FRICATIVES &

AFFRICATES
 The Fricatives

 The flow of the air has no complete

obstruction, but it can flow continuously
through some narrow passages which
produces a hissing sound.
 The fricative sounds are also called
continuant sounds, since they can be
produced continuously without pauses as
long as we have enough breath in our
lung.
 There are several kinds of the fricatives
depending on the location of the narrow
passage.
 Labio-dental Fricatives
The upper teeth is almost against the lower lip.
Therefore, the narrow passage is between the
upper teeth and the lower lip.
Labio-dental Fricatives: /f/ /v/
 Dental Fricatives
The tongue is between the upper teeth and the
lower teeth. The narrow passage is between the
upper teeth and the tongue.
Dental Fricatives: /θ/ /ð/
 Alveolar Fricatives
The tongue is almost against the alveolar.
Therefore, the narrow passage is between the
tongue and the alveolar.
Alveolar Fricatives: /s/ /z/
 Post-alveolar Fricatives
The tongue is almost against the area between
the alveolar and the hard palate. Therefore, the
narrow passage is between the tongue and the
hard palate.
Post-alveolar Fricatives: /ʃ/ /Ʒ/
 Glottal Fricative
This is the only consonant where there is no obstruction at all
to the flow of the air from the lung to the oral cavity. It is
included in the fricative since the pharynx can be
considered as the narrow passage.
Glottal Fricative: /h/
 The Affricates

 The affricates start like the plosives and

end like the fricatives, which means that
at the beginning, there is a complete
obstruction to the flow of the air .
However, unlike the plosives, the flow of
the air is not released suddenly. Instead,
just like the fricatives, it is released slowly
through some narrow passages, which
will produce a hissing sound.
 There is one place of articulation for the
affricates, that is the post-alveolar.
 Post-alveolar Affricates
The tongue is against the area between the alveolar and
the hard palate firmly. Then, the tongue is moved
downward slowly which causes a narrow passage between
the tongue and the hard palate.
Post-alveolar Affricates: /ʧ/ /ʤ/
What are the names of
the following consonants?
 /s/ = voiceless alveolar fricative
 /θ/
 /b/
 /h/
 /ʧ/
 /d/
 /Ʒ/
 /k/
 /ð/
 /f/
Now please practice
drawing the diagram
showing the production of
the fricatives and
affricates!
Transcribe the following
words!
 Shade = / ʃ ei d/ Vase Fish
 Site Dove Disk
 Sheet Dive Dish
 Thick Though Tease
 Shop Zip Chop
 Thought Zoo Cheap
 Fake Bush Cheek
 Fight Buzz Catch
 Cough Bath Cheat
 Vet Shoot Jaw
 Judge Batch Path
 Beige Death Shot