Simultaneous Equations

CHAPTER 4 : SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

Activity 1
State whether each of the following equation are linear or non-linear equation.
Equation Linear/non-linear
1. x – 2y = 7 Linear
2. xy = 4 Non linear
3. y = 2x + 3
4. 2x + 3y = 14
5. x2 + y2 = 4
4 15
6.  5
x y
7. x – 2y  2 = 0
8. y – x2 = 2x
9. x2 + xy + y2 = 7
10. x(y – 2x) = 1

Activity 2
Expand the following expression
1 ( x + 3 )2   x  3 x  3 6 ( 3x + 4 )2

 x2  6 x  9
9 x2  24 x  16
( 4x  5 )
2 2
2 (x+6) 7

x2  12 x  36 16 x2  40 x  25
3 ( x  5 )2 8 ( 6  x )2

x2  10 x  25 36  12x  x2
4 (x7) 2
9 ( 3  5x ) 2

x2  14 x  49 9  30 x  25x2
2 ( 2x  5)2
2
5 ( 2x + 5 ) 10

4 x2  20 x  25 8x2  40 x  50
11 3 ( 5  4x )2 15 5 ( 2  3x )2

75  120 x  48 x2 20  60 x  45x2

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 Simultaneous Equations

12 5 ( 3  4x )2 16 2
 2  3x 
4 
 2 

4  12 x  9 x2
45  120 x  80 x2
13 2 ( 3x  5 )2 17 2
 1  2x 
3 
 3 

18x2  60 x  50 1  4 x  4 x2
3
14 3 ( 8  x )2 18 2
 1  3x 
2  
 2 

1  6 x  9 x 2
192  48 x  3x2
2

The steps in solving simultaneous equations:

Step 1 : From the linear equation, arrange so that one of the unknown becomes the
subject of the equation (3).( x or y )

Step 2 : Substitute the equation above into the non-linear equation. Eliminate fraction
and bracket before substitution.

Step 3 : Simplify and expressed the equation in the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0

b  b 2  4ac
Step 4 : Solve the quadratic equation using factorisation or the formula :
2a

Step 5 : Find the value of the second unknown by substituting the value obtained into
the equation (3) from step 1.
Example :

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 Simultaneous Equations

Solve the following simultaneous equations:

1. 2.

x y 3 ............... 1 x y 5 ......... 1
x  y  29 ............... 2
2 2 x  2 xy  y  13 ........... 2
2 2

From 1 : y  3  x ................ 3 From 1 , y  5  x .......... 3

Substitute 3 int o 2 : Substitute 3 int o 2
x 2  2 x  5  x    5  x   13
2
x 2   3  x   29
2

x 2   3  x  3  x   29  0 x 2  10 x  2 x 2  25  10 x  x 2  13  0
x 2  9  6 x  x 2  29  0 4 x 2  20 x  12  0
2 x 2  6 x  20  0 x2  5x  3  0
  5    5  4 1 3
2
x 2  3 x  10  0
x
 x  5 x  2   0 2 1
x  5  0 or x  2  0 5  13
x5 x  2 x
From 3 , y  3  x 2
x  4.303 or x  0.6972
y  35 y  3   2 
From 3 , y  5  4.303 y  5  0.6972
y  2 y5
y  0.6970 y  4.303

3. 4.
3x  2 y  1 .......... 1 3x  y  3 .......... 1
3 y  4 xy  x  6 .......... 2
2 2 2 1
  2  2
3x
 6x
1  3x 3x y y
From 1 , y  ........... 3
2 2 y  3 x  6 xy .......... 2
Substitute 3 int o 2 : From 1 , y  3  3x ........... 3
2
 1  3x   1  3x  2 Substitute 3 int o 2 :
3   4x   x 6 2  3  3x   3x  6 x 3  3x 
 2   2 
 1  6 x  9 x2  6  6 x  3 x  18 x  18 x 2
  2 x 1  3 x   x  6  0
2
3 18 x 2  6 x  18 x  3 x  6  0
 4 
3  18 x  27 x 2 18 x 2  21x  6  0
 2 x  6 x2  x2  6  0 6 x2  7 x  2  0
4
3  18 x  27 x 2  8 x  24 x 2  4 x 2  24  0  3x  2  2 x  1  0
3x  2  0 or 2x 1  0
 x 2  10 x  21  0
2 1
x 2  10 x  21  0 x x
 x  3 x  7   0 3
2
2
1
x3 0 or x7 0 From 3 : y  3  3   y  3  3 
x  3 x  7 3 2
1  3  3 1  3  7 
3
y 1 y
From 3 : y  y 2
2 2
y5 y  11

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 Simultaneous Equations

5. 2 x  y  x 2  xy  y 2  7
2x  y  7 ........... 1
x  xy  y  7
2 2
........... 2
From 1 , y  7  2x ........... 3
Substitute 3 int o 2
x2  x  7  2 x    7  2 x   7
2

x 2  7 x  2 x 2  49  28 x  4 x 2  7  0
7 x 2  35 x  42  0
x2  5x  6  0
 x  2  x  3  0
x  2  0 or x  3  0
x2 x3
From 3 , y  7  2  2  y  7  2  3
y3 y 1

Activity 3
Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equation using substitution method.

1. 2x + y = 1 2. 2x  y = 1
5x2  y2 = 11 9x2  2y2 + 9 = 0

x = 2, 6 x = 1, 7
y = 3, 11 y = 3, 15
3. x + 2y = 2 4. 4x + 2y = x2 + xy  4x = 2
1 2
 5
x y

x = 1, 2/5 x = 1, 2
y = 1/2, 4/5 y = 3, 5
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 Simultaneous Equations

5. Solve the following simultaneous equations and give your answers correct to four
decimal places. 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
x2 + 6xy + 6 = 0

x =1.1196, 1.7863
y = 1.0797, 0.8575

Exercise 1
Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equations.
1. x – y = 2 2. 3x + y = 8
x2 – 5xy + 2y2 = 8 3x2 + y2 = 28

x =1, 0 x =1, 3
y = 1, 2 y = 5, 1
3 x  2y = 7 4. 2y – x = 1
x2 + 4y2 = 37 xy + x2 = 26

x = 6, 1 x = 13/3, 4
y = 1/2, 3 y = 5/3, 5/2

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 Simultaneous Equations

5. x – 3y = 4 6. 2x – y = 3
2x2 – 9y2 = 17 2x2 + 3xy = 1

x = 3, 11 x = 1/8, 1
y = 1/3, 5 y = 11/4, 1
7. x2 – y + y2 = 2x +2y = 10 8. x + y = 6
2 5
 3
x y

x = 5/2, 2
x = 1, 4
y = 5/2, 3
y = 5, 2
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 Simultaneous Equations

9. x  2y = 3 10. x + y = 7
2 5 4 15
  9  5
x y x y

x =2, 1/3 x = 2, 14/5

y =1/2, 5/3 y = 5, 21/5
11. 2x  5y = 7 12. 2x + 3y = 1
12x2 – 5y2 = 7 x(x + y) = 10

x =1, 3/2 x =5, 6

y = 1, 2 y = 3, 13/3

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 Simultaneous Equations

13. 2x + 3y = 7 14. 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
x2 + xy + y2 = 7 x2 + 6xy + 5 = 0

x = 1, 2 x =1, 5/3

y = 3, 1 y = 1, 7/9
15. xy = 4 16. k  h = 2 (3 decimal places)
2x + 3y = 14 k2 + 2h2 = 9

x = 1, 6 h = 0.742, 6.742
y = 4, 2/3 k = 2.742, 4.742

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 Simultaneous Equations

Activity 4
1. Find the points of intersection between the curve y2 – 2x = 13 and the straight line
x–y=1.

2. If (3,1) is one of the solution of simultaneous equation mx – 3y = 15 and

8x2 – 27y2 = 5n , find the value of m and n . Hence, find the other solution .

3. The straight line y = 2x + 3 intersect the curve xy + 20 = 5y at point A and point B .

Calculate the coordinates of point A and B.

4. Given that (3k, 2p) is a solution of the simultaneous equations x – 2y = 4 and

2 3
  1. Find the value of k and p .
x 2y

Enrichment exercise (Past years SPM questions)

1. Solve the equations 4x + y + 8 = x2 + x – y = 2 .

x 2
2. Solve the simultaneous equations  4 and x + 6y = 3
3 y

y
3. Given the curve y2 = 8(1 – x) and the straight line = 4. Without plotting a graph,
x
calculate the intersection points for both graphs .

6y x
4. Solve the simultaneous equations 2x + 3y = 9 and   1
x y

x y 3 2 1
5. Solve the simultaneous equations   3  0 and    0 .
3 2 x y 2

6. Solve the simultaneous equations 3x – 5 = 2y and y(x + y) = x(x + y)  5

7. Given that M = 2x – y , N = 3x + 1 and R = xy – 8 . Find the values of x and y

such that 2M = N = R .

8. Solve the simultaneous equations below and give your answers correct to two decimal
places, x – 4y = 9
x
3y2 = 7 
2

9. Solve the simultaneous equations 4x + y =  8 and x2 + x – y = 2 .

10. Solve the simultaneous equations p – m = 2 and p2 + 2m = 8 . Give your answers

correct to three decimal places .
1
11. Solve the simultaneous equations x + y  1 and y2 – 10 = 2x .
2

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 Simultaneous Equations

Simultaneous Equations – Answers

Activity 4
1. (2, 3), (5, 6)
8. x = 11.56 , x = 3.76
2. m = 4, n = 9
3. A( ,8) B1, 5
5 y = 0.64 , y = - 1.31
2
3 9. x = - 2 , - 3
4. p  1, p 
4 y=0,4
8 1
k  ,k 
3 3 10. m = 0.606 , - 6.606

Enrichment p = 2.606 , - 4.606

1. x  1,  4 y  2 ,10 1
11. x = 3 , 
2
1 y=-4,3
2. x  0 ,15 y , 2
2

1
3. ( , 2 ) and (- 1, - 4)
2

4. x = 3 , x = 18

y=1,y=-9

5. x = 9 , x = - 6

y = 12 , y = 2

6. x = 3 , y = 2

3
7. x = - 2 , y = 
2

x=9,y=4

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