Power Screws and

Fasteners

Image: A collection of threaded fasteners.

Reference :
Chapter 15: Fasteners and Power Screws
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Thread Profile Parameters

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Thread Profile Parameters

Figure 15.1 Parameters used in defining terminology of thread

profile.

Text Reference: Figure 15.1, page 667

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Threads

Figure 15.2 (a) Single l = p, (b) double l = 2p, and (c) triple threaded
screws.

Hubungan antara pitch and threads

p = 1/n ; n = threads per inch
Text Reference: Figure 15.2, page 667
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Threaded Fasteners: UNS & ISO

• UNS = Unified National Standard. Threads are

specified by the bolt or screw diameter (also
called the major diameter)in inches, and the
number of threads per inch.
• ISO = International Standards Organization.
Threads are specified by the major diameter in
mm, and the pitch, or, number of mm per
thread.
• Generally UNS and ISO threads are NOT
interchangeable. (3mm is close to 1/8”….)
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Threaded Fasteners – UNS

The specification is written in the format

“Dia – threads/in – UNC or UNF – class and
internal or external – RH or LH.”
UNC = Unified National Coarse
UNF = Unified National Fine
Class ranges from 1 (cheap & inaccurate) to 3
(expensive & precise). Class 2 is common.
A = external, B = internal

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Threaded Fasteners – UNS

RH = right hand threads, LH = left hand

Example thus would be:
½ – 13 UNC – 2A – RH
Notes:
1. “UNF” and “UNC” are redundant information.
2. For diameters less than ¼”, a numeric “size” is
specified instead of the diameter.

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Threaded Fasteners – ISO

Metric designations are a little simpler.

Preceded by an “M,” then the diameter in
mm, then the pitch (mm per thread, not
threads per mm). There are also coarse and
fine threads in the ISO system.

Examples: M10 x 1.5

M10 x 1.25

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Thread Profiles

Figure 15.3 Thread profiles. (a) ACME; (b) UN.

C– coarse-pitch threads
F – fine-pitch threads
EF – extra-fine-pitch threads

Text Reference: Figure 15.3, page 668

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 M and UN Thread Profiles

Figure 15.4 Details of M and UN thread profiles.

Text Reference: Figure 15.4, page 668

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Thread Classifications

Inc h seri es Metric seri es

Bol ts Nuts Bo lts Nuts
1A 1B 8g 7H
2A 2B 6g 6H
3A 3B 8h 5H

Table 15.1 Inch and metric equivalent thread classification.

MF 6 x 1 mm
M = metric
F = Fine
6 = crest diameter
1 = pitch distance of 1 mm

Text Reference: Table 15.1, page 669

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 ACME Thread Profile

Figure 15.5 Details of ACME thread profile. (All dimensions are

in inches.)

Text Reference: Figure 15.5, page 670

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 ACME Thread Properties
Cres t diameter, N umber of Tens ile s tres s S hear s tres s
d c, in. threads per inch, a area, A t, in 2 area, A s, in 2
n
1/4 16 0.02663 0.3355
5/16 14 0.04438 0.4344
3/8 12 0.06589 0.5276
7/16 12 0.09720 0.6396
1/2 10 0.1225 0.7278
5/8 8 0.1955 0.9180
3/4 6 0.2732 1.084
7/8 6 0.4003 1.313
1 5 0.5175 1.493
1 1/8 5 0.6881 1.722
1 1/4 5 0.8831 1.952
1 3/8 4 1.030 2.110
1 1/2 4 1.266 2.341
1 3/4 4 1.811 2.803
2 4 2.454 3.262
2 1/4 3 2.982 3.610
2 1/2 3 3.802 4.075
2 3/4 3 4.711 4.538
3 2 5.181 4.757
3 1/2 2 7.338 5.700
4 2 9.985 6.640
4 1/2 2 12.972 7.577
5 2 16.351 8.511

Table 15.2 Crest diameters, threads per inch, and stresses for Acme thread.

Text Reference: Table 15.2, page 671

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Power Screw with Collar

Figure 15.6 Dimensions and

angles of power screw with
collar.

