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9.00 – 9.50 AM FORMAT AND MARKS

9.50 – 10.00 AM BREAK
10.00 – 10.50 AM PAPER 1 AND PAPER 3 ANALYSIS
10.50 – 11.00 AM BREAK
11.00 – 11.50 AM PAPER 2 ANALYSIS
11.50 AM –12.00 PM BREAK
12.00 – 1.00 PM EXAMINATION TIPS

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CHEMISTRY / KIMIA SPM (KBSM)

 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS  STRUCTURE AND ESSAY QUESTIONS

 MUST ANSWER ALL 50 QUESTIONS
o KNOWLEDGE 20 MARKS
o COMPREHENSIVE 15 MARKS
o APPLICATION SKILL 15 MARKS
 TOTAL MARK = 50 MARKS (
 TIME = 1 HOUR 15 MINUTES
 EXPERIMENTAL SKILL QUESTIONS
 TWO QUESTIONS
o STRUCTURAL QUESTION : SCIENCE
PROCESS SKILL, 33 MARKS
o OPEN RESPONSE ESSAY QUESTION, 17
MARKS
 TOTAL MARK = 50 MARKS
 TIME = 1 HOUR 30 MINUTES
 THREE SECTIONS:
o SECTION A: 6 STRUCTURAL QUESTIONS,
MUST ANSWER, 60 MARKS
o SECTION B: 2 ESSAY QUESTIONS
(CHOOSE ONE ONLY), 20 MARKS
o SECTION C: 2 ESSAY QUESTIONS
(CHOOSE ONE ONLY), 20 MARKS
 TOTAL MARK = 100 MARKS
 TOTAL QUESTIONS NEED TO BE ANSWERED : 8
 TIME = 2 HOUR 30 MINUTES
𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3
=%
 200 MARKS 2

5 6

A+ 90 - 100 180 - 200 < 20

A 80 - 89 160 - 178 40 - 22
A- 70 - 79 140 - 158 60 - 42
B+ 65 - 69 130 - 138 70 - 62
B 60 - 64 120 - 128 80 - 72
C+ 55 - 59 110 - 118 90 - 82 A
C 50 - 54 100 - 108 100 - 92

1 40/50 10
2 60/100 40
3 40/50 10

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PAPER 1 FORMAT (4541/1)

No Item Paper 1 (4541/1)

1 Type of Instrument Objective Test

2 Type of Item Objective items

1. Multiple Choices
2. Multiple Combination
Each item has four options
A, B, C and D

3 Number of question 50 (Answers all)

4 Total Marks 50 Marks (25%)

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PAPER 1 ANALYSIS YEAR 2015 -2019

Form 4 Title 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
PAPER 1 FORMAT (4541/1)
No Item Paper 1 (4541/1)
2 3 1 1 2
5 Response method Mark on OMR form 6 5 4 4 6
3 2 3 4 4
6 Duration of time 1 hour 15 minutes
4 5 4 4 2
7 Construct Requirement Knowledge: 20 4 3 2 6 5
Understanding: 15
Application: 15 6 5 4 4 3
3 4 6 4 7
8 Level of difficulty L:M:H=5:3:2
Low = 25 Marks 2 2 6 4 2
Moderate = 15 Marks Form 5 Title 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
High = 10 Marks
3 5 4 2 1
9 Extra instrument Scientific calculator 5 5 5 7 5
4 5 5 4 6
5 4 4 5 6
3 2 2 1 1

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Periodic Table of Elements (SPM 2016) Matter and Atom Structure (SPM 2015)

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Electrochemistry (SPM 2014) Oxidation and Reduction (SPM 2013)

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Periodic Table of
Elements (SPM 2015)

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Salt (SPM 2011) Matter and Structure Atom (SPM 2011)

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Acid and Base (SPM 2015) Acid and Base (SPM 2016/2019)

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Carbon Compound (SPM 2014)

Periodic Table of Elements (SPM 2019)

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Chemical Bond (SPM 2013) Chemical Bond (SPM 2013)

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Chemical Bond (SPM 2014) Chemical Bond (SPM 2014)

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Chemical Bond (SPM 2019) Empirical Formula (SPM 2016)

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Chemical Formulae and Equation Rate of reaction (SPM 2014)

(SPM 2014)

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Electrochemistry (SPM 2019) Matter (SPM 2011)

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Carbon Compound (SPM 2013) Carbon Compound (SPM 2013)

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Chemical for Consumer (SPM 2019) Acid, Alkali and Salt (SPM 2014)

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Salt (SPM 2019) Salt (SPM 2016)

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Oxidation and Reduction (SPM 2019)

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Oxidation and Reduction

(SPM 2016)

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PAPER 3 FORMAT (4541/3) PAPER 3 FORMAT (4541/3)

No Item Paper 3 (4541/3) No Item Paper 3 (4541/3)

1 Type of Instrument Written Practical Test 5 Response method Write on the space in question paper

6 Duration of time 1 hour 30 minutes

2 Type of Item
3 Number of question
4 Total Marks
1. Subjective items :Structured items
2. Essay Open Response Item : Planning an 7 Construct Requirement Science Process : 50
Experiment
8 Level of difficulty L:M:H=8:5:3
1. Structured items: 1-2 (Answer all) 8 Simple aspects
2. Open Response Item : 1 5 Moderate aspects
3 Difficult aspects
50 Marks (25%)
9 Extra instrument Scientific calculator

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How to determine decimal point number for

Test Your Process Science Skills
Voltmeter/Ammeter
• Measure and apply number
• Control variable • Step 1 : Take smallest point on voltmeter/ammeter
• Making hypothesis
• Step 2 : Divide point by 2
• Making inference
• Observe
• Making definition through operation Example Step determine Number of Decimal Point
• Communication
• Interpret data Step 1 : Smallest point = One decimal point
• Prediction 0.2 V
• Classification Example : 0.7 V
Step 2 : 0.2/2 = 0.1
• Experimentation
• Relationship between space and time

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Other instruments
Instrument Number of Decimal Point Example measurement
and unit
Ruler One decimal point 7.1 cm
Digital Balance One decimal point 12.7 g
Stopwatch One decimal point, must 33.0 s
end with 0 or 5 25.5 s
Measuring Cylinder 50 cm3 30.0 cm3
Pipette 25 cm3 25.0 cm3
Thermometer 0 – 110°C 33.5°C
47.0°C
Voltmeter 0 – 3 V 3.5 V
Burette 50 cm3 Two decimal point, must 11.00 cm3
end with 0 or 5 17.30 cm3
12.25 cm3

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Control Variable (Mengawal Pembolehubah)

• Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan/Manipulated Variable:
Pemboleh ubah yang kita ubah (Variable can be change)
• Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas/Responding variable:
Pemboleh ubah yang diperhatikan/hasil ujikaji (Observed and result
produced from changing variable)
• Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan/ Constant variable:
Pemboleh ubah yang tidak berubah sepanjang ujikaji/ fixed along the
experiment. (jangan guna radas/instrument)

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Making hypothesis (Membuat hipotesis) Writing Observation/Menulis pemerhatian

1. Manipulated variable followed by responding variable with one No Betul Salah
direction (increase, decrease, gaining, losing and any words that 1 Larutan berwarna ungu bertukar menjadi Larutan berwarna ungu hilang
indicate addition or subtraction) tidak berwarna
2 Tiada perubahan berlaku Tiada tindak balas
2. Hypothesis written may wrong but correct technique may be 3 Tidak berwarna Warna air jernih
considered. 4 Kadar tindak balas bertambah/berkurang Kadar tindak balas cepat/ perlahan
5 Atom zink menderma dua elektron Zink menderma dua elektron
Semakin kecil saiz CaCO3, semakin tinggi kadar tindak balas. 6 Ion bromida Ion bromin
7 Kepekatan ion H+ bertambah Ion H+ bertambah
Semakin besar saiz CaCO3, semakin tinggi kadar tindak balas.
8 Elektron bergerak dari logam zink ke logam Elektron bergerak dari logam zink ke logam
kuprum melalui wayar penyambung kuprum
Saiz CaCO3 mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

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Writing Observation/Menulis pemerhatian Making Inference/membuat inference

Contoh Eksperimen Pemerhatian Inferens
Termokimia Suhu termometer bertambah Tindak balas adalah jenis eksotermik
No Betul Salah Kadar tindak balas Mendakan kuning terbentuk Sulfur terbentuk
9 Kedudukan zink berada di atas kuprum di Kedudukan zink berada di atas kuprum Pengaratan Larutan kuning kalium Ion Ferum(II) terbentuk // Pengaratan
dalam siri elektrokimia // Zink lebih heksasianoferat(III) bertukar menjadi berlaku
elektropositif berbanding kuprum mendakan biru tua
10 Kertas litmus merah lembap bertukar Kertas litmus merah bertukar menjadi biru Garam Mendakan putih terbentuk Garam adalah tidak terlarut
menjadi biru Kumpulan Satu Logam bergerak di atas permukaan air Logam bertindak balas dengan air //
Jadual Berkala dengan bunyi ‘hiss’ logam adalah reaktif
Unsur

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Warna-warna Garam/Salt colour Membuat Definisi Secara Operasi

• Sepanjang eksperimen, apakah yang dilakukan /What is done?

• Apakah yang diperhatikan/what to observe ketika eksperimen

berlaku?

