Sepak raga

Sepak raga (Minangkabau: sepak rago)

is a traditional Malaysian and Indonesian
sport, originated in the Malacca
Sultanate in the 15th century and then
spread throughout the Malay
Archipelago. This game is related to the
modern sepak takraw. Similar games
include footbag net, footvolley, bossaball
and jianzi.
 Sepak raga

Paraga or Maraga, the Bugis and Makassar

version of sepak raga

First played Malaysia[1][2][3][4]

Characteristics

Contact None

Team members Varies

Type Indoor and Outdoor

Equipment rattan ball, synthetic

rubberised plastic

Presence

Olympic No

This game is played by five to ten people

by forming a circle in an open field, where
the sports ball is played with the feet and
certain techniques so that the ball moves
from one player to another without falling
to the ground. The raga ball is made from
young coconut leaves or rattan bark
which is woven by hand. The sport
requires speed, agility and ball control.

The tradition of sepak raga is found in

various provinces in southeast Asia,
including West Sumatra: sipak rago; Riau:
rago tinggi; Sulawesi: paraga and sipa in
the Philippine.

History
The earliest historical evidence shows
sepak raga was played in the 15th
century's Malacca Sultanate of Malaysia,
for it is mentioned in the Malay historical
text, "Sejarah Melayu" (Malay Annals).[5]
The Malay Annals described in details
the incident of Raja Muhammad, a son of
Sultan Mansur Shah who was
accidentally hit with a rattan ball by Tun
Besar, a son of Tun Perak, in a Sepak
raga game. The ball hit Raja
Muhammad's headgear and knocked it
down to the ground. In anger, Raja
Muhammad immediately stabbed and
killed Tun Besar, whereupon some of Tun
Besar's kinsmen retaliated and wanted to
kill Raja Muhammad. However, Tun Perak
managed to restrain them from such an
act of treason by saying that he would no
longer accept Raja Muhammad as the
Sultan's heir. As a result of this incident,
Sultan Mansur Shah ordered his son out
of Malacca and had him installed as the
ruler of Pahang.[6]

In Indonesia, sepak takraw was spread

from nearby Malaysia across the strait to
Riau islands and Riau area in Sumatra as
early as the 16th century, where it is also
called as Sepak Raga in local Malay
tongue,[7][8] at that time some of
Sumatran areas were part of Malacca
sultanate. From there the Malay people
spread across archipelago and
introduced the game to Buginese people
in Sulawesi. Then the game is developed
as Buginese traditional game which is
called "Raga" (the players are called
"Pa'Raga"). The "Raga" can trace its origin
from Malacca Sultanate,[9] and was
popular in South Sulawesi since the 19th
century. Some men playing "Raga"
encircling within a group, the ball is
passed from one to another and the man
who kicked the ball highest is the winner.
"Raga" is also played for fun by
demonstrating some tricks, such as
kicking the ball and putting it on top of
player's head holds by tengkolok bugis
(Bugis cloth headgear similar to Malay
tanjak).

Sepak takraw is known by the Indonesian

people in several areas such as
Kalimantan, Sumatra and Sulawesi as
Sepak raga, which is a game for local
children who still use a ball made of
rattan. In this game, each player shows
proficiency in ball possession, the player
plays a rattan ball with all limbs except
with the hands such as feet, thighs,
chest, shoulders, head etc. This game is
very interesting because in this game,
players maintain how to keep the ball
played for a long time without falling to
the ground. The development of
sepaktakraw in Asian countries,
especially Southeast Asia, has been
familiar with the game using rattan balls
for a long time. Maybe in each country
how to play and the name of the game is
different.[10][11]

Variation

Indonesia …

Minangkabau …

Sepak Rago or Sipak Rago is a traditional

game from the Indonesian provinces of
West Sumatra. The game of Sepak rago
is generally played at nagari ceremonies.
Played by boys with 9 players. The
equipment used is a ball made of woven
rattan with a diameter of 15 cm. The
game is played in an open field by
making a circle with a diameter of 4.5 m.
Then divided into 9 sectors by giving a
sign. The players stand in their respective
sectors and one in the middle divides the
ball. Both receiving and giving the ball
must be through a kick. The match is
divided into two stages, namely the
preliminary round is called the trot and
the final round is called boko.
Assessment is made of the technique
and style of kicking the ball which is
called renten. The duration of galloping
games is 15 minutes, while Boko is 30
minutes. Can be extended if deemed
necessary by the referee.

