Topic2_19IB_20200921 [54 marks]

1. Two forces act along a straight line on an object that is initially at rest. [1 mark]
One force is constant; the second force is in the opposite direction and
proportional to the velocity of the object.

What is correct about the motion of the object?

A. The acceleration increases from zero to a maximum.

B. The acceleration increases from zero to a maximum and then decreases.
C. The velocity increases from zero to a maximum.
D. The velocity increases from zero to a maximum and then decreases.

2. A climber of mass m slides down a vertical rope with an average [1 mark]

acceleration a. What is the average frictional force exerted by the rope on
the climber?
A. mg
B. m (g + a)
C. m (g – a)
D. ma

3. A cube slides down the surface of a ramp at a constant velocity. What is [1 mark]
the magnitude of the frictional force that acts on the cube due to the
surface?
A. The weight of the cube
B. The component of weight of the cube parallel to the plane
C. The component of weight of the cube perpendicular to the plane
D. The component of the normal reaction at the surface parallel to the plane
4. The graph shows the variation with time of the resultant net force acting [1 mark]
on an object. The object has a mass of 1kg and is initially at rest.

What is the velocity of the object at a time of 200 ms?

A. 8 m s–1
B. 16 m s–1
C. 8 km s–1
D. 16 km s–1

5. Two forces of magnitude 12 N and 24 N act at the same point. Which [1 mark]
force cannot be the resultant of these forces?
A. 10 N
B. 16 N
C. 19 N
D. 36 N
6. A block of weight W slides down a ramp at constant velocity. A friction [1 mark]
force F acts between the bottom of the block and the surface of the ramp.
A normal reaction N acts between the ramp and the block. What is the free-body
diagram for the forces that act on the block?
7. A waiter carrying a tray is accelerating to the right as shown in the image.[1 mark]
What is the free-body diagram of the forces acting on the tray?

8. A book is at rest on a table. What is a pair of action–reaction forces for [1 mark]

this situation according to Newton’s third law of motion?
9. Two blocks X and Y rest on a frictionless horizontal surface as shown. A [1 mark]
horizontal force is now applied to the larger block and the two blocks
move together with the same speed and acceleration.

Which free-body diagram shows the frictional forces between the two blocks?

10. Three forces act at a point. In which diagram is the point in equilibrium? [1 mark]
11. A uniform ladder resting in equilibrium on rough ground leans against a [1 mark]
smooth wall. Which diagram correctly shows the forces acting on the
ladder?

12. A box is accelerated to the right across rough ground by a horizontal [1 mark]
force Fa. The force of friction is Ff. The weight of the box is Fg and the
normal reaction is Fn. Which is the free-body diagram for this situation?
13. A weight W is tied to a trolley of mass M by a light string passing over a [1 mark]
frictionless pulley. The trolley has an acceleration a on a frictionless table.
The acceleration due to gravity is g.

What is W ?
M ag
A.
(g−a)
M ag
B.
(g+a)
Ma
C.
(g−a)
Ma
D.
(g+a)

14. A parachutist of total mass 70 kg is falling vertically through the air at a [1 mark]
constant speed of 8 m s–1.
What is the total upward force acting on the parachutist?
A. 0N
B. 70 N
C. 560 N
D. 700 N
15. The diagram shows the forces acting on a block resting on an inclined [1 mark]
plane. The angle θ is adjusted until the block is just at the point of sliding.
R is the normal reaction, W the weight of the block and F the maximum frictional
force.

What is the maximum coefficient of static friction between the block and the
plane?
A. sin θ
B. cos θ
C. tan θ
1
D. tan
θ
 Curling is a game played on a horizontal ice surface. A player pushes a large
smooth stone across the ice for several seconds and then releases it. The stone
moves until friction brings it to rest. The graph shows the variation of speed of the
stone with time.

The total distance travelled by the stone in 17.5 s is 29.8 m.

16a. Determine the coefficient of dynamic friction between the stone and the[3 marks]
ice during the last 14.0 s of the stone’s motion.

16b. The diagram shows the stone during its motion after release. [3 marks]

Label the diagram to show the forces acting on the stone. Your answer should
include the name, the direction and point of application of each force.
 This question is about the forces on a skier.
A skier is pulled up a hill by a rope at a steady velocity. The hill makes an angle of
12° with the horizontal. The mass of the skier and skis is 73 kg. The diagram
below shows three of the forces acting on the skier.

17a. On the diagram, draw and label one other force acting on the skier. [1 mark]

17b. Calculate the magnitude of the normal reaction acting on the skier. [2 marks]

17c. The total frictional force acting is 65 N. Determine the tension in the [2 marks]
rope.

17d. Explain, using Newton’s first law of motion, why the resultant force on [2 marks]
the skier must be zero.
 This question is about forces.
A stone block is pulled at constant speed up an incline by a cable attached to an
electric motor.

The incline makes an angle of 12° with the horizontal. The weight of the block is
1.5×104N and the tension T in the cable is 4.2×103N.

18a. On the diagram draw and label arrows that represent the forces acting [2 marks]
on the block.

18b. Calculate the magnitude of the friction force acting on the block. [3 marks]
 This question is about kinematics.

19a. Fiona drops a stone from rest vertically down a water well. She hears [3 marks]
the splash of the stone striking the water 1.6 s after the stone leaves
her hand. Estimate the
(i) distance between Fiona’s hand and the water surface.
(ii) speed with which the stone hits the water.

19b. After the stone in (a) hits the water surface it rapidly reaches a terminal [3 marks]
speed as it falls through the water. The stone leaves Fiona’s hand at
time t = 0. It hits the water surface at t1 and it comes to rest at the bottom of the
water at t2. Using the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the speed v of the
stone varies from time t = 0 to just before t = t2. (There is no need to add any
values to the axes.)
19c. Draw and label a free-body diagram representing the forces acting on [2 marks]
the stone as it falls through the water at its terminal speed.
 A company designs a spring system for loading ice blocks onto a truck. The ice
block is placed in a holder H in front of the spring and an electric motor
compresses the spring by pushing H to the left. When the spring is released the
ice block is accelerated towards a
ramp ABC. When the spring is fully decompressed, the ice block loses contact with
the spring at A. The mass of the ice block is 55 kg.

Assume that the surface of the ramp is frictionless and that the masses of the
spring and the holder are negligible compared to the mass of the ice block.

20a. (i) The block arrives at C with a speed of 0.90ms−1. Show that the [4 marks]
elastic energy stored in the spring is 670J.
(ii) Calculate the speed of the block at A.
20b. Describe the motion of the block [3 marks]
(i) from A to B with reference to Newton's first law.
(ii) from B to C with reference to Newton's second law.

20c. On the axes, sketch a graph to show how the displacement of the block [2 marks]
varies with time from A to C. (You do not have to put numbers on the
axes.)

20d. The spring decompression takes 0.42s. Determine the average force [2 marks]
that the spring exerts on the block.
 20e. The electric motor is connected to a source of potential difference 120V [2 marks]
and draws a current of 6.8A. The motor takes 1.5s to compress the
spring.
Estimate the efficiency of the motor.

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