SLAB TYPE RECTANGULAR COMBINED FOOTING

INPUT DATA
1) LOAD ON COLUMN ON A = 670 KN
2)LOAD ON COLUMN ON B = 670 KN
3)CENTRE TO CENTRE DIST. (L3) = 8 m
4)DIST. OF CENTRE OF COLUMN A
FROM PROPERTY LINE (L1) = 0.3 m
5)DIST. OF CENTRE OF COL. B = 0.3 m
5)SIZE OF COLUMN A
d1 = 450 mm
b1 = 300 mm
6)SIZE OF COLUMN B
d2 = 450 mm
b2 = 300 mm
7) BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL = 100 KN/mm2
8)STRENGTH OF CONCRETE fck = 20 N/mm2
9)STRENGTH OF STEEL fy = 415 N/mm2
10)WIDTH OF PEDESTRAL = 300 mm

LENGTH OF FOOTING = 8.6 m

WIDTH OF FOOTING = 1.65 m

P1 = 670 Kn P2 = 670 Kn

A B

L1 = 0.3 m L3= 8 M L2 = 0.3 m

8.6

4.3

Page 1 of 47
DESIGN :-
LENGTH AND WIDTH OF FOOTING:-

C.G. OF LOADS FROM PROPERTY LINE X = 4.3 m

WT. OF FOOTING & EARTH ABOVE (10%) = 67 KN

TOTAL LOAD ON EARTH = 670 + 670 + 67 = 1407 KN

FACTORED LOAD ON COL. A = 1.5 x 670 = 1005 KN

FACTORED LOAD ON COL. A = 1.5 x 670 = 1005 KN

NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE = (1005 + 1005) / (8.6 x 1.65) =

= 142 KN/m2

NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE PER UNIT LENGTH = 142 x 1.65 =

= 234.3 KN/m

B/2
C1 b1 C2
b2
B/2
d1 d2

L1 L2 L3

1005 / 0.45 = 1005 / 0.45 =

2233.34 KN/m. 2233.34 KN/m.

234.3 KN/m

A B C D E F G H J

Page 2 of 47
FACTORED SHEAR FORCE AT FOLLOWING POINTS:-

B= 234.3 x (0.3-0.225) = 17.5725 KN

DLEFT = 234.3 x 0.525 - 2233.34 x 0.45 = -881.993 KN

DRIGHT = -1 x -881.993 = 881.993 KN

F= -881.993 + 234.3 x 7.55 = 886.972 KN

HLEFT = 886.972 - 2233.34 x 0.45 + 234.3 x 0.45 = -12.593 KN

HRIGHT = -1 x -12.593 = 12.593 KN

SHEAR FORCE CHANGES SIGN AT C (BC) = 0.0088 m.

SHEAR FORCE CHANGES SIGN AT E (DE) = 3.5401 m.

SHEAR FORCE CHANGES SIGN AT G (FG) = 0.4438 m.

THE DISTANCE OF FOLLOWING POINTS FROM LEFT EDGE,m

B= 0.075 AB = 0.075

C= 0.0838 BC = 0.0088

D= 0.525 CD = 0.4438

E= 4.0651 DE = 3.5401

F= 8.075 EF = 4.0099

G= 8.5188 FG = 0.4438

H= 8.525 GH = 0.0062

Page 3 of 47
 BENDING MOMENT AT VARIOUS POINTS :-
(NEGATIVE SIGN INDIACATES HOGGING MOMENTS)

B= 0.658969 KN-m B (ABS) = 0.659

C= 0.736204 KN-m C (ABS) = 0.736

D= -193.836 KN-m D (ABS) = 193.836

E= -1848.02 KN-m E (ABS) = 1848.017

F= -175.036 KN-m F (ABS) = 175.036

G= 21.71381 KN-m G (ABS) = 21.714

H= 0.658969 KN-m H (ABS) = 0.659

MAXI. DESIGN MOMENT,Mumax = 1848.017 KN-m

REQUIRED THICKNESS FOR FOOTING,

WIDTH OF FOOTING b = 1650
Mumax = 0.138 fck b d2
1848.017 = 0.138 x 20 x 1650 x d^2

HENCE d= 700 mm.

CONSIDER EFFECTIVE COVER = 50 mm

OVERALL DEPTH D = 750 mm

MAIN NEGATIVE LONG. REINFORCEMENT (HOGGING MOMENTS):-

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0.5 f fffffff u
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Ast  j 1 @t 1 @ k B bd
fy f ck b d

Ast = 8664.435 mm2 % pt = 0.76

MINI.Ast = 0.85 x 1650 x 700 / 415

Page 4 of 47
 Ast (min) = 2365.663 mm2 % pt = 0.21

HENCE Ast PROVIDED = 8664.435 mm2

BAR DIA. AREA Ast reqd. BAR BAR PROVIDE SPACING UNIT WT TOTAL
(mm) (mm2) (mm2) REQD. PROVIDE Ast (mm2) (mm) c/c Kg/m WT. (kg)
12 113.1 8664.435 76.61 77 8708.7 22 0.889 547.63
16 201.07 8664.435 43.1 44 8847.08 39 1.581 556.52
20 314.16 8664.435 27.58 28 8796.48 60 2.47 553.28

HENCE PROVIDE # 28 - 20 mm BAR ( SPACING = 60 mm c/c )

MAIN NEGATIVE LONG. REINFORCEMENT (SAGGING MOMENTS):-

DESIGN MOMENT UNDER COLUMN A / COLUMN B = 193.836 KN-m

Ast = 778.216 mm2

Ast min = 2365.67 mm2

HENCE Ast PROVIDED = 2365.67 mm2

BAR DIA. AREA Ast reqd. BAR BAR PROVIDE SPACING UNIT WT TOTAL
(mm) (mm )
2
(mm )2
REQD. PROVIDE Ast (mm ) 2
(mm) c/c Kg/m WT. (kg)
12 113.1 2365.67 20.92 21 2375.1 79 0.889 149.36
16 201.07 2365.67 11.77 12 2412.84 141 1.581 151.78
20 314.16 2365.67 7.54 8 2513.28 220 2.47 158.08

HENCE PROVIDE # 8 - 20 mm BAR ( SPACING = 220 mm c/c )

Page 5 of 47
SLAB AND BEAM TYPE RECTANGULAR COMBINED FOOTING

INPUT DATA
1) LOAD ON COLUMN ON A = 1500 KN
2)LOAD ON COLUMN ON B = 1500 KN
3)CENTRE TO CENTRE DIST. (L3) = 3 m
4)DIST. OF CENTRE OF COL. A
FROM PROPERTY LINE (L1) = 1.5 m
5)DIST. OF CENTRE OF COL. B = 0.3 m
5)SIZE OF COLUMN A
d1 = 500 mm
b1 = 400 mm
6)SIZE OF COLUMN B
d2 = 500 mm
b2 = 400 mm
7) BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL = 120 KN/mm2
8)STRENGTH OF CONCRETE fck = 21 N/mm2
9)STRENGTH OF STEEL fy = 250 N/mm2
10)WIDTH OF PEDESTRAL = 300 mm
11)EFFECTIVE COVER = 75 mm
LENGTH OF FOOTING = 6 m
WIDTH OF FOOTING = 3 m

DESIGN :-
LENGTH AND WIDTH OF FOOTING:-

C.G. OF LOADS FROM PROPERTY LINE X = 3 m

WT. OF FOOTING & EARTH ABOVE (10%) = 300 kN

TOTAL WORKING LOAD = 1500 + 1500 + 300 = 3300 kN

REQD. AREA OF FOOTING = Af = TOTAL LOAD / SBC = 3300 / 120

Af = 27.5 m2

LET THE WIDTH OF FOOTING Bf = 3 m.

REQD. LENGTH OF FOOTING Lf = 27.5 / 3
Lf = 9.2 m
HENCE PROVIDE FOOTING SIZE 9.2m X 3m, AREA Af = 27.6 sq.m

FOR UNIFORM PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION THE C.G. OF THE FOOTING SHOULD

COINCIDE WITH THE C.G. OF COLUMN LOADS. LET " x " BE THE DISTANCE OF
C.G. FROM THE CENTRE LINE OF COLUMN A.
THEN x = ( P2 x 3 ) / (P1 + P2) = (1500 x 3) / (1500 + 1500)

x= 1.5 m. FROM COLUMN A

IF THE CANTILEVER PROJECTION OF FOOTING BEYOND COLUMN A IS 'a',

THEN, (a + 1.5) = Lf / 2 = 9.2 / 2
HENCE a= 3.1 m

Page 6 of 47
Page 7 of 47
SIMILARLY IF THE CANTILEVER PROJECTION OF FOOTING BEYOND B IS 'b'

THEN, b + (3 - 1.5 ) = Lf / 2 = 4.6 m.

HENCE b= 3.1 m

THE DETAILS ARE SHOWN IN FIGURE,

P1 = 1500 kN P2 = 1500 kN

A B

L1 = 3.1 m L3= 3 m L2 = 3.1 m

9.2

4.6

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF COMBINED FOOTING

RECTANGULAR FOOTING WITH CENTRAL BEAM :-

DESIGN OF BOTTOM SLAB:-

FACTORED LOAD ON COL. A = 1.5 x 1500 = 2250 KN

FACTORED LOAD ON COL. A = 1.5 x 1500 = 2250 KN

NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE = (2250 + 2250) / (6 x 3) = 250

NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE PER UNIT LENGTH = 250 x 3 = 750

Page 8 of 47
B/2
C1 b1 C2
b2
B/2
d1 d2

L1 L2 L3

2250 / 0.5 = 2250 / 0.5 =

4500 KN/m. 4500 KN/m.

750 KN/m

DESIGN OF SLAB :-

INTENSITY OF UPWARD PRESSURE = Wu = 250 KN/m2

CONSIDER ONE METER WIDTH IF THE SLAB (b = 1 m)

LOAD PER m. RUN OF SLAB AT ULTIMATE = 250 x 1

= 250 KN/m.

CANTILEVER PROJECTION OF THE SLAB (FOR SMALLER COLUMN)

= 1500 - 400 / 2
= 1300 mm
MAXIMUM ULTIMATE MOMENT = 250 x 1.3 ^2 / 2 = 211.25

1.5 m. Mu lim = 0.149 fck b d^2

0.4 m.
HENCE DEPTH d = 260 mm

1.3 m. SINCE THE SLAB IS IN CONTACT WITH THE SOIL

CLEAR COVER OF 50 mm IS ASSUMED.

1m. USING 20 mm DIAMETER BARS

pu = 250 KN/m2
REQD. TOTAL DEPTH D = 400 mm
HENCE, EFF. DEPTH d = 340 mm

REINFORCEMENT IN SLAB:-
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0.5 f ck l u 4.6M u m
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Ast  fffffffffffffffffffff
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2

Ast = 3221.46 mm2 % pt =

Page 9 of 47
 MINI.Ast = 0.85 x 1000 x 340 / 250

Ast (min) = 1156 mm2 % pt =

HENCE Ast PROVIDED = 3221.46 mm2

BAR DIA. AREA Ast reqd. BAR BAR PROVIDE SPACING UNIT WT
(mm) (mm )2
(mm )/m.
2
REQD. PROVIDE Ast (mm )2
(mm) c/c Kg/m
12 113.1 3221.46 28.49 29 3279.9 35 0.889
12 113.1 3221.46 28.49 29 3279.9 35 0.889
12 113.1 3221.46 28.49 29 3279.9 35 0.889

HENCE PROVIDE # 172 - 12 mm BAR (SPACING = 35 c/c )

CHECK THE DEPTH FOR ONE-WAY SHEAR CONSIDERATIONS

AT DISTANCE 'd' FROM FACE OF COLUMN:-

340

B/2
C1 b1 C2
b2
B/2
d1 d2
L1 L2 L3

DESIGN SHEAR FORCE = Vu = 250 x (1.3 - 0.34)

HENCE Vu = 240 KN

NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS τv = Vu / b*d = 240000/ ( 1000 x 340)

τv = 0.71 Mpa

PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS % pt = 0.97

HENCE FROM IS:456,TABLE-19,
PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS τc = #VALUE!

VALUE OF 'k' FOR 400 mm THICK SLAB = #N/A

#VALUE! #N/A

#N/A
CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:-

AS PER IS:456, THE DEVELOPMENT LENGTH Ld IS GIVEN BY,


Ld  fffffffffffsfff
4 bd

Page 10 of 47
 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH Ld = #N/A mm

AVAILABLE LENGTH OF BAR = 1300 - 25 = 1275 mm

#N/A
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT:-

REQUIRED Ast = 0.15 x 1000 x 400 / 100 = 600 mm2 / m.

BAR DIA. AREA Ast reqd. BAR BAR PROVIDE SPACING UNIT WT
(mm) (mm2) (mm2)/m. REQD. PROVIDE Ast (mm2) (mm) c/c Kg/m
10 78.54 600 7.64 8 628.32 130 0.618

HENCE PROVIDE 10 mm BARS AT 130 mm c/c

DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL BEAM:-

LOAD FROM THE SLAB WILL BE TRANSFERRED TO THE BEAM.
AS THE WIDTH IF THE FOOTING IS 2 m, THE NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE
PER METER LENGTH OF THE BEAM Wu = 250 x 3 = 750 KN/m.

2250 KN 2250 KN
3 m.
C E
A B
3.1 m. 750 KN/m. 3.1

SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT

S.F.@ AL = 2325 KN POINT OF ZERO S.F. FROM LEFT END C,
S.F.@ AR = 75 KN X1 = 2250 / 750 = 3 m.FROM C OR
S.F.@ BL = 2325 KN X2 = 2250 / 750 = 3 m.FROM D
S.F.@ BR =75 KN
MAXIMUM B.M. OCCURS AT A DISTANCE OF 3 m.FROM D

MuE = 750 x 3 ^2 / 2 - 2250 ( 3 - 3.1 ) = 3600

B.M. UNDER COLUMN A, MuA = 750 x 3.1 ^2 / 2 = 3603.75

B.M. UNDER COLUMN B, MuB = 750 x 3.1 ^2 / 2 = 3603.75

LET THE POINT OF CONTRA FLEXTURE BE AT A DISTANCE x FROM

THE CENTRE OF COLUMN A THEN,
Mx = 2250x - 750 (x + 3.1 )^2 / 2 = 0
THEREFORE x = Err:502 m. and Err:502 m. FROM COLUMN A
i.e. Err:502 m. FROM B.
DEPTH OF BEAM FROM B.M.:-
THE WIDTH OF BEAM IS KEPT EQUAL TO THE MAXI. WIDTH
OF THE COLUMN i.e. 400 DETERMINE THE DEPTH OF THE BEAM
WHERE T-BEAM ACTION IS NOT AVAILABLE.THE BEAM ACTS AS A
RECTANGULAR SECTION IN THE CANTILEVER PORTION,

Page 11 of 47
 WHERE THE MAXIMUM POSITIVE MOMENT = 3603.75 KN-m.

HENCE EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF BEAM deff = 1700 mm

ASSUMING TWO ROWS OF BARS WITH EFFECTIVE COVER OF 75 mm

TOTAL DEPTH OF BEAM D = 1775 mm 1775

AND EFF. DEPTH d = 1700 mm

THE HEAVIER COLUMN CAN PUNCH THROUGH THE FOOTING ONLY IF IT SHEARS
AGAINST THE DEPTH OF THE BEAM ALONG ITS TWP OPPOSITE EDGES, AND ALONG
THE DEPTH OF THE SLAB ON THE REMAINING TWO EDGES. THE CRITICAL S/C FOR
TWO-WAY SHEAR IS TAKEN AT DIST, d/2 (i.e.1700 / 2mm )FROM THE FACE OF THE COL.
THEREFORE, THE CRITICAL S/C WILL BE TAKEN AT A DISTANCE HALF THE EFFE.
DEPTH OF THE SLAB (ds/2) ON THE OTHER SIDE AS SHOWN IN FIG.

COLUMN DIMENSION BEAM & SLAB EFF. DEPTH

b= 400 mm BEAM db = 1700
d= 500 mm SLAB d s
= 340

AREA RESISTING TWO WAY SHEAR

= 2(b x db + ds x ds) + 2( D + db ) ds
= 2 x (400 x 1700 + 340 x 340 ) + 2 ( 500 + 1700 ) x 340
AREA RESISTING TWO WAY SHEAR = 3087200 mm2

DESIGN SHEAR Pud = COLUMN LOAD - Wu x AREA AT CRITICAL SECTION

Pud = 2250 - 250 x (b + ds) x (D + db )
= 2250 - 250 x (0.4 + 0.34) x ( 0.5 + 1.7)
Pud = 1843 KN

τv = Pud / b0 d = 1843 x 1000 / 3087200

τv = 0.6 Mpa

SHEAR STRESS RESISTED BY CONCRETE = τuc = τuc Ks

τuc = 0.25 x ( fck )^ 0.5 = 0.25 x (21)^0.5 = 1.15 N/mm2

Page 12 of 47
 Ks = 0.5 + b / D = 0.5 + 400 / 500 = 1.3 > 1

HENCE, Ks = 1

τuc = 1.15 x 1 = 1.15 N/mm2

----- HENCE DEPTH IS SUFFICIENT

INCREASED DEPTH OF BEAM Db = 800 mm

AND EFF. DEPTH d = 725 mm

AREA RESISTING TWO WAY SHEAR = 2(b x db + ds x ds) + 2( D + db ) ds

= 2 x (400 x 725 + 340 x 340 ) + 2 ( 500 + 725 ) x 340

AREA RESISTING TWO WAY SHEAR= 1644200 mm2

DESIGN SHEAR Pud = 2250 - 250 x (0.4 + 0.34) x ( 0.5 + 0.725)

Pud = 2023.375 KN

τv = 1.13 Mpa

τuc = 1.15 Mpa

----- HENCE DEPTH IS SUFFICIENT

AREA OF STEEL : CANTILEVER PORTION BD:-

500 500

C 3100 A 3000 B 3100 D

750 KN/m

LENGTH OF CANTILEVER FROM THE FACE OF COLUMN = 3100 - 500 / 2

= 2850 mm

ULTIMATE MOMENT AT THE FACE OF THE COLUMN = 750 x 2.85 x 2.85 / 2

= 3045.94 KN-m
Mumax = 0.149 x 21 x 500 x 1700 ^ 2

Mumax = 4521.41 KN-m

HENCE 4521.41 KN-m > 3045.94 KN-m

Page 13 of 47
 HENCE 4521.41 KN-m > 3045.94 KN-m S/C IS SINGLY REINFORCED
Mu / bd2 = 2.7 N/mm2

HENCE % pt = 0

Ast = 0 mm2

MINI.Ast = 0.85 x 500 x 1700 / 250

Ast (min) = 2890 mm2 %pt = 0.34

HENCE Ast PROVIDED = 2890 mm2

BAR DIA. AREA Ast reqd. BAR BAR PROVIDE UNIT WT TOTAL
(mm) (mm )
2
(mm )2
REQD. PROVIDE Ast (mm )2
Kg/m WT. (kg)
16 201.07 2890 14.38 15 3016.05 1.581

HENCE PROVIDE # 15 - 16 mm BAR AT BOTTOM FACE

CURTAILMENT:-
All bottom bars will be continued up to the end of cantilever. the bottom bars of 4 - 16 will be
Err:502
Err:502

CANTILEVER PORTION AC

LENGTH OF CANTILEVER FROM THE FACE OF COLUMN = 3100 - 500 / 2 = 2850

ULTIMATE MOMENT = 750 x 2.85 ^2 / 2 = 3045.94

Mu / bd2 = 2.7 N/mm2

HENCE % pt = 0

Ast = 0 mm2

Ast (min) = 2890 mm2 %pt = 0.34

HENCE Ast PROVIDED = 2890 mm2

BAR DIA. AREA Ast reqd. BAR BAR PROVIDE UNIT WT TOTAL
(mm) (mm )
2
(mm )2
REQD. PROVIDE Ast (mm )2
Kg/m WT. (kg)
16 201.07 2890 14.38 15 3016.05 1.581

HENCE PROVIDE # 15 - 16 mm BAR AT BOTTOM FACE

REGION AB BETWEEN POINTS OF CONTRAFLEXURES:-

Page 14 of 47
 THE BEAM ACTS AS AN ISOLATED T-BEAM.

bf = [L0 / (L0 / b + 4)] + bw ------CL.23.1.2 IS:456-2000

L0 = Err:502 Err:502 mm
b = ACTUAL WIDTH OF FLANGE = 3000 mm
bw = WIDTH OF BEAM = 400 mm

bf = Err:502

bf = Err:502 Err:502 3000 mm

Df = DEPTH OF SLAB = 400 mm
Mumax = 3600 KN-m

MOMENT OF RESISTANCE Muf of A BEAM FOR Xu = Df is,

Muf = Err:502

Muf = Err:502 KN-m Err:502 Mumax = 3600 KN-m

Err:502
Ast = Err:502 mm2

BAR DIA. AREA Ast reqd. BAR BAR PROVIDE UNIT WT TOTAL
(mm) (mm )2
(mm ) 2
REQD. PROVIDE Ast (mm )2
Kg/m WT. (kg)
20 314.16 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 2.47

Err:502

CURTAILMENT:-

CONSIDER THAT 3 20 mm ARE TO BE CURTAILED

Nos. OF BARS TO BE CONTINUED = Err:502 20 Ast = Err:502

MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF CONTINUING BARS

Mur = Err:502

Mur = Err:502 KN-m

LET THE THEOROTICAL POINT OF CONTRAFLEXURE BE AT A DISTANCE " X " FROM
THE FREE END " C ".
THEN, Muc = Mur,
Err:502

Err:502
THEREFORE x = Err:502 m. OR Err:502 m. FROM C

Err:502 Err:502 m from C

Err:502 Err:502 m from C

Err:502
Page 15 of 47
 Err:502
Err:502
and continued in the cantilever portion.

DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:-

PORTION BETWEEN COLUMN i.e. AB

In this case the crack due to diagonal tension will occur at the point of contra flexure because the
distance of the point of contra flexure from the column is less than the effective depth d ( = 1700 mm )

(i) Maximum Shear force at B, Vmax = 2325 kN

SHEAR AT THE POINT OF CONTRAFLEXURE IS

Vud = Err:502

Vud = Err:502 kN

τv = Err:502

τv = Err:502 Mpa
Err:502 τcmax = #N/A Mpa
Err:502

Ast = Err:502 mm2 % pt = Err:502

HENCE τc = #VALUE! Mpa

τv Err:502 τc
Err:502

USING 10 mm DIA. 4 LEGGED STIRRUPS,

Err:502 Err:502 mm c/c

(ii) Maximum Shear force at A, Vmax = 75 kN

SHEAR AT THE POINT OF CONTRAFLEXURE IS

Vud = Err:502
Vud = Err:502 kN

τv = Err:502
τv = Err:502 Mpa Err:502 τcmax = #N/A

Err:502

Ast = Err:502 mm2 % pt = Err:502

HENCE τc = #VALUE! Mpa

τv Err:502 τc
Err:502

Page 16 of 47
 USING 10 mm DIA. 4 LEGGED STIRRUPS,

Err:502 Err:502 mm c/c

FOR THE REMAINING CENTRAL PORTION PROVIDE MINI. SHEAR REINFORCEMENT.

