INFORMATION SHEET 1.

1-1
Following Occupational Health and Safety Standards
Learning Objectives:
After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:
1. Familiarize with the Occupational Health and Safety Standard
2. Enumerate the practices on how to prevent accidents
3. Identify significance of First Aid in workplace

A health and safety program is a definite plan of action designed to prevent accidents and
occupational diseases.
SAFETY
• Freedom from hazards or accidents
• Keeping one’s self or others from dangers, injuries or death
• Freedom from damages of property and environment

HAZARDS
Things or conditions that might cause injury, death, damage to property or environment:
• A possible source danger or difficulty
• A condition that tends to create or increase the possibility of loss
• The effect of unpredictable, unplanned and unanalyzable forces in determining events
• An event occurring without design, forethought or direction

ACCIDENT
• A sudden mishap that interrupts a normal operation or activity
• An unintentional or unplanned event or condition, which has resulted in injury to a person
and/or loss damage to equipment, plant or property or environment
• An event or rapidly occurring series of events arising out of an unsafe act or unsafe condition
which causes injury or damage
• Any occurrence that interrupts the orderly progress of the activity in question
• An error usually committed by man

FACTS ABOUT ACCIDENTS

In reality, an accident is preventable. It can be avoided.
• Accident will never occur if we always observe and practice “safety”
• Accident are basically caused by human error
• Man causes about 97 – 98% of all accidents
• 2% is attributed to act of nature.

SAFETY: THE SOLUTION TO ACCIDENT

• “SAFETY, WHICH MEANS THE CONTROL OF ACCIDENTS”
• “SAFETY, WHICH MEANS FREEDOM FROM ACCIDENTS”
• “SAFETY, WHICH MEANS HAPPINESS FOR THE FAMILY”

FACTORS INVOLVED IN AN ACCIDENT

1. Man
2. Material
3. Machine/ tool
4. Environment

CAUSE OF ACCIDENT
1. Human error/ failure
2. Unsafe act of persons
3. Unsafe working conditions
4. Improper attitude
5. Lack of knowledge and skill
6. Ignorance
7. Lack of interest
8. Acts of nature
PREVENTIONS OF ACCIDENTS
1. Top management’s leadership and involvement in the planning and execution of the whole
safety program
2. Trainer’s dedication and sincerity in translating the general safety program of top
management
3. Having a competent and qualified safety head to assume the principal responsibility and
leadership of the accident prevention program
4. Maintaining of accident records to monitor occurrences of accidents and to adapt the
appropriate counter safety measures to prevent its recurrence
5. Education and training of workers as necessary
6. Conduct inspection at frequent intervals to check for unsafe work habits, potential hazards
and unsafe conditions, and then implement corresponding safety measures to prevent
accidents
7. Detection and correction of hazards
8. Provision of first aid facilities
9. Provision of adequate and correct personal protective equipment for the trainee
10. Maintaining a conducive workplace environment

FIRST AID
• An approved method of providing immediate temporary assistance to a casualty of an accident
or sudden illness until a qualified medical practitioner can administer treatment

OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

1. To prevent death
2. To alleviate suffering
3. To prolong life
4. To assist the physician
5. To develop safety consciousness

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY TO HUMAN BODY

1. Heating effect of the current may cause severe burn on the part of the body where the
current entered
2. If slight shock, the current may cause involuntary movements on certain parts of the body
3. If the body incurred a strong shock, the heart or lungs or both may stop and if not treated
immediately, the person will die

Shock will result to death if any of the following occurred:

• Ventricular fibrillation
• Respiratory center paralysis

EMERGENCY STEPS TO TAKE IN CASE OF EMERGENCY

1. Break the connection between the victim and the power source
2. Remove the victim from the current source without endangering himself
3. If the victim has no heart or respiratory action, apply artificial respiration immediately
especially if there is no else but you who can respond to the situation
4. When the victim recovers, call for help

COMMON ELECTRICAL SAFE ACTS AND PRACTICES

1. Have defective appliances or equipment be repaired immediately
2. Wiring installations, maintenance and repair works must be done only by qualified and
responsible engineers, electricians, technicians or individual with sufficient technical know-how
3. Always conduct preventive maintenance and housekeeping of equipment
4. Always use only approved electrical equipment/appliances
5. Always make it a practice to ground electrical equipment/ appliances
6. Always use proper rated protective devices like fuses, circuit breakers, voltage regulators and
uninterrupted power supply as necessary
7. Never overload a circuit as it imposes a fire hazard
8. Generators, motors, control equipment and conductors shall be installed in such a manner
that exposed lived parts are properly guarded or insulated to provide adequate protection
9. Control equipment such as switches, contactors, circuit breakers, etc. carrying 110 volts or
higher shall be installed in such a manner that there will be sufficient room accessible for
inspection, repairs or replacement
10. Switch rooms, generator rooms and substations are restricted areas and notices must be
posted instructing all unauthorized personnel not to enter
11. Insulated tools and rubber protective devices must be regularly inspected, cleaned and high
potential tested.
12. Motor windings should be protected from metal particles, dust, dirt, lint or other materials,
which may damage the windings or become ignited
13. Main feeders and branch wiring carrying 400 volts and higher shall be installed in metal or
PVC conduit.
14. Hands, shoes and clothing equipment must be dry when handling any energized electrical
equipment
15. Always make it a point to check if the voltage required for equipment is the same as the
power source before plugging in
16. In operating electrical equipment, proceed according to manufacturer’s instruction. Never
experiment
17. As much as possible, a person must never work on live equipment alone
18. To ensure that equipment is properly isolated and rendered safe for work as well as the
points of isolation are identified and respected, adapt the “Tag out and Lock out System

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the
safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal of all occupational health and
safety programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect
co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other
members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment. It may involve
interactions among many subject areas, including occupational medicine, occupational (or
industrial) hygiene, public health, safety engineering, chemistry, health physics.

PERSONAL SAFETY WHILE WORKING ALONG WITH PC’s

1. Turn off the computer and all peripherals.

2. Touch an unpainted metal surface on the computer chassis, such as the metal around the
card-slot openings at the back of your computer, before touching anything inside your
computer.

3. Disconnect the computer and peripherals from their electrical outlets. Doing so reduces the
potential for personal injury or shock. Also disconnect any telephone or telecommunication
lines from the computer.
NOTE: Before disconnecting a peripheral from the system or removing a
component from the system board, verify that the standby power light-
emitting diode (LED) on the system board has turned off.

Additional Safety tips:

• Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the
chance of being shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident.

• Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.

• Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned

on.

• Remove all jewelry when working inside any computer related

equipment.

• Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.

• When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down
properly. Do not turn it off with the case switch.

• Don’t eat or drinks while working.

• Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the

computer.

• Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you
in case of accident.

• Be careful of the tools that can cause short circuit.

• Always pull the cable connector on the handle and not on the cable
itself.

• Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete

floor.

• Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a
cable connector.

• Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully.