1.

Find a vector which is perpendicular to a plane containing the two

vectors: A = 4 ax + 10 ay, B = 4 ax+ 5 ay . Also find the unit normal vector

of the plane containing these vectors.

A x B = 0i – 0 j + (4x5 – 4x10) k

A x B = -20 k

Ans. Name of method you well use:Cross product

Ans.1 -20 az

Ans.2 -az

V =xy a x +2 yz a y +3 zx a zwhich varies over a cube

2. Consider a vector function ⃗

of length 2. If the Divergence Theorem (DT) is verified for vector V over

the cube and let the surface integral of vector V over a closed surface is

equal to 48. i.e ∮ V . ds=48. The underline part is half statement of DT.
s

Write down the remaining statement of this theorem along with steps to

solve the remaining part.

 Volume integral of the divergence over the region inside the cube of length 2 is equal to

48.

The surface integral of a vector field over a closed surface, which is called the flux

through the surface, is equal to the volume integral of the divergence over the region

inside the surface.

3. What do you mean by electric flux density? And how you will define (in

words) the Gauss’s law in term of electric flux density? Under what

conditions is Gauss’s law useful in calculating the electric field intensity

of a charge distribution?

Electric flux density is a measure of the strength of an electric field generated by a free

electric charge, corresponding to the number of electric lines of force passing through a

given area.

In words, Gauss's law states that. The net electric flux through any hypothetical closed

surface is equal to times the net electric charge within that closed surface.

If a charge distribution has a high degree of symmetry, then Gauss' law alone can be used

to determine the magnitude of the electric field. The direction must be deduced from the

symmetry of the situation. Gauss' law can be used to derive the expression for the

Coulomb force.
4. What happened to charge and electric field intensity when a dielectric

and a conductor inserted in static external electric field.

If a conductor is placed into an external electric field, a force F = -eE acts on each free

electron, charges in the conductor quickly respond to reach a steady state called

electrostatic equilibrium.

Such charges would produce a field inside the conductor, and electrons would move and

cancel out the field and neutralize the charge.

When the atoms or molecules of a dielectric are placed in an external electric field, the

nuclei are pushed with the field resulting in an increased positive charge on one side

while the electron clouds are pulled against it resulting in an increased negative charge on

the other side.

The dielectric material gets polarized when it is placed in an electric field.Hence, the

electric field inside a dielectric decreases when it is placed in an external electric field.

5. Consider a scalar electric potential V =50 (x 2− y 2)and a point (2 ,−1 , 3)

which is at the interface of conductor-free space boundary. Find

Electric Potential (V), Electric field Intensity (E), Electric Flux Density

(D), Surface Charge Density ( ρ S) and also the equation of the conductor

surface.
 V =50 ( 22−(−1 )2 )=150 J /C

E=− ( ∂∂Vx + ∂∂Vy + ∂V∂z )=−( 100 x−100 y )=−300 V /m

D=ε o E=2.655 nC /m 2

ρ S=2 D=5.31 nC /m2

6. Define the mobility of electrons in a conductors and what is its SI unit?

Also discuss the difference between convection and conduction currents.

And Show that the resistivity ( ρ) of piece of homogeneous material of

RS
uniform cross-sectional area (S) is given by: ρ= l , Where R is

resistance andl is length of the material.

Mobility of charge carriers in a conductor is defined as the magnitude of their drift

velocity per unit applied electric field. Its SI unit is m2/Vs.

Conduction current consists of charged particles moving in response to the electric field

and not merely being carried by motion of the surrounding material.

Convection current is a cloud bearing free electrons that moves through the atmosphere

driven by wind.

R∝l

1
R∝
A

l
R=ρ
A

ρ = RA/L
7. If the divergence of magnetic flux density is zero. i.e. ∇ • B=0, what

outcomes we can obtained from this equation?Also write its integral

form.

From this equation, we can obtain that magnetic field is a solenoidal vector field i.e.

magnetic monopoles do not exist.

The integral form of Gauss's law for magnetism states: