In a lifting machine, an effort of 500 N is to be moved by a distance of

20 m to raise a load of 10,000 N by a distance of 0.8 m. Determine the

velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency of the machine.
Determine also ideal effort, effort lost in friction, ideal load and
frictional resistance.
Load, W = 10,000 N, Effort P = 500 N
Distance moved by the effort D = 20 m,
Distance moved by the load d = 0.8 m
In a simple machine, whose velocity ratio is 30, a load of 2400 N is
lifted by an effort of 150 N and a load of 3000 N is lifted by an effort of
80 N. Find the law of machine and calculate the load that could be
lifted by a force of 200 N. Calculate also: (1) The amount of effort
wasted in overcoming the friction, (2) Mechanical advantage, and
(3) The efficiency.
Let the law of machine be P = mW + C
In the first case, P = 150 N, and W = 2400 N
In the second case, P = 180 N and W = 3000 N
150 = 2400 m + C ......................(1)
180 = 3000 m + C ......................(2)
Subtracting eqn. (1) from eqn. (2), we get
30 = 600 m or m = 0.05
Substituting this value in eqn. (1), we get
150 = 120 + C
Hence, the law of machine is P = 0.05 W + 30 .........(3)
The efforts required for lifting various loads by a lifting machine are
tabulated below: Determine the law of machine. If the velocity ratio is
25, calculate efficiency at each load and plot efficiency versus load
curve. From this curve, determine the maximum efficiency.
Load lifted in N 100 200 300 400 500 600
Effort required in N 16.0 22.5 28.0 34.0 40.5 46.5

By drawing the graph of

effort versus load as shown
in figure, C = 10 N and slope
m = 30/500 = 0.06
Table below shows the calculation of efficiency for various loads:
Load lifted in N 100 200 300 400 500 600
Effort required in N 16.0 22.5 28.0 34.0 40.5 46.5
Efficiency in % 25 36.56 42.86 47.06 49.38 51.61

From the graph maximum efficiency is seen as 57%. Actually if it is plotted

for infinitely large load, maximum efficiency will be equal to
In a lifting machine in which velocity ratio is 30, a load of 5000 N is
lifted with an effort of 360 N. Determine whether it is self-locking or
reversible machine. How much is the frictional resistance?
VR = 30, W = 5000 N, P = 360 N
Following are the specifications of a single purchase crab: Diameter of
the load drum = 200 mm, Length of lever arm R = 1.2 m, Number of
teeth on pinion, T1 = 10, Number of teeth on spur wheel, T2 = 100. Find
the velocity ratio of this machine. On this machine efforts of 100 N and
160 N are required to lift the load of 3 kN and 9 kN, respectively. Find
the law of the machine and the efficiencies at the above loads.
 Let the law of machine be P = mW + C
In first case: P = 100 N; W = 3 kN = 3000 N
∴ 100 = m × 3000 + C ...........(1)
In the second case: P = 160 N; and W = 9 kN = 9000 N
∴ 160 = m × 9000 + C ...........(2)
A screw jack has square threads 50 mm mean diameter and 10 mm
pitch. The load on the jack revolves with the screw. The coefficient of
friction at the screw thread is 0.05. (1) Find the tangential force required
at the end of 300 mm lever to lift a load of 6000 N. (2) State whether
the jack is self-locking. If not, find the torque which must be applied to
keep the load from descending.
What force P is required to raise a load of 2500 N in the system of
pulleys shown in Figure. Assume efficiency of the system to be equal
to 70%.

Figure (a) can be split into two simple systems as shown in Figs. (b) and
(c). What is shown in Fig. (b) is a third order pulley system having two
pulleys.