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Membuat Definisi Secara Operasi
Neutralisation/Tindakbalas peneutralan
Apa yang dilakukan/what is done? Proses apabila asid hidroklorik
dititratkan ke dalam larutan natrium
hidroksida yang mengandungi
fenolftalein
Apa yang diperhatikan/what to Larutan merah jambu berubah kepada
observe? tidak berwarna
Jawapan lengkap Proses apabila asid hidroklorik
dititratkan ke dalam larutan natrium
hidroksida yang mengandungi
fenolftalein, larutan merah jambu
berubah kepada tidak berwarna
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Membuat Definisi Secara Operasi
Rate of Reaction/kadar tindakbalas
Apa yang dilakukan/what is done?
Apa yang diperhatikan/what to
observe?
Jawapan lengkap
63
Membuat Definisi Secara Operasi
Rubber Elasticity/kekenyalan getah
Apa yang dilakukan/what is done?
Apa yang diperhatikan/what to
observe?
Jawapan lengkap
62
Membuat Definisi Secara Operasi
Disukat setiap 30 saat
Perubahan isi padu gas CO2
Perubahan isi padu gas CO2 yang
disukat setiap 30 saat apabila CaCO3
yang berlainan saiz bertindak balas
dengan HCl.
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Apabila jalur getah digantung pada
pemberat,
Panjang jalur getah selepas pemberat
dialihkan sama panjang sebelum
eksperimen
Apabila jalur getah digantung pada
pemberat, panjang jalur getah selepas
pemberat dialihkan sama panjang
sebelum eksperimen
Alloy/Aloi
Apa yang dilakukan/what is done? Daya dikenakan // pemberat
dijatuhkan.
Apa yang diperhatikan/what to Diameter lekuk yang lebih kecil.
observe?
Jawapan lengkap Aloi ialah bahan yang menghasilkan
lekuk yang lebih kecil apabila daya
dikenakan / pemberat dijatuhkan
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Membuat Definisi Secara Operasi Communication/berkomunikasi

• Construct a table to record the initial burette readings, final burette
Rate of reaction/Kadar tindakbalas readings and volume of hydrochloric acid in Set I, Set II and Set III.
Apa yang dilakukan/what is done? Masa diambil / disukat Bina satu jadual untuk merekod bacaan awal buret, bacaan akhir
Apa yang diperhatikan/what to Tanda ‘X’ tidak kelihatan di bawah
buret dan isipadu asid hiidroklorik dalam Set I, Set II and Set III.
observe? kelalang kon.
Jawapan lengkap Masa yang diambil untuk tanda ‘X’ Set Initial Burette Final Burette Burette reading
tidak kelihatan di bawah kelalang kon. reading (cm3) reading (cm3) (cm3)
I 0.50 25.00 24.50
II 0.30 25.30 25.00
III 25.30 49.80 24.50

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Interpret Data/Interpretasi data Experimentation/mengeksperimen

Calculate the average volume of hydrochloric acid, HCl 2.0 mol dm-3 • Open response item
needed to neutralize 25.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH 1. Problem statement/Objective experiment (ONE of these question)
solution. 2. Hypothesis
Hitungkan isipadu purata asid hidroklorik HCl 2.0 mol dm-3 yang 3. Variables: Manipulated Variable (MV) and Responding Variable (RV)
diperlukan untuk meneutralkan 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroxida, 4. List of materials and apparatus
NaOH 2.0 mol dm-3. 5. Procedure
6. Data tabulation
Isipadu purata asid hidroklorik yang diperlukan =
( . . . ) cm3
= 24.67cm3

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Tips for writing experimentation Experimentation/mengeksperimen

Pernyataan Masalah/problem statement How MV influence RV?
• Write variables first, to get hypothesis! Hypothesis • If MV increase/decrease, then RV
• List of instrument and apparatus: if solution involved, a container increase/decrease OR
• if MV then RV
needed!
Variables • Manipulated
• Responding
• Constant
List of materials and apparatus Each solution/chemical substance + one container
Procedure Measure and Mix – 2(M)
Observe – 1 (O)
Record and repeat – 2 (R)
Data tabulation Table at least 3 X 3,
Labelled with MV and RV in the table

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Open Response Item Open Response Item (Stimulus question)

• Stimulus
• Daily situation (KBAT)

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Open Response Item (Stimulus question)
• Problem Statement: How carbon compound influence soot?
• Variable
Manipulated variable: Type of hydrocarbon
Responding variable: Soot
Constant: Volume of hydrocarbon
• Hypothesis: If number of carbon increase, soot increase
• Apparatus: Filter paper, evaporation dish
• Materials: Hydrocarbon A and hydrocarbon B
Open Response Item (Stimulus question)
• Procedure : 2(M), 1(O), 2(R)
1. Measure 2 cm3 hydrocarbon A and pour into an evaporation dish.
(M)
2. Light up fire (M) using Bunsen burner and put closer to the
evaporation dish contain hydrocarbon A
3. Put a filter paper on top of the evaporation dish

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Open Response Item (Stimulus question) Data Tabulation

• Procedure : 2(M), 1(O), 2(R)
Type of hydrocarbon (MV) Observation/Soot (RV)
A
4. Observe what is happened on the filter paper (O). B
5. Record your observation (R)
6. Repeat step 1 until 5 by replace hydrocarbon A with hydrocarbon B
(R)

• In chemistry, MIX must have! Or gesture to show a reaction!

