PAPER 3 SECTION B (QUESTION 3 or QUESTION 4)

a) State one suitable inference [ 1 Mark]

b) State one suitable hypothesis [ 1 Mark]
c) Describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated
i) The aim of experiment [ 1 Mark]
ii) The variable in the experiment [ 2 Marks]
iii) The list of apparatus and materials [ 1 Mark]
iv) The arrangement of the apparatus [ 1 Mark]
v) The procedure of the experiment [ 3 Mark]
vi) The way to tabulate data [ 1 Mark]
vii) The way to analyse data [ 1 Mark]
TOTAL [ 12 Marks]

FORECAST FOR – PAPER 3 (QUESTION 3 or QUESTION 4)

CHAPTER EXPERIMENT PAGE

WAVES INTERFERENCE OF WATER 2
INTERFERENCE OF SOUND 4
INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT 6
ELECTRICITY DIAMETER OF WIRE & RESISTANCE 8
LENGTH OF WIRE & RESISTANCE 10
ELECTROMAGNET CURRENT AND MAGNETIC FIELD 12
NUMBER OF TURNS AND MAGNETIC FIELD 14
CUREENT AND CATAPULT FORCE 16
SPEED AND INDUCED CURRENT 18
TRANSFORMER 20

1
INTERFERENCE OF WATER – (WAVES)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Diagram A below shows a boy tapping the surface of the water with both his feet simultaneously. Diagram
B below shows the boy repeating his action with his feet further apart. The boy notices that when his feet
are further apart, the distance between the ripples become less.

Based on the above observations:

a) State one inference.
 The distance between two consecutive node lines depends on the distance
between two vibrating sources.
b) State one suitable hypothesis.
 When the distance between two vibrating sources increase, the distance
between two consecutive node lines decreases.
c) Describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b). In your description,
state clearly the following:

i) The aim of the experiment.

 To investigate the relationship between the distance of two vibrating
sources and the distance between two consecutive node lines.
ii) The variables in the experiment.
 Manipulated variable: Distance between two vibrating sources, a.
 Responding variable: Distance between two consecutive nodal lines, x.
 Constant variable: Distance between the sources and the position where x
is measured.
iii) The list of apparatus and materials.
 Power supply, ripple tank, spherical dipper, stroboscope, meter rule.

2
iv) The arrangement of the apparatus.


v) The procedure of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulate
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
1. The apparatus is set up as in the diagram above.
2. The distance between two vibrating sources, a is fixed at 2.0cm.
3. The power supply is switched on.
4. The wave pattern is observed using stroboscope and the distance
between two consecutive node lines is measured using meter rule.
5. Steps 2, 3 and 4 are repeated with distance 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0cm and
10.0cm.
vi) The way to tabulate date.

a (cm) x (cm)
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
vii) The way you analyse data.


3
INTERFERENCE OF SOUND – (WAVES)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Diagram below shows two audio technicians is going to set a close hall so that the audient can enjoy the
sound perform by a singer clearly. When the workers bring the two speakers closely to another, the
distance beside two chairs must be set further apart so that the sound effect is good enough. The works can
be illustrated as shown in the diagram below.

Based on the above observations:

a) State one inference.
 The distance between 2 loud or 2 soft sounds depend on the distance
between 2 loud speakers.
b) State one suitable hypothesis.
 The further the separation between the two sources of sound, the closer the
distance between two consecutive loud sounds.
c) Describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b). In your description,
state clearly the following:
i) The aim of the experiment.
 To investigate the relationship between the distance of two coherent
sources and the distance between two consecutive constructive or
destructive interference.
ii) The variables in the experiment.
 Manipulated variable: Distance between two coherent sources, a.
 Responding variable: Distance between two loud sound, x.
 Constant variable: Distance between the sources and the position where x
is measured.
iii) The list of apparatus and materials.
 Loud speaker, audio signal/frequency generator, connection wire, power
supply and measuring tape.

4
iv) The arrangement of the apparatus.


v) The procedure of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulate
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
1. The apparatus is set up as shown in the above diagram.
2. The separation of the two loud speakers is set to 1.0 m.
3. The position of two successive loud sound is determined and the
distance, x between them is measured with meter ruler.
4. The experiment is repeated for values of a = 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m and
3.0 m.
vi) The way to tabulate date.

a (m) x (m)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
vii) The way you analyse data.


5
INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT – (WAVES)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Figure below shows the interference pattern of the fringes for red light and violet light. From the
figure, it can be seen that the wavelength of red light is longer than violet light.

Based on the above observations:

a) State one inference.
 The different in the wavelength of monochromatic light will influence the
pattern of the fringes formed.
b) State one suitable hypothesis.
 An increase in the wavelength of monochromatic light will increase the
distance between two consecutive bright fringes.
c) Describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b). In your description,
state clearly the following:
i) The aim of the experiment.
 To investigate the relationship between the wavelength of
monochromatic light and the pattern of the fringes formed.
ii) The variables in the experiment.
 Manipulated variable: Wavelength
 Responding variable: Distance between two consecutive bright fringes.
 Constant variable: The separation between the two slits.
iii) The list of apparatus and materials.
 Color filters (red, green, violet), meter rule, screen, double-slit plate,
single-slit plate, filament lamp.

6
iv) The arrangement of the apparatus.


v) The procedure of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulate
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
1. The apparatus is arranged as shown above.
2. The red filter is placed between the filament lamp and the single-slit
plate.
3. The lamp is switched on.
4. The interference pattern formed on the screen is observed and drawn.
5. The distance across 5 consecutive bright fringes is measured.
6. The experiment is repeated by using a green filter and a violet filter
respectively to replace the red filter.
vi) The way to tabulate date.

Colour filter Distance of 5 Distance of 2
consecutive bright consecutive bright
fringes fringes, x (mm)
(mm)
Red
Green
Violet
vii) The way you analyse data.
 The increase in the wavelength of a monochromatic light source results
in an increase in the distance between two consecutive bright fringes or
dark fringes but reduce the number of fringes.

7
DIAMETER OF WIRE & RESISTANCE – (ELECTRICITY)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Diagram 1 and diagram 2 shows an identical bulb connected to the conductor wires of identical length but
of different thickness. When the power supply is switched on, the bulbs lighted with different brightness.

a) State one suitable inference.

 The brightness of the bulb influence by the thickness of the wire.
b) State one suitable hypothesis.
 When the thickness of wire increase the brightness increase.
c) Describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b)
In your description, state clearly the following:
i) Aim of the experiment.
 To investigate the relationship between the diameter of the wire and
the current flowing.
ii) Variables in the experiment.
Manipulated variable: Diameter of wire
Responding variable: Current
Constant variable: Length of wire
iii) List of apparatus and materials.
 Dry cell, insulated constantan wire, connector wire, ammeter, voltmeter,
switch and meter rule.

8
iv) Arrangement of the apparatus.


v) The procedure of the experiment which includes the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding the variable.
 A 20 cm length of constantan wire of diameter of 0.1 mm is connected
to a circuit as shown in diagram above.
 The reading of ammeter is recorded.
 Using the same length of wire repeat the experiment using constant wire
diameter 0.2 mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm and 0.5mm.

vi) The way you would tabulate the data.


Diameter, d /mm Current, I/A
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5

vii) The way you would analyse the data.



9
LENGTH OF WIRE & RESISTANCE – (ELECTRICITY)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Diagram (a) shows a bulb being connected to a 12 V car battery.

Diagram (b) shows the bulb being connected to the 12 V car battery by using a shorter cable.
Based on the information and observation:

Diagram (a)

Diagram (b)

a) State one suitable inference.

 The brightness of the bulb is influenced by the length of the wire.
b) State one suitable hypothesis.
 The shorter the length of the wire, the brighter the bulb.
c) Describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b)
In your description, state clearly the following:
i) Aim of the experiment.
 To investigate the relationship between the length of a wire and its
current.
ii) Variables in the experiment.
 Manipulated variable: Length of wire.
 Responding variable: Resistance of wire, R.
 Constant variable: Diameter of wire.
iii) List of apparatus and materials.
 Constantan wire, voltmeter, switch, dry cell, connecting wires and
crocodile clips.

