American National Standard

ASSE 1020-2020

Performance Requirements for

Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Board Approved: January 2020

ANSI Approved: February 2020
ICS Codes: 23 060 99 | 91 140 60
 General Information

Neither this standard, nor any portion thereof, may be reproduced without the written consent of ASSE
International.

No product may be said to be ASSE listed unless the manufacturer has applied to ASSE International, has
had the product tested by an official ASSE recognized independent laboratory, according to the applicable
standard, passed the test, and has been reviewed and approved by the consensus ASSE International Seal
Control Board. Having completed the aforementioned, the manufacturer may then display the ASSE Seal on
the product.

Instructions for receiving the authorization to display the Seal are available from the ASSE International
Office. Organizations wishing to adopt or list any ASSE standard should print the ASSE standard number
on the cover page first and in equal or larger type to that of the adopting or listing organization.

ASSE International
Mokena, Illinois
Copyright © 2020, 2004, 1998, 1990, 1989, 1982, 1981, 1976, 1974
All rights reserved.

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies i

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 Foreword

This foreword shall not be considered a part of the standard; however, it is offered to provide background
information.

ASSE International standards are developed in the interest of consumer safety. ASSE considers product
performance standards to be of great value in the development of improved plumbing systems.

The working group that developed this standard was set up within the framework of the ASSE International
Product Standards.

This standard was approved by the Product Standards Committee to extend the ASSE portfolio of standards
for backpressure and backsiphonage backflow prevention devices for pipe applied vacuum breakers.

For pipe applied service conditions in water supply lines, there are two recognized basic conditions for which
vacuum breakers, anti-siphon type, are needed. These two classifications are atmospheric and pressure type.
In one instance, the device is under pressure only when there is a demand for water in the equipment being
served. The atmospheric type of device is recommended when the service line is under pressure only for
short periods of time.

For service conditions where the pressure in the service line must be continuous, a vacuum breaker must
be constructed with built-in means to mechanically force the atmospheric air inlet valve to open should a
negative pressure (vacuum) be created in the supply line. For this class of service, a "pressure type" device is
recommended for use.

ASSE 1020 was originally titled Vacuum Breakers, Anti-Siphon, Pressure Type and was approved by the
ASSE Product Standards Committee, received the concurrence of the ASSE Board of Directors, and was
issued as an official ASSE standard in November 1974. During its revision in 1989, the title was changed to
Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly. This change also included a recommendation for outdoor usage of the
assembly.

Recognition is made of the time volunteered by members of this working group and of the support of
manufacturers, who also participated in meetings for this standard.

This standard does not imply ASSE International’s endorsement of a product that conforms to these
requirements.

Compliance with this standard does not imply acceptance by any code body.

It is recommended that these devices be installed consistent with local codes by qualified and trained
professionals.

This standard was promulgated in accordance with the ASSE Procedures for Standards Development as
approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

ii Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 ASSE Vacuum Breaker Standards

ASSE
Standard Standard Name Typical Use Highlights
Number

1001 Atmospheric Type • Faucet with hose thread spout Prevents Backsiphonage:
Vacuum Breakers • Water closet fill valve • Outlet is open to atmosphere
• Not subjected to backpressure
• Not be subjected to more than twelve (12) hours
of continuous water pressure

1011 Hose Connection • Hose connections, such as hose • Prevents backflow by use of a SINGLE CHECK
Vacuum Breakers bib, wall hydrant, yard hydrant valve
• Prevents backsiphonage by use of AIR PORTS
• Prevents backpressure by use of check valve
and relief of backpressure through air ports. i.e.
relieves pressure in the hose.
• Non-removable and non-testable

1020 Pressure Vacuum • Irrigation systems Prevents Backsiphonage:

Breakers • Industrial processes • Uses a SINGLE CHECK
• Not subjected to backpressure
• Can be subjected to continuous water pressure in
excess of twelve (12) hours

1052 Hose Connection • Hose connections, such as hose Same as a 1011 device except there are two
Backflow Preventers bib, wall hydrant, yard hydrant check valves. One check valve holds the pressure
in the hose. The Intermediate chamber between
check vales becomes atmospheric. Device is non-
removable but is testable.

1056 Spill Resistant Vacuum • Indoor plumbing assemblies Same as 1020 but does not spill water when
Breakers • Medical equipment pressurized.

Standard No. Dual Check Air Ports Backflow Backsiphonage Backpressure Frost Free Removable Testable High Hazard

1001 N Y N Y N N Y N Y

1011 N Y Y Y Y N N N Y

1020 N Y N Y N N Y Y Y

1052 Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y

1056 N Y N Y N N Y Y Y

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies iii

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 2019 Product Standards Committee

Tsan-Liang Su, PhD, Chairperson John F. Higdon, P.E.

Stevens Institute of Technology Supply Source Products
Hoboken, NJ Matthews, NC

William Briggs, Jr. Conrad L. Jahrling (non-voting)

JB&B ASSE International
New York, NY Chicago, IL

Terry Burger Jim Kendzel

NSF International American Supply Association
Cleveland, OH Minneapolis, MN

William Chapin Ramiro Mata

Professional Code Consulting, LLC American Society of Plumbing
Cullman, AL Engineers (ASPE)
Cleveland, OH
Mark E. Fish
Zurn Industries, LLC Thomas Pitcherello
Cary, NC State of New Jersey
Bordentown, NJ
Ron George
Plumb-Tech Design & Consulting Daniel Rademacher
Services, LLC Plumbing Code and Design Consulting
Newport, MI Butte, MT

Daniel Gleiberman Shabbir Rawalpindiwala

Sloan Kohler Company
Los Angeles, CA Kohler, WI

Brandon Gunnell Billy Smith

Precision Plumbing Products American Society of Plumbing
Portland, OR Engineers (ASPE)
Montgomery, AL
Chris Haldiman
Watts Water Technologies
Springfield, MO

iv Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 1020 Working Group

Chris Corral Matthew Kapcia

Zurn-Wilkins The Backflow School, Inc.
Paso Robles, CA Warren, MI

Greg Goodson Bob Purzycki

Apollo/Conbraco BAVCO
Pageland, SC Long Beach, CA

Chris Haldiman Philip Yontz

Watts Water Technologies Apollo/Conbraco
Springfield, MO Pageland, SC

Conrad L. Jahrling (non-voting)

ASSE International
Chicago, IL

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies v

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 Table of Contents

Section I ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.0 General ............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Application ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................ 1
Figure 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Mechanical Function ......................................................................................................................... 2
Table 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Reference Documents ...................................................................................................................... 3

Section II ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.0 Test Specimens and Test Laboratory ................................................................................................ 4
.
Section III........................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.0 Performance Requirements and Compliance Testing ....................................................................... 5
3.1 Hydrostatic Test of the Complete Device .......................................................................................... 5
Figure 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 6
3.2 Hydrostatic Test of the Check Valve .................................................................................................. 5
Figure 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 6
3.3 Pressure Drop at Rated Flow ............................................................................................................ 6
Figure 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Table 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 7
3.4 Atmospheric Vent .............................................................................................................................. 7
3.5 Drip Tightness of Check Valve Test ................................................................................................... 7
Figure 5 ............................................................................................................................................. 8
3.6 Air Passage Comparative Areas ........................................................................................................ 8
Figure 6 ............................................................................................................................................. 8
3.7 Backsiphonage Test .......................................................................................................................... 9
Table 3 ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 7 ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 8 ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 9 ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 10 ......................................................................................................................................... 10
3.8 Shock (Water Hammer) Test of the Device ..................................................................................... 11
3.9 Deterioration at Extremes of Manufacturer’s Temperature .............................................................. 11
3.10 Life Cycle Test ................................................................................................................................. 12

Section IV........................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.0 Detailed Requirements .................................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Materials .......................................................................................................................................... 13
4.2 Identification and Markings ............................................................................................................. 14
4.3 Installation and Maintenance Instructions ....................................................................................... 14

Section V......................................................................................................................................................... 15
5.0 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... 15

vi Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 Performance Requirements for
Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

Section I
1.0 General

1.1 Application
Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies (herein referred to as "device") are for installation in water
supply lines to prevent the entrance of non-potable material into the potable water supply by
backsiphonage only. It is not for use in any system where backpressure can be applied to the
device. It is intended for use in both high and low hazard applications.

When a supply pressure is between 1.0 psi to 2.0 psi (6.9 kPa to 13.8 kPa), the air inlet valve
is open and the device will continuously discharge. Due to this probability of water discharge
from the atmospheric air inlet valve, the device shall be installed where water discharge does
not cause damage.

1.2 Scope
1.2.1 Description
The assembly shall contain an independently acting check valve force loaded to the closed
position, and an independently acting air inlet valve located downstream of the check valve that
is force loaded to the open position. The assembly shall also include two tightly closing shutoffs,
one at the inlet of the assembly and one at the outlet of the assembly, and two tightly closing
test cocks, one immediately upstream and one immediately downstream of the check valve.

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies 1

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 Figure 1 – Device component configurations in the vertical-up-horizontal (VUH) orientation.

Air Vent Valve

Test Cock #2 Shut-off

Valve #2
Check Valve

Test Cock #1

Shut-off
Valve #1

Source

1.2.2 Size Range

The device shall be designed to accommodate nominal pipe sizes 1/2 NPS to 2 NPS (15 DN
to 50 DN).

1.2.3 Static Pressure Range

The maximum rated static pressure of the device shall not be less than 150.0 psi (1034.3 kPa).

1.2.4 Temperature Range

a. The device shall be able to operate with cold water ranging in temperature between 33.0
°F to 110.0 °F (0.6 °C to 43.3 °C).
b. The device shall be able to operate with hot water ranging in temperature between 33.0 °F
to not less than 180.0 °F (0.6 °C to 82.2 °C).

1.3 Mechanical Function

1.3.1 Check Valve
The check valves shall be force-loaded to a normally closed position under static conditions.

1.3.2 Air Inlet Valve

a. The air inlet valve shall be force-loaded to a normally open position when the supply pressure
is atmospheric. It shall be located above the outlet pipe line so that water can drain from it
by gravity.
b. The air inlet valve shall start to open when the line pressure reaches 1.0 psi (6.9 kPa) and
the air inlet valve shall be fully open when water drains from the body.

2 Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 1.3.3 Test Cocks
Test cocks shall be resilient seated, and as part of the device, shall meet all material specifications
and hydrostatic requirements of this standard. Test cocks shall be replaceable or repairable.
Pipe size connections of test cocks shall not be smaller than the sizes indicated in Table 1. The
test cock shall be full port, and internal diameters shall not be smaller than the nominal size of
the test cock.

Table 1 – Minimum Test Cock Size.

Size of Device Size of Test Cock

NPS DN NPS DN
½-1 (15 – 25) ⅛ (6)
1¼-2 (32 – 50) ¼ (8)

1.3.4 Inspection and Repair

a. The check and air inlet valves shall be accessible for inspection, repairs or replacements.
b. All replaceable parts of the assemblies of the same size and model shall be interchangeable
with the original parts.

1.3.5 Connections
Pipe threads and other connections shall conform to the applicable standards.
• Tapered pipe threads shall comply with ASME B1.20.1.
• Dry seal pipe threads shall comply with ASME B1.20.3.
• Compression assemblies shall comply with SAE J 512.
• Soldered connections shall comply with ASME B16.18 or ASME B16.22.
• Push fit connections shall comply with ASSE 1061.
• Press connections shall comply with ASME B16.51.

1.4 Reference Documents

Referenced industry standards shall be to the revision stated below.
• ASME B1.20.1-2013, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
• ASME B1.20.3-1976 (R2013), Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch)
• ASME B16.18-2018, Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
• ASME B16.22-2018, Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
• ASME B16.51-2018, Copper and Copper Alloy Press-Connect Pressure Fittings
• ASSE 1061-2015, Performance Requirements for Push-Fit Fittings
• ISO 6509-1:2014, Corrosion of Metals and Alloys – Determination of Dezincification
Resistance of Copper Alloys with Zinc – Part 1: Test Method
• NSF 372-2016, Drinking Water System Components - Lead Content
• SAE J 512-1997, Automotive Tube Fittings
• UL 969-2017, Marking and Labeling Systems
• University of Southern California (USC) Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and
Hydraulic Research, Manual of Cross-Connection Control, Tenth Edition

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies 3

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 Section II
2.0 Test Specimens and Test Laboratory
Sample plan shall be in accordance with the testing laboratory or certification body.

4 Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
Section III
3.0 Performance Requirements and Compliance Testing

3.1 Hydrostatic Test of the Complete Device

3.1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to demonstrate the device's ability to withstand a pressure of 300.0
psi (2068.5 kPa), or the manufacturer's maximum rated working pressure, whichever is greater,
when applied at the inlet.

3.1.2 Procedure
Install the device as shown in Figure 2 per the manufacturer’s instructions. Purge the system
of air and pressurize to test pressure. Maintain the pressure for five (5) minutes. Observe the
device for external leaks.

Figure 2 – Hydrostatic test setup.

P1

Assembly

Supply

Drain

3.1.3 Criteria
Any leaks shall result in a rejection of the device.

3.2 Hydrostatic Test of the Check Valve

3.2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to demonstrate that the device's check valve is capable of withstanding,
without damage, a back pressure of two (2) times the manufacturer's maximum rated working
pressure or 300.0 psi (2068.5 kPa), whichever is greater, with atmospheric pressure on the
upstream side.

3.2.2 Procedure
Install the device as shown in Figure 2 and per the manufacturer’s instructions. Close the #2
shut-off valve and then close the #1 shut-off valve. Open the drain cock under the sight glass
and lower the water level in the sight glass to a height corresponding to the top of the device on
test. Slowly raise the pressure on the downstream side of the check valve to the required test
pressure, observing for indications of leakage or damage to the check valve. Maintain this pressure
for five (5) minutes. The water level in the sight glass shall reach and maintain a steady level.

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies 5

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 Figure 3 – Note: Sight glass is 0.5in (12.7mm) diameter and 48in (122cm) tall.

Sight Hydrostatic Pressure Source

Glass

TC2 Outlet

TC1
Inlet
Drain

Drain Source

3.2.3 Criteria
Any leak shall be cause for rejection of the device. Any damage that prevents compliance with
any part of this standard shall result in a rejection of the device.

3.3 Pressure Drop at Rated Flow

3.3.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine the minimum water flow capacity at the maximum
allowable pressure loss of 10.0 psi (69.0 kPa) across the device.

Figure 4 – Note: D is the diameter of the pipe, which matches the size of the device. Position the
pressure gauges at the minimum distances prescribed in the figure from the outside edges of the
device’s shut-off valves.

Diff Pressure Gauge

Shut-off Valve Throttling Valve

Assembly

Supply Flowmeter

2D 6D Drain

3.3.2 Procedure
1. Install the assembly per Figure 4.
2. Purge the air from the system and then open the throttling valve until the rate of flow per
Table 2 for the size of the assembly is reached.
3. Record the maximum pressure loss, Ptotal, and the corresponding flow rate, F.
4. Remove the assembly from the system. Connect the upstream and downstream pipe
connections. Flow water at flow rate, F. Record the pressure loss between as Pcorr.
5. Subtract Pcorr from Ptotal to equal P in order to adjust for pressure loss in piping between
the gauges and the device on test.

