CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Related Literature

https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-020-0090-1

‘Wet markets’ is a collective term for heterogeneous businesses; the adjective ‘wet’

relates to the water and ice used to keep product and premises cool and clean. Most sell

vegetables, meat, poultry or fish; some sell and slaughter live animals; some sell

wildlife and exotic animals. But the moniker ‘wet market’ may have, in recent times,

wrongly become synonymous for many with the capture and trade of wildlife, chaos

and even criminality.

Wet markets support livelihoods, including those of small producers and farmers. They

are an important source of food and nutrition for many communities and, importantly, a

feature of many culinary cultures. The focus on ‘freshness’ from the wet market, and

indeed the trusting relationship between vendor and consumer, is deeply valued in

many societies (S. Zhong et al., Agric. Hum. Values 37, 175–185; 2020), though it is

perhaps not the norm for societies more exposed to the ways of modern retail. The

reported reduction in sales of live animals in wet markets over recent years, due to

tightened regulations following previous zoonotic outbreaks, has been regarded as

having a negative cultural impact. The scrutiny wet markets have come under due to the

risk of zoonosis has eroded trust in this food source that is deeply embedded in many

traditions and societies. It is argued that in the era of COVID-19, the operational and

economic realities of wet markets have been misrepresented. The World Health

Organization is currently advising that wet markets, when reopening, operate with
much tighter terms of reference particularly with respect to improved sanitation,

improved regulation, the banning on sale and trade of wildlife for food, and stronger

governance.

2.1.1 Wet Market Location Problem

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1465

This study investigated the influence of the proximity to wet markets and

supermarkets on urban household dietary diversity in Nanjing. Based on the data

collected through a citywide survey in 2015 and the map data of wet markets and

supermarkets, the Poisson regression model was deployed to examine the correlations

between geographical proximity to supermarkets and wet markets and household

dietary diversity. The result shows that the coefficients for the distance to the nearest

wet market are not statistically significant. Although the coefficients for the distance to

nearest supermarket are statistically significant, they were too minor to reach a practical

importance. We argue, however, that the insignificant correlations reflect exactly the

high physical accessibility to food outlets and the extensive spatially dense food supply

network constituted by wet markets, supermarkets and small food stores in Nanjing,

due in part to the food infrastructure development planning in Nanjing that has ensured

relatively equal and convenient access to wet markets or supermarkets for all

households. Our findings are verified by the survey data that more than 90% of

households purchased fresh food items within their neighborhoods or in walking

distance. In addition to the densely distributed food outlets, various other factors

contributed to the non-significant influence of the distance to the nearest wet market

and supermarket, in particular, the numerous small food stores within or close to
 residential communities, the prevalence of three-generation extended household

structure and the high household income.

2.1.2 Wet Market Design

Wet Market building has a zinc roof, a concrete floor, an open area with a

drainage canal surrounding the building. There are no waste treatment facilities at the wet

market and all waste from the meat section, and other parts of the wet market, flow into

the

village drainage canals before being discharged into the river. There are no

systematic procedures followed for solid waste such as plastic, card board, vegetable

waste,

and waste from meat. These items are usually dis-guarded on the market floor before

being

placed in the solid waste open air storage area.

2.2 Related Studies

2.2.1 RELATED STUDIES

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PALA-0 PUBLIC MARKET, ILIGAN CITY,

BRIONES AND PEREZ ET.AL, 2016

ABSTRACT

The Pala-o Public Market is currently facing certain problems including: dilapidated structures,

inconvenient to the buying public, lack of sanitation, poor aesthetic design, high traffic density of

roads, insufficient parking space and crowded market area. With these existing problems, this

study conceptualizes a design that will be the basis for the improvement of Pala-o Public Market

in Iligan City. This research paper aims to improve the existing Pala-o Public Market, to provide

better services to the public and promote development amongst the local farmers and market

vendors which in general will provide positive economic development growth to the city of

Iligan.

The researchers gathered the data following the following methods:

1. The researchers interviewed the buyers and the vendors of Pala-o Public Market and asked for

their comments and suggestions regarding existing features of the market.

2. The researchers then incorporated the comments and suggestions given which served as an

outline for the design for the improvement of the market.

3. A conceptual design of the Market was next created in three different schemes that features:

modernized public market, better market facilities, more organized selling and buying areas,

more parking spaces and aesthetic landscapes.

4. A survey was conducted and three hundred (300) individuals were selected randomly to

choose the best scheme for the conceptual design of the public market.

Results revealed that of the three (3) schemes, the majority of the respondents selected the

1st scheme which has a large and enclosed 3 storey concrete structure with front and rear

parking areas and a night market on the roof deck. This serves as the final conceptual design for

the improvement of the market (Briones and Perez et.al, 2016).