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Open Response Item (Daily situation (KBAT))
Open Response Item (Daily situation (KBAT))
• Problem Statement: Bagaimana asid dan alkali mempengaruhi
penggumpalan getah?
• Variable
Manipulated variable: Asid dan alkali
Responding variable: Pengumpalan getah
Constant: Isipadu dan kepekatan asid dan alkali
• Hypothesis: Kehadiran asid menyebabkan penggumpalan getah manakala
kehadiran alkali menghalang
• Apparatus: Bikar
• Materials: Asid hidroklorik/ any acid, larutan natrium hidroksida/ any alkali,
lateks

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Open Response Item (Daily situation (KBAT)) Data Tabulation

• Procedure : 2(M), 1(O), 2(R)
Jenis larutan dicampurkan ke dalam lateks (MV) Pemerhatian/Penggumpalan Getah (RV)

1. Sukat [10 – 25] cm3 lateks dan tuang dalam sebuah bikar (M) Asid hidroklorik
Natrium hidroksida
2. Sukat [5 – 10] cm3 asid hidroklorik dan tuangkan dalam sebuah
bikar tersebut (M)
3. Biarkan bikar tersebut selama 15 minit. Perhatikan penggumpalan
lateks (O)
4. Rekodkan pemerhatian (R)
5. Ulangi Langkah 1 sehingga 4 dengan menggantikan asid hidroklorik
dengan larutan natrium hidroksida (R)

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PAPER 2 FORMAT (4541/2) PAPER 2 FORMAT (4541/2)

No Item Paper 2 (4541/2)
No Item Paper 3 (4541/3)
1 Type of Instrument Subjective Test
5 Response method Write on the space in question paper
2 Type of Item Subjective items 6 Duration of time 2 hour 30 minutes
1. Section A: Structured Item
2. Section B: Essay Restricted Response Item 7 Construct Requirement Knowledge: 14
3. Section C: Essay Extended Response Item Understanding: 21
Application: 29
3 Number of question 1. Section A: 6 (Answer all) (60%) Analysis: 21
2. Section B: 2 (Choose one) (20%) Synthesizing: 15
3. Section C: 2 (Choose one) (20%) 8 Level of difficulty L:M:H=5:3:2
4 Total Marks 100 Marks (50%) 50 Easy scores
30 Moderate scores
20 Difficult scores

9 Extra instrument Scientific calculator

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PAPER 2 PAST YEARS (4541/2) PAPER 2 FORMAT (4541/2)

Section A
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Form 4 1 Introduction to Chemistry

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C 1. Answer all question
2 The Structure of the Atom
3 Chemical Formulae and Equation 1 2. Circle the information and important key words.
4 Periodic Table of Elements 1 1 0.5
5 Chemical Bonds
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
0.5
1
3. Answer simple and accurate
6 Electrochemistry
1 1 1 1 1
7 Acids and Bases
8 Salts
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
4. Time consume suggestion : 1 hour 30 minute
9 Manufactured Substances in Industry
1 1 1

Form 5 1 Rate of Reaction 1 1 1 1

2 Carbon Compounds 1 1 1 1
3 Oxidation and Reduction 1 1 1 1 1
4 Thermochemistry 1 1 1 1 1
5 Chemical for consumers 1 1
10 10 10 10 10

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PAPER 2 FORMAT (4541/2) THE COMMON DIAGRAM IN CHEMISTRY SPM

Section B & C SYLLABUS
TOPIC IMPORTANT DIAGRAM
1. Answer ONE question EACH from Section B (1) and Section C (1) The Structure Of Atom •Determination of melting and boiling point of naphthalene
•Particle arrangement in solid , liquid and gas
2. Circle the information and important key words.
Chemical Formulae •Determination of empirical formula
3. Plan answer systematically and Equations •Magnesium oxide & Copper(II) oxide

4. Time consume suggestion : 1 hour Periodic Table •Reaction between sodium/potassium with oxygen
•Reactions between chlorine gas and iron

The Chemical Bond •Electron arrangement in ionic and covalent compound.

