Science Technology and Society: Gordon College

Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND SCIENCES
Olongapo City Sports Complex, Donor St., East Tapinac, Olongapo City 2200
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
www.gordoncollege.edu.ph
Science Technology and Society
EXCLUSIVE for GORDON COLLEGE

Science Technology and Society 1ST Sem. 2020-2021
2020-2021
NOT FOR SALE EXCLUSIVE for GORDON COLLEGE ONLY
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
College of Education Arts and Sciences

Program: Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Associate in Computer Technology
Course Code: GEC_07

Course Title: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Course Description:
The course deals with interactions between science and technology and social, cultural,
political, and economic contexts that shape and are shaped by them. (CMO No. 20, series of 2013).
This interdisciplinary course engages students to confront the realities brought about by
science and technology in society. Such realities pervade the personal, the public, and the global
aspects of our living and are integral to human development. Scientific knowledge and
technological development happen in the context of society with all its socio-political, cultural,
economic, and philosophical underpinnings at play. This course seeks to instill reflective
knowledge in the students that they are able to live the good life and display ethical decision
making in the face of scientific and technological advancement.
This course includes mandatory topics on climate change and environmental awareness.
Course Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
Knowledge
1. Articulate the impacts of science and technology on society, specifically Philippine society.
2. Explain how science and technology affect society and the environment and its role in nation-
building.
3. Analyze the human condition in order to deeply reflect and express philosophical
ramifications that are meaningful to the student as a part of society.
4. Define and demonstrate the impact of social media on the students’ life and Philippine society
in general.
Values
1. Imbibe the importance of science and technology in the preservation of the environment and
the development of the Filipino nation
2. Critique human flourishing vis-à-vis the progress of science and technology such that the
student may be able to define for himself/herself the meaning of the good life.
Science Technology and Society 2nd Sem. 2020-2021 NOT FOR SALE EXCLUSIVE for GORDON COLLEGE ONLY
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
3. Foster the value of a healthy lifestyle toward the holistic and sustainable development of
society and the environment.
Skills
1. Creatively present the importance and contributions of science and technology to society.
2. Examine shared concerns that make up the good life in order to come up with innovative and
creative solutions to contemporary issues guided by ethical standards.
3. Illustrate how the social media and information age impact their lives and their understanding
of climate change.
Grading Rubric:
Midterm Term Final Term Final Grade

Midterm Exam 30% Final Exam 30% Midterm Grade 50%
Performance Tasks 30% Performance Tasks 30% Final Term Grade 50%
Quizzes 30% Quizzes 30% 100%
Character/Attendance 10% Character/Attendance 10%
Midterm Grade 100% Final Term Grade 100%
City of Olongapo
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
GORDON
Olongapo City COLLEGE
Sports Complex, Donor St., East Tapinac, Olongapo City 2200
COLLEGE Telefax
OF EDUCATION, ARTS
No.: (047) 602-7175 locAND
322 SCIENCES
Olongapo City Sports Complex,
Donor St., East Tapinac, Olongapo City 2200
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Learning Module
Teaching and Learning Materials