Senate bill no. 279 (National Market Code of the Philippines)

AN ACT INSTITUTING A NATIONAL MARKET CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Public Markets are vital economic enterprises and public utilities, which contribute

significantly to the income and general welfare of cities and municipalities. They provide

increased livelihood opportunities and marketing services, and are usually standard barometers

for the level of development of local governments.

The sad plight of public markets all over the country is, therefore, becoming a serious

concern for everybody seeking an immediate relief from the economic burdens presently

besetting our country.

Certain major problems existing in majority of our public markets covering important

aspects of market operations such as location, construction, sanitation, security /safety, market
fee collection, and award and occupancy of stalls result in the gradual but progressive

deterioration of the markets.

It is thus imperative that positive action to remedy these situations be undertaken by the

national leadership in support of local governments, which are charged with the management of

public markets.

The National Market Code being submitted to the Senate seeks to achieve this goal. This one

intervention activity could enhance the role of markets as effective contributor to development.

It will also help local governments maximize the utility of such units to facilitate the development

of their areas retrieved on January 19, 2018 at http://www.nenepimentel.org/index.php?

do=view&page=bills&id=212.
2.2.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF ILIGAN CENTRAL MARKET.

Tabao, Abdulhamid, Abdulmanan (2017), "Conceptual Design for the improvement for the

Iligan Central Market, Gregorio Nanaman St., Iligan City", St. Peter's College, Iligan City.

ABSTRACT

lligan Central Market is currently experiencing several problems mainly: poor aesthetic

design, heavy traffic of roads, lack of parking areas, dilapidated structures, poor sanitation, and

outdated infrastructure. With the mentioned current issues, this study aims to come up with a

conceptualized design that will serve as a model for the improvement of the of the currently

existing Iligan Central Market in Iligan City that will generally solve the problems and in turn

provide economic opportunities to the local market vendors while providing good service to the

buying public.

The researcher gathered the data following these methods:

1. Market vendors and people visiting the market were interviewed regarding on their comments

of the current Iligan City Central Market.

2. Comments and suggestions collected from the interviews were then used as basis to come up

with three different schemes that solves the present problems of the market (modern design,

properly organized market sections, larger parking areas, and better aesthetics).
3. 300 individuals were randomly selected for a survey conducted by the researchers to choose

the scheme that they think is the best scheme to be the model of Iligan City Central Market.

Results revealed that of the three (3) schemes, the respondents favoured the 1st scheme which

consists of three large 2-storey concrete structure with parking spaces along the road

throughout the market area, a spacious night market area and seaside bay walk at easternmost

& northernmost portion of the market.

As a conclusion, the first scheme will serve as the final conceptual design for the

improvement of the Iligan Central Market.

2.2.3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PALA-O PUBLIC MARKET, ILGAN CITY

Briones, Perez, Susitheren (2015). "Conceptual Design for the Improvement of Pala-o Public

Market, Iligan City". St. Peter's College, Iligan City.

ABSTRACT

The Pala-o Public Market is currently facing certain problems including: dilapidated

structure, inconvenient to the buying public, lack of sanitation, poor aesthetic design, and high

traffic density of roads, insufficient parking space and crowded market areas. With this existing

problems, this study conceptualize a design that will be the basis for the improvement of Pala-o

Public Market in Iligan City. This research paper aims to improve the existing Pala-o Public

Market, to provide better services to the public and promote development amongst the local

farmers and market vendors which in general will positive economic development growth to the

city of Iligan.

The research gathered the data following the following methods:

1. The researchers interviewed by the buyers and vendors of Pala-o Public Market and asked for

their comments and suggestions regarding existing features of the market.

2. The researchers then incorporated the comments and suggestions given which served as an

outline for the design for the improvement of the market.

3. A conceptual design of the market was next created in three different schemes that features:

modernized public market, better market facilities, more organized selling and buying areas,

more parking spaces and aesthetic landscapes.

4. A survey was conducted and three hundred (300) respondents, the majority of the

respondents selected the 1st scheme which has a large and enclosed 3 storey concrete structure

with front conceptual design for the improvement of the market.

Results revealed that three (3) schemes, the majority of the respondents selected the 1st

scheme which has a large and enclosed 3 storey concrete structure with front and rear parking

area and a night market on the roof deck. This serves as the final conceptual design for the

improvement of the market.

2.3 Related Reading

2.3.1 Wet Market Environmental Management Plan

https://www.adb.org/

I. Front Page

II. Table of Contents

III. Introduction

IV. Regulatory Framework

V. Responsibilities and Authorities
VI. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan