Looking Back: Frayer Model (30 pts.

Probability Sampling
(3 pts.) Definition:
A sampling technique where every member of the target
population has an equal chance of being selected.
(3 pts.) Characteristics:
 Difficult
 Expensive
 Useful and precise in
generalizing findings
(5 pts.) Examples:
 Simple random
 Systematic
 Stratified
 Cluster
 Multi-stage
(4 pts.) Non-examples:
 Convenience
 Purposive
 Quota
 Snowball
Non-Probability Sampling
(3 pts.) Definition:
A sampling technique where individuals of the target
population are not given equal chance of being selected.
(3 pts.) Characteristics:
 Subjective
 Relies on judgment of researcher
 Useful in qualitative research
(4 pts.) Examples:
  Convenience
 Purposive
 Quota
 Snowball

(5 pts.) Non-examples:
 Simple random
 Systematic
 Stratified
 Cluster
 Multi-stage
Activity 1 (10 pts.)
1. ordinal
2. ratio
3. ordinal
4. nominal
5. interval
6. ordinal
7. interval
8. ratio
9. nominal
10. nominal
Activity 2 (10 pts.)
1. E
2. C
3. J
4. F
5. D
6. A
7. I
8. B
9. H
10. G

Activity 3 (12 pts.)

Primary Sources
 Survey Questionnaire
 Client histories
 Focus group discussion
 Experiment
 Unstructured interview
 Personal Observation

Secondary Sources
 Journals
 Internet Articles
 Books published
 Brochures
 Newspapers
 Human observation

Check Your Understanding

1. Primary research means the collection of data for the first time or the
transformation of raw data into new forms as a precursor of analysis. This
includes surveys, focus groups, questionnaires, and interviews.

Secondary research does not generate new data. It reuses or revisits the
primary research of other research projects. This includes research that are
in libraries, databases, and archives.

2. Reliability is important because it makes sure that your research can be

replicated under the same conditions. Validity is also important because it
makes sure that your research really measures what you intend to measure.
 3. The measurement scale is important for s researcher to identify because it
allows the research to qualify or quantify data variables in statistics. It also
determines the kind of techniques to be used for statistical analysis.

Reflection
What learnings have I found from this module?
In this module I learned about the ways in which you can collect data in your
research.
What other concepts I want to explore more after accomplishing this module?
I want to learn about how I can make a good research methodology in doing
experimental research.
What conclusions I have drawn based on the lessons presented?
My key takeaway from this lesson is that gathering data is tedious and you should
take into consideration what you want to get from it before doing it.
How will I apply the concepts I have learned in my day to day living?
Prior to making my research, I will make sure that I have a clear understanding of
the kinds of data I will be gathering so that it would be easier for me to do research.
What are the positive attitudes and values I developed from this module?
Be motivated enough to fulfill the goals you’ve set even though it’s challenging
and feel like not making it.