Learning Objectives
Topics and Key Concepts and Resources Learning Tasks
Module 1: General Concepts and Historical Development
Schedule: Week 2 to 3
1. Discuss the interactions Introduction of Science Technology and • Graded Recitation
between S&T and society Society • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
throughout history. Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
Role of Science and Technology
• Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
2. Discuss how scientific and
• Soft/Hard Copy of Module • Forum Discussion
technological developments Historical antecedents in which social • Performance Task
affect society and the considerations changed the course of • Paper and Pen
environment. science and technology • Video: Stephen Colbert’s
interview with Neil Tyson
In the Philippines; http://www.youtube.com/watchv=YX
• Pre-Spanish h9RQCvxmg&noredirect=1
• Spanish Colonial Era
• American Period and
Commonwealth Era
• Post Commonwealth
• Fifth Republic
Science Technology and Society 1ST Sem. 2020-2021 NOT FOR SALE EXCLUSIVE for GORDON COLLEGE ONLY
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
CityCOLLEGE
of OlongapoOF EDUCATION, ARTS AND SCIENCES
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Module 2: Intellectual Revolution that defined Society
Schedule: Week 4
1. Articulate ways by which Intellectual revolutions that defined • Graded Recitation
society is transformed by society • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
science and technology. Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
a. Copernican • Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
b. Darwinian • Soft/Hard Copy of Module • Forum Discussion
c. Freudian • Paper and Pen • Performance Task
d. Information
e. MesoAmerican
f. Asian
g. Middle East
h. African
Module 3: Science and Technology and Nation Building
1. Discuss the role of Science and Science and Technology and Nation • Graded Recitation
Technology in Philippine Building • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
nation building. Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
a. The Philippine Government S&T • Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
2. Evaluate government policies Agenda • Soft/Hard Copy of Module • Forum Discussion
pertaining to science and b. Major development programs • Paper and Pen • Performance Task
technology in terms of their and personalities in S&T in the
contributions to nation Philippines
building. c. Science Education in the
Philippines
City of Olongapo
Republic of the
GORDON Philippines
COLLEGE
CityCOLLEGE
GORDON
Olongapo CityCOLLEGE
Sports Complex, Donor St., East Tapinac, Olongapo City 2200
COLLEGE OF Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175
EDUCATION, ARTSlocAND322 SCIENCES
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
3. Identify actual science and d. Selected indigenous science and

technology policies of the technologies
government and appraise their
impact on the development of
the Filipino nation.
Module 4: The Human Person Flourishing in terms of Science and Technology
1. Analyze the human condition The Human Person flourishing in terms of • Graded Recitation
in order to deeply reflect and science and technology • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
express philosophical Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
ramifications that are Technology as a Way of Revealing • Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
meaningful to the student as a • Soft/Hard Copy of Module • Forum Discussion
part of society. Human flourishing • Paper and Pen • Performance Task
2. Critique human flourishing vis-

àvis the progress of science • Midterm
and technology so that the Examination
student can define for
himself/herself the meaning of
the good life.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Schedule: Week 9
Module 5: The Good Life
Schedule: Week 10
Republic
Cityofofthe Philippines
Olongapo
City of Olongapo GORDON COLLEGE
GORDON COLLEGE
COLLEGE
Olongapo OFComplex,
City Sports EDUCATION,
Donor St.,ARTS AND SCIENCES
East Tapinac, Olongapo City 2200
Olongapo City Sports Telefax
Complex, Donor
No.: (047)St., East Tapinac,
602-7175 loc 322Olongapo City 2200
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
1. Examine shared concerns that The Good Life • Graded Recitation

make up the good life in order to • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
come up with innovative, creative Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
solutions to contemporary issues • Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
guided by ethical standards. • Soft/Hard Copy of Module • Forum Discussion
• Paper and Pen • Performance Task
Module 6: When Technology and Humanity Cross
1. Examine human rights in order When technology and humanity cross • Graded Recitation
to uphold such rights in • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
technological ethical Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
dilemmas. • Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
Module 7: Why the Future Does Not Need Us?
Schedule: Week 13
1. Evaluate contemporary human Why does the future not need us? • Graded Recitation
experience in order to • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
strengthen and enlighten the Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
human person functioning in • Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
society. • Soft/Hard Copy of Module • Forum Discussion
City of Olongapo
Republic of the
GORDON Philippines
COLLEGE
CityCOLLEGE
GORDON COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175
EDUCATION, ARTSloc 322 SCIENCES
AND
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
Module 8: Biodiversity and the Healthy Society
Schedule: Week 13 TO 14
1. Determine the Biodiversity and the Healthy Society • Graded Recitation
interrelatedness of society, • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
environment, and health. Genetically Modified Organisms: Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
Science, Health, and Politics • Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
2. Discuss the ethics and • Soft/Hard Copy of Module • Forum Discