NAME: Jerald Jay C.

Catacutan
PROGRAM / YR / BLK: BS- Accountancy 2B
COURSE CODE / TITLE: AEC9 – Business Logic
TIME / DAY: 1:00-2:30 pm

CHAPTER 1

Self-Assessment Questions 1-1

1. Briefly discuss the history of computer programming. (10 pts.)

Final:

Computer programming is important today because so much of our world is

automated. In 1833, Ada Lovelace is credited as being the first person to describe or
write a computer program. She described an algorithm to compute Bernoulli numbers
using the Analytical Engine. She worked with Charles Babbage on his very early
mechanical computer. Lovelace translated an Italian article on the machines
capabilities. The program that Ada Lovelace wrote was for Charles Babbage’s
‘’Analytical Engine’’, a mechanical general- purpose computer he designs, but never
completed. In these notes, she not only explained the engine more clearly than
Babbage had been able to, but she also described an algorithm it could carry out that
is often considered to be the world’s first computer program. One of the first
programming languages, FORTRAN, was introduced to the public on October 15,
1956. It was developed by John Backus and others at IBM. The second-oldest
programming language, LISP was developed by John McCarthy and was first used in
1958. The original BASIC programming language was developed by John Kemeny,
Mary Keller, and Thomas Kurtz, and was introduced to the public on May 1, 1964.
Development of the C++ programming language was started in 1979 by Bjarne
Stroustrup. Originally called "C with classes," C++ is one of the most widely-used
programming languages. Cleve Moler started developing the MATLAB programming
language in the late 1970s, and it was released to the public, along with the MATLAB
software package, in 1984. Engineers at Apple developed the Dylan programming
language in the early 1990s. Dylan was designed to resemble the syntax of the ALGOL
programming language. Java was developed by James Gosling and other developers at
Sun Microsystems, and was first introduced to the public in 1995. Based on C++ and
Java, the C# programming language was developed by Microsoft and introduced in
June 2000. C# became an ISO standard in 2003. Babel is a general-purpose
programming language developed in 2014 and used to create programs for conserving
battery life and system resources on devices. Created by Apple and released on June
2, 2014, the Swift programming language helps create programs and apps for iOS,
macOS, the Apple Watch, and AppleTV. Graydon Hoare started development of the
Rust programming language around 2010. After contributions from hundreds of
people, it was officially released as version 1.0.0 alpha by Mozilla research on January
9, 2015.

Computer programming is essential in our world today, running the systems for
almost every device we use. Computer programming languages allow us to tell
machines what to do. Machines and humans “think” very differently, so programming
languages are necessary to bridge that gap.

The first computer programming language was created in 1883, when a woman named
Ada Lovelace worked with Charles Babbage on his very early mechanical computer,
the Analytical Engine. While Babbage was concerned with simply computing numbers,
Lovelace saw that the numbers the computer worked with could represent something
other than just amounts of things. She wrote an algorithm for the Analytical Engine
that was the first of its kind. Because of her contribution, Lovelace is credited with
creating the first computer programming language. As different needs have arisen and
new devices have been created, many more languages have followed.

Below is the detailed history of computer programming:

