Klasifikasi Massa Batuan & Terapan

di Tambang Bawah Tanah

ITNY, 09 Juli 2020

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Pokok Bahasan

Pengantar

RMR, Q-System
& GSI

Penerapan RMR &

Q-System

Kesimpulan

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Pengantar

When you can measure what you are speaking about

and express it in number,
You know something about it.

~Lord Kevin

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Pengantar

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Pengantar

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Pengantar

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Rock Mechanic Logic

Brady & Brown (2004)

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RQD (Deere,1964)

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 RQD Berdasarkan Mapping
Palmstrom (1974) memperkenalkan konsep Volumetric
Joint Count(Jv = Joint/meter cubic) RQD = 115 - 3.3 Jv
Palmstrom (2005) melakukan pembaruan:
RQD = 110 – 2.5 Jv
RQD=0 untuk Jv > 44
RQD=100 untuk Jv < 4

Hudson dan Priest (1979) memperkenalkan relasi

antara RQD dan Fracture Frequency
𝑹𝑸𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒆−𝟎.𝟏𝛌 (𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝛌)

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RQD Berdasarkan Mapping
JS-1 = 0.50 m
JS-2 = 0.35 m
JS-3 = 0.30 m

1 1 1
Jv = + +
0.50 0.35 0.30

= 8.2 Joint/m3

RQD = 110 – 2.5 Jv

= 89.5

0 1

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 Rock Mass Rating

Rehman H dkk (2018)

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RMR 1989
UCS = 50 to 100 MPa
Joint Spacing RQD = 110 – 2.5 Jv
= 89.5

Joint Condition JS = 0.3 to 0.5m

JC : - Slightly rough
- Sparation<1mm
- Slightly weathered

GW: Completely dry

0 1

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RMR 1989 (RMR basic)

RMR(basic)= 7+17+10+25+15 = 74

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RMR 1989 (Adjusment)

RMR= 74-5 = 69

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 RMR vs GSI

GSI = 65 to 70

RMR basic RMR = 7+17+10+25+15 = 74

GSI aproaching RMR = GSI ± 5

=70 + 5 = 75

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RMR89 & RMR14 Software

https://jkundu.com/quickrmr
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Q System

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Q System

X X

𝑅𝑄𝐷 𝐽𝑟 J𝑤
Q= × ×
𝐽𝑛 𝐽𝑎 SRF
89.5 1.5 1
= × ×
9 1 1
= 14.92 (Good) www.nhm.co.id
Aplikasi Klasifikasi Massa Batuan

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Kencana UG Mine
Kencana UG:
- Epitermal Deposit
- Ore body 4-25m width
- Low stress
- Poor/squeezing ground
- UHCF Method (Pastefill)
- Ore Drive Profile 5x5m
- Total lateral advance >93km

Section View
Plan View

Level Access

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Action and Respons Plan

Berdasarkan kondisi massa batuan Berdasarkan kondisi lubang bukaan

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 Gosowong Standard
since Feb 2016
Used at Gosowong

Strength
R6 15
R5 12
R4 7
R3 4
R2 2
R1 1
R0 0

RQD
From To Rating
90 100 20
75 90 17
50 75 13
25 50 8
0 25 3

Joint Spacing
From To Rating
>3 30
1 3 25
0.3 1 20
0.05 0.3 10
<0.05 5

Joint Condtion
Description Rating

No Seperation
25

Seperation < 1 mm Hard

20

Seperation < 1 mm Soft

12

Open Joint 1 -5 mm
6
Open Joint > 5 mm
0

Ground Water
Description Rating
Dry 10 *)Modified from RMR 1976
Moist 7
Wet 4
4
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Water Problem 0
Rekomendasi Empiris

Design Bolt Length Guidance (Girmstad& Barton, 1993). Length of bolts:

L = 2 + 0.15*(Span/ESR) = 2 + 0.15*(5/3)
L = 2.25 m
For heavily fractured rock mass (Stillborg,1994). Length of bolts:
L = 1.60 + (1.0 + 0.0012(Span)^2)^0.5= 1.60 + (1.0 + 0.0012(5)^2)^0.5
L = 2.61 m
Rule of thumb zone of loosening. Length of bolts:
L = (Span/3) + 1m to (Span/2) + 1m
L = 2.6 m to 3.5 m
Hutchinson and Diederichs(1996). Length of cable bolts:
L = 0.7 s^0.7+ 2m www.nhm.co.id
L = 4.2 m
Stability Graph and ELOS

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24
Reinforcement & Support

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Reinforcement & Support

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Ground Type

T2 T3

T4 T5 www.nhm.co.id
T4 & T5
Rib Pillar/ Spiling Bolt
Shotcrete arc/
Reinforced Ribs Sprayed Concrete

T5

T4
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Ground Failure
Caving

Slumping

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Fall of Ground Treatment
Looking righthand

Looking lefthand

Support
Probe drilling
Inject Resin
Re-probe
Cut 2m max Face
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Terapan Empiris

Fillfence

Paste

Fillfence
>11m
>11m

Long
Tandons

Rule of thumb zone of loosening. Length of bolts:

L = (Span/3) + 1m to (Span/2) + 1m
L = 4 m to 6 m
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31
Data Core + Face Mapping
Drive
DISCONTINUITY GROUNDWATER GSI Ground RECOMMENDED
DATE ZONE SECTOR HEADING X Y Z Direction From To LITHOLOGY RQD (%)
SPACING
DISCONTINUITY CONDITION
CONDITION RATING
RMR Q Type SUPPORT TYPE
COMMENTS
(⁰)