Text Reference: Figure 15.6, page 672

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Examples of Power Screw

Text Reference: Table 15.2, page 671

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Power Screw Forces

Figure 15.7 Forces acting in raising load of power screw. (a) Forces acting on
parallelepiped; (b) forces acting on axial section; (c) forces acting on tangential plane.

Text Reference: Figure 15.7, page 673

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Raising the Load
Pn cos Өn cos - Pn sin = W
Tr = Pn (dp/2)(cos Өn sin + cos) + rc cW
Lowering the Load
Pn cos Өn cos + Pn sin = W
Tl = Pn (dp/2)(cos Өn sin - cos) -rc cW

Self Locking
 < cos Өn tan

Contoh soal
Text Reference: Figure 15.9, page 680
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Types of Threaded Fasteners

Figure 15.8 Three types of threaded fastener. (a) Bolt and nut; (c) Cap
screw; (c) stud.

Text Reference: Figure 15.8, page 679

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Connection Simulated as Bolt and Joint Springs

Figure 15.9 Bolt-and-nut assembly

simulated as bolt-and-joint spring.

k = stifness

Text Reference: Figure 15.9, page 680

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Force vs. Deflection
of Bolt and Member
Figure 15.10 Force versus deflection of
bolt and member. (s) Seperated bolt and
joint; (b) assembled bolt and joint.

b = bolt = tarik/mulur
j = member/plate = tekan
Text Reference: Figure 15.10, page 680
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Force vs. Deflection with External Load

Figure 15.11 Forces versus deflection of bolt and joint when external load is applied.
Text Reference: Figure 15.11, page 681
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Bolt and Nut

Figure 15.12 Bolt and

nut. (a) Assembled;
(b) stepped-shaft
representation of
shank and threaded
section.

Text Reference: Figure 15.12, page 682

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Bolt and Nut Assembly

Figure 15.13 Bolt-and-nut

assembly with conical fustrum
stress representation of joint.

Text Reference: Figure 15.13, page 683

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Constants for Joint Stiffness Formula

Modulus of
Poiss on’s Elasticity, E, Numerical Constants
Material ratio,  GPa Ai Bi
Steel 0. 291 206. 8 0. 78715 0.62873
Aluminum 0. 334 71.0 0. 79670 0.63816
Copper 0. 326 118. 6 0. 79568 0.63553
Gray cast iron 0. 211 100. 0 0. 77871 0.61616

Table 15.3 Constants used in joint stiffness formula [Eq. (15.26)] [From
Wileman et al (1991)]

Text Reference: Table 15.3, page 684

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Example 15.6

Figure 15.14 Hexagonal bolt-and-nut assembly used in Example 15.6. (a)

Assembly and dimensions; (b) dimensions of frustum cone. (All dimensions
are in millimeters.)
Text Reference: Figure 15.14, page 685
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Strength of Bolts (Inches)

Range of Ultimate
cres t tensile Yield Proof
diameters, s trength, S ut, strength, S y, s trength, S p ,
SAE grade in. ksi ksi ks i
1 1/4 - 1 1/2 60 36 33
2 1/4 - 3/4 74 57 55
3/4-1 1/2 60 36 33
4 1/4 - 1 1/2 115 100 65
5 1/4 - 1 120 92 85
1 - 1 1/2 105 81 74
7 1/4 - 1 1/2 133 115 105
8 1/4 - 1 1/2 150 130 120

Table 15.4 Strength of steel bolts for various sizes in inches.

Text Reference: Table 15.4, page 687

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Strength of Bolts (Millimeters)

Ultimate
Crest tensile Yield Proof
diameter, dc , strength, Sut, strength, S y, strength, Sp ,
Metric grade mm MPa MPa MPa
4.6 M 5-M 36 400 240 225
4.8 M 1.6-M 16 420 340a 310
5.8 M 5-M 24 520 415a 380
8.8 M 17-M 36 830 660 600
9.8 M 1.6-M 16 900 720a 650
10.9 M 6-M 36 1040 940 830
12.9 M 1.6-M 36 1220 1100 970
aYield strength approximate and not included in standard.

Table 15.5 Strength of steel bolts for various sizes in millimeters.