10
iv) Arrangement of the apparatus.


v) The procedure of the experiment which includes the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding the variable.
1. The apparatus is arranged as shown above.
2. The length of the constantan conductor between P and Q is connected
to the circuit with crocodile clips in order that the length of P and Q
can be adjusted.
3. The length of PQ is adjusted to 20 cm.
4. Reading of ammeter is recorded.
5. Repeat the experiment by using lengths of 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm and
100 cm.
vi) The way you would tabulate the data.

Length of conductor, l/ Current, I /A
cm
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
vii) The way you would analyses the data.


11
CURRENT AND MAGNETIC FEILD – (ELECTROMAGNET)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Photograph below shows a container crane using electromagnet, lifting containers to ship for export. When
a heavier container is lifted, a larger amount of electricity is needed to make a stronger magnet. Based on
the above information and observations on electricity and the strength of magnetism:

a) State one suitable inference.

 The strength of the magnetic field depends on the magnitude of current.
b) State one suitable hypothesis.
 The greater the current, the stronger the strength of magnetic field.
c) Describe0 an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b)
In your description, state clearly the following:
i) Aim of the experiment.
 To investigate the relationship between the electric current and the
strength of magnetic field.

ii) Variables in the experiment.

 Manipulated variable: Current.
 Responding variable: Number of pin attracted.
 Constant variable: Number of turns of wires.

iii) List of apparatus and materials.

 Power supply, soft iron core, pins, insulated copper wires, retort stand
with clamps.

12
iv) Arrangement of the apparatus.


v) The procedure of the experiment which includes the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding the variable.
1. The apparatus is arranged as shown above.
2. The soft iron core is coiled with 10 turns of copper wire.
3. Power supply is switched on.
4. The rheostat is adjusted until the ammeter reading is 0.5 A.
5. The number of pin attracted to the electromagnet is recorded.
6. The experiment is repeated by adjusting the rheostat for ammeter reading
1.0 A, 1.5A, 2.0 A and 2.5 A by using the same number of turns wires.

vi) The way you would tabulate the data.


Current, I/A Number of pins
attracted
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5

vii) The way you would analyse the data.



13
NUMBER OF TURNS AND MAGNETIC FEILD – (ELECTROMAGNET)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Diagram below shows two similar electric bells, A and B. The current which flows through both bells is the
same. Bell A has more turns of wire. Its hammer strikes the gong harder to produce a louder ring. Bell B has
less turns of wire. Its hammer strikes the gong weaker to produce a softer ring.

a) State one suitable inference.

 The strength of the magnetic field depends on the number of turns of wire.

b) State one suitable hypothesis.

 The greater the number of turns, the stronger the strength of magnetic field.

c) Describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b)

In your description, state clearly the following:
i) Aim of the experiment.
 To investigate the relationship between the number of turns and the
strength of magnetic field.

ii) Variables in the experiment.

 Manipulated variable: Number of turns of wires.
 Responding variable: Number of pin attracted.
 Constant variable: Current.
iii) List of apparatus and materials.
 Power supply, soft iron core, pins, insulated copper wires, retort stand
with clamps.

14
iv) Arrangement of the apparatus.


v) The procedure of the experiment which includes the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding the variable.
1. The apparatus is arranged as shown above.
2. The soft iron core is coiled with 10 turns of copper wire.
3. Power supply is switched on.
4. The rheostat is adjusted until the ammeter reading is 0.5 A.
5. The number of pin attracted to the electromagnet is recorded.
6. The experiment is repeated by using 15, 20, 25 and 30 turns of copper
wires with rheostat is adjusted so that the ammeter reads 0.5 A.

vi) The way you would tabulate the data.


Number of Number of pins
turns of wire attracted
10
15
20
25
30

vii) The way you would analyse the data.



15
CURRENT AND CATAPULT FORCE – (ELECTROMAGNET)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Diagram below shows a table fan blades are spinning when the speed adjusting button is set at low current
and spinning faster when the speed adjusted at high current. The blades spin faster represents the greater
force produced by the motor of the fan.

Based on the information and observation:

a) State one suitable inference
 The magnitude of the force acting on a conductor depends on the magnitude of
the current flowing in the conductor.

b) State one suitable hypothesis

 When the current flowing through the conductor is increased, the magnitude of
the force acting on it increases.

c) Describe an experiment frame work to investigate the hypothesis in (b).

In your description, state clearly the following:
i) Aim of the experiment
 To study the relationship between the current in the conductor and the
force acting on the conductor.

ii) Variable in the experiment

 Manipulated variable: Current flowing through the conductor.
 Responding variable: Distance movement of conductor.
 Fixed variable: Types of magnet used.

iii) List of apparatus and materials

 Magnadur magnets, C-shaped iron yoke, wooden block, adhesive tape,
rheostat, d.c. power supply, thin copper rod, copper wire and ammeter.

16
iv) Arrangement of the apparatus

v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
1. The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram above.
2. Two magnadur magnets are placed on the C shaped iron yoke with
opposite poles facing each other.
3. The current is switched on and the rheostat is adjusted to 0.1A.
4. The movement of the thin copper rod is observed.
5. The value of current is increased to 0.2A by adjusting the rheostat.
6. Record the observation.
7. Step 5 and 6 are repeated with current 0.3A, 0.4A and 0.6A.

vi) The way you would tabulate the data


Current /A Movement of copper rod /cm
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5

vii) The way you would analyse the data.



17
SPEED AND INDUCED CURRENT – (ELECTROMAGNET)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Diagram below shows a boy cycling at night. The bicycle’s lamp becomes brighter when he cycles faster.

Based on the information and observation:

a) State one suitable inference
 The brightness of the lamp depends on the speed of rotation of the tyre.

b) State one suitable hypothesis

 The greater the speed of the magnet in the coil wire, the greater the
magnitude of the induce current

c) Describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b).

In your description, state clearly the following:
i) Aim of the experiment
 To identify the relationship between the speed of the magnet and the
magnitude of the induced current

ii) Variables in the experiment

 Manipulated variable: the speed of the magnet
 Responding variable: the magnitude of the induced current
 Fixed variable: The number of turns of the coil

iii) List of apparatus and materials

 Magnet bar, a coil of copper wire, miliammeter, meter rule, connecting
wires, retort stand

18
iv) Arrangement of the apparatus


v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
8. The height of magnet bar is adjusted at h = 20 cm.
9. The bar magnet is dropped into the coil wire
10. Reading of miliammeter for current is recorded
11. The steps are repeated for h= 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm.

vi) The way you would tabulate the data


h/cm I/mA
20
30
40
50
60

vii) The way you would analyse the data.



19
TRANSFORMER – (ELECTROMAGNET)
PAPER 3 (Question 3 or Question 4)

Diagram (a) shows a step down transformer in a hand phone charger. Its secondary coil or output is
connected to a hand phone of 5 V.
Diagram (b) shows a step down transformer in a notebook charger. Its secondary coil or output is
connected to a computer notebook of 19 V.

Diagram (a)

Diagram (b)
Based on the information and observation above:
a) State one suitable inference
 The number of turns of wire in the secondary coil affects the output voltage

b) State one suitable hypothesis

 The greater the numbers of turns of wire in the secondary coil, the greater
the output voltage

c) Describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b).

In your description, state clearly the following
i) The aim of experiment
 To investigate the relationship between number of turns of wire in the
secondary coil and the output voltage

ii) The variables in the experiment

 Manipulated variable: number of turns of wire in secondary coil, N
 Responding variable: Output voltage, V
 Fixed variable: the number of turns of wire in the primary coil

iii) The list of apparatus and materials

 a.c, voltmeter, a.c. power supply, soft iron core, wire

20
iv) Arrangement of the apparatus


v) The procedure of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.
1. The set-up of the apparatus is as shown in figure above
2. Use 900 turns copper coil as the primary coil and 100 turns of secondary
coil of a transformer
3. The switch is on and the output voltage is measured by using a voltmeter
4. The experiment is repeated by using copper coil with 200 turns, 300
turns, 400 turns and 500 turns as the secondary coil and same number of
primary coil.

vi) The way you would tabulate the data


Number of turns Output voltage, V
of wire in
secondary coil, N
100
200
300
400
500

vii) The way you would analyse the data.



21