CE101

ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE

ASSIGNMENT

NAME: RAVI KUMAR

ROLL NO: BTECH/10602/18

BRANCH: ECE SEC: A

 What is acid rain?

Acid rain is that rain which is more acidic. Acid rain spread damage involves
weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants and animals on the land and
from acid rain in the water.it major constituents are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides.
TYPES OF ACID RAIN

ACID RAIN

Wet Deposition Dry Deposition

 Wet Deposition – wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, and snow. As this
acidic water flows over and through the ground, it affects a variety of plants
and animals. Wet deposition occurs when pollutants are emitted into the
atmosphere and oxidized to form an acid. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2), for example, is
emitted and oxidized to sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

 Dry Deposition – Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles. About
half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry
deposition.Dry deposition occurs when the acids are transformed chemically
into gases and salts, and then fall to Earth. SO2, for example, is deposited as
a gas and a salt.
 CAUSES OF ACID RAIN

 Burning coal, Oil and natural

Gas in power stations makes
electricity giving sulfur dioxide
gas.

 Burning petrol and oil in vehicle

Engines give off nitrogen oxide
Gas.

 Those gases mix with water vapours

and rainwater in the atmosphere
Producing weak solutions of
sulfuric acid nitric acids – which falls
as acid rain.
 EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN

EFFECTS

on non on living
living being being on soil

A). EFFECTS ON NON LIVING-BEING

The Taj Mahal in Agra, suffering from emissions of sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen oxide which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to
produce acids. Mainly pollutants comes from Mathura refinery. Acid rain
corrodes the marble (calcium carbonate) of Taj Mahal. It causes damage to
this wonderful structure, causing yellowing of marble.
Acid rain causes extensive damage to building, statues, bridges and
structural materials of marble, lime stone, etc.

B). EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH

 The sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases, causes respiratory
diseases like asthma, chronic bronchitis, etc.
Tiny particles cause difficulty in breathing for human and animals & also
lead to permanent lung damage.
Acid rain also effects water animals as it increases the acidity of lakes &
rivers which directly effect the aquatic ecosystem.

C). EFFECTS ON SOIL & TREES

Acid rain dissolves all the nutrients and the useful minerals for the tree to
grow.
Weakens the process of photosynthesis.
Increasing soil acidity can affect micro-organisms which break down
organic matter into nutrient form for plants to take up.
Increasing soil acidity also allows aluminium (a common constituent of soil
minerals) which leaches into water and harmful for aquatic animals.
Drinking water is also contaminated.

PREVENTION OF ACID RAIN

By fitting scrubbers into factory’s chimneys, which

are chemical filters that remove impurities such as sulphur from smoke.

Cars can be fitted with special converters which remove dangerous

chemicals.
Governments need to spend more money on pollution control.
The biggest step to prevent acid rain is to conserve energy.

CONCLUSIONS
 Acid rain is slowly destroying our planet. It is our responsibility to make
sure that we protect the earth for future generations to enjoy.
Everyone should stayed informed and educated on the matter of acid rain
and lead an energy efficient lifestyle.