Yuristia Wira Cholifah, M.Hum.

▪ Annotating is any action that

deliberately interacts with a text to
enhance the reader's understanding of,
recall of, and reaction to the text.
▪ It involves highlighting or underlining
key pieces of text and making notes in
the margins of the text.
▪ By annotating a text, you will ensure that
you understand what is happening in a
text after you have read it.
▪ As you annotate, you should note the
author's main points, shifts in the message
or perspective of the text, key areas of
focus, and your own thoughts as you read.
• Should have clear purpose

• Should have some questions in

mind

• Summarize ---- 1 sentence

Note: without clear purpose and

questions, it is impossible to
annotate.
• Underline important terms.
• Circle definitions and meanings.

• (old method)
• Write key words and definitions in the
margin.
• Signal where important information can
be found with key words or symbols in
the margin.
• Write short summaries in the margin at
the end of sub-units. (use sticky notes if
you do not want to scribble on your book)
• Write the questions in the margin
next to the section where the answer
is found.
• Indicate steps in a process by using
numbers in the margin.
❖HOW DOES MEMORY WORK?
Human memory works on two different
levels: short term memory and long
term memory.
❖Long term memory
This includes all the
information that you
know and can recall. In
many ways, it becomes
a part of you. Once
information becomes a
part of your long term
memory, you'll have
access to it for a long
time.
❖ Short term memory
This includes what you focus on in the moment,
what holds your attention. Most people can only
hold about 7 items of information in short term
memory at any given moment, although some can
hold up to nine.
Look at example A below. Then look away from
your computer screen and try to hold it in your
short term memory.
A = 6593028
Most likely, you can hold it as long as you choose.
Now follow the same procedure with example B.
B = 573927450621
It's much more difficult, if not impossible, for
most people.
Short term memory is exactly what the name
says: short term. To learn information so you can
retain and recall it, you must transfer it from
short term to long term memory.
FROM SHORT TERM TO LONG TERM
How do you move information into long term
memory? Two of the ways are: rote learning and
learning through understanding.

Rote learning means learning through repetition,

mechanically, with little understanding. For
example, as a child you probably memorized the
alphabet and the multiplication tables by rote.
Learning through understanding involves learning
and remembering by understanding the
relationships among ideas and information.
Rather than using rote memory, you use logical
memory when you learn through understanding.
For example, you use logical memory when you
remember main ideas and supporting details
from a lecture not because you repeat the ideas
in your mind, but rather, because you
understand them.
▪A list of citations to books, articles,
and documents
▪In short, your own “note” on
book(s)
▪ How to make one:
1. Name the file with the book title
2. Write the book information at the first page:
Rowling, J.K. (1997). Harry Potter and The
Philosopher’s Stone. Bloomsbury: London.
▪ Next, write down the summary and quote(s) that
you find resourceful.
“It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our
enemies, but just as much to stand up to our
friends.” (Rowling, 1997: 457)
▪ Waite, L. J., Goldschneider, F. K., & Witsberger, C. (1986).
Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family
orientations among young adults. American Sociological
Review, 51, 541-554.
The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown
University, use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of
Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that
nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values,
plans, and expectations, moving them away from their belief in
traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly
supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in
studies of young males. Increasing the time away from parents
before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and
changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study
by Williams cited below shows no significant gender
differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living.
▪ New way of annotating

▪ One way to organize and map the

information is by using “Mind Map”
which is very popular among biz
people.
▪ It is an alternative way of non linier
thinking
▪ The easiest way to organize information
▪ Information is presented in the form of
a map
▪Download miMind in Play
Store or App Store.

▪Discussion on eKuliah