(Cl.26.5.1.6 AS PER IS:456-2000)

USING 8 mm DIA. 2 LEGGED STIRRUPS AT,

SPACING = [ 0.87 x 250 x ( 2 x 50.3)] / ( 0.4 x 400)= 130 mm c/c

HENCE PROVIDE 2 LEGGED 8 mm DIA. AT 130 mm C/C AS NOMINAL SHEAR R/F.

CANTILEVER PORTION BD :-
Vumax = 2325 kN

VuD = Err:502

VuD = Err:502 kN

τv = Err:502

τv = Err:502 Mpa Err:502 τcmax = #N/A

Ast = 3016.05 mm2 & % pt = 0.45

HENCE τc = #VALUE! Mpa

τv Err:502 τc AND τv - τc Err:502 0.4

Err:502

USING 8 mm DIA. 2 LEGGED STIRRUPS AT,

SPACING = [ 0.87 x 250 x ( 2 x 50.3)] / ( 0.4 x 400)= 130 mm c/c

HENCE PROVIDE 2 LEGGED 8 mm DIA. AT 130 mm C/C AS NOMINAL SHEAR R/F.

CANTILEVER PORTION AC :-

PROVIDE 2 LEGGED 8 mm DIA. AT 130 mm C/C AS NOMINAL SHEAR R/F.

Page 17 of 47
Page 18 of 47
6000 mm

Page 19 of 47
Page 20 of 47
Page 21 of 47
KN/m2

KN/m

Page 22 of 47
KN-m.

STEEL
###
###
###

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0.5 f ckfflf u
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Ast  ffffffffffffffffff j 1 @t 1 @
fffffffffffffffffffuffffm
k B bd
fy f ck b d

0.95
Page 23 of 47
 0.34

TOTAL
WT. (kg)
458.73
458.73
458.73

Mpa
k

N/mm2

GRADE
τbd

Page 24 of 47
 TOTAL
WT. (kg)
89

FROM C OR

KN-m.

KN-m.

KN-m.
a=
b=
c=

x1 =
x2 =

Page 25 of 47
EFF. DEPTH
mm
mm

Page 26 of 47
SUFFICIENT

SUFFICIENT

Page 27 of 47
KN-m

Page 28 of 47
mm2

a=
b=
c=

x1 =
x2 =

Page 29 of 47
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS τcmax (N/mm2)
CONCRETE
τcmax =

Mpa

Page 30 of 47
Mpa

Page 31 of 47
Page 32 of 47
3000 mm

Page 33 of 47
 DESIGN SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE Tc N/mm2
% pt M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 & ABOVE
0 15 20 25 30 35 40
0.15 0.280 0.280 0.290 0.290 0.290 0.300
0.16 0.287 0.288 0.297 0.298 0.298 0.308
0.17 0.294 0.296 0.304 0.306 0.306 0.316
0.18 0.301 0.304 0.311 0.314 0.314 0.324
0.19 0.308 0.312 0.318 0.322 0.322 0.332
0.2 0.315 0.320 0.325 0.330 0.330 0.340
0.21 0.322 0.328 0.332 0.338 0.338 0.348
0.22 0.329 0.336 0.339 0.346 0.346 0.356
0.23 0.336 0.344 0.346 0.354 0.354 0.364
0.24 0.343 0.352 0.353 0.362 0.362 0.372
0.25 0.350 0.360 0.360 0.370 0.370 0.380
0.26 0.354 0.365 0.365 0.375 0.375 0.385
0.27 0.359 0.370 0.370 0.380 0.380 0.390
0.28 0.363 0.374 0.376 0.386 0.386 0.396
0.29 0.368 0.379 0.381 0.391 0.391 0.401
0.3 0.372 0.384 0.386 0.396 0.396 0.406
0.31 0.376 0.389 0.391 0.401 0.401 0.411
0.32 0.381 0.394 0.396 0.406 0.406 0.416
0.33 0.385 0.398 0.402 0.412 0.412 0.422
0.34 0.390 0.403 0.407 0.417 0.417 0.427
0.35 0.394 0.408 0.412 0.422 0.422 0.432
0.36 0.398 0.413 0.417 0.427 0.427 0.437
0.37 0.403 0.418 0.422 0.432 0.432 0.442
0.38 0.407 0.422 0.428 0.438 0.438 0.448
0.39 0.412 0.427 0.433 0.443 0.443 0.453
0.4 0.416 0.432 0.438 0.448 0.448 0.458
0.41 0.420 0.437 0.443 0.453 0.453 0.463
0.42 0.425 0.442 0.448 0.458 0.458 0.468
0.43 0.429 0.446 0.454 0.464 0.464 0.474
0.44 0.434 0.451 0.459 0.469 0.469 0.479
0.45 0.438 0.456 0.464 0.474 0.474 0.484
0.46 0.442 0.461 0.469 0.479 0.479 0.489
0.47 0.447 0.466 0.474 0.484 0.484 0.494
0.48 0.451 0.470 0.480 0.490 0.490 0.500
0.49 0.456 0.475 0.485 0.495 0.495 0.505
0.5 0.460 0.480 0.490 0.500 0.500 0.510
0.51 0.463 0.483 0.493 0.504 0.504 0.514
0.52 0.466 0.486 0.496 0.507 0.507 0.517
0.53 0.470 0.490 0.500 0.511 0.511 0.521
0.54 0.473 0.493 0.503 0.514 0.514 0.524
0.55 0.476 0.496 0.506 0.518 0.518 0.528
0.56 0.479 0.499 0.509 0.522 0.522 0.532
0.57 0.482 0.502 0.512 0.525 0.525 0.535
0.58 0.486 0.506 0.516 0.529 0.529 0.539
0.59 0.489 0.509 0.519 0.532 0.532 0.542
0.6 0.492 0.512 0.522 0.536 0.536 0.546
0.61 0.495 0.515 0.525 0.540 0.540 0.550
0.62 0.498 0.518 0.528 0.543 0.543 0.553
0.63 0.502 0.522 0.532 0.547 0.547 0.557
0.64 0.505 0.525 0.535 0.550 0.550 0.560
0.65 0.508 0.528 0.538 0.554 0.554 0.564
0.66 0.511 0.531 0.541 0.558 0.558 0.568
0.67 0.514 0.534 0.544 0.561 0.561 0.571
0.68 0.518 0.538 0.548 0.565 0.565 0.575
0.69 0.521 0.541 0.551 0.568 0.568 0.578
0.7 0.524 0.544 0.554 0.572 0.572 0.582
0.71 0.527 0.547 0.557 0.576 0.576 0.586
0.72 0.530 0.550 0.560 0.579 0.579 0.589
0.73 0.534 0.554 0.564 0.583 0.583 0.593
0.74 0.537 0.557 0.567 0.586 0.586 0.596
0.75 0.540 0.560 0.570 0.590 0.590 0.600
0.76 0.542 0.562 0.573 0.593 0.593 0.603
0.77 0.545 0.565 0.576 0.596 0.596 0.606
0.78 0.547 0.567 0.578 0.598 0.600 0.610
0.79 0.550 0.570 0.581 0.601 0.603 0.613
0.8 0.552 0.572 0.584 0.604 0.606 0.616
0.81 0.554 0.574 0.587 0.607 0.609 0.619
0.82 0.557 0.577 0.590 0.610 0.612 0.622
0.83 0.559 0.579 0.592 0.612 0.616 0.626
0.84 0.562 0.582 0.595 0.615 0.619 0.629
0.85 0.564 0.584 0.598 0.618 0.622 0.632
0.86 0.566 0.586 0.601 0.621 0.625 0.635
0.87 0.569 0.589 0.604 0.624 0.628 0.638
0.88 0.571 0.591 0.606 0.626 0.632 0.642
0.89 0.574 0.594 0.609 0.629 0.635 0.645
0.9 0.576 0.596 0.612 0.632 0.638 0.648
0.91 0.578 0.598 0.615 0.635 0.641 0.651
0.92 0.581 0.601 0.618 0.638 0.644 0.654
0.93 0.583 0.603 0.620 0.640 0.648 0.658
0.94 0.586 0.606 0.623 0.643 0.651 0.661
0.95 0.588 0.608 0.626 0.646 0.654 0.664
0.96 0.590 0.610 0.629 0.649 0.657 0.667
0.97 0.593 0.613 0.632 0.652 0.660 0.670
0.98 0.595 0.615 0.634 0.654 0.664 0.674
0.99 0.598 0.618 0.637 0.657 0.667 0.677
1 0.600 0.620 0.640 0.660 0.670 0.680
1.01 0.602 0.622 0.642 0.662 0.672 0.682
1.02 0.603 0.624 0.645 0.664 0.675 0.685
1.03 0.605 0.626 0.647 0.666 0.677 0.687
1.04 0.606 0.628 0.650 0.668 0.680 0.690
1.05 0.608 0.630 0.652 0.670 0.682 0.692
1.06 0.610 0.632 0.654 0.672 0.684 0.694
1.07 0.611 0.634 0.657 0.674 0.687 0.697
1.08 0.613 0.636 0.659 0.676 0.689 0.699
1.09 0.614 0.638 0.662 0.678 0.692 0.702
1.1 0.616 0.640 0.664 0.680 0.694 0.704
1.11 0.618 0.642 0.666 0.682 0.696 0.706
1.12 0.619 0.644 0.669 0.684 0.699 0.709
1.13 0.621 0.646 0.671 0.686 0.701 0.711
1.14 0.622 0.648 0.674 0.688 0.704 0.714
1.15 0.624 0.650 0.676 0.690 0.706 0.716
1.16 0.626 0.652 0.678 0.692 0.708 0.718
1.17 0.627 0.654 0.681 0.694 0.711 0.721
1.18 0.629 0.656 0.683 0.696 0.713 0.723
1.19 0.630 0.658 0.686 0.698 0.716 0.726
1.2 0.632 0.660 0.688 0.700 0.718 0.728
1.21 0.634 0.662 0.690 0.702 0.720 0.730
1.22 0.635 0.664 0.693 0.704 0.723 0.733
1.23 0.637 0.666 0.695 0.706 0.725 0.735
1.24 0.638 0.668 0.698 0.708 0.728 0.738
1.25 0.640 0.670 0.700 0.710 0.730 0.740
1.26 0.642 0.672 0.702 0.712 0.732 0.742
1.27 0.643 0.674 0.703 0.714 0.734 0.744
1.28 0.645 0.676 0.705 0.716 0.736 0.746
1.29 0.646 0.678 0.706 0.718 0.738 0.748
1.3 0.648 0.680 0.708 0.720 0.740 0.750
1.31 0.650 0.682 0.710 0.722 0.742 0.752
1.32 0.651 0.684 0.711 0.724 0.744 0.754
1.33 0.653 0.686 0.713 0.726 0.746 0.756
1.34 0.654 0.688 0.714 0.728 0.748 0.758
1.35 0.656 0.690 0.716 0.730 0.750 0.760
1.36 0.658 0.692 0.718 0.732 0.752 0.762
1.37 0.659 0.694 0.719 0.734 0.754 0.764
1.38 0.661 0.696 0.721 0.736 0.756 0.766
1.39 0.662 0.698 0.722 0.738 0.758 0.768
1.4 0.664 0.700 0.724 0.740 0.760 0.770
1.41 0.666 0.702 0.726 0.742 0.762 0.772
1.42 0.667 0.704 0.727 0.744 0.764 0.774
1.43 0.669 0.706 0.729 0.746 0.766 0.776
1.44 0.670 0.708 0.730 0.748 0.768 0.778
1.45 0.672 0.710 0.732 0.750 0.770 0.780
1.46 0.674 0.712 0.734 0.752 0.772 0.782
1.47 0.675 0.714 0.735 0.754 0.774 0.784
1.48 0.677 0.716 0.737 0.756 0.776 0.786
1.49 0.678 0.718 0.738 0.758 0.778 0.788
1.5 0.680 0.720 0.740 0.760 0.780 0.790
1.51 0.681 0.721 0.742 0.762 0.782 0.792
1.52 0.682 0.722 0.743 0.763 0.783 0.794
1.53 0.684 0.724 0.745 0.765 0.785 0.796
1.54 0.685 0.725 0.746 0.766 0.786 0.798
1.55 0.686 0.726 0.748 0.768 0.788 0.800