•Make sure you can explain the formation
of the bonds accurately

Sodium chloride Magnesium chloride

Tetrachloromethane Carbon dioxide

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TOPIC IMPORTANT DIAGRAM

TOPIC IMPORTANT DIAGRAM Manufactured •Polymerisation
Electrochemistry •Electrolysis Substances in • Propene Polypropene
•Molten Lead (II )bromide industry • Chloroethane Polivinly chloride (PVC)
•Copper(II) sulphate solution (Copper electrode) •Alloys
• Arrangement of atoms in a metal and an alloy
•Sulphuric Acid , Potassium sulphate ,Hydrochloric
(Arrangement of atoms in a pure metal )
acid ( gas bubbles released ) (Arrangement of atoms in alloy(Bronze)
•Electroplating an iron key
Rate of reaction Gas is collected using water displacement for carbon dioxide gas,
•Purifying an impure metal
oxygen and hydrogen
•Voltaic cell
•Simple cell Redox oxidising agent :
1.Usage of tube U , 2.Rusting of a. Chlorine Water
•Daniell cell (porous pot)
iron b. Bromine Water
•Daniell cell (Salt bridge ) c. Potassium manganate (VII) acidified
ACID ,BASE & SALT 1. Heating of carbonate compound and confirmatory test Reduction agent
for carbon dioxide a.KI
•Heating of copper(II) carbonate and confirmatory test for carbon b.KBr
c.FeSO4
dioxide
* Mark the positive and negative terminal
2. Preparation of soluble salt (Method I & II)
•Preparation of soluble salt (Method I) – Sodium nitrate Thermochemistry Determination of Heat Combustion
•Preparation of soluble salt (Method II) – Copper(II) sulphate Carbon Compound •Alcohol Dehydration
3. Preparation of insoluble salt •Oxidation of alcohol and esterification through reflux
•Preparation of insoluble salt – Lead(II) iodide •Alcohol Dehydration
•Oxidation of alcoholand esterification through reflux

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Command word Explanation/ example

Name Give the name, not the formula
(paper 2 & 3) Example : Name the main element added to copper to form bronze
Wrong anwers : Sn Correct answer : Tin

State Give brief answer only. Explanation is not required. Explain Give the answer with reasons to explain certain statement/fact/observation/principal.
(paper 2 & 3) Example : State one substance which conduct electricity in solid state (paper 2 & 3) Example 1 : Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper. [4 marks]
Answer : copper/ Cu Correct answer :
-copper atoms in pure copper are all the same size and 1
State the Write what is observed physically. -they are arranged in layers that can slide easily when force is applied 1
observation Example : State one observation when magnesium powder is added to - the presence of tin atoms in bronze that are different in size disturb the orderly
(paper 2 & 3) hydrochloric acid [1 mark] arrangement of atoms in bronze 1
Wrong answer : Hydrogen gas is released -this reduces / prevent the layer of atom from sliding 1
Correct answer : (colourless) gas bubbles is released
Indicate the change of colour , give the initial and final colour of the
substance/chemical.
Example 2 : What is the colour change of copper(II) solution after 30 minutes? [2
marks]
Wrong answer : The solution is fading.
Correct answer : The blue colour of the solution is fading

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What is meant by .. Give the exact meaning

(Definition) Example : What is meant by hydrocarbon.
(paper 2 & 3) Wrong answer : A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen .
Correct answer : A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only. Describe gas test State the method to conduct the test, observation and conclusion
(paper 2 & 3) Example : Describe the confirmatory test for gas released at the anode (oxygen).
[ 3 marks]
Describe chemical State the method to conduct the test, observation and conclusion Wrong answer : Test with a glowing wooden splinter
test Example : Describe how to identify the ion presence in the solution. [ 3 marks] Correct answer :
(paper 2 & 3) Correct answer : - Put a glowing wooden splinter in the mouth of the test tube. 1
-Pour in 2cm3 of the solution in a test tube. Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution - The glowing wooden splinter is lighted up 1
and shaken 1 - Oxygen gas is released 1
- A brown precipitate is formed 1
- Fe3+ ions present 1

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Plan an experiment Answer the question according the requirement :

( 17 marks) - Aim of the experiment/ Statement of problem
Describe an - No mark is awarded for the diagram. The diagram can helps students write the steps ( Paper 3) - Statement of the hypothesis
experiment taken in the - All the variables – controlled, manipulated, responding
( 8 -10 marks ) procedure. - List of substances/material and apparatus – should be separated
( paper 2) - List of materials : 1 m Can be obtained from the diagram - Procedure of the experiment
- List of apparatus : 1 m - Tabulation of data
- Procedure : ( 5 – 8 m) - Note : For the question 3 , unlike PEKA report students only need to answer
- Observation/Tabulation of data/Calculation/sketch of the graph/chemical equation/ according to what
ionic equation/ conclusion give relevant details derived from the question
- Any additional details relevant derived from the question to stated in the question.
- No mark for the diagram. Diagram can help the student writing the steps taken
in the procedure

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Predict Make a prediction for something that might happen based on facts.
(paper 2 & 3) Example : Experiment I is repeated by using a larger beaker. Predict the increase in
temperature
Answer : The increase in temperature is lower than experiment I
Compare Give similarities and differences between two items/situations
(paper 2) Example : Compare the atom of Hydrogen -3 with the atom of Hydrogen-2 (SPM 2007)
Answer :
Similarities Differences
1. Both have 1 proton in the nucleus of 1. Atom of Hydrogen-3 has 2 neutrons
an atom. but atom of Hydrogen-2 has 1 neutron
only// Nucleon number for atom of
Hydrogen-3 is 3 but Nucleon number for
atom of Hydrogen-2 is 2
2. Both have 1 electron 2. The symbol of atom of Hydrogen-3 is
but the symbol of atom of Hydrogen-2 is

3. Both have same chemical properties 3. Both have difference physicals

properties.
4. Both have one shell occupied with
electron

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Differentiate Give differences between two items/situations

Draw a labeled Draw a complete set up of apparatus
(paper 2) Example: States three differences between ionic and covalent compound
diagram of the set (i) Functional set up of apparatus ( no leaking/ stopper is not fully dipped in the test tube/
Answer: States the three properties of ionic compound and three properties up of apparatus boiling tube/conical flask/ combustion tube)
of covalent compound (paper 2) (ii) Complete label
(iii) Shade solid, liquid and gas correctly
1. Ionic compound has higher melting and boiling point but covalent (iv) Draw an arrow and label ‘heat’ if the experiment involves heating
compound has lower melting and boiling point. Draw a diagram to (i) Ionic compound - the number of electrons in each shell is correct, maximum 2 electrons in
show the bonding the first shell and 8 electrons in the second and third shells
2. Ionic compound soluble in water but covalent compound is insoluble in formed in the - show the charge for each particles
water// Ionic compound insoluble in organic solvent but covalent compound - Write the symbol of each element at the centre of the ion
(paper 2) (ii) Covalent compound - the number of electrons in each shell is correct, maximum 2
compound is soluble in organic solvent.
electrons in the first shell and 8 electrons in the second and third shells
- The number of atom sharing pair of electron is correct
3. Ionic compound can conduct electricity in molten and aqueous state - Write the symbol of each element at the centre of the each atom in the molecule
but covalent compound cannot conduct electricity in any state.

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Draw the - Solid : Draw at least three layers of particles closely packed in orderly manner and
arrangement there are not
of particles in solid, overlap.
liquid and gas
(paper 2)

Draw graph Draw graph as follows:

(paper 3) - Label the two axis with the correct unit
- Choose the suitable scale, size of the graph should be at least ¾ of the size of the
graph paper - Liquid: The particles packed closely but not in orderly manner
- Plot all the points correctly - Smooth graph(curve or straight line)
- For the determination of the rate of reaction
(i) Draw a tangent at the curve (ii) Draw a triangle at the tangent
(iii) Calculate the gradient of the tangent

Draw the energy - Draw an arrow for the vertical axis only and label with energy
level diagram - Draw two horizontal lines for the reactants and products - Gas : the particles are very far apart from each other
(paper 2)

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3 types of questions which involve

experiments in paper 2:
Draw the direction of Draw the direction for the flow of electrons on the circuit, not through the solution
electron flow I. Type 1
Describe an experiment on ………. Include a labeled diagram in your answer
Write chemical - Write the balanced chemical equation  Diagram
equation - Differentiate :  Procedure/method – in the form of active or passive voice
(paper 2&3) (i) Balanced chemical equation (ii) Ionic equation (iii) Half equation for  Observation/ Example/Tabulated data/Calculation/Graph sketch/Conclusion
oxidation II. Type 2
(iv) Half equation for reduction Describe an experiment on ………. ( The diagram will support your answer.)
Calculate(paper 2&3) - Show all the steps taken  No mark is allocated for a diagram
- Give the final answer with unit  Procedure/method – in the form of active or passive voice
 Observation/ Example/Tabulated data/Calculation/Graph sketch/Conclusion
Classify - Draw table to represent the classification III. Type 3
(paper 3) Describe a chemical/ confirmatory test for ……….
 Procedure/method – in the form of active or passive voice
 Observation
 Conclusion

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Write the formula of the compound formed between Na and O.

Ans : Na2O

iii) The electron arrangement of Atom Q is 2.6. Write the formula of the ion formed.
What is observation ? Ans : Q2-

iv) Write the ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium
 Wrong  Accurate
hydroxide.
Chlorine gas is liberated Greenish yellow gas is liberated Ans : H+ + OH-  H2O

Purple colour dissappear Purple colour is decolourise// purple turns to colourless. v) Sodium chloride can conduct electricity in molten or in aqueous state but glucose cannot conduct
electricity in any state. Explain. [2 marks]
Copper is formed Brown solid is deposited Consists 2 answers –because NaCl in molten or aqueous state has free moving ions and
glucose exists as molecule.
Galvanometer is move Galvanometer needles is deflected
5.4.3 Must use the accurate terminology and correct spelling. (Refer to the Table 1 and Table 2)