6 Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 3.3.3 Criteria
Any indication of leakage shall result in rejection of the device.

Table 2 – Minimum Flow Rate for Various Assembly Sizes.

Assembly Size Flow Rate

NPS DN GPM L/min
½ (15) 12.0 (45.4)
¾ (20) 30.0 (113.6)
1 (25) 50.0 (189.3)
1¼ (32) 75.0 (283.9)
1½ (40) 100.0 (378.5)
2 (50) 160.0 (605.6)

3.4 Atmospheric Vent

3.4.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine if the air inlet valve opens when the line pressure falls
to not less than 1.0 psi (6.9 kPa), and is fully open when water drains from the body.

3.4.2 Procedure
With the device installed as shown in Figure 2 and per the manufacturer’s instructions. Remove
the air inlet valve protective canopy or other shielding means so as to expose the valve for
observation. Open the test cock, in which the sight glass is installed, and pressurize the system
to close the air inlet valve. Clear any accumulated water from around the well above the air
inlet valve. Slowly drain water from the system until the air inlet valve starts to open. Record
the water level in the sight glass. It should not be less than 28.0 inches (711.2 mm). Continue
to drain water from the test system until the pressure at the air inlet valve is atmospheric. The
air inlet valve shall be fully open when the water drains from the body.

3.4.3 Criteria
Failure of the atmospheric air inlet valve to start to open when pressure drops to 1.0 psi (6.9
kPa) and be fully open when water drains from the body, shall result in a rejection of the device.

3.5 Drip Tightness of Check Valve Test

3.5.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine if the static pressure drop in the direction of flow across
the check valve is a minimum of 1.0 psi (6.9 kPa).

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies 7

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 Figure 5

Sight
Glass

P1

Shut-off Cock
Throttling Valve
Assembly

Supply

Drain

3.5.2 Procedure
1. Install the assembly per Figure 5.
2. Close the shut-off cock to the sight glass.
3. Fully open both shut-off valves on the assembly. Open the throttling valve to atmosphere.
Purge the device of air. Close the #1 shut-off valve.
4. Open the shut-off cock to the sight glass. Pressurize the inlet of the device until the sight
glass is filled to a column of at least 42.0 inches (1066.8 mm).
5. Close the supply valve tightly.
6. Open the #1 shut-off valve.
7. Allow the water level in the sight glass to drop for 5 minutes.
8. Record the static water level in the sight glass.

3.5.3 Criteria
Any loss of water level in the sight glass below 28.0 inches (711.2 mm) above the center of the
pipe line or the center of the disc face shall result in a rejection of the device.

3.6 Air Passage Comparative Areas

3.6.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to compare the effective throughway area from the water inlet to outlet
relative to the effective throughway area of the air inlet valve.

Figure 6

Vacuum Gauge

Vacuum Tank

Assembly

Vacuum
Quick-acting Valve Generator

3.6.2 Procedure

3.6.2.1. Install the assembly as shown in Figure 6 in the normal operating position with the
check or moving member held fully open and the air valve held closed.

8 Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 3.6.2.2. Connect the outlet of the device by means of 12 inch (305 mm) length of the same size
or larger size pipe to a quick opening valve of the same size or larger which in turn is connected
to a vacuum tank capable of providing at least 10 seconds of air flow.

3.6.2.3. With the inlet open, connect a 12 inch (305 mm) reamed nipple, of corresponding size
to the device, to the inlet of the device.

3.6.2.4. Dissipate the vacuum in the tank from 25.0 ± 0.5 inches of Hg to 5.0 ± 0.5 inches Hg
(84.4 kPa to 16.9 kPa) through the check valve orifice by operating the quick opening valve that
fully opens in less than 1 second.

3.6.2.5. Record the time it takes to dissipate the vacuum.

3.6.2.6. With the outlet still connected to the vacuum tank and the check held in a closed
position, hold the air valve open and dissipate the vacuum in the tank from 25.0 ± 0.5 inches
of Hg to 5.0 ± 0.5 inches Hg (84.4 kPa to 16.9 kPa) in the same manner through the air port or
ports. Record the time it takes to dissipate the vacuum.

3.6.3 Criteria
The time for the evaluation described in Section 3.6.2.6 shall be equal to or less than the evaluation
described in Section 3.6.2.5, based on the average result of not less than three (3) test runs.

3.7 Backsiphonage Test

3.7.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine that there is no backsiphonage of liquid through the
device when the check valve seat is fouled, and variable vacuums are applied to the inlet.

3.7.2 Procedure

3.7.2.1. Foul the check or moving member of the device with a wire sized in accordance with
Table 3, applied to the seat. Test wires may be furnished by the manufacturer and shall be
shaped or formed to fit the contour of the seat.

Table 3 – Wire Sizes for Fouling Check Member.

Vacuum Breaker Size Minimum Test Wire Diameter

NPS DN NPS DN
1/8 6 0.032 0.81
¼ 8 0.032 0.81
3/8 10 0.032 0.81
½ 15 0.032 0.81
¾ 20 0.040 1.00
1 25 0.048 1.22
1¼ 32 0.056 1.42
1½ 40 0.064 1.63
2 50 0.080 2.03

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies 9

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 3.7.2.2. The test wire shall be placed in the lower quadrant of a suspended check opposite
the hinge or point of suspension (See Figure 7). When testing a device in which the check
member is not hinged, but moves vertically, the wire or spacer shall be placed at a single point
of suspension on the seating area, on center line in the direction of the outlet port, as illustrated
(See Figure 8 and 9). Devices having other types of moving parts shall have parts spaced or
defaced equal to the spacing of the wire diameter in accordance with Table 3.

Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9

Check Member

Test wire to be
placed at point
of outlet Test wire to
be placed at
point of outlet

Test wire to be placed

accross the seat
at this point

3.7.2.3. Install the device in its upright orientation and per Figure 10. The check member shall
be fouled with the wire or spacer in the proper position, or by defacement, depending on the type
of check member, and the outlet of the device and the lower end of such tube submerged in water
to within 8.0 inches (203.2 mm) of the bottom or critical installation level (CIL) point of the device.

Figure 10 – Note: Sight glass is 0.5 in (12.7 mm) diameter and 48 in (122 cm) tall. Where a sight
glass is impractical, an appropriate pressure gauge may be used.

Device
Vacuum
Manual Relief Gauge Shut-off
Valve Vacuum Tank Vacuum
Vacuum Pump
Slight Glass
Quick-acting Regulator
Valve

Drain

Reservoir Vacuum System

3.7.2.4. The device shall then be subjected to tests, as described below involving sustained
vacuum, intermittent vacuum, effects of instantaneously applied vacuum, and gradually increasing
and decreasing vacuums to establish creep.

3.7.2.5. The following tests shall be repeated to obtain five (5) successive measurements
under each set of conditions:

10 Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 a. Instantly apply a constant vacuum of at least 25.0 inches of Hg (84.4 kPa) for a period of
at least thirty (30) seconds
b. Instantaneously apply intermittent vacuums of 3.0 inches Hg, 6.0 inches Hg, 10.0 inches
Hg, 15.0 inches Hg, and 25.0 inches Hg (10.1 kPa, 16.9 kPa, 33.8 kPa, 50.7 kPa, and 84.4
kPa). Each application shall be for 5 seconds on and 5 seconds off.
c. Slowly apply a vacuum increasing at a uniform rate from 0 inches of Hg to 25.0 inches of
Hg (0 kPa to 84.4 kPa).
d. Slowly apply a vacuum decreasing at a uniform rate from 25.0 inches of Hg to 0 inches of
Hg (84.4 kPa to 0 kPa).

In tests (a) through (d), vacuum levels are sea level values; at high altitudes, corrections shall
be made so as to produce the same vacuum in terms of fractional parts of an atmosphere at
the higher altitude.

