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Jamca V20 N2 P146-149
Jamca V20 N2 P146-149
Jamca V20 N2 P146-149
ABSTRACT The repellent activity of methanol extracts from 23 aromatic medicinal plant species and a
steam distillate against female blood-starved Aedes aegypti was examined in the laboratoiy Uy skin test and
compared with that of N,N-diethyl-z-toluamide (deet). Responses varied according to plant-speties. At a dose
of 0.1 mg/cm', the repellency of extracts of Cinnamomum cassia bz,rk (9l%o), Naidostichys chinensis rhrzome
(\l%o), Paeonia suffruticosa root bark (8OVo), and Cinnamomum camphora steam distillate (94Vo) was compa-
rable to deet (82Vo). The duration of the effectiveness for extracts from C. cassia bark and N. chinensis rhizome
was comparable to deet and lasted for -l h. Relatively short duration of repellency was observed in P. suffru-
ticosa root bark extract and C. camphora steam distillate. The plants described merit further study as potential
mosquito repellent agents.
KEY WORDS Natural repellent, mosquito, Aecles aegypti, aromatic plant, deet, skin test
146
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JuNe,20O4
with a slight modification was used to determrne termined and transformed to arcsine square root
the repellent activity of test samples against female values for ANOVA. Treatment means were com-
blood-starved Ae. aegypti. Every bioassay was con- pared and separated by the Scheffe test at P : 0.05
ducted from 1200 to 1700 h. In a preliminary test, (SAS Institute 1990). Means -r SE of untrans-
0.1 mg of each plant extract was solubilized in 20 formed data are reported.
pl of ethanol by sonication for l0 sec and provided
an appropriate amount for repellent bioassays. Eth- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
anol (20 pl) was applied directly to exposed skin
through a 5-cm-diameter hole on the back of a rub- The repellent activity of methanol extracts from
ber glove and dried for 3 min. Because biting den- 23 aromatic medicinal plant species and a steam
sity plays an important role in studies of repellency distilfate against starved Ae. aegypti females varied
(Rozendaal 1997), skin was exposed for 5 min in according to plant species (Table 2). At a dose of
a screen wire cage (30 x 30 X 3O cm) containing 0.1 mg/cm2, potent repellency against mosquito
300 blood-starved females (6-8 days old). Imme- adults was obtained with the extracts of Cinnamo-
diately after the control exposure, the hand was re- mum cassia Blume bark (9l%o), Nardostachys chi-
moved from the cage and a dose of 0.1 mg/cm2 of nensis Batalin rhizome (8IVo), Paeonia suffruticosa
each test plant material and deet (Sigma, St. Louis, Andrews root bark (8OVo), and C. camphora steam
MO) in 20 pl of ethanol were applied evenly over distillate (94Vo). Repellency in each case was com-
the skin surface. After air drying for 3 min, the parable to that of deet (82Vo). Eugenia caryophyl-
treated hand was exposed to mosquitoes in the lata Thunb. extract provided 15Vo repellency. The
same test cage for 5 min at 30-min intervals. The other 19 plant extracts exhibited <jOVo repellency.
number of test mosquitoes biting on the skin was We know that plant-derived insect repellent
recorded. Experiments were conducted at28 + 2"C agents are selective, have no or little harmful effect
and 75 t 5Va RH. Each assay was replicated 3 on nontarget organisms or the environment, and can
times. be applied to human skin and clothing in the same
Repellency was calculated according to the for- way as conventional repellents (Curtis et al. 1990,
mula from Schreck et al. (1977): Ea rcpellency : Isman 1995, Rozendaal 1997). Furthennore, many
- Tb)/Ta] X 100, where Ta is the number of plant extracts and essential oils manifest repellent
[(Ta
mosquitoes in the control and Tb is the number of activity against different mosquito species (Curtis
mosquitoes in the treated group. et al. 1990, Sukumar et al. 1991, Rozendaal 1997).
Statistical analyses: Percent repellency was de- Sukumar et al. (1991) noted that the most promis-
148 JounNel oF TFiBAuBnrceN Mosquno CoNrnol Assocrerroll Vor-. 20, No. 2
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