Year Event
Ada Lovelace is credited as being the first person to describe or write a
1843 computer program. In 1843, she described an algorithm to compute Bernoulli
numbers using the Analytical Engine.
The Hollerith tabulating machine was invented by Herman Hollerith in 1889,
1889
allowing for data to be programmatically counted and tabulated.
One of the first programming languages, FORTRAN, was introduced to the
1956 public on October 15, 1956. It was developed by John Backus and others at
IBM.
The second-oldest programming language, LISP was developed by John
1958
McCarthy and was first used in 1958.
1959 COBOL started being developed in 1959 by Grace Hopper and Bob Bemer.
The original BASIC programming language was developed by John Kemeny,
1964 Mary Keller, and Thomas Kurtz, and was introduced to the public on May 1,
1964.
Simula is considered the first ever object-oriented programming language,
1965
developed around 1965 by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard.
Martin Richards developed the BCPL programming language in 1966, which
1966
became popular due to its portability.
The MUMPS programming language was developed by Neil Pappalardo at
1966
Massachusetts General Hospital in 1966.
Known for its graphics capabilities, Logo was created by Seymour Papert in
1967
1967.
1971 Pascal was developed in 1971 by Niklaus Wirth.
Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan developed the C programming language at
1972
Bell Labs in 1972.
The Prolog programming language was developed by Alain Colmerauer and
1972
colleagues in 1972 at the University of Marseilles.
Smalltalk was the second ever object-oriented programming language and the
1972
first true IDE, developed by Alan Kay and others at Xerox PARC in 1972.
SQL is a database programming language and was developed by Edgar Codd in
1974
1974 and is still important in the programming language world.
A variation of LISP, the Scheme programming language was created in 1975 by
1975
Guy Steele and Gerry Sussman at MIT's Artificial Intelligence lab.
The Altair BASIC programming language was developed by Bill Gates, Paul
1975 Allen, and Monte Davidoff, and was made available for use on January 2, 1975.
It was used to create programs for Altair computers.
Development of the C++ programming language was started in 1979 by Bjarne
1979 Stroustrup. Originally called "C with classes," C++ is one of the most widely-
used programming languages.
1979 Oracle released the first commercial version of SQL in 1979.
The Department of Defense developed the Ada programming language,
1979
originally named DoD-1, and named it after Ada Lovelace in May 1979.
FoxPro is a programming language for developing database applications and
1984
was released by Fox Software in 1984.
Cleve Moler started developing the MATLAB programming language in the late
1984 1970s, and it was released to the public, along with the MATLAB software
package, in 1984.
The open source programming language Perl that was developed by Larry Wall
1987 was introduced in 1987. It is commonly used in creating CGI scripts and
programming web applications.
 Developed in the mid-1980s by Brad Cox and Tom Love, the Objective-C
1988
programming language was officially licensed by NeXT in 1988.
Tim Berners-Lee developed the HTML markup language in 1990. HTML is one
1990
of the most popular and widely-used programming languages in the world.
1990 Haskell, a general-purpose programming language, was introduced in 1990.
Engineers at Apple developed the Dylan programming language in the early
1990 1990s. Dylan was designed to resemble the syntax of the ALGOL programming
language.
Development of Python was started in 1989 by Guido van Rossum and released
1991
to the public in 1991.
1991 Visual Basic was developed by Alan Cooper and released in May 1991.
Lua was created in 1993 by engineers at the Pontifical Catholic University of
1993
Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
R is a programming language created by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka
1993
and introduced in 1993.
The concept of CSS was started by Håkon Wium Lie in 1994. W3C introduced
1994
the specification for CSS in 1996.
Java was developed by James Gosling and other developers at Sun
1995
Microsystems, and was first introduced to the public in 1995.
The object-oriented programming language Ruby developed by Yukihiro
1995
Matsumoto was first released in 1995.
The experimental, multi-paradigm Curry programming language was
1995 introduced by Michael Hanus, Herbert Kuchen, and Juan Jose Moreno-
Navarro in 1995.
Racket is a general purpose programming language developed by Matthias
1995
Felleisen in 1995.
A server-side interpreted scripting language, PHP was developed by Rasmus
1995
Lerdorf starting in 1994 and released on June 8, 1995.
Originally named LiveScript when released in November 1995, JavaScript was
1995
developed by Brendan Eich and renamed as such in December 1995.
Introduced in 1996, OCaml is an object-oriented version of the Caml
1996
programming language.
XML is a markup language, with the specification for XML being developed by
1998
W3C and recommended on February 10, 1998.
Development of the D programming language started in December 1999. D is a
1999
higher level language compared to C++.
Based on C++ and Java, the C# programming language was developed by
2000
Microsoft and introduced in June 2000. C# became an ISO standard in 2003.
2003 The object-oriented programming language Scala was introduced in 2003.
Don Syme developed the F# programming language and Microsoft first
2005
introduced it in 2005.
The Go programming language was developed at Google starting in 2007. It
2007
was completed and introduced to the public in 2009.
Rich Hickey developed the Clojure programming language and released the first
2007
version in 2007.
Introduced in 2008, Nim is a programming language used to develop software
2008
requiring strict limits on how system memory is used.
2008 The object-oriented programming language Reia was introduced in 2008.
The multi-paradigm CoffeeScript programming language, capable of being
2010
compiled into JavaScript, was officially released in 2010.
Google developed the open source web-based Dart programming language,
2011
introducing it to the public in October 2011.
Julia was developed by Jeff Bezanson, Alan Edelman, Stefan Karpinski, and
2012 Viral B. Shah and released in 2012. It is a high-level programming language
used for scientific computing.
Babel is a general-purpose programming language developed in 2014 and used
2014
to create programs for conserving battery life and system resources on devices.
2014 Created by Apple and released on June 2, 2014, the Swift programming
 language helps create programs and apps for iOS, macOS, the Apple Watch,
and AppleTV.
Graydon Hoare started development of the Rust programming language around
2015 2010. After contributions from hundreds of people, it was officially released as
version 1.0.0 alpha by Mozilla research on January 9, 2015.

Sources:
https://www.computerhope.com/history/programming.htm
https://www.onlinecollegeplan.com/computer-programming-languages/