3.7.2.6. Observe the elevation to which the water surface rises in the transparent tube beneath
the vacuum breaker in each test described in Section 3.7.2.5

3.7.3 Criteria
A water rise exceeding 6.0 inches (152.4 mm) in any one (1) of the observations shall result in
a rejection of the device.

3.8 Shock (Water Hammer) Test of the Device

3.8.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine if the device, when subjected to a pressure of two (2)
times the manufacturer's maximum rated working pressure, withstands the shock wave produced
in the downstream piping.

3.8.2 Procedure
With the device installed as shown in Figure 1, establish a flow through the device, which in
combination with a quick closing shut-off valve downstream, produces a shock wave measured
at the outlet of the device equal to twice the rated working pressure of the device. The test shall
be repeated four (4) times.

3.8.3 Criteria
Any indication of damage which impairs the intended functions of the device shall result in a
rejection of the device.

3.9 Deterioration at Extremes of Manufacturer’s Temperature

3.9.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the device's material performance at extreme temperature.
Any material, when exposed to water at extremes of the manufacturer's temperature range which
is essential to the continued function of the device, shall not be adversely affected.

3.9.2 Procedure
Cold water devices shall be tested at 40.0 °F (4.4 °C) and 110.0 °F (43.3 °C), or the manufacturer’s
maximum rated temperature, whichever is greater. Hot water devices shall be tested at 40.0
°F (4.4 °C) and also at 180.0 °F (82.2 °C), or the manufacturer’s maximum rated temperature,
whichever is greater.

Install the device with a heat source capable of maintaining the required temperature and
pressure. Install a pump capable of circulating water in accordance with Table 4, continuously
through the assembly at the maximum rated pressure and temperature.

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies 11

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 Water at the manufacturer’s maximum rated temperature and pressure shall be circulated
through the device for eight (8) hours per day for a total of ten (10) days (total of 80 hours). At
the end of each eight (8) hour period, the air inlet valve opening shall be verified in accordance
with Section 3.4.

Within one (1) minute of the conclusion of the final eight (8) hour test period, recirculate water
maintained at 40.0 °F (4.4 °C) through the device for at least one (1) hour.

3.9.3 Criteria
Any leaks shall result in a rejection of the device. Any damage that prevents compliance with
any part of the standard shall result in a rejection of the device.

3.10 Life Cycle Test

3.10.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to determine if the device passes the tests in Sections 3.4 and 3.5
after being subjected to the life cycle test

3.10.2 Procedure
The device shall be tested as follows:
a. Flow water through the device at twenty-five percent (25%) of its rated flow for three (3)
seconds.
b. Cease flow, and hold the device at static for six (6) seconds at 150.0 psi (1034.3 kPa) or
the rated pressure if higher.
c. Repeat section 3.10.2.a and 3.10.2.b for 1250 cycles and test in accordance with Sections
3.4 and 3.5.
d. Flow water at fifty percent (50%) of rated flow for three (3) seconds.
e. Repeat Sections 3.10.2.b and 3.10.2.c.
f. Flow at seventy-five percent (75%) of rated flow for three (3) seconds.
g. Repeat Sections 3.10.2.b and 3.10.2.c.
h. Flow water at one hundred percent (100%) of rated flow for three (3) seconds.
i. Repeat Sections 3.10.2.b and 3.10.2.c.
j. Repeat sections 3.4 and 3.5

3.10.3 Alternate Procedure

The University of Southern California Foundation for Cross-Connection Control & Hydraulic
Research (USC FCCC&HR) life cycle test protocol in the Manual of Cross Connection Control
section 10.1.2.2.3.8 is acceptable provided the number of cycles and the flow rates are the same
as specified in section 3.10.2 of this standard.

3.10.4 Criteria
Failure to pass Sections 3.4 and 3.5 shall result in a rejection of the device.

12 Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
Section IV
4.0 Detailed Requirements

4.1 Materials
4.1.1 Material in Contact with Water
Solder and fluxes in contact with potable water shall not exceed, by mass, 0.2% lead content.
Metal alloys in contact with potable water shall not exceed 8% lead content.