In ancient times, the game of football

was played by young people in the
villages (Nagari) in the afternoon to fill
their spare time and as a means of
entertainment. There is no standard
assessment on this game, because this
game is not contested. There is only an
assessment of the player's skill in playing
the ball so that it doesn't fall to the
ground. Nowadays, this game can still be
found in the suburbs of Padang and also
in other areas in West Sumatra, but in
urban areas it is starting to be
abandoned by the community. Lately, the
game of sepak rago has begun to be
competed and many soccer groups have
started to appear.[12][13]

Bugis-Makassar …

Paraga, Ma’raga or A’raga, is a traditional

game from the Indonesian provinces of
South Sulawesi. Paraga is usually played
by men, given the complex movements
of the paraga and is an agility training
movement.[14]

At first glance, the paraga ball is almost

similar to the takraw ball because of the
shape of the ball and the ball material
made of rattan. However, what makes
the difference between Sepak Takraw
and Paraga is that if the takraw balls are
only arranged in one layer of rattan, the
paraga balls are arranged in three layers.

Usually in paraga there are six dancers

and four music players. All of them have
their respective duties to harmonize with
one another. One of the elements that
must be practiced in this sport is the
balance that becomes the capital to
process the ball in such a way. Especially
in a compound movement formation that
relies on teamwork so that the ball
remains in their control.

Pa'sapu or head belt that is characteristic

of the clothes worn by paraga players.
The head belt is covered with starch to
keep it upright when the paraga players
work the ball. The clothes that the
paragans wear are called the Bela
clothes, while the musicians wear closed
suits. Do not forget the typical bugis silk
sarong or so-called lipa sabbe to
complement their appearance. And
usually bright colored clothes will be
chosen to attract the attention of the
audience.

Togetherness and strong determination

and mutual cooperation make the paraga
players not just play. There are special
values that are taught not only for the
players but also for the audience.[15]

See also
Sepak takraw
Sport in Indonesia
References
1. Dunsmore, Susi (1983). Sepak Raga.
University of Michigan. p. 2.
2. Brown, Charles Cuthbert (1970). Sejarah
Melayu; or, Malay annals: an annotated
translation [from the Malay]. Oxford
University Press. p. 89.
3. detikSport (2013-04-05). "Genealogi
Sepakbola Indonesia (Bagian 1):
Nusantara Bermain Bola" . Detik.com (in
Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-02-18.
4. Shawn Kelley. "Takraw: A Traditional
Southeast Asian Sport" . Archived from
the original on 10 July 2007. Retrieved
30 July 2007.
5. Dunsmore, Susi (1983). Sepak Raga.
University of Michigan. p. 2.
. Brown, Charles Cuthbert (1970). Sejarah
Melayu; or, Malay annals: an annotated
translation [from the Malay]. Oxford
University Press. p. 89.
7. "Permainan Sepak Raga" .
Melayuonline.com. Archived from the
original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved
25 March 2014.
. "Sepak Raga, Permainan Tradisional
Masyarakat Di Propinsi Kepulauan
Riau" . Id.voi.co.id. Archived from the
original on 7 November 2010. Retrieved
25 March 2014.
 9. "Permainan Marraga/Akraga (Bugis)" .
Melayuonline. Archived from the
original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved
4 August 2010.
10. detikSport (2013-04-05). "Genealogi
Sepakbola Indonesia (Bagian 1):
Nusantara Bermain Bola" . Detik.com (in
Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-02-18.
11. Aditya Widya Putri (2018-09-01). "Sepak
Takraw yang Diperebutkan Indonesia,
Malaysia, dan Thailand" . Tirto.com (in
Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-01-26.
12. "Sipak Rago" . padangpariamankab.go.id
(in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-02-13.
 13. "Permainan Sipak Rago Perlu
Dilestarikan Sebagai Warisan Budaya" .
padangmedia.com (in Indonesian).
Retrieved 2021-02-18.
14. "Ma'raga atau A'raga, Sepak Raga dari
Sulawesi Selatan" . Kemendikbud.com
(in Indonesian). 2018-08-08. Retrieved
2021-02-13.
15. I Made Asdhiana (2013-01-05). "Paraga,
Permainan dan Kesenian Tradisional
Bugis" . Kompas.com (in Indonesian).
Retrieved 2021-02-13.

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