1.56 0.687 0.727 0.750 0.770 0.790 0.802
1.57 0.688 0.728 0.751 0.771 0.791 0.804
1.58 0.690 0.730 0.753 0.773 0.793 0.806
1.59 0.691 0.731 0.754 0.774 0.794 0.808
1.6 0.692 0.732 0.756 0.776 0.796 0.810
1.61 0.693 0.733 0.758 0.778 0.798 0.812
1.62 0.694 0.734 0.759 0.779 0.799 0.814
1.63 0.696 0.736 0.761 0.781 0.801 0.816
1.64 0.697 0.737 0.762 0.782 0.802 0.818
1.65 0.698 0.738 0.764 0.784 0.804 0.820
1.66 0.699 0.739 0.766 0.786 0.806 0.822
1.67 0.700 0.740 0.767 0.787 0.807 0.824
1.68 0.702 0.742 0.769 0.789 0.809 0.826
1.69 0.703 0.743 0.770 0.790 0.810 0.828
1.7 0.704 0.744 0.772 0.792 0.812 0.830
1.71 0.705 0.745 0.774 0.794 0.814 0.832
1.72 0.706 0.746 0.775 0.795 0.815 0.834
1.73 0.708 0.748 0.777 0.797 0.817 0.836
1.74 0.709 0.749 0.778 0.798 0.818 0.838
1.75 0.710 0.750 0.780 0.800 0.820 0.840
1.76 0.710 0.752 0.782 0.802 0.822 0.842
1.77 0.710 0.753 0.783 0.803 0.823 0.843
1.78 0.710 0.755 0.785 0.805 0.825 0.845
1.79 0.710 0.756 0.786 0.806 0.826 0.846
1.8 0.710 0.758 0.788 0.808 0.828 0.848
1.81 0.710 0.760 0.790 0.810 0.830 0.850
1.82 0.710 0.761 0.791 0.811 0.831 0.851
1.83 0.710 0.763 0.793 0.813 0.833 0.853
1.84 0.710 0.764 0.794 0.814 0.834 0.854
1.85 0.710 0.766 0.796 0.816 0.836 0.856
1.86 0.710 0.768 0.798 0.818 0.838 0.858
1.87 0.710 0.769 0.799 0.819 0.839 0.859
1.88 0.710 0.771 0.801 0.821 0.841 0.861
1.89 0.710 0.772 0.802 0.822 0.842 0.862
1.9 0.710 0.774 0.804 0.824 0.844 0.864
1.91 0.710 0.776 0.806 0.826 0.846 0.866
1.92 0.710 0.777 0.807 0.827 0.847 0.867
1.93 0.710 0.779 0.809 0.829 0.849 0.869
1.94 0.710 0.780 0.810 0.830 0.850 0.870
1.95 0.710 0.782 0.812 0.832 0.852 0.872
1.96 0.710 0.784 0.814 0.834 0.854 0.874
1.97 0.710 0.785 0.815 0.835 0.855 0.875
1.98 0.710 0.787 0.817 0.837 0.857 0.877
1.99 0.710 0.788 0.818 0.838 0.858 0.878
2 0.710 0.790 0.820 0.840 0.860 0.880
2.01 0.710 0.791 0.821 0.842 0.862 0.882
2.02 0.710 0.792 0.822 0.843 0.863 0.883
2.03 0.710 0.792 0.824 0.845 0.865 0.885
2.04 0.710 0.793 0.825 0.846 0.866 0.886
2.05 0.710 0.794 0.826 0.848 0.868 0.888
2.06 0.710 0.795 0.827 0.850 0.870 0.890
2.07 0.710 0.796 0.828 0.851 0.871 0.891
2.08 0.710 0.796 0.830 0.853 0.873 0.893
2.09 0.710 0.797 0.831 0.854 0.874 0.894
2.1 0.710 0.798 0.832 0.856 0.876 0.896
2.11 0.710 0.799 0.833 0.858 0.878 0.898
2.12 0.710 0.800 0.834 0.859 0.879 0.899
2.13 0.710 0.800 0.836 0.861 0.881 0.901
2.14 0.710 0.801 0.837 0.862 0.882 0.902
2.15 0.710 0.802 0.838 0.864 0.884 0.904
2.16 0.710 0.803 0.839 0.866 0.886 0.906
2.17 0.710 0.804 0.840 0.867 0.887 0.907
2.18 0.710 0.804 0.842 0.869 0.889 0.909
2.19 0.710 0.805 0.843 0.870 0.890 0.910
2.2 0.710 0.806 0.844 0.872 0.892 0.912
2.21 0.710 0.807 0.845 0.874 0.894 0.914
2.22 0.710 0.808 0.846 0.875 0.895 0.915
2.23 0.710 0.808 0.848 0.877 0.897 0.917
2.24 0.710 0.809 0.849 0.878 0.898 0.918
2.25 0.710 0.810 0.850 0.880 0.900 0.920
2.26 0.710 0.810 0.851 0.881 0.901 0.921
2.27 0.710 0.811 0.852 0.882 0.902 0.922
2.28 0.710 0.811 0.854 0.884 0.904 0.924
2.29 0.710 0.812 0.855 0.885 0.905 0.925
2.3 0.710 0.812 0.856 0.886 0.906 0.926
2.31 0.710 0.812 0.857 0.887 0.907 0.927
2.32 0.710 0.813 0.858 0.888 0.908 0.928
2.33 0.710 0.813 0.860 0.890 0.910 0.930
2.34 0.710 0.814 0.861 0.891 0.911 0.931
2.35 0.710 0.814 0.862 0.892 0.912 0.932
2.36 0.710 0.814 0.863 0.893 0.913 0.933
2.37 0.710 0.815 0.864 0.894 0.914 0.934
2.38 0.710 0.815 0.866 0.896 0.916 0.936
2.39 0.710 0.816 0.867 0.897 0.917 0.937
2.4 0.710 0.816 0.868 0.898 0.918 0.938
2.41 0.710 0.816 0.869 0.899 0.919 0.939
2.42 0.710 0.817 0.870 0.900 0.920 0.940
2.43 0.710 0.817 0.872 0.902 0.922 0.942
2.44 0.710 0.818 0.873 0.903 0.923 0.943
2.45 0.710 0.818 0.874 0.904 0.924 0.944
2.46 0.710 0.818 0.875 0.905 0.925 0.945
2.47 0.710 0.819 0.876 0.906 0.926 0.946
2.48 0.710 0.819 0.878 0.908 0.928 0.948
2.49 0.710 0.820 0.879 0.909 0.929 0.949
2.5 0.710 0.820 0.880 0.910 0.930 0.950
2.51 0.710 0.820 0.881 0.911 0.931 0.951
2.52 0.710 0.820 0.882 0.912 0.932 0.952
2.53 0.710 0.820 0.882 0.914 0.934 0.954
2.54 0.710 0.820 0.883 0.915 0.935 0.955
2.55 0.710 0.820 0.884 0.916 0.936 0.956
2.56 0.710 0.820 0.885 0.917 0.937 0.957
2.57 0.710 0.820 0.886 0.918 0.938 0.958
2.58 0.710 0.820 0.886 0.920 0.940 0.960
2.59 0.710 0.820 0.887 0.921 0.941 0.961
2.6 0.710 0.820 0.888 0.922 0.942 0.962
2.61 0.710 0.820 0.889 0.923 0.943 0.963
2.62 0.710 0.820 0.890 0.924 0.944 0.964
2.63 0.710 0.820 0.890 0.926 0.946 0.966
2.64 0.710 0.820 0.891 0.927 0.947 0.967
2.65 0.710 0.820 0.892 0.928 0.948 0.968
2.66 0.710 0.820 0.893 0.929 0.949 0.969
2.67 0.710 0.820 0.894 0.930 0.950 0.970
2.68 0.710 0.820 0.894 0.932 0.952 0.972
2.69 0.710 0.820 0.895 0.933 0.953 0.973
2.7 0.710 0.820 0.896 0.934 0.954 0.974
2.71 0.710 0.820 0.897 0.935 0.955 0.975
2.72 0.710 0.820 0.898 0.936 0.956 0.976
2.73 0.710 0.820 0.898 0.938 0.958 0.978
2.74 0.710 0.820 0.899 0.939 0.959 0.979
2.75 0.710 0.820 0.900 0.940 0.960 0.980
2.76 0.710 0.820 0.901 0.941 0.961 0.981
2.77 0.710 0.820 0.902 0.942 0.962 0.982
2.78 0.710 0.820 0.902 0.942 0.964 0.984
2.79 0.710 0.820 0.903 0.943 0.965 0.985
2.8 0.710 0.820 0.904 0.944 0.966 0.986
2.81 0.710 0.820 0.905 0.945 0.967 0.987
2.82 0.710 0.820 0.906 0.946 0.968 0.988
2.83 0.710 0.820 0.906 0.946 0.970 0.990
2.84 0.710 0.820 0.907 0.947 0.971 0.991
2.85 0.710 0.820 0.908 0.948 0.972 0.992
2.86 0.710 0.820 0.909 0.949 0.973 0.993
2.87 0.710 0.820 0.910 0.950 0.974 0.994
2.88 0.710 0.820 0.910 0.950 0.976 0.996
2.89 0.710 0.820 0.911 0.951 0.977 0.997
2.9 0.710 0.820 0.912 0.952 0.978 0.998
2.91 0.710 0.820 0.913 0.953 0.979 0.999
2.92 0.710 0.820 0.914 0.954 0.980 1.000
2.93 0.710 0.820 0.914 0.954 0.982 1.002
2.94 0.710 0.820 0.915 0.955 0.983 1.003
2.95 0.710 0.820 0.916 0.956 0.984 1.004
2.96 0.710 0.820 0.917 0.957 0.985 1.005
2.97 0.710 0.820 0.918 0.958 0.986 1.006
2.98 0.710 0.820 0.918 0.958 0.988 1.008
2.99 0.710 0.820 0.919 0.959 0.989 1.009
3 0.710 0.820 0.920 0.960 0.990 1.010
Fck = 21 % pt = 0.97 Tc = #VALUE!

