KALINGA STATE UNIVERSITY GENERAL PHYSICS 2: MODULE 3 Force due to Magnetic Fields and Sources of Magnetic Fields

MAGNETIC POLES MAGNETIC FIELDS AND FORCES

The magnetic pole is the region at each end of a
magnet where the external magnetic field is the
strongest. Magnetic poles of the astronomical bodies
is a special case of magnets
 Planet Earth has a North magnetic pole where
the north hand of the compass point
downwards.
 It also a south magnetic pole where the south
 Magnetic lines of force
hand of the compass point downward.
– Lines indicating magnetic field
What are Magnets? – Direction from N to S
An object that has the ability to generate a magnetic – Density indicates strength
field is known as Magnet. A magnet has the ability  Magnetic field is region where force exists.
to attract ferrous objects like iron, steel, nickel and
cobalt. Difference Between Electric Field And Magnetic
 Common magnets seen in our household is Field
the bar magnet. A bar magnet, in general, is a
Magnetic field is an exerted area around the
long and rectangular in shape of a uniform cross-
magnetic force. It is obtained by moving electric
section that attracts pieces of ferrous objects.
charges. The direction of the magnetic field is
There are two different poles of a magnet; north
indicated by lines. While the electric fields are

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pole and south pole.

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generated around the particles which obtains

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electric charge. During this process, positive charges
eH w are drawn, while negative charges are repelled.

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The red end of the magnet is the north pole and the
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blue end is the south pole. The poles are regions

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where the magnet is strongest.

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LORENTZ FORCE
The poles are called north and south because they
always line up with Earth’s north-south axis if the Lorentz force is the combination of electric and
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magnet is allowed to move freely. magnetic force on a point charge due to electro-
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magnetic fields.
Both halves of the magnet would also have north and
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south poles. If you cut each of the halves in half, all If a particle of charge q moves with velocity v in the
those pieces would have north and south poles as well. presence of an electric field E and a magnetic
Pieces of a magnet always have both north and south field B, then it will experience a force.
is

poles no matter how many times you cut the magnet. Lorentz force is the force on charge in
Laws of magnetic attraction and repulsion electromagnetic field.
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F = qv x B
–Like magnetic poles repel each other
Where:
–Unlike magnetic poles attract each other q is the charge
–Closer together, greater the force
sh

v is the velocity
B is the magnetic field density
Lorentz force is perpendicular to both velocity and
magnetic field. The right hand rule is applied when
determining Lorentz force.

The second right hand rule that will show the direction
https://www.coursehero.com/file/75198816/General-Physics2-Lesson-3pdf/ of the force on a positive charge in a magnetic field:

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 KALINGA STATE UNIVERSITY GENERAL PHYSICS 2: MODULE 3 Force due to Magnetic Fields and Sources of Magnetic Fields

 Point your index finger along the direction of the Where: I is the current, r is the shortest distance to the
particle’s velocity .
 Your middle finger points along the magnetic wire, and the μo is the constant is
the permeability of free space.
field,
 Your thumb will point in the direction of the And because nqAvd = I (Current)
force.
F = I*l*B*sinθ
NOTE: For negative charge reverse the direction of the
force (or use your left hand)
SAMPLE:
1. What is the direction of the magnetic force on the
current in each of the two cases shown in Figure?

The force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field

is F = IlB sin θ. Its direction is given by RHR-1.

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A B 1. Calculate the force on the wire shown in Figure,
USE RIGHT HAND RULE given B = 1.50 T, l = 5.00 cm, and I = 20.0 A.
Note: 1T (tesla) = N / A⋅m

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ANSWER: (A) LEFT (B) UP or NORTH

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying
Conductor
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SOLUTION:
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F = I*l*B*sinθ
***note the angle θ between I and B is 90º, so that sin θ = 1.
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F = (20.0A) (0.000m) (1.T) (1)

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F = 1.50 N
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“This large magnetic field creates a significant force

on a small length of wire.”
SAMPLE PROBLEM#2:
is

The earth’s field is about 5.01-2 Tesla (r) and B due

Th

Figure 1. The magnetic field exerts a force on a current- to the wire is taken to be 1.0104 Tesla.
carrying wire in a direction given by the right hand rule Find the current?
1 (the same direction as that on the individual moving
charges). This force can easily be large enough to move GIVEN:
r = 5.01-2 Tesla = 5.01-2 N/A.m
sh

the wire, since typical currents consist of very large

numbers of moving charges. B = 1.0104 Tesla = 1.0104 N/A.m
SOLUTION:
𝜇𝑜𝐼
Where: 𝐵=
 F Magnetic force 2𝜋𝑟
4𝜋 ∗ 10ˆ − 7 (𝐼)
 n is the number of charge carriers per unit volume 1.0104 N/A. m =
and V is the volume of wire in the field. N
2𝜋 (5.01 − 2 A . m)
 q is the charge
 A is the cross-sectional area of the wire I=2A
 Vd drift velocity
References:
 l length of the wire http://www.phys.ufl.edu/~acosta/phy2061/lectures/MagneticField.pdf
 B magnetic field density https://byjus.com/physics/magnetic-poles/
 Θ angle http://www.cabrillo.edu/~jmccullough/Physics/Magnetic_Forces.html
 Note: 1T (tesla) = N / A⋅m https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/22-7-magnetic-
force-on-a-current-carrying-conductor/
https://study.com/academy/lesson/understanding-forces-on-current-
carrying-wires-in-magnetic-fields.html
https://www.coursehero.com/file/75198816/General-Physics2-Lesson-3pdf/

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