Mohammad Azam Khan

M.Tech.
Industrial & Production

PUMPS
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 HYDRAULIC PUMP
• A pump is the heart of the hydraulic system, convert mechanical energy
into hydraulic energy.
• Main purpose of the pump is to create the flow of oil through the
system & thus assist transfer of power & motion.
• The combined pumping and driving motor unit is known as hydraulic
pump.
• The hydraulic pump takes hydraulic fluid (mostly some oil) from the
storage tank and delivers it to the rest of the hydraulic circuit.
• In general, the speed of pump is constant and the pump delivers an
equal volume of oil in each revolution.

Mohammad Azam Khan

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 HYDRAULIC PUMP

• The hydraulic pumps are characterized by its flow rate capacity, power
consumption, drive speed, pressure delivered at the outlet and efficiency of
the pump.
• The pumps are not 100% efficient.
• The efficiency of a pump can be specified by two ways:
– One is the volumetric efficiency which is the ratio of actual volume of fluid
delivered to the maximum theoretical volume possible.
– Second is power efficiency which is the ratio of output hydraulic power to the
input mechanical/electrical power.
• The typical efficiency of pumps varies from 90-98%.

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 HYDRAULIC PUMP
• The hydraulic pumps can be of two types:
– centrifugal pump
– reciprocating pump

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

• Centrifugal pump uses rotational kinetic

energy to deliver the fluid.
• The rotational energy typically comes
from an engine or electric motor.

• The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis, accelerates in the
propeller and flung out to the periphery by centrifugal force as shown in figure.
• In centrifugal pump the delivery is not constant and varies according to the outlet pressure.

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

• These pumps are not suitable for high pressure applications and are
generally used for low-pressure and high-volume flow applications.
• The maximum pressure capacity is limited to 20-30 bars.
• Most of the centrifugal pumps are not self-priming and the pump
casing needs to be filled with liquid before the pump is started.

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 RECIPROCATING OR POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT PUMP
• The reciprocating pump is a positive plunger pump. It is also known as
positive- displacement pump or piston pump.
• It is often used where relatively small quantity is to be handled and the
delivery pressure is quite large. The construction of these pumps is
similar to the four stroke engine as shown in figure.

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 RECIPROCATING OR POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT PUMP
• The crank is driven by some external rotating motor.
• The piston of pump reciprocates due to crank rotation. The piston moves
down in one half of crank rotation, the inlet valve opens and fluid enters
into the cylinder.
• In second half crank rotation the piston moves up, the outlet valve opens
and the fluid moves out from the outlet.
• At a time, only one valve is opened and another is closed so there is no fluid
leakage.
• Depending on the area of cylinder the pump delivers constant volume of
fluid in each cycle independent to the pressure at the output port.

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 CLASSIFICATION
OF
HYDRAULIC PUMPS

• These are mainly classified into two categories:

Pump

Hydrostatic Hydrodynamic

(Positive displacement) (Non-Positive displacement)

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 POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
• This pump ejects fixed quantity of fluid per revolution of the pump shaft.
The pump outlet flow is constant & is not depended on the system pressure.
So they are suited for fluid power system.
• Positive displacement pumps must be protected against overload. The
reason is that, it continues to eject fluid (even though it has no place to go)
causing an extremely rapid build up of pressure.

• Example: Gear pump, Vane pump, piston pump.

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 ADVANTAGES OF POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

• PD pumps are widely used in hydraulic system

• They generate high pressure
• They are relatively small & enjoy very high power to weight ratio.
• They have greater flexibility of performance under varying speed pressure
requirement.

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 CONSTRUCTION & PRINCIPAL
OF PD PUMPS..
• Reciprocating pump are generally cylinders with operating as a pump.
• They are available in various size, shape & driving mechanisms. Due to
high pressure they are used for specialized applications.

• A pump using this principle is known as piston pump.

• Rotary pump are most common in oil hydraulics system when low to
medium pressure is the prime consideration.
– The 3 prime types are:
– 1) Gear, 2) Vane, 3) Screw

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 GEAR PUMPS
• Gear pump is a robust and simple positive displacement pump. It has two
meshed gears revolving about their respective axes.
• The rigid design of the gears and houses allow for very high
pressures and the ability to pump highly viscous fluids.
• They are suitable for a wide range of fluids and offer self - priming
performance.

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 GEAR PUMPS
• Based upon the design, the gear pumps are classified as:
– External gear pumps
– Lobe pumps
– Internal gear pumps
– Gerotor pumps

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 EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
• External gear pumps have two mating gear in a closed fitted
housing. One of the gear is connected to a drive shaft connected to
the prime mover.

• The 2nd one, the follower gear is driven as it meshes with the driver
gear.

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 INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

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GEROTOR pumps
LOBE pumps
HOW EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
WORK !

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 GENERALLY GEAR PUMPS
ARE USED TO PUMP
• Petrochemicals: Diesel oil, crude oil, lube oil etc.
• Chemicals: Sodium silicate, acids, plastics, mixed chemicals etc.
• Paint and ink
• Resins and adhesives
• Pulp and paper: acid, soap, lye, black liquor, lime, sludge etc.
• Food: Chocolate, cacao butter, fillers, sugar, vegetable fats and oils,
animal food etc.

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 PISTON PUMPS

• Piston pumps are meant for the high-pressure applications. These pumps
have high efficiency and simple design and needs lower maintenance.
• These pumps convert the rotary motion of the input shaft to the
reciprocating motion of the piston. These pumps work similar to the
four stroke engines.
• They work on the principle that a reciprocating piston draws fluid inside
the cylinder when the piston retracts in a cylinder bore and discharge the
fluid when it extends.
• These pumps are positive displacement pump and can be used for both
liquids and gases.

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 PISTON PUMPS TYPES
• Piston pumps are basically of two types:
– Axial piston pumps
• Bent axis piston pumps
• Swash plate axial piston pump
– Radial piston pumps

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 HAND PUMPS
• Hand pumps are basically of two types:
– Single Stroke
– Double Stroke

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 AXIAL PISTON PUMP
• Axial piston pumps are positive displacement pumps which converts
rotary motion of the input shaft into an axial reciprocating motion of
the pistons.
• These pumps have a number of pistons (usually an odd number) in a
circular array within a housing which is commonly referred to as a
cylinder block, rotor or barrel.

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 BENT AXIS PUMP
Bent axis pumps, axial piston pumps and motors using the bent axis principle, fixed
or adjustable displacement, exists in two different basic designs. The Thoma-principle
(engineer Hans Thoma, Germany, patent 1935) with max 25 degrees angle and the
Wahlmark-principle (Gunnar Axel Wahlmark, patent 1960) with spherical-shaped
pistons in one piece with the piston rod, piston rings, and maximum 40 degrees
between the driveshaft centreline and pistons (Volvo Hydraulics Co.). These have the
best efficiency of all pumps. Although in general the largest displacements are
approximately one litre per revolution.
RADIAL PISTON/PLUNGER PUMP

A radial piston pump is

a form of hydraulic
pump.

The working pistons

extend in a radial
direction symmetrically
around the drive shaft,
in contrast to the
axial piston pump.
 VANE PUMP
• FIXED DISPLACEMENT TYPE
 VANE PUMP
• VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT TYPE
 SCREW PUMP
Screw Pump (fixed displacement) consist of two Archimedes’ screw that
intermesh and are enclosed within the same chamber. These pumps are
used for high flows at relatively low pressure (max 100 bars
(10,000 kPa)). They were used on board ships where a constant pressure
hydraulic system extended through the whole ship, especially to
control ball valves but also to help drive the steering gear and other
systems. The advantage of the screw pumps is the low sound level of
these pumps; however, the efficiency is not high.
 SCREW PUMP
The major problem of screw pumps is that the hydraulic reaction force is
transmitted in a direction that's axially opposed to the direction of the flow.
There are two ways to overcome this problem:
1.put a thrust bearing beneath each rotor;
2.create a hydraulic balance by directing a hydraulic force to a piston under the
rotor.
Types of screw pumps:
1.single end
2.double end
3.single rotor
4.multi rotor timed
5.multi rotor untimed.
 COMBINATION PUMP

• Two basic requirements for load lifting or

load applying by a hydraulic ram.
• First, there is a need of large volume of fluid
at a low pressure when the cylinder extends
or retracts. The low pressure is required to
overcome the frictional resistance.
• The second requirement is that a high
pressure is needed, when the load is
gripped.

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 COMBINATION PUMP

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 COMBINATION PUMP
• In this system two separate pumps are driven by a common electrical
motor.
• Pump P1 is a high pressure low volume pump and pump P2 is a high
volume low pressure pump.
• The hydraulic system is associated with relief valves RV1 and RV2 and a
one-way check valve CV1.
• This kind of arrangement allows the fluid flow from left to right.
• This kind of arrangement saves energy as the large volume of fluid from
pump P2 is returned to the tank at a very low pressure, and only a small
volume of fluid from pump P1 is returned at a high pressure.

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 Hydraulic pumps
calculation formulas
 Hydraulic pumps
calculation formulas
 Hydraulic pumps
calculation formulas
 Hydraulic pumps
calculation formulas