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1. Soalan Struktur 2. Soalan Esei

a) Tidak memahami tugasan soalan / a) Tidak faham tugasan soalan

kehendak soalan b) Jawapan terlalu umum –tiada isi
b) Menyalin semula soalan c) Isi yang diberi tidak sama dengan markah yang
c) Jawapan terlalu panjang / memanjangkan diperuntukkan.
jawapan d) Tidak sertakan gambar rajah sebagai pelengkap
d) Memberi lebih daripada satu jawapan e) Tulisan sukar dibaca
e) Memberi unit yang salah f) Bahasa – penyampaian tidak memuaskan
f) Masalah ejaan pada istilah g) Fakta tidak tersusun

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i) Bagi huraian eksperimen yang berkaitan dengan
3. Lain-lain (terdapat dalam struktur dan esei) kuantiti,terdapat calon yang tidak memberikan kuantiti yang
sesuai malah ada yang tidak menyebut langsung
a) Persamaan tidak seimbang
b) Tidak dapat membezakan antara persamaan ion, persamaan j) Keliru dengan pemerhatian.Contoh:Gas hidrogen
bagi setengah tindak balas atau persamaan keseluruhan. dibebaskan.Sepatutnya pembuakan/gelembung gas.
c) Tidak dapat menyatakan warna bahan dengan tepat
d) Tidak menyebut warna asal bagi sesuatu perubahan. k) Melukis graf : paksi-paksi tidak dilabel dan tiada unit.
e) Kesilapan gambar rajah
f) Kesilapan dalam penghitungan dimana tidak menunjukkan l) Menganggap Siri kereaktifan sama Siri elektrokimia.
jalan kerja. m) Tidak menyebut keadaan bahan yang digunakan atau hasil
g) Tidak menghuraikan kaedah bagaimana ujian ke atas sesuatu
yang terbentuk
bahan dijalankan.
h) Tertinggal perlakuan-perlakuan penting dalam huraian n) Soalan yang memerlukan perbezaan antara dua bahan, ada
eksperimen seperti gaulkan, campurkan, gaulkan campuran calon yang menumpukan kepada satu bahan sahaja. Misalnya
dengan rata, panaskan dengan kuat. soalan tentang perbezaan sebatian ionik dan sebatian kovalen.
Calon hanya memberikan sifat sebatian ionik sahaja.

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Penggunaan Istilah/Perkataan Yang Tidak Tepat 17 Bilangan elektron terluar Bilangan elektron di petala luar/terluar
Fungsi titian garam ialah melengkapkan litar dan mengasingkan
18 Fungsi titian garam ialah membenarkan ion melaluinya
Bil Tidak Tepat Sepatutnya larutan
1 Mendakan perang Enapan perang
19 Natrium menderma elektron Atom natrium menderma satu elektron
2 Atom yang stabil Atom mencapai susunan elektron oktet yang stabil
20 Struktur elektron stabil Susunan elektron octet
3 Konfigurasi elektron Susunan elektron
4 Larutan jernih Larutan tanpa warna 21 Elektron sudah penuh dipetala luar Terdapat lapan elektron di petala luar
Ion iodida habis bertindak balas//semua ion iodida 22 Tarikan nukleus ke atas petala luar Tarikan nukleus ke atas elektron di petala luar
5 Ion iodida bertindak balas lengkap
bertindak balas lengkap
23 Saiz unsur bertambah Saiz atom bertambah
6 Tindak balas tidak berlaku(pemerhatian) Tiada perubahan 24 Kadar tindak balas cepat Kadar tindak balas tinggi/meningkat/bertambah
7 Mempercepatkan kadar tindak balas Kadar tindak balas bertambah/meningkat 25 Kadar tindak balas perlahan Kadar tindak balas rendah/berkurang
8 Pembakaran dengan karbon Pembakaran dengan oksigen Saiz bahan yang kecil mempunyai jumlah luas
26 Saiz bahan yang kecil mempunyai luas permukaan yang besar
9 Magnesium lebih aktif daripada zink Magnesium lebih reaktif daripada zink permukaan yang besar
10 SEK Siri elektrokimia Bilangan zarah per unit isipadu bertambah apabila
27 Bilangan zarah bertambah apabila kepekatan bertambah
11 Magnesium lebih reaktif daripada zink (siri elektrokimia) Magnesium lebih elektropositif daripada zink. kepekatan bertambah

12 Magnesium lebih elektropositif daripada zink.(siri kereaktifan) Magnesium lebih reaktif daripada zink Sebatian ion dapat mengalirkan arus elektrik dalam
28 Sebatian ion dapat mengalirkan arus elektrik
keadaan lebur atau akueus.
13 Campurkan ammonia Campurkan larutan ammonia
14 Larutan kalium permanganat Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid Jisim atom relatif sesuatu unsur berapa kali satu atom unsur itu Jisim atom relatif sesuatu unsur berapa kali satu atom
29
lebih berat daripada hidrogen unsur itu lebih berat daripada satu atom hidrogen
15 Polistirena dapat mencegah kehilangan haba Polistirena mengurangkan kehilangan haba
Takat lebur ialah suhu dimana pepejal berubah Hidrokarbon ialah sebatian yang mengandungi karbon dan Hidrokarbon ialah sebatian yang mengandungi karbon
16 Takat lebur ialah takat dimana pepejal berubah menjadi cecair 30
menjadi cecair hidrogen. dan hidrogen sahaja.

