History: William II and Queen Anne- Questionnaire:

1-Why was William III a great king?

According to the author William III was a great king because he had soldier virtues such as
“bravery in mortal danger, stoic calm in adversity and the highest sense of duty”. He was also a
diplomat and autocrat who despised the quarrels of Whigs and Tories but he exposed both patient
and magnanimity towards them. He knew that he was surrounded by treachery that many Tories
and some Whigs were in touch with James II.

2- Which was the position of Ireland in the war with France?

According to Joyce they were paralysed. Beats me.

3-Describe Charles II and his brother attitude concerning commerce

Charles II and his brother gave great encouragement to commerce and colonization (countries and
politicians followed their example) and the amount of capital available for investment increased.
The result was an explosion of activity in overseas expansion unequalled since the reign of
Elizabeth.

4-Investigate about the Royal American Company

In 1662 several new companies were established, between them, The Royal Adventures of
England Trading to Africa, chartered by Charles with James as a governor, brought slaves from
West Africa to the New World. It was ruined by the Second Dutch War and its stock was taken
over in 1672 by a new body, the Royal African Company. James again was governor. The new
company prospered for about twenty years, but fell into difficulties, partly because it could not
maintain its monopoly.

5-Describe the aims of the act of trade

The Aims of The Acts of Trade. For short, these were devised to control commerce:

 An Act of 1660, based on the navigation.

 An Act of 1651, provided that the trade of the English colonies (import and export), were
to be conducted in English ships only, and that certain enumerated articles, such as sugar,
tobacco, cotton, ginger, indigo (the list grew longer in later years), must be shipped only
to England or to other English colonies.
Other colonial products could be taken to foreign parts. From these products, the most
important were fish, from the New Found and Banks, which were shipped to southern
Europe and sold for cash, thus helping to create a favourable balance of trade.
 The Staples Act of 1663 provided that manufactured goods from the continent could
enter the English colonies only if the good had been brought to England before they were
shipped across the Atlantic.
  The Plantations act of 1673 concerned the enumerated articles. New England skippers
took sugar and tobacco to continental parts in defiance of the act of 1660. To end the
illegal traffic the Plantations Act imposed new duties.

6-The war of league of Augsburg; brief summary

The League of Augsburg was formed in 1686, for states mutual protection of Louis XIV
aggressions. When Louis attacked the palatinate, a war broke out in 1688. The members of this
League, who were against him, were called Grand Alliance of England: Holland, Austria, Spain a
number of the German states, of which Brandenburg, Saxony, Hanover, and Bavaria were the
most important an later Savoy and the Papacy Sweden had joined the League in 1686. Such an
alliance might appear invincible. France had the advantage of inner lines whereas the allied
powers were divided by jealousies and conflicting ambitions.

The French Navy, which was able at first to challenge the fleets of England and Holland, secured
temporary control of the channel at the time of James’s expedition to Ireland and defeated the
English and Dutch in the Battle of Beach Head off the coast of Sussex in 1690. The French fleet
could not control the channel and the Mediterranean and it was defeated by the English in 1692 at
the La Mogue in the channel near Normandy. When Louis began operations against Spain and
Savoy in 1694, an English squadron entered the Mediterranean, blockaded the French in Toulon,
and disrupted the assault on Spain.

7-What were the Partition Treaties?

This was signed between England and France. The accord attempted to resolve who would inherit
the Spanish throne, proposing that Duke Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria be the heir. Moreover, the
agreement proposed the Louis XIV would get…

8-Analize Queens Ann’s reign. Analyse her personality

The reign of her and may seem to be dominated by the Great War with France. This got brilliant
and notable achievements; Marlborough in war and diplomacy; Newton in science; Wren in
architecture; Goddphin, Somers, Halifax, Marley, and Bolingbroke in Politics; Pope, Swift, Defoe,
Congreve, Addison, and Steele in Literature.

As regards Queen Anne’s personality, she had very mediocre abilities; she was slow-witted,
obstinate, pinioned, and unattractive woman. She was also very pious and devout to Church and
fond of female favourites. Ann’s hobby was eating. Furthermore, she tried to play her part and to
keep her prerogatives. She disliked political parties.

All in all, she was considered a strong supporter of the Church of England and of the Tory Party.

9-Marborough-Godolphin Coalition

This coalition was formed between Whigs and Tories ministries. The most important members
were the Earl of Marlborough, who was Captain General, and Sidney Godolphin, the Lord
Treasurer. Marlborough, one of England’s greatest generals, was a man of extraordinary gifts, both
as a soldier and as a diplomat. Year after year he travelled from on capital to another, holding
together and alliance of nations with diverse and selfish aims. His strong position at home made it
possible for him coordinate war and politics.

Godolphin was a very able administrator, sound and steady, a moderate Tory with a touch of the
Jacobite.

The High Tories of the coalition proved to be difficult. They raised the cry that the church was a in
danger, and twice attempted to pass occasional conformity bills which would have prevented
nonconformists from qualifying for office by occasionally the Anglican sacrament. Their view of
England’s role in the war differed from that of Godolphin and Marlborough.

Marlborough and Godolphin broke the High Tories, several of whom were dismissed in 1703.

10-Causes of Spanish succession:

Neither England nor the Netherlands were prepared to see France united with Spain, so supported
n alternative claimant to the Spanish throne, Duke, second son of emperor Leopold. As Duke was a
Hapsburg, it was felt he had a stronger claim in blood.

11- English Politics from 1705 to 1710:

In those periods, there were two alterations. The first one came as a result of the elections,. In
1705 and 1708, when the Whigs increased their strength in the House of Commons.

After 1706, the Marlborough-Godolphin-Whig Coalition began shatter to pieces. The basic cause
war-weariness among the people was a famous.

12- The Treaty of Utrecht:

The also called “Peace of Utrecht was a series of treaties between France and other European
powers finishing the war of the Spanish succession.

France finished treaties of peace at Utrecht with Britain, the Dutch republic, Prussia, Portugal and
Savoy. By the treat with Britain, France recognized Queen Anne as the British sovereign and
undertook to cease supporting James Edward, the son of the deposed King James II.

The settlement on the continent recognized Phillip as King of Spain, but provided that he
renounced his claims to the French throne and that the crowns of France and Spain never be
united. The Australians received the Spanish Netherlands, Milan and Napoles. The Dutch obtained
right to garrison the border fortresses against France, but they did not secure, as they wished, a
share in the commercial concessions given to England. The French gave up their conquests beyond
the Rhine but retained Strasbourg.

This treaty left France in an exhausted bankrupt condition from which she recovered only slowly.
14- Talk about the Scottish Union 1707.

15- Describe George I and his reign

16-Who were the fifteen?

17-What was the scandal of the South Sea Bubble?

18-Who was Robert Walpole? Describe the fiscal policy.

19-Brief summary of the “War of Jenkins’s Ear”.

20-Give the main items during Walpole’s administration.

21-What was the Office of Prime Minister?