1.

DEFINITION
2.SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
3. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
4.IMPACTS OF WATER POLLUTION
5. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WATER POLLUTION
6.METHODS OF WATER PURIFICATION
 INTRODUCTION
• Water is a precious resource and without it life is
not possible on earth.
• Water is getting polluted day by day due to
excessive and careless use so the percent of
available drinking water is reducing.
 WATER POLLUTION
• Water pollution can be defined
as presence of solid, liquid or
gaseous contaminants in such
concentration that may alter the
quality of water.
• It is basically the addition of an
excess material or heat to water
that is harmful to the living
organism or which impairs the
beneficial use of water.
 SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
There are various Sources of
sources of water Water Pollution
pollution. The two
chief sources of
water pollution can
be seen as Point and Non-Point
Point Source
Non-Point. Source
POINT SOURCE
• Point refer to the
pollutants that belong
to a single source.
An example of this
would be emissions
from factories into
the water.
NON-POINT SOURCE
• Non-Point on the other
hand means pollutants
emitted from multiple
sources.
Eg : Contaminated water
after rains that has traveled
through several regions,
accumulative effect of small
amounts of contaminants
gathered from a large area
 DOMESTIC

Causes AQUATIC SEWAGE

PLANTS
of
CAUSES
Water
Pollution
OIL INDUSTRY
SPILL
1. Domestic waste -
Dumping of
household waste into
water.
2. Sewage System

Sewage from domestic

households, factories and
commercial buildings
3. Solid Waste
Dumping solid wastes and littering
by humans in rivers, lakes and
oceans. Littering items include
cardboard,aluminum, plastic and
glass. Polythene is the main solid
waste.
4. Industrial Waste
Industrial waste from
factories, which use
freshwater to carry waste
from the plant into rivers,
contaminates waters with
pollutants such as asbestos,
lead, mercury and
petrochemicals.
5. Oil Industry
Water Pollution caused by oil
spills from tankers and oil from
ship travel. Oil does not dissolve
in water and forms a thick
sludge.
6. Aquatic Plants
Water hyacinth, an aquatic plant causes
pollution in water. It is long leaved plant
which grows faster in water bodies and
absorbs all essential nutrients from water
which is fetal for marine organisms. It is also
known as ‘Terror of Bengal’ due to its
abundance.
 Effects of Water Pollution
• Groundwater contamination from pesticides causes reproductive damage within
wildlife in ecosystems.
• Sewage, fertilizer, and agricultural run-off contain organic materials that when
discharged into waters, increase the growth of algae, which causes the depletion
of oxygen. The low oxygen levels are not able to support most indigenous
organisms in the area and therefore upset the natural ecological balance in rivers
and lakes
• Human-produced litter of items such as plastic bags can get aquatic animals
caught and killed from suffocation.
• Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid waste and soil
erosion in streams and rivers.
• Oil spills in the water causes animal to die when they ingest it or
encounter it. Oil does not dissolve in water so it causes
suffocation in fish and birds.
• Disruption of food-chains - Pollution disrupts the natural food
chain as well. Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are eaten by
tiny animals. Later, these animals are consumed by fish and
shellfish, and the food chain continues to be disrupted at all
higher levels.
• Diseases - Eventually, humans are affected by this process as
well. People can get diseases such as hepatitis by eating
seafood that has been poisoned. In many poor nations, there is
always outbreak of cholera and diseases as a result of poor
drinking water treatment from contaminated waters.
 MITIGATION METHODS FOR
WATER POLLUTION
• Turn off the tap when running water is not necessary.
• Use environmental friendly household products.
• Avoid over usage of pesticides and fertilizers
• Don’t throw the non-degradable substances to rivers, lakes or
oceans.
• Pre-treatment of industrial waste water before leaving to
water bodies can help reduce water pollution.
• Rivers should not be used for washing clothes or bathing
animals.
• Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
• Dams & embankments must be created.
• The rivers must not be contaminated.
• Plastics, polythene and other non degradable substances
shouldn’t be thrown in sea, lakes and rivers.
 General Methods for water purification
• Physical Process: Filtration, Sedimentation
• Biological Processes:
a)Slow Sand Filters(Slow sand filtration works primarily through
biological activity that takes place on the surface of a sand bed)
b)Activated Sludge(type of wastewater treatment process for treating
sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc
composed of bacteria and protozoa.)
• Chemical Processes: Chlorination
• Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
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