Fck = 21 % pt = Err:502 Tc = #VALUE!

Fck = 21 % pt = Err:502 Tc = #VALUE!

Fck = 21 % pt = 0.45 Tc = #VALUE!

 DESIGN SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE Tc N/mm2
% pt M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 & ABOVE
15 20 25 30 35 40
0.15 0.280 0.280 0.290 0.290 0.290 0.300
0.25 0.350 0.360 0.360 0.370 0.370 0.380
0.5 0.460 0.480 0.490 0.500 0.500 0.510
0.75 0.540 0.560 0.570 0.590 0.590 0.600
1 0.600 0.620 0.640 0.660 0.670 0.680
1.25 0.640 0.670 0.700 0.710 0.730 0.740
1.5 0.680 0.720 0.740 0.760 0.780 0.790
1.75 0.710 0.750 0.780 0.800 0.820 0.840
2 0.710 0.790 0.820 0.840 0.860 0.880
2.25 0.710 0.810 0.850 0.880 0.900 0.920
2.5 0.710 0.820 0.880 0.910 0.930 0.950
2.75 0.710 0.820 0.900 0.940 0.960 0.980
3 0.710 0.820 0.920 0.960 0.990 1.010
 Fy = 250 Mu/bd2 = 2.7 % pt = 1.54

Fy = 250 Mu/bd2 = 2.7 % pt = 1.54

TABLE 3
FLEXURE - REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE,
pt FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS
Mu/bd2
Fy N/mm2
N/mm2
240 250 415 480 500
0.30 0.146 0.140 0.085 0.073 0.070
0.35 0.171 0.164 0.099 0.086 0.082
0.40 0.196 0.188 0.114 0.098 0.094
0.45 0.222 0.213 0.128 0.111 0.106
0.50 0.247 0.237 0.143 0.123 0.119
0.55 0.272 0.262 0.158 0.136 0.131
0.60 0.298 0.286 0.172 0.149 0.143
0.65 0.324 0.311 0.187 0.162 0.156
0.70 0.350 0.336 0.203 0.175 0.168
0.75 0.376 0.361 0.218 0.188 0.181
0.80 0.403 0.387 0.233 0.201 0.193
0.85 0.430 0.412 0.248 0.215 0.206
0.90 0.456 0.438 0.264 0.228 0.219
0.95 0.483 0.464 0.280 0.242 0.232
1.00 0.511 0.490 0.295 0.255 0.245
1.05 0.538 0.517 0.311 0.269 0.258
1.10 0.566 0.543 0.327 0.283 0.272
1.15 0.594 0.570 0.343 0.297 0.285
1.20 0.622 0.597 0.359 0.311 0.298
1.25 0.650 0.624 0.376 0.325 0.312
1.30 0.678 0.651 0.392 0.339 0.326
1.35 0.707 0.679 0.409 0.354 0.339
1.40 0.736 0.707 0.426 0.368 0.353
1.45 0.765 0.735 0.443 0.383 0.367
1.50 0.795 0.763 0.460 0.397 0.382
1.55 0.825 0.792 0.477 0.412 0.396
1.60 0.855 0.821 0.494 0.427 0.410
1.65 0.885 0.850 0.512 0.443 0.425
1.70 0.916 0.879 0.530 0.458 0.440
1.75 0.947 0.909 0.547 0.473 0.454
1.80 0.978 0.939 0.565 0.489 0.469
1.85 1.009 0.969 0.584 0.505 0.484
1.90 1.041 1.000 0.602 0.521 0.500
1.95 1.073 1.030 0.621 0.537 0.515
2.00 1.106 1.062 0.640 0.553 0.531
2.02 1.119 1.074 0.647 0.559 0.537
2.04 1.132 1.087 0.655 0.566 0.543
2.06 1.145 1.099 0.662 0.573 0.550
2.08 1.159 1.112 0.670 0.579 0.556
2.10 1.172 1.125 0.678 0.586 0.562
2.12 1.185 1.138 0.685 0.593 0.569
2.14 1.199 1.151 0.693 0.599 0.575
2.16 1.212 1.164 0.701 0.606 0.582
2.18 1.226 1.177 0.709 0.613 0.588
2.20 1.239 1.190 0.717 0.620 0.595
2.22 1.253 1.203 0.725 0.627 0.602
2.24 1.267 1.216 0.733 0.633 0.608
2.26 1.281 1.230 0.741 0.640 0.615
2.28 1.295 1.243 0.749 0.647 0.621
2.30 1.309 1.256 0.757 0.654 0.628
2.32 1.323 1.270 0.765 0.661 0.635
2.34 1.337 1.283 0.773 0.668 0.642
2.36 1.351 1.297 0.781 0.675 0.648
2.38 1.365 1.311 0.790 0.683 0.655
2.40 1.380 1.324 0.798 0.690 0.662
2.42 1.394 1.338 0.806 0.697 0.669
2.44 1.408 1.352 0.814 0.704 0.676
2.46 1.423 1.366 0.823 0.711 0.683
2.48 1.438 1.380 0.831 0.719 0.690
2.50 1.452 1.394 0.840 0.726 0.697
2.52 1.467 1.408 0.848 0.734 0.704
2.54 1.482 1.423 0.857 0.741 0.711
2.56 1.497 1.437 0.866 0.748 0.719
2.58 1.512 1.451 0.874 0.756 0.726
2.60 1.527 1.466 0.883 0.764 0.733
2.62 1.542 1.481 0.892 0.771 0.740
2.64 1.558 1.495 0.901 0.779 0.748
2.66 1.573 1.510 0.910 0.786 0.755
2.68 1.588 1.525 0.919 0.794 -
2.70 1.604 1.540 0.928 - -
2.72 1.620 1.555 0.937 - -
2.74 1.636 1.570 0.946 - -
2.76 1.651 1.585 0.955 - -
2.78 1.667 1.601 - - -
2.80 1.683 1.616 - - -
2.82 1.700 1.632 - - -
2.84 1.716 1.647 - - -
2.86 1.732 1.663 - - -
2.88 1.749 1.679 - - -
2.90 1.766 1.695 - - -
2.92 1.782 1.711 - - -
2.94 1.799 1.727 - - -
2.96 1.816 1.743 - - -
2.98 1.833 1.760 - - -
 Fy = 250 Mu/bd2 = 2.7 % pt = 1.455

Fy = 250 Mu/bd2 = 2.7 % pt = 1.455

TABLE 3
FLEXURE - REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE,
pt FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS
Mu/bd2
Fy N/mm2
N/mm2
240 250 415 480 500
0.30 0.146 0.140 0.084 0.073 0.070
0.35 0.171 0.164 0.099 0.085 0.082
0.40 0.195 0.188 0.113 0.098 0.094
0.45 0.220 0.211 0.127 0.110 0.106
0.50 0.245 0.236 0.142 0.123 0.118
0.55 0.271 0.260 0.156 0.135 0.130
0.60 0.296 0.284 0.171 0.148 0.142
0.65 0.321 0.309 0.186 0.161 0.154
0.70 0.347 0.333 0.201 0.174 0.167
0.75 0.373 0.358 0.216 0.186 0.179
0.80 0.399 0.383 0.231 0.199 0.191
0.85 0.425 0.408 0.246 0.212 0.204
0.90 0.451 0.433 0.261 0.225 0.216
0.95 0.477 0.458 0.276 0.239 0.229
1.00 0.504 0.483 0.291 0.252 0.242
1.05 0.530 0.509 0.307 0.265 0.255
1.10 0.557 0.535 0.322 0.279 0.267
1.15 0.584 0.561 0.338 0.292 0.280
1.20 0.611 0.587 0.353 0.306 0.293
1.25 0.638 0.613 0.369 0.319 0.306
1.30 0.666 0.639 0.385 0.333 0.320
1.35 0.693 0.666 0.401 0.347 0.333
1.40 0.721 0.692 0.417 0.360 0.346
1.45 0.749 0.719 0.433 0.374 0.359
1.50 0.777 0.746 0.449 0.388 0.373
1.55 0.805 0.773 0.466 0.403 0.387
1.60 0.834 0.800 0.482 0.417 0.400
1.65 0.862 0.828 0.499 0.431 0.414
1.70 0.891 0.856 0.515 0.446 0.428
1.75 0.920 0.883 0.532 0.460 0.442
1.80 0.949 0.911 0.549 0.475 0.456
1.85 0.979 0.940 0.566 0.489 0.470
1.90 1.009 0.968 0.583 0.504 0.484
1.95 1.038 0.997 0.601 0.519 0.498
2.00 1.068 1.026 0.618 0.534 0.513
2.05 1.099 1.055 0.635 0.549 0.527
2.10 1.129 1.084 0.653 0.565 0.542
2.15 1.160 1.114 0.671 0.580 0.557
2.20 1.191 1.143 0.689 0.596 0.572
2.25 1.222 1.173 0.707 0.611 0.587
2.30 1.254 1.204 0.725 0.627 0.602
2.35 1.285 1.234 0.743 0.643 0.617
2.40 1.317 1.265 0.762 0.659 0.632
2.45 1.350 1.296 0.781 0.675 0.648
2.50 1.382 1.327 0.799 0.691 0.663
2.55 1.415 1.358 0.818 0.708 0.679
2.60 1.448 1.390 0.837 0.724 0.695
2.65 1.482 1.422 0.857 0.741 0.711
2.70 1.515 1.455 0.876 0.758 0.727
2.75 1.549 1.487 0.896 0.775 0.744
2.80 1.584 1.520 0.916 0.792 0.760
2.85 1.618 1.554 0.936 0.809 0.777
2.90 1.653 1.587 0.956 0.827 0.794
2.95 1.689 1.621 0.977 0.844 0.811
3.00 1.724 1.655 0.997 0.862 0.828
3.05 1.760 1.690 1.018 0.880 0.845
3.10 1.797 1.725 1.039 0.898 0.863
3.15 1.834 1.760 1.061 0.917 0.880
3.20 1.871 1.796 1.082 0.936 0.898
3.25 1.909 1.832 1.104 0.954 0.916
3.30 1.947 1.869 1.126 0.973 0.935
3.32 1.962 1.884 1.135 0.981 0.942
3.34 1.978 1.899 1.144 0.989 -
3.36 1.993 1.914 1.153 - -
3.38 2.009 1.929 1.162 - -
3.40 2.025 1.944 1.171 - -
3.42 2.040 1.959 1.180 - -
3.44 2.056 1.974 1.189 - -
3.46 2.072 1.989 - - -
3.48 2.088 2.005 - - -
3.50 2.104 2.020 - - -
3.52 2.120 2.036 - - -
3.54 2.137 2.051 - - -
3.56 2.153 2.067 - - -
3.58 2.170 2.083 - - -
3.60 2.186 2.099 - - -
3.62 2.203 2.115 - - -
3.64 2.219 2.131 - - -
3.66 2.236 2.147 - - -
3.68 2.253 2.163 - - -
3.70 2.270 2.179 - - -
3.72 2.287 2.196 - - -
3.74 2.304 - - - -
 Fy = 250 Mu/bd2 = 2.7 % pt = 1.408

Fy = 250 Mu/bd2 = 2.7 % pt = 1.408

TABLE 3
FLEXURE - REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE,
pt FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS
Mu/bd2
Fy N/mm2
N/mm2
240 250 415 480 500
0.30 0.145 0.140 0.084 0.073 0.070
0.35 0.170 0.163 0.098 0.085 0.082
0.40 0.195 0.187 0.113 0.097 0.093
0.45 0.219 0.211 0.127 0.110 0.105
0.50 0.244 0.235 0.141 0.122 0.117
0.55 0.269 0.259 0.156 0.135 0.129
0.60 0.294 0.283 0.170 0.147 0.141
0.65 0.320 0.307 0.185 0.160 0.153
0.70 0.345 0.331 0.200 0.172 0.166
0.75 0.370 0.356 0.214 0.185 0.178
0.80 0.396 0.380 0.229 0.198 0.190
0.85 0.422 0.405 0.244 0.211 0.202
0.90 0.447 0.429 0.259 0.224 0.215
0.95 0.473 0.454 0.274 0.237 0.227
1.00 0.499 0.479 0.289 0.250 0.240
1.05 0.525 0.504 0.304 0.263 0.252
1.10 0.552 0.529 0.319 0.276 0.265
1.15 0.578 0.555 0.334 0.289 0.277
1.20 0.608 0.580 0.350 0.302 0.290
1.25 0.631 0.606 0.365 0.315 0.303
1.30 0.658 0.631 0.380 0.329 0.316
1.35 0.685 0.657 0.396 0.342 0.329
1.40 0.712 0.683 0.411 0.356 0.342
1.45 0.739 0.709 0.427 0.369 0.355
1.50 0.766 0.735 0.443 0.383 0.368
1.55 0.793 0.762 0.459 0.397 0.381
1.60 0.821 0.788 0.475 0.410 0.394
1.65 0.849 0.815 0.491 0.424 0.407
1.70 0.876 0.841 0.507 0.438 0.421
1.75 0.904 0.868 0.523 0.452 0.434
1.80 0.932 0.895 0.539 0.466 0.448
1.85 0.961 0.922 0.556 0.480 0.461
1.90 0.989 0.950 0.572 0.495 0.475
1.95 1.018 0.977 0.589 0.509 0.488
2.00 1.046 1.005 0.605 0.523 0.502
2.05 1.075 1.032 0.622 0.538 0.516
2.10 1.104 1.060 0.639 0.552 0.530
2.15 1.134 1.088 0.656 0.567 0.544
2.20 1.163 1.116 0.630 0.581 0.558
2.25 1.192 1.145 0.690 0.596 0.572
2.30 1.222 1.173 0.707 0.611 0.587
2.35 1.252 1.202 0.724 0.626 0.601
2.40 1.282 1.231 0.742 0.641 0.615
2.45 1.312 1.260 0.759 0.656 0.630
2.50 1.343 1.289 0.777 0.671 0.645
2.55 1.374 1.319 0.794 0.687 0.659
2.60 1.404 1.348 0.812 0.702 0.674
2.65 1.435 1.378 0.830 0.718 0.689
2.70 1.467 1.408 0.848 0.733 0.707
2.75 1.498 1.438 0.866 0.749 0.719
2.80 1.530 1.469 0.885 0.765 0.734
2.85 1.562 1.499 0.903 0.781 0.750
2.90 1.594 1.530 0.922 0.797 0.765
2.95 1.626 1.561 0.940 0.813 0.781
3.00 1.659 1.592 0.959 0.829 0.796
3.05 1.691 1.624 0.978 0.846 0.812
3.10 1.725 1.656 0.997 0.862 0.828
3.15 1.758 1.687 1.017 0.879 0.844
3.20 1.791 1.720 1.036 0.896 0.860
3.25 1.825 1.752 1.055 0.913 0.876
3.30 1.859 1.785 1.075 0.930 0.892
3.35 1.893 1.818 1.095 0.947 0.909
3.40 1.928 1.851 1.115 0.964 0.925
3.45 1.963 1.884 1.135 0.981 0.942
3.50 1.998 1.918 1.156 0.999 0.959
3.55 2.034 1.952 1.176 1.017 0.976
3.60 2.069 1.986 1.197 1.035 0.993
3.65 2.105 2.021 1.218 1.053 1.011
3.70 2.142 2.056 1.239 1.071 1.028
3.75 2.178 2.091 1.260 1.089 1.046
3.80 2.215 2.127 1.281 1.108 1.063
3.85 2.253 2.163 1.303 1.126 1.081
3.90 2.291 2.199 1.325 1.145 1.099
3.95 2.329 2.236 1.347 1.164 1.118
4.00 2.367 2.273 1.369 1.184 -
4.05 2.406 2.310 1.391 - -
4.10 2.445 2.348 1.414 - -
4.15 2.485 2.386 - - -
4.20 2.525 2.424 - - -
4.25 2.566 2.463 - - -
4.30 2.607 2.502 - - -
4.35 2.648 2.542 - - -
4.40 2.690 2.583 - - -
4.45 2.733 2.623 - - -