
21. Did you refuse the offer __________ the company made you?
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 7: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc để hoàn thiện câu điều kiện loại 1 và
2
1. If you (see)____________John, I ( tell) ____________him your news
2. You(meet) ____________ my brother if you (go) ____________ to town on
Monday
3.Meg sleeps only 5 hours a day. If she (sleep) ____________ longer, her health (improve)
____________ fast
4. If she (want) ____________ to talk to me, she ( ring up) ____________. I guess she doesn’t
5. If you (need) ____________ help, my father (help) ____________ you
6. We (have) ____________ a picnic if the day ( be) ____________ fine’
7. I (understand)_________________ Mr Brown if he ( speak)______________slowly
8. If you (see) ____________ a policeman, he (show) ____________ you the way
9. I ( finish) ____________ the job tomorrow if I ( can) ____________
10. If you (give) ____________ him good meals, he ( not be able ) ____________ to work hard
11. You (make) ____________ a fortune if you( take) ____________ my advice. Too bad!
12. I ____________ (not need) an umbrella if it (not rain) ____________
13. If she (think) ____________ it over carefully, she (form) ____________ a clear opinion
14. If they ( catch) ____________ a bus now, they (arrive) ____________ at half past nine
15. He ( find) ____________ the answers if he (look) ____________ at the back of the book
16. If I ( think) ____________ that about him, I (say) ____________ so aloud
17. If he ( promise) ____________ to behave in the future, his mum ( forgive) ____________ him
18. If you (want) ____________ me to, I (come) ____________for a walk with you
19. If we (can) ____________ come on Sunday, we (come) ____________. I am really sorry
20. If you (wait) ____________ for a moment, the waiter (bring) ____________ you a coffee
21. He (lose) ____________weight if he (stop) ____________eating so much
22. Life (be) ____________ monotonous if we (have) ____________ nothing to do
23. He (not phone) ____________me herre unless it ( be) ____________urgent
24. If they (love) ____________ each other, they ( not fight) ____________ so much
25. If she (be) ____________ patient, I ( try) ____________ to explain
26. If he (do) ____________that again, his father (punish) ____________him
27. If Peter ( ask) ____________Mary, I’m sure she ( marry) ____________ him
28. She (get) ____________ fit if she ( walk) ____________every day 3 km
29. If she (drink) ____________this medicine, she (feel) ____________ much better
30. He (be) ____________ very pleased if it (be) ____________really true
Bài 8: Viết lại các cặp câu dưới đây thành câu có chứa MĐQH
1. She worked for a man. The man used to be an athlete
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. They called a lawyer. The lawyer lived nearby
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. I sent an email to my brother. My brother lives in Australia
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The customer liked the waitress. The waitress was very friendly
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. We broke the computer. The computer belonged to my father
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
6. I dropped a glass. The glass was new
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
7. She loves books. The books have happy endings
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
8. They live in a city. The city is in the north of England
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
9. The man is in the garden. The man is wearing a blue jumper
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
10. The girl works in a bank. The girl is from India
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
11. My sister has three children. My sister lives in Australia
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
12. The waiter was rude. The waiter was wearing a blue shirt
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
13. The money is in the kitchen. The money belongs to John
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
14. The table got broke. The table was my grandmother’s
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
15. The television was stolen. The television was bought 20 years ago
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
16. The fruit is on the table. The fruit isn’t fresh
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Bài 9: Chọn từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống
Bowl call come dress eat give Lived
make name peel play see throw windows
st
October 31 is Halloween. On this day children in Britain and USA (1)________up as a
witches and ghosts. They also (2)___________lamps out of pumpkins and put the, in the
(3)_________. Then they go to the people’s doors. They (4)__________out: “ Trick or treat”.
When people don’t (5)________________them a treat they play a trick on them
There also Halloween parties where they (6)_______________games. Such a game is “
apples on the strings” where people have to (7)______________ apples hanging from a sytring
without using their hands. Another game is “ bobbing the apples”. There you have to get
apples out of a (8)____________ without using their hands. A third game if “ fortune telling”.
Therefore you have to (9)____________an apple and (10)_______________the long peel over
your shoulder. Then look at the peel and try to (11)______________ a letter. This is the first
letter pf the person’s (12)______________________ you are going to marry
Halloween goes back many years when the Celts (13)___________________in England.
They thought that at this night the ghosts of the dead (14)____________back
Bài 10: Đọc đoạn văn dưới đây và trả lời câu hỏi
East Somalia’s prolonged the shortage of rain, which has already caused food
supply to failand brought unemployment in farming areas, could also affect the
production of electricity, and thus reduce the output from the nation’s mines. The
mining industry, and especially copper mining, uses a huge amount of electricity and
is almost completely dependent on the government Electricity Supply Commission.
But the Commission has recently asked the mines what would happen if electricity
supplies were reduced by ten, twenty or thirty percent.
 The Commission’s power stations which reduce the electricity using coal as
fuel, are mostly situated near the large coalfields of Eastern Province. But this area
has little water so the cooling towers at the power stations have to be supplied
with water from elsewhere. The problem now is that water levels in all rivers and
lakes have fallen dangerously low and, in some cases, are well below the intake
pipes which feed into the pipelines which supply the cooling towers.

In a separate attempt to solve the problem, engineers are spending some forty
million dollars on building a series of small dams across the Haro river. It is hoped
that these dams will make the water level at the Malawa Dam rise so that water can
then be pumped through a new pipeline to the power stations.

This will take time and it is now the dry season. Very little rain falls
before October or November, and after a shortage which has lasted for four years
and is believed to be the worst in two centuries, nobody can say whether the rain
will be sufficient.

The amount of electricity and water used by the mines has tended to
increase in recent years. The mines which produce about half the country’s export
earnings, need electricity in order to pump fresh air through their workings and
to drive machines which crush vast quantities of rock. Each mine also has to
provide accommodation for as many as three thousands workers.

1. How might East Somalia’s lack of rain affect electricity supplies and mining?
A. Copper mines are having to use less electricity
B. Coal supplies are failing to reach power stations
C. Electricity supplies to mines may be cut by up to thirty percent.
D. Copper mines may be unable to pump water by October.
2. Where does Electricity Supply Commission produce most of its electricity?
A. Along the Haro River B. Near the copper mines
C. At the Malawa Dam D. In Eastern Province
3. The action that the engineers are taking .
A. may not help if the rain is sufficient B. will become effective towards the end
of the year
C. should get enough water to the mines D. will use up a lot of electricity
4. The engineers aim to .
A. change the direction of the Haro river
B. keep more water at the Malawa Dam
C. get more water into the Haro river
D. dig out artificial lakes near the dam
5. Why are the copper mines important to East Somlia?
A. They train many skilled mechanics.
B. Each mine employs approximately 3,000 people
C. Their costs and production are rising.
D. They bring in fifty percent of what the country earns.