©1998 McGraw-Hill Text Reference: Table 15.5, page 687 Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Coarse and Fine Thread Dimensions
Coars e Threads (U NC) Fine Threads (U N F)
Cres t N umber of Tens ile N umber of Tens ile
diameter, threads per s tres s area, threads per s tres s area,
d c, in. inch, n A t, in. 2 inch, n A t, in. 2
0.0600 - - 80 0.00180
0.0730 64 0.00263 72 0.00278
0.0860 56 0.00370 64 0.00394
0.0990 48 0.00487 56 0.00523 Table 15.6 Dimensions
0.1120 40 0.00604 48 0.00661
0.1250 40 0.00796 44 0.00830 and tensile stress areas for
0.1380 32 0.00909 40 0.01015
0.1640 32 0.0140 36 0.01474 UN coarse and fine
0.1900 24 0.0175 32 0.0200 threads.
0.2160 24 0.0242 28 0.0258
0.3500 20 0.0318 28 0.0364
0.3125 18 0.0524 24 0.0580
0.3750 16 0.0775 24 0.0878
0.4735 14 0.1063 20 0.1187
0.5000 13 0.1419 20 0.1599
0.5625 12 0.182 18 0.203
0.6250 11 0.226 18 0.256
0.7500 10 0.334 16 0.373
0.8750 9 0.462 14 0.509
1.000 8 0.606 12 0.663
1.125 7 0.763 12 0.856
1.250 7 0.969 12 1.073
1.375 6 1.155 12 1.315
1.500 6 1.405 12 1.581
1.750 5 1.90 - -
2.000 4 1/2 2.50 - -

©1998 McGraw-Hill Text Reference: Table 15.6, page 687 Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Coarse and Fine Thread Dimensions - Metric

Coars e Threads (MC) Fine Threads (MF)

Cres t Tens ile Tens ile
diameter, Pitch, p, s tres s area, Pitch, p, s tres s area,
d c, mm mm A t, mm2 mm A t, mm2
1 0.25 0.460 - -
1.6 0.35 1.27 0.20 1.57 Table 15.7 Dimensions
2 0.4 2.07 .25 2.45
2.5 0.45 3.39 .35 3.70 and tensile stress areas for
3 0.5 5.03 .35 5.61
4 0.7 8.78 .5 9.79 metric coarse and fine
5 0.8 14.2 .5 16.1 threads.
6 1 20.1 .75 22
8 1.25 36.6 1 39.2
10 1.5 58.0 1.25 61.2
12 1.75 84.3 1.25 92.1
16 2 157 1.5 167
20 2.5 245 1.5 272
24 3 353 2 384
30 3.5 561 2 621
36 4 817 3 865
42 4.5 1121 - -
48 5 1473 - -

Text Reference: Table 15.7, page 69

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Separation of Joint

Figure 15.15 Separation of joint.

Text Reference: Figure 15.15, page 690

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Cyclic Load

Figure 15.16 Forces versus deflection of bolt and joint as function of

time.

Text Reference: Figure 15.16, page 691

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Fatigue Stress Concentration Factors

Metric Ro lled Cut Fillet

SAE grade g rade threads threads
0-2 3.6-5.8 2.2 2.8 2.1
4-8 6.6-10.9 3.0 3.8 2.3

Table 15.8 Fatigue stress concentration factors for threaded elements.

Text Reference: Table 15.8, page 692

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Gasketed Joint

Figure 15.17 Threaded fastener with unconfined

gasket and two other members.

Text Reference: Figure 15.17, page 694

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 BOLT AND NUT DESIGN
RS KHURMI

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 (gasket)

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 Contoh
hal. 410
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 TUGAS INDIVIDU SAMBUNGAN

Buat suatu Narasi Descriptive dari suatu kasus sambungan yang

anda pilih (dari kondisi yang sebenarnya) :
- Ceritakan tentang alat secara keseluruhan
- cerita fokus kepada sambungannya
- Buat FBD
- Analisa kekuatan
Dikumpulkan hari Jum’at 20 Februari 2011 (pada saat kuliah)
Diketik rapih (A4 - 1,5 spasi)
Bisa Welding join, Rivet join, PIN join, bolt and nut join, power
screw

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©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid