Design of E-Bike Using Self-Balancing Technique

International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research www.ijaser.
in
Volume: 5, Issue: 1, 2020 ISSN: 2455-9288
DESIGN OF E-BIKE USING SELF-BALANCING

TECHNIQUE
Mr. R. Ranjith a, Ms. P. Shobana b, Mr. R. Sathishkumar c, Mr. T. P. Shanmugam d,
Mr. R. Veeramani e, Mr. J. Rameshkumar f
a,b,c,d,e,f
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K S Rangasamy College of Engineering,
Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract: In the growing scenario of the world with growing population and also vehicles, the problem
persists more importantly for handicapped people to drive their vehicle on these overcrowded roads and ever
increasing traffic. This paper advocates the solution over this problem. The main purpose of this project is to
create such a prototype that, with the aid of a gyroscope, can stabilize itself on two wheels. A self-balancing
bike with gyroscope application would remove the need for extra set of wheels or assistance provided by the
people with disabilities. This program can also be used by normal people to reduce the risk of road accidents
due to loss of balance while accelerating or stopping the vehicle .This journal deals with the outline and
growth of gyroscope which utilize self-balancing as main source.
Keywords: Gyroscope, Automatic Balancing Bike, Pollution, Transportation, Electric bike.
I. INTRODUCTION
The solution here is making a bike which can balance itself using the principle of
gyroscope so that the rider not have to worry about falling because of lack of balance over the
bike. The purpose of this Project is to build a prototype gyroscope that is capable of balancing
without a rider. The Automatic Balancing bike will employ a control system to keep itself from
falling over while in motion, and be propelled by a motor. The goal of this project is to build a e-
bike prototype capable of balancing itself using a flywheel. This bike is able to drive and also
come to a complete stop without losing its balance. In order to maintain the balance, the robot
reads sensor input to detect tilt angle and correctly reacts to maintain gyroscope for steady
vertical position. The use of programming will help to steer the bike in any direction as per the
user. The requirement include that the bike should be capable of accelerating, driving in a straight
line and stopping without falling
II. OBJECTIVE
The major reason of this research is to analysis the today’s circumstances and benefit of
gyroscope investigated by many researchers. In order to proceed towards this point, following
intention are specified:
i) To self-balance the vehicle without any external support

ii) To avoid accident by falling down.
Copyright © 2020 by the Authors.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits 204
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research www.ijaser.in
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
In 1903, an Irish-Australian inventor Louis Grennan was first to patent a gyroscope

balancing vehicle Brennan patented a monorail which can gyroscopically balance, He designed it
for military use, he successfully demonstrated the apparatus in 1909.He mounted gyrostats
(modified gyroscope ) along the body of monorail, by using gyrostats monorail balanced itself
whenever its equilibrium was distrurbed. But if gyroststs would fail in use, the whole system
would fail. Thus because of Brennan feared of failure he prevented the monorail from being
mass-produced
Nbot is a small scale robot which is built by David. P. Anderson. This robot won the one
of the NASA competition in the year 2003.It uses the intertial sensor which is commercially
available to balance the robot. Nbot uses almost four sensors to maintain its balance this sensors
are optical encoder to measure the position of the vehicle and other three sensors are
accelerometer gyroscope and tilt angle sensors. The self-balancing and two wheel robot
SEGWAY is commercially available and it is invented by Dean Kamen who has design more
than 140 systems. Its manufactured by SEGWAY Inc. The feature of this robot is that it is able to
balance itself and the user is standing on top of it and navigate the vehicle according to him.
However, this uses more than one gyroscope and few other sensors to keep it balanced vertically.
IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1: Block Diagram of Gyroscope

V. COMPONENTS OF GYROSCOPE
The components of gyroscope are as follows:
DC motor
The hub motor is a traditional dc motor. The rotor is outer the stator with the permanent
magnets climb on interior. The stator is climbed and attached onto the axle and the axis will be
made to revolve by alternating currents provided by using Electronic switching control by picking
power from the batteries. Hub motor produces more speed. It is fixed with the Flywheel .which
does not require sprockets, brackets and drive chains to run the wheels. The dc motor exterior
boundary is given with holes for keeping spokes therefore brushless DC motor can be
comfortably climbed to the flywheel by fixing a cylindrical shaped rod. It is more reliable and
have longer period of life. The major feature of DC motor is that they may be manage to provide
power at broad speed ranges. It runs at high efficiency. The rated power of motor is 250w with
400rpm per min.
Battery
Lithium-ion batteries are the desirable one in present technology for gyroscope so that
they can give high output because of having capacity to collect high power per unit. The batteries
are mostly used in electric vehicles because lithium ions make a move from negative electrode to
the positive electrode in the time of discharge and return back while charging. It is rechargeable
battery, more efficient and has long life than lead acid and nickel metal hydride batteries. In this
12v battery is used.
Figure 2: DC hub motor
Electronic speed controller

