1. DEFINE AND COMPARE THE FOLLOWING TERMS.

a. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics

Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics
brief descriptive coefficients
summarizing a given data set that the method of using data analysis
can be either a representation of to infer the characteristics of an
the whole or a sample of a underlying probability distribution
particular situation

Descriptive statistics summarize the characteristics of a data collection,

while inferential statistics allow you to test a hypothesis or decide if the
data is generalizable to the broader population.

b. Sample and population

Sample Population
particular group from which you entire group from which you want
will collect data to draw data

The population is the complete set containing all members of a specific

group, while the population subset representing the whole category is the
sample.

c. Parameter and statistics

Parameter Statistics
numbers that summarize data for numbers that summarize data for a
an entire population sample

The parameter represents the whole population, while statistics

summarize data from a sample.

d. Variable and constant

Variable Constant
value that does not changes over
value that changes over time
time

Variables change over time while constants cannot be modified.

e. Data and information

 Data Information
already processed data useful to
raw, unorganized facts
human beings

Data are raw facts without specific meaning while information is

organized and useful.

2. DEFINE AND COMPARE AND GIVE AT MOST TWO EXAMPLES FOR EACH
TERM.

a. Quantitative and qualitative variable

Quantitative Qualitative
not measurement variables or
values arise from the counting or
something derived from counting
measuring of something
or measuring
Examples:
Examples:
1. Paycheck amount
1. Gender
2. Weight
2. Religion

In quantitative variables, measurable quantities are involved, which

means that numbers are used. On the other hand, qualitative variables
are defined in terms of descriptions or descriptive phrases.
b. Discrete and continuous data
Discrete Continuous
count or frequency data
data taken by measurement
Examples:
1. Number of cars in parking Examples:
lot 1. Age
2. Number of computers in a 2. Time
lab

Discrete data contains concrete numbers and is calculated by counting,

while complex numbers are integrated into continuous data.

c. Independent and dependent variable

 Independent Dependent
variables whose variations do not variables whose variations depend
depend on another variable on another variable

Examples: Examples:
1. Brand of paper towel 1. Liquid absorbed
2. Amount of alcohol 2. Test score

In comparison to other factors, independent variables do not change,

whereas dependent variables are factors that are analyzed in terms of
how they change in relation to independent variables.

1. DEFINE AND GIVE AT MOST TWO EXAMPLES FOR EACH LEVEL OF

MEASUREMENT

a. Nominal – used only to classify the data

o Gender
o Religion

b. Ordinal – depicts some ordered relationship among the variable’s

observations
o Socio economic status
o Education level
c. Interval – not only classifies and orders the measurements, but it also
specifies that the distances between each interval on the scale are
equivalent along the scale from low interval to high interval
o Temperature
o IQ Test
d. Ratio – the observations, in addition to having equal intervals, can have a
value of zero as well
o Pulse
o Measurement of money