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31 Nombor pengoksidaan ferum berubah Nombor pengoksidaan ferum bertambah dari +2 ke +3
1. Konsep mol - Perlu dikuasai dengan baik.
32 Daya tarikan sebatian ion kuat Daya tarikan antara ion dalam sebatian kuat

33 Daya tarikan dalam molekul lemah Daya tarikan antara molekul lemah
Perlukan pelbagai latihan dalam semua tajuk
34
Polimer adalah bahan yang terdiri daripada monomer- Polimer adalah bahan yang terbentuk daripada yang berkaitan dengan konsep mol. Antara tajuk
monomer penggabungan monomer-monomer
yang melibatkan konsep mol:
Warna ungu larutan kalium mangganat(VII)menjadi
35 Warna kalium mangganat(VII)menjadi tanpa warna
tanpa warna

Atom natrium dan klorin terletak dalam kala yang sama

Atom natrium dan klorin terletak dalam kala yang sama • Formula dan persamaan kimia
36 kerana kedua-dua atom mempunyai tiga petala berisi
kerana kedua-dua atom mempunyai tiga petala
elektron • Asid, Bes , Alkali
37 Sabun terdiri daripada bahagian hidrofilik dan hidrofobik.
Molekul sabun terdiri daripada bahagian hidrofilik dan
hidrofobik.
• Garam
38 Sabun merendahkan tegangan permukaan pakaian Sabun merendahkan tegangan permukaan air
• Termokimia
39
Zink karbonat berwarna kuning semasa panas dan putih Zink oksida berwarna kuning semasa panas dan putih • Kadar tindakbalas
semasa sejuk semasa sejuk

40 Kuprum didiscas dikatod Ion kuprum didiscas dikatod

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2. Menjawab soalan 3. Penguasaan

• Kuasai kemahiran memahami arahan /tugasan soalan. Baca soalan dengan
teliti. Pastikan jawapan yang diberikan setanding dengan peruntukan A) Bahasa/ istilah
markah untuk soalan yang dijawab itu.
• Gunakan istilah yang tepat,tidak kabur atau secara umum sahaja
• Bagi soalan esei, buat rangka jawapan terlebih dahulu. • Perlu latihan menggunakan bahasa yang tepat dalam menghuraikan
• Banyakkan latih-tubi dengan menjawab soalan-soalan yang lebih mencabar eksperimen, memberi maksud atau menerangkan sesutu konsep.
• Jawab juga soalan peperiksaan tahun-tahun lepas.
• Mesti buat latihan penghitungan yang melibatkan pelbagai
hubungkait.Dalam penghitungan,unit hendaklah diberi perhatian
sewajarnya.

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B) Formula bahan kimia C) Huraian eksperimen

• Perlu untuk membina persamaan kimia. • Jawapan mestilah lengkap dan terperinci tidak hanya melukis gambar
• Jenis-jenis persamaan harus diketahui dan dapat dibezakan.Misalnya rajah susunan radas tanpa huraian.
persamaan ion , setengah persamaan. • Tulis senarai bahan kimia dan alat radas.
• Persamaan penting kerana digunakan untuk menghitung kuantiti • Beri penekanan kepada cara membuat pemerhatian dan kemahiran
bahan atau hasil tindak balas. proses.

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6. Jangan terus melupakan tajuk-tajuk / bahagian yang

4. Amalkan pembelajaran menyeluruh dan seimbang - iaitu dengan banyak menghafal dan mengingat.
memberi tumpuan yang sama kepada semua bahagian dalam sukatan
pelajaran kimia. Perkara yang perlu dihafal ialah:

a) Jadual Berkala bagi unsur kumpulan 1,17 dan 18 serta kala

5. Lebihkan latihan bagi topik sebatian karbon dan hubungkaitkan 3.
alkana , alkena , alkohol , asid karboksilik dan ester. b) Jadual cas ion
c) Siri elektrokimia /siri kereaktifan
d) Formula am siri homolog dan nama bagi 10 ahli pertama
dalam setiap siri homolog.
e) Keterlarutan garam
f) Ujian kualitatif anion dan kation
g) Carta aliran penukaran etanol.

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7. Bagi kertas 3

1. Fokuskan kepada cara membaca jam randik , buret

dan termometer dengan tepat iaitu menguasai
kemahiran mengukur dan menggunakan alat
mengukur.
2. Menulis laporan eksperimen mengikut format yang
bersistematik
3. Mengingat semua kemahiran proses sains.
4. Fokus kemahiran melukis graf dan membina jadual

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