Fittings and devices intended to convey or dispense water for human consumption through
drinking or cooking shall not contain a weighted average lead content in excess of 0.25% when
evaluated in accordance with the test method specified in NSF 372.

4.1.2 Non-Ferrous Cast Part

Non-ferrous cast parts shall have a corrosion resistance at least equal to ASTM B584 alloy UNS
#C844400 or of a non-ferrous material at least equal in strength and corrosion resistance of not
less than seventy-eight percent (78%) copper.

4.1.3 Internal Non-Cast Part

Internal non-cast parts shall be of a material having a corrosion resistance at least equal to a
non-ferrous alloy of not less than fifty-eight percent (58%) copper.

4.1.4 Springs
Springs in contact with the water flowing through the device shall have a corrosion resistance
of at least equal to stainless steel, Series 300.

4.1.5 Flexible or Non-Flexible Non-Metallic Parts

Valve discs, seat facings or other flexible or non-flexible non-metallic parts shall be designed,
manufactured and supplied for continuous exposure to water at the maximum rated operating
temperature of the device without change in physical characteristics which prevents full compliance
with all requirements of this standard.

4.1.6 Metal to Metal Seats

Metal to metal seating of check valves and valve venting to atmosphere is prohibited. Either
seat, valve disc or both shall be of non-metallic materials which will assure pressure tight seating
and reseating.

4.1.7 Test Cocks

Test cocks shall have a resilient seat and be equal or greater in strength and corrosion resistance
as ASTM B584 Alloy UNS #C84400 .

4.1.8 Pipe Threads

a. Tapered pipe threads, except dryseal, shall be in compliance with ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.
b. Dryseal pipe threads shall be in compliance with ANSI/ASME B1.20.3.

4.1.9 Dezincification Resistance

Copper alloys in contact with water and containing more than 15% zinc (Zn) by weight shall be
resistant to dezincification. When tested in accordance with ISO 6509-1, the maximum depth
of dezincification shall not exceed 200 μm (7.87 mil).

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies 13

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
 4.2 Identification and Markings
Each device shall have the following information marked on it, where it is visible after the device
has been installed:
a. Manufacturer's name or trademark.
b. Type and model number of the device.
c. Maximum rated working pressure.
d. Maximum rated water temperature for which the device is designed.
e. Serial number consistent with the manufacturer's standard practice.
f. Nominal valve size.
g. The direction of water flow through the device.

Labels shall comply with UL 969 for permanence.

4.3 Installation and Maintenance Instructions

Instructions for installing, adjusting, and maintaining the device shall be included with each device.

The installation instructions shall include the following information:

a. Inlet and outlet connection sizes.
b. Manufacturer’s maximum working pressure.
c. Manufacturer’s stated maximum flow rate.

The instructions shall indicate that the device shall be accessible for replacement and repair.

The instructions shall include the phrases:

a. “The backflow assembly test procedure shall be per the local authority having jurisdiction
(AHJ).”
b. “The assembly shall not be installed in a concealed or inaccessible location, nor where the
venting of water from the assembly may cause damage. The serial number shall be visible
after installation.”

14 Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
Section V
5.0 Definitions
Definitions not located in this section are located in the Plumbing Dictionary, Sixth Edition, published
by ASSE International.

Pressure Recorder, Sensitive Electronic

A pressure gauge utilizing an electronic transducer capable of recording pressure of one-tenth (0.1) psi
increments.

Rate of Flow
The rate of flow of water, silt, or other mobile substance which emerges from an opening, pump, or
turbine or passes along a conduit or channel, usually expressed as cubic feet per second, cubic meters
per second, gallons per minute, or million gallons per day.

Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies 15

ASSE Standard #1020-2020
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ASSE International Chapter of IAPMO, LLC

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