The electronic switching control is a switching circuit which is used for functioning of
brushless dc motor. Its major task is for giving supply for the windings of motor by observing the
rotor position. It is feasible to regulate when to exchange the adjacent stator coils by observing

the back EMF voltage from the de-energized stator coil is due to passage of rotor permanent
magnet of the brushless dc motor.
The operation of an electric speed controller varies based on whether you retain an
adaptive or purpose-build gyroscope. The speed controller of an gyroscope is an electronic circuit
that sway the speed. This controller takes power from the pack of battery and runs it to the hub
motor. For prototype gyroscope, the controller is the important component of that kit.
Functions: The electric speed controller transfer signals to the DC motor hub in constant
voltages. These signals observe the direction of a rotor in accordance to the starter coil. The
actual function of a speed controller depends on the employment of different mechanisms. In a
purpose-built gyroscope, Hall effect sensors support the direction of the rotor. The electromotive
force of not running coil is calculated to get the rotor direction.
Figure 3: Speed controller
Battery control and protection circuit

The battery control module is the core section of this project. The important role of
battery control and protection module is to connecting the battery to power source for charging or
to connect battery supply to the motor. This module protects the battery from heavy discharge and
from over charging. In our project we add a battery level indicator for show the battery charge
level. The battery level indicator has three LEDs which support for tracking the battery voltage
level. The battery voltage level is observed by the microcontroller with the support of an Analog
inputs. Here we use ATMEGA328 microcontroller for controlling and protection of the battery.
The ATMEGA328 microcontroller is taken because of its low power consumption. The changing
of battery for charging or running the motor is done by using an electromechanical relay. The
relay is interfaced with microcontroller by using ULN 2003 IC. The driver IC is used to remove
complexity while using transistor as switch for operating relay. The microcontroller, relay and
driver IC is powered with the support of voltage regulator 7805 by using battery as source.

VI. OUTPUT
VII. CONCLUSION
After going through the research papers, case study and various calculations we come to a
conclusion that self-balancing can be achieved using reaction wheel and gyroscopic wheel. Also
that the incorporation with electric bike will be the best idea since the future of the transportation
system is electric.
Advantages
1) Since the tilting of the bike can be avoided, the rides can be more comfortable.
2) Severe damage from falling can be avoided.
3) Using active gyroscope, the degree of turning can be controlled and henceforth
autonomous driving
Disadvantages
1) Gyroscopic wheel consumes a lot of electric energy from the battery and hence might
reduce the battery life of the bike.
2) During steep turnings, the gyroscopic wheel will oppose the turns since during turning
tilt is required.

VIII. REFERENCES
[1] Mohanarajah Gajamohan et al,The Cubli: A Cube that can Jump Up and
Balance”,International Electrical and electronics engineering journal,pp-3722-3727,2012
[2] Mukeshkumar Prasad , Nilesh W. Nirwan,”Design and Fabrication of Automatic Balancing

Bicycle”,International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research,pp-532-
536-,2016
[3] Mukesh Sahu et al,”A Review of One Wheel Motor vehicle, International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology,pp-1141-1147,2017
[4] G. Balaji, S. Vengataasalam and S. Sekar, Numerical investigation of second order singular
system using single-term Haar wavelet series method”, Journal of Applied Sciences
Research, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 3323-3328.
[5] Pallav Gogoi et al,”Design & Fabrication of Self Balancing two wheeler vehicle using
gyroscope”,International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET),pp-2051-2058-
2017
[6] V.V Kadam et al, “Self Balancing Bike Prototype using Gyroscope”, International Journal
for Scientific Research & Development.(IJSRD), pp-792-796- ,2017
[7] O Cyril Mathew, Zubair Rahman, 2015, “A novel honeycomb routing approach for
bandwidth utilization in MANET”, Journal of Software, vol. 10, no. 6.


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International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research www.ijaser.

DESIGN OF E-BIKE USING SELF-BALANCING

Keywords: Gyroscope, Automatic Balancing Bike, Pollution, Transportation, Electric bike.

i) To self-balance the vehicle without any external support

Copyright © 2020 by the Authors.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

In 1903, an Irish-Australian inventor Louis Grennan was first to patent a gyroscope

IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 1: Block Diagram of Gyroscope

Copyright © 2020 by the Authors.

The components of gyroscope are as follows:

Figure 2: DC hub motor

Electronic speed controller

Copyright © 2020 by the Authors.

Figure 3: Speed controller

Battery control and protection circuit

Copyright © 2020 by the Authors.

Copyright © 2020 by the Authors.

[2] Mukeshkumar Prasad , Nilesh W. Nirwan,”Design and Fabrication of Automatic Balancing

Copyright © 2020 by the Authors.

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