ECON 200 F.

Introduction to Microeconomics Homework 3

Name:________________________________________

[Multiple Choice]

1. A life-saving medicine without any close substitutes will tend to have

a. a small elasticity of demand.
b. a large elasticity of demand.
c. a small elasticity of supply.
d. a large elasticity of supply.

2. The price of a good rises from $8 to $12, and the quantity demanded falls from 110 to 90 units.
Calculated with the midpoint method, the elasticity is
a. 1/5.
b. 1/2.
c. 2.
d. 5.

3. A linear, downward-sloping demand curve is

a. inelastic.
b. unit elastic.
c. elastic.
d. inelastic at some points, and elastic at others.

4. The ability of firms to enter and exit a market over time means that, in the long run,
a. the demand curve is more elastic.
b. the demand curve is less elastic.
c. the supply curve is more elastic.
d. the supply curve is less elastic.

5. An increase in the supply of a good will decrease the total revenue producers receive if
a. the demand curve is inelastic.
b. the demand curve is elastic.
c. the supply curve is inelastic.
d. the supply curve is elastic.

6. The price of coffee rose sharply last month, while the quantity sold remained the same. Each of five
people suggests an explanation:
Tom: Demand increased, but supply was perfectly inelastic.
Dick: Demand increased, but it was perfectly inelastic.
Harry: Demand increased, but supply decreased at the same time.
Larry: Supply decreased, but demand was unit elastic.
Mary: Supply decreased, but demand was perfectly inelastic.
Who could possibly be right?
a. Tom, Dick, and Harry
b. Tom, Dick, and Mary
c. Tom, Harry, and Mary
d. Dick, Harry, and Larry
e. Dick, Harry, and Mary
7. An efficient allocation of resources maximizes
a. consumer surplus.
b. producer surplus.
c. consumer surplus plus producer surplus.
d. consumer surplus minus producer surplus.

8. When a market is in equilibrium, the buyers are those with the __________ willingness to pay and the
sellers are those with the __________ costs.
a. highest, highest
b. highest, lowest
c. lowest, highest
d. lowest, lowest

9. Producing a quantity larger than the equilibrium of supply and demand is inefficient because the
marginal buyer’s willingness to pay is
a. negative.
b. zero.
c. positive but less than the marginal seller’s cost.
d. positive and greater than the marginal seller’s cost
[Short Answer]

1. If the elasticity is greater than 1, is demand elastic or inelastic? If the elasticity equals zero, is demand
perfectly elastic or perfectly inelastic?

2. On a supply-and-demand diagram, show equilibrium price, equilibrium quantity, and the total
revenue received by producers.

3. If a fixed quantity of a good is available, and no more can be made, what is the price elasticity of
supply?

4. A storm destroys half the fava bean crop. Is this event more likely to hurt fava bean farmers if the
demand for fava beans is very elastic or very inelastic? Explain
5. For each of the following pairs of goods, which good would you expect to have more elastic demand
and why?

a. required textbooks or mystery novels

b. Beethoven recordings or classical music recordings in general

c. subway rides during the next six months or subway rides during the next five years

d. root beer or water

6. Suppose the price elasticity of demand for heating oil is 0.2 in the short run and 0.7 in the long run.

a. If the price of heating oil rises from $1.80 to $2.20 per gallon, what happens to the quantity of heating
oil demanded in the short run? In the long run? (Use the midpoint method in your calculations.)
b. Why might this elasticity depend on the time horizon?

7. A price change causes the quantity demanded of a good to decrease by 30 percent, while the total
revenue of that good increases by 15 percent. Is the demand curve elastic or inelastic? Explain.

8. Cups of coffee and donuts are complements. Both have inelastic demand. A hurricane destroys half
the coffee bean crop. Use appropriately labeled diagrams to answer the following questions.

a. What happens to the price of coffee beans?

b. What happens to the price of a cup of coffee? What happens to total expenditure on cups of coffee?
c. What happens to the price of donuts? What happens to total expenditure on donuts?

9. The New York Times reported (Feb.17, 1996) that subway ridership declined after a fare increase:
“There were nearly 4 million fewer riders in December 1995, the first full month after the price of a
token increased 25 cents to $1.50, than in the previous December, a 4.3 percent decline.”

a. Use these data to estimate the price elasticity of demand for subway rides.

b. According to your estimate, what happens to the Transit Authority’s revenue when the fare rises?

c. Why might your estimate of the elasticity be unreliable?

10. You are the curator of a museum. The museum is running short of funds, so you decide to increase
revenue. Should you increase or decrease the price of admission? Explain.
11. Melissa buys an iPhone for $120 and gets consumer surplus of $80.

a. What is her willingness to pay?

b. If she had bought the iPhone on sale for $90, what would her consumer surplus have been?

c. If the price of an iPhone were $250, what would her consumer surplus have been?

12. An early freeze in California sours the lemon crop. Explain what happens to consumer surplus in the
market for lemons. Explain what happens to consumer surplus in the market for lemonade. Illustrate
your answers with diagrams.
13. Suppose the demand for French bread rises. Explain what happens to producer surplus in the market
for French bread. Explain what happens to producer surplus in the market for flour. Illustrate your
answers with diagrams.
14. It is a hot day, and Bert is thirsty. Here is the value he places on each bottle of water:
Value of first bottle $7
Value of second bottle $5
Value of third bottle $3
Value of fourth bottle $1

a. From this information, derive Bert’s demand schedule. Graph his demand curve for bottled water.

b. If the price of a bottle of water is $4, how many bottles does Bert buy? How much consumer surplus
does Bert get from his purchases? Show Bert’s consumer surplus in your graph.

c. If the price falls to $2, how does quantity demanded change? How does Bert’s consumer surplus
change? Show these changes in your graph.
15. Ernie owns a water pump. Because pumping large amounts of water is harder than pumping small
amounts, the cost of producing a bottle of water rises as he pumps more. Here is the cost he incurs to
produce each bottle of water:
Cost of first bottle $1
Cost of second bottle $3
Cost of third bottle $5
Cost of fourth bottle $7

a. From this information, derive Ernie’s supply schedule. Graph his supply curve for bottled water.

b. If the price of a bottle of water is $4, how many bottles does Ernie produce and sell? How much
producer surplus does Ernie get from these sales? Show Ernie’s producer surplus in your graph.

c. If the price rises to $6, how does quantity supplied change? How does Ernie’s producer surplus
change? Show these changes in your graph.
16. The cost of producing flat-screen TVs has fallen over the past decade. Let’s consider some
implications of this fact.

a. Draw a supply-and-demand diagram to show the effect of falling production costs on the price and
quantity of flat-screen TVs sold.

b. In your diagram, show what happens to consumer surplus and producer surplus.

c. Suppose the supply of flat-screen TVs is very elastic. Who benefits most from falling production costs?
- consumers or producers of these TVs?