Kim, Sprite, Mark, and Porsche

● The Haitian revolution is known to be the largest and most successful slave
rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. From 1791 - 1803 they ended slavery
and French control over the colony. These revolutions were influenced from
the French revolution in 1789. Before it was called Haiti it was called Saint
Dominigue, it was very rich because a lot of slaves produced sugar, cotton,
coffee and indigo.
● The Haitian Revolution, which took place between 1791-1804, is significant
because Haiti is the only country where slave freedom was taken by force. It
was the only successful slave revolt in modern times. In addition, Haiti was
the first country in Latin America to gain independence, second only to the
United States in the Americas as a whole. It’s important to discuss Haiti
because of its significance within the narrative of the political revolutions of
the 18th century.
Causes: The main reason is social
instability of Saint Domingue
https://www.preceden.com/timelines/35130-haitian-revolution

https://15minutehistory.org/podcast/episode-11-the-haitian-revolution/

https://learnhaitirevolution.weebly.com/most-important-causes.html
Tossaint Louverture
François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture May 1743 – 7 April 1803), also
known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda, was a Haitian general and
best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution.[6] He was a leader of the growing
resistance. His military and political acumen saved the gains of the first black
insurrection in November 1791. He first fought for the Spanish against the
French; then for France against Spain and Great Britain; and finally, he fought
on behalf of Saint-Domingue in the era of Napoleonic France. He helped
transform the slave insurgency into a revolutionary movement. C
History
Taino and Ciboney
Main events
Social Classes
1.White

2.Mulattos

3.Black slaves
Summary
https://15minutehistory.org/podcast/episode-11-the-haitian-revolution/
Overview
● Haitian revolution was a rebellion by slaves against France for political and
social reasons which led to a fight between slaves that led by Toussaint
l'Ouverture and the French army that led by General Leclerc from 1791 to
1804.
● People in Saint Domingue were consisted of four groups: whites, free
coloreds, petit blancs and slaves.
Haitian Revolution
Haitian revolution was a rebellion against France colony by slaves from 1791
to 1804. At the time, they were 4 classes: whites, Mulattos, petit blancs and black
slaves. Dued to the unfair political and social system, the black slaves were
coming up for a big revolt. The revolution took place in Saint Domingue, which is
also known as Haiti. Furthermore, it is one of the richest French colony because of
its huge production of sugar, coffee and cotton. Without any doubt, the whole
procedure was done by the black slaves in all parts. However, the slaves still didn’t
receive the rights they deserved. Therefore, it had led to a revolt against the
French army led by Toussaint l’Overture, a best known Haitian general.
Significantly, this revolution was considered to be the first successful revolt against
slavery in the Western Hemisphere.
Most important cause
Social instability of Saint-Domingue was the main factor of the Revolution.
Social instability was a separation of classes in Saint-Domingue. It led to
economic, social and political problems in the colony.
Causes: Economic

At the time, Saint Domingue was responsible to export sugar and coffee. With
over 60 % of the world’s coffee and 40 % of the world’s sugar, it is considered to
be the richest colonies owned by France. The production was cropped by the
black slaves. Therefore, the country demanded a high amount of slaves which has
led to social instability. They were approximately 500,000 slaves at the time and
they were treated poorly. Dued to this inequality, it has led to a slavery revolt.
Cause: social
Social- causes are the arguments between many social groups in Haiti and
they were not happy the way they treated them so the slave’s revolution began. It
started with the wealth of Haiti but it was organized with a very brutal way and
social classes are divided unfairly. Before the slave’s revolution, Haitian people
made pirate that stayed in the outer to use their wealth to make sugar cane farms
so that they could able to produce a huge amount of sugar but the workers are
oppressed and paid with very low amount of money. This made Haiti became
second most number of slaves in the world at that time(90% of people are slaves).
But there are two more classes in Haiti which are free coloreds which came from
the rich white and slaves and Petit Blancs are poor white people which mostly are
shopkeepers, teachers, and artisans. These classes are the main factors that
French revolution had a long term effects to the Haitian revolution by having loads
of works(slaves) , couldn’t afford their own slaves( free coloreds and Petit Blancs).
Cause: political
Although Saint-Domingue seemed to have a well structured government,
political problem began when the French Revolution broke out and that really
affected among white population. White people were the main factor of Haiti
formation. When the French revolution broke out, white people were divided into
two main groups: the grand blancs and the petit blancs. The grand blancs were
trying to gain freedom to represent the colony, the petit blancs wanted political
equality. Meanwhile, slaves were trying to gain more civil rights motivated by color
people and that led the slaves to rebel.
Timeline
Aug 15, 1791 : Dutty Boukman,a former slave and voodoo priest, organized a revolution to tried to make the whites left.

Aug 20, 1791: Whites Panicked about the revolution, and no one would help so they ended up killing hundreds of blacks in
attempted to stop the revolution.

Aug 25, 1792: France became a republic, and other countries took this as an opportunity to invade Hispaniola.

Sep 01, 1793: A rebel leader anmed Toussaint Louverture helps SPain get rid of Britain in exchange for peace and equality.

Sep 05, 1794: Louverture abandoned Spain and Joins the French, due to slavery being abolished in France.

Sep 10, 1795: Spain signed a peace treaty with France.

Sep 15, 1797: Toussaint and Andre teamed up from the English island.
Timeline
Sep 20, 1799: Louverture and Rigaud had a dispute and had a one year war, Louverture won with the help of the British.

Oct 05, 1801: Toussaint created a constitution out lawing slavery, and voodoo, the main religion of the Haitian people. Also
the people of Saint domingue were now citizens of France, and he made himself ruler for life. This made the people upset
with Louverture's new constitution.

Oct 10, 1801: The people of Haiti were not happy with Louverture's new constitution and accused him for exploiting for
France.

Oct 20, 1802: French invaded Saint Domingue, the French captured Louverture, and people continued to fight for the
French not knowing they were going to put slavery back into place.

Oct 25, 1802: The Entire population now resist the French, and Haitians are executed publicly.

Jan 01, 1803:: The Haitians use scorched earth policy, and the French finally leave Haiti.

Jan 01, 1804: Everyone refused to trade with Haiti, and no one invaded again. Haitians lost everything from the scorched
earth policy. Haiti went into poverty. Jean Jacques Dessilines crowns himself emperor and created a constitution.
Impacts

After the revolution , not only France got a huge effects but also the United States.
At that time, U.S president must affect a huge change of slavery and the disputes
of white people in US. In the south, white people were afraid of the Haitian
revolution’s effects. By the time, when the news came through the US. There’s a
group of people or anti- slavery which will have a huge effects in the US in the
future.
References

Perry, C. (2014). 15 events of Haitian Revolution. Retreived from

https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/15-events-of-the-haitian-revolution