Ovarian Cyst 4.

Maternal gonadotropins
5. Cigarette Smoking
 a sac filled with fluid or a semisolid material that forms on or
6. Tubal Ligation
within one of the ovaries. Complications
 Most ovarian cysts occur as part of the normal workings of the  Ovarian torsion: all ovarian cysts have the potential to twist on
ovaries. These cysts are generally harmless and disappear their axes or "torse," occluding vascular supply. Larger cysts
without treatment in a few months (over 6 cm) are more likely to torse. Ovarian torsion is a surgical
 Cysts caused by abnormal cell growth and aren’t related to the emergency as the ovary must be promptly untwisted to restore
menstrual cycle. They can develop before and after menopause perfusion and preserve ovarian tissue. Ultrasound with Doppler
Ovaries can identify lack of blood flow to the ovary.
 small organs in the pelvis that make female hormones and hold  Cyst rupture: all cyst types can potentially rupture, spilling fluid
egg cells. into the pelvis, which is often painful. If the contents are from a
Types of Cysts dermoid or abscess, surgical lavage may be indicated.
Functional Cysts Hemorrhagic Cysts  Hemorrhage: In the case of hemorrhagic cysts, the management
 Cysts that develop as part of  The granulosa layer of the of hemorrhage depends on the hemodynamic stability of the
the menstrual cycle and are ovary remains avascular until
usually harmless and the time of ovulation. After patient, but is most often expectantly managed.
short-lived ovulation occurs, the granulosa
Diagnosis and Tests
 Most common type of Ovarian layer quickly becomes
cyst;usually asymptomatic vascularized by thin-walled  A pelvic exam: During this exam, the doctor uses an instrument
 generally shrink over time, vessels, which rupture easily,
usually within 60 days, without giving rise to a hemorrhagic to widen the vagina, which allows the doctor to examine the
specific treatment. cyst
Follicular Cyst  internal hemorrhage occurs into vagina, cervix and uterus. The doctor also feels the reproductive
 results when the follicle does functional cysts of the ovary organs for any lumps or changes.
not release an egg
 fluid in the follicle remains and  Blood tests: These tests are used to measure the levels of
forms a cyst
 usually harmless and go away certain hormones in the blood.
on their own in time.
 Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to create images of the
Corpus Luteum Cyst
 develops when a follicle seals body's internal organs. It can be used to detect cysts on the
after releasing an egg.
 Fluid builds up in the follicle and ovaries.
forms a cyst
 can grow quite large and  Laparoscopy: This is a procedure, performed in an operating
become several inches in size room, in which the doctor inserts a small device through an
 It may rupture and bleed
 The fertility drug clomiphene incision (cut) in the abdomen. He or she views the reproductive
citrate increases the risk of
developing a corpus luteum organs and pelvic cavity using the device. If a cyst is diagnosed
cyst.
at this time, it can be removed.
 A corpus luteum cyst does not
harm or threaten a pregnancy.  Medical history and physical findings: large cysts may be
palpable on abdominal examination.
Dermoid Cysts Endometriomas
 Mature Cystic Teratomas  a type of cyst that is filled with
 Pregnancy Test: a positive result may suggest the patient has a
 a saclike growth that is present menstrual blood and Corpus Luteum Cyst
at birth. endometrial tissue.
 contain mature tissue of  arise either via retrograde Medical Treatment
ectodermal (eg, skin, hair), menstruation from the uterus or
mesodermal (eg, muscle, bleeding from an endometriotic  Functional ovarian cysts generally go away without treatment.
urinary), and endodermal (eg, implant itself.  Watchful waiting (observation): An Ultrasound scan will be
gastrointestinal, lung) origin
 are almost always benign but carried out about a month or so later to check it, and to see
have the potential to rupture,
spilling sebum, or torse whether it has gone
 Birth Control Pills: to reduce the risk of new cysts developing in
Signs and Symptoms future menstrual cycles, doctor may recommend this. Oral
An ovarian cyst may or may not produce symptoms. Larger cysts may contraceptives also reduce the risk of developing ovarian cancer
cause the following symptoms:  Analgesic (Pain Relievers): such as nonsteroidal
1. Pelvic pain or a dull ache in your back. anti-inflammatory drugs, opiod analgesic
2. A feeling of fullness (bloating) in your lower belly.
3. Pain during intercourse.  Surgical treatment:
4. Painful periods. Laparoscopy: This is a procedure in which the doctor inserts
5. Breast tenderness
6. Nausea and vomiting a small device through a small incision in the abdomen. He or
 Some prolonged symptoms may be associated with a condition she views the reproductive organs and pelvic cavity using the
called polycystic ovary syndrome. device. The doctor can remove the cyst through tiny incisions.
When a cyst ruptures from the ovary, there may be: Laparotomy: This procedure uses a bigger incision to remove
1. Severe or sharp pelvic pain in lower abdomen in one side the cyst. The cyst will be tested for cancer. If it is cancer, the
2. Fever
3. Faintness or dizziness doctor may need to remove one or both ovaries, the uterus, a
4. Rapid breathing fold of fatty tissue called the omentum and some lymph nodes.
Risk Factors
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures found
1. Infertility Treatment
2. Pregnancy throughout the body that produce and store infection-fighting
3. Hypothyroidism cells, but may contain cancer cells.