chapter 5

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1. a 25. The APA ethical principle of "Beneficence and 7. a 13. For contemporary psychotherapists, the most relevant
Nonmaleficence" essentially requires the psychologist to implication of the finding in the Tarasoff case is the
A) do good and do no harm. A) duty to warn.
B) avoid multiple relationships. B) obligation to protect client confidentiality without
C) obtain informed consent. exception.
D) none of the above C) importance of continuing education for licensed
psychologists.
2. a 21. Burnout
D) importance of maintaining test security by not allowing
A) can significantly impair the competence of a clinical
tests to be taken outside of the professional office setting.
psychologist.
B) occurs at high levels in less than 1% of psychologists, 8. a 10. Which of the following is true regarding ethical
according to survey data. decision making by clinical psychologists?
C) is less likely to occur when a clinical psychologist is A) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging
overcommitted to clients or earns a low salary. situations is recommended, as long as client
D) all of the above confidentiality is protected.
B) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging
3. a 22. Compared to clinical psychologists who work and live
situations is recommended, and because the information is
in large communities, clinical psychologists who work and
being shared with other qualified professionals, the client's
live in small communities are likely to find the ethical issue
confidentiality need not be protected.
of _____ especially challenging.
C) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging
A) multiple relationships
situations is generally discouraged.
B) maintaining confidentiality
D) none of the above
C) informed consent
D) test security 9. b 19. According to the current edition of the APA ethical
code, psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies
4. a 5. The current edition of the APA ethical code includes two
with current therapy clients
distinct sections: _____ and _____.
A) unless the client has attended therapy for less than five
A) General Principles; Ethical Standards
sessions, in which case the client can be transferred to
B) Research Standards; Practice Standards
another therapist.
C) Assessment Code; Treatment Code
B) under any circumstances.
D) none of the above
C) unless both the therapist and client live in a very small
5. a 16. According to the standards related to informed consent community where there are few other psychologists or
in the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, when potential sexual partners available.
should psychologists inform clients about psychotherapy? D) unless the sexual intimacies are initiated by the client
A) "as early as is feasible in the therapeutic relationship" rather than the psychologist.
B) "no later than the third meeting between psychologist
10. b 23. Boundary crossings
and client"
A) are more severe than boundary violations.
C) "prior to the first meeting between psychologist and
B) often seem minor and harmless, but set a precedent for
client"
more serious boundary violations.
D) "only at the request of the client"
C) are never unethical if initiated by the client.
6. a 7. The _____ section of the current ethical code includes D) all of the above
enforceable rules of conduct, as opposed to aspirational
11. b 1. The first APA code of ethics was published in _____.
ideals regarding the behavior of clinical psychologists.
A) 1896
A) Ethical Standards
B) 1953
B) General Principles
C) 1990
C) Research Standards
D) 2002
D) Assessment Code
12. b 9. According to recommended models of ethical decision
making (e.g., Fisher, 2012), it is important
A) to make ethical decisions as quickly as possible.
B) to consult any law or professional guidelines relevant
to the situation at hand.
C) not to seek the opinions of colleagues.
D) none of the above
13. b 4. The APA ethics code was most recently modified in
2012 to include
A) directives on selecting appropriate treatments for
victims of cyber-bullying.
B) a stance against the use of ethical standards to justify
or defend the violation of human rights.
C) standards of informed consent when prescribing virtual
reality therapy for patients.
D) updated insurance billing codes.
14. c 24. Nonsexual multiple relationships between clinical
psychologist and client
A) are always unethical.
B) are never unethical if initiated by the client.
C) are unethical if they can be expected to impair the
psychologist's competence or risk exploiting the client.
D) are unethical only if the client actually experiences
harm or exploitation ("no harm, no foul").
15. c 26. Cultural incompetence
A) is not viewed as negatively by nonprofessionals as
ethical violations such as multiple relationships.
B) is permissible in research settings, but not in therapy
settings.
C) may lead to detrimental consequences for clients.
D) is not addressed by the APA Code of Ethics.
16. c 2. Since the first edition of the APA ethics code, _______
revised editions of the ethical code have been published
A) 0
B) 2
C) 9
D) 20
17. c 27. Which of the following is not one of the APA's ethical
principles?
A) Integrity
B) Justice
C) Community
D) Respect for People's Rights and Dignity
18. c 17. Informed consent regarding _____ is best understood as a
one-time event, but informed consent regarding _____ is best
understood as an ongoing process.
A) assessment; research
B) behavioral psychotherapy; psychodynamic
psychotherapy
C) research; psychotherapy
D) psychotherapy; research and assessment
19. c 28. The first step in Fisher's (2012) eight-step model for
ethical decision making is
A) consult an attorney.
B) generate and evaluate alternatives.
C) make a commitment to do with is ethically appropriate.
D) none of the above
20. c 20. According to the most recent edition of the APA
ethical code, which of the following statements is true
regarding multiple relationships?
A) All multiple relationships are unethical.
B) Multiple relationships are unethical only when the client
is harmed by them.
C) Multiple relationships are unethical only when they can
be reasonably expected to cause impairment in the
psychologist or risk exploitation or harm of the client.
D) Multiple relationships are unethical only when they are
sexual in nature.
21. d 15. According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical
code, it is necessary to obtain informed consent before
proceeding with _____.
A) research
B) psychotherapy
C) assessment
D) all of the above
22. d 18. According to the APA ethical code, which of these
scenarios exemplifies a multiple relationship?
A) A psychologist sees an adult client in psychotherapy
and also engages in sexual intimacies with that client.
B) A psychologist conducts an assessment with a client
and also engages in a nonsexual friendship with that
client.
C) A psychologist sees a child client in psychotherapy
and also enters into a business partnership with that
client's parent.
D) all of the above
23. d 14. Which of the following is true regarding confidentiality
and child abuse?
A) An ethical clinical psychologist should never break a
child client's confidentiality to report child abuse.
B) Less than half of the states in the U.S. have laws
requiring mental health professionals to break
confidentiality to report known or suspected child abuse.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
24. d 12. The landmark court case that established the duty to
warn for psychologists was _____.
A) Brown v. The Board of Education
B) Hughes v. The APA Board of Ethics
C) Poddar v. The State of New Mexico
D) Tarasoff v. The Regents of the University of California
25. d 11. Tatiana Tarasoff
A) is the chair of the committee that created the most
recent edition of the APA code of ethics.
B) is the author of the tripartite model of personal identity.
C) is a leading researcher in the field of informed consent
for psychotherapy.
D) none of the above
26. d 8. Which of the following are among the Ethical Principles listed in the most recent edition of the APA ethical code?
A) Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
B) Integrity
C) Respect for People's Rights and Dignity
D) all of the above
27. d 6. The _____ section of the current ethical code includes aspirational ideals regarding the behavior of clinical psychologists, as
opposed to enforceable rules of conduct.
A) Ethical Standards
B) Treatment Standards
C) Research Standards
D) General Principles
28. d 3. The most recent edition of the APA ethics code was published in _____.
A) 1962
B) 1976
C) 1990
D) 2002
29. d 29. A psychologist may be bound by a duty to warn when
A) a patient seriously threatens the life of another identified person.
B) a patient seriously threatens his or her own life.
C) a patient reveals that she is HIV positive and is having unprotected sex without informing her sexual partners of her HIV status.
D) all of the above