UC1 W
06-Feb-16 KL 10A 9885 19510 4808 251 0 5.0 Arg (Clay) 10 0.05 to 0.3 Open Joint 1-5mm Dry 25 29 0.48 T3 Type 4
OD01
UC1 W
04-Sep-16 KL 10A 9879 19508 4807 241 0 5.0 Arg (Clay) 10 0.05 to 0.3 Open Joint > 5mm Dry 20 23 0.25 T4 Type 4
OD01

UC1 W
05-Sep-16 KL 10A 9876 19505 4807 235 0 5.0 Arg (Clay) 10 0.05 to 0.3 Open Joint > 5mm Dry 20 23 0.25 T4 Type 4
OD01

27-Nov-16 K1 00B UC1 WEST 9880 19816 4997 355 0 5.0 Andesite 40 0.3 to 1 Open Joint 1-5mm Dry 55 51 5.39 T2 Type 3

SILL
08-Feb-17 K1 02B 9975 19725 4979 305 0 5.0 Conglomerate 10 <0.05 Open Joint 1-5mm Moist 25 28 0.43 T3 Type 3
ACCESS

SILL Fragmental
21-Apr-17 K1 02B 9881 19825 4957 5 0 5.0 10 <0.05 Open Joint 1-5mm Dry 25 29 0.48 T3 Type 3
ACCESS Andesite

Fragmental
21-Apr-17 K1 03A UC3 LA01 10002 19796 4932 270 0 5.0 10 0.05 to 0.3 Separation < 1mm Soft Dry 35 40 1.61 T2 Type 3
Andesite

Database
SILL Fragmental
26-Apr-17 K1 02B 9882 19837 4954 5 0 5.0 10 <0.05 Separation < 1mm Soft Dry 35 35 0.93 T2 Type 3
ACCESS Andesite

26-Apr-17 K1 SP 05 ACCESS 10054 19793 4982 10 0 5.0 Andesite 10 0.05 to 0.3 Separation < 1mm Hard Dry 45 50 4.83 T2 Type 3

26-Apr-17 KL SP 16 DD CUDDY 9748 19225 4808 220 0 5.0 Andesite 20 0.05 to 0.3 Separation < 1mm Hard Dry 45 50 4.83 T2 Type 4 HEADING FOR DD CUDDY

30-Apr-17 K1 SP 05 ACCESS 10056 19806 4984 356 0 5.0 Andesite 30 0.05 to 0.3 Separation < 1mm Soft Dry 45 47 3.47 T2 Type 3

09-May-17 KN SUB 14A UC2 LA 10130 20059 4718 90 0 5.0 Conglomerate 20 0.05 to 0.3 Separation < 1mm Soft Moist 40 39 1.44 T2 Type 3 BRECCIA EXPOSED

STEEL OF JUMBO TOUCH WEAK

13-May-17 KN SUB 14A UC2 LA 10136 20057 4717 86 0 5.0 Conglomerate 10 <0.05 Separation < 1mm Soft Wet 35 31 0.60 T3 Type 4 ROCK (HW)

UC3 N
03-Jun-17 K1 03A 9962 19790 4932 270 0 5.0 Arg (Clay) 10 0.05 to 0.3 Open Joint 1-5mm Dry 30 29 0.48 T3 Type 3
OD04
SILL N FOUND STEEP STRUCTURE
11-Jun-17 K1 06D 10014 20005 4892 330 0 5.0 Basalt 10 0.05 to 0.3 Open Joint 1-5mm Dry 45 41 1.80 T2 Type 3 PARALLEL WITH DRIVE
OD01
UC3 N PRESENCE BRECCIE AT RIGHT SIDE
13-Jun-17 K1 03A 9947 19802 4992 346 0 5.0 Conglomerate 10 0.05 to 0.3 Open Joint 1-5mm Dry 35 36 1.04 T2 Type 3 FACE WITHORIENTATION N 300' E /
OD04 80'

20-Jun-17 KL 15A UC1 WEST 9912 19447 4710 65 0 5.0 Quartz Vein 10 <0.05 Open Joint 1-5mm Moist 30 25 0.31 T3 Type 4 Argi l i c l a yer expos ed vs overha ng

FOUND STEEP STRUCTURE

24-Jun-17 KL 15A UC1 EAST 9991 19544 4709 65 0 5.0 Vma (Mudstone) 10 <0.05 Open Joint 1-5mm Moist 25 22 0.22 T4 Type 4 PARALLEL WITH DRIVE

Wa ter fl ow from RHS a nd brecci a

25-Jun-17 KL 15A UC1 WEST 9912 19443 4710 65 0 5.0 Arg (Clay) 10 <0.05 Open Joint 1-5mm Moderate Pressure 20 14 0.09 T4 Type 4 qua rtz eroded

Core to model +
Validated from face mapping

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Rockmass Model

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Damage Mapping

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Kesimpulan
• Ketika digunakan secara benar, klasifikasi massa batuan
adalah alat yang sangat efektif dalam pertimbangan
geoteknikal
• Hampir semua hardrock mining menggunakan klasifikasi
RMR/Q
• Dalam rekomendasi geoteknik perlu menggunakan lebih dari 1
tools bahkan lebih dari 1 metode sebagai komparasi dan
verifikasi

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Prof. Z.T. Richard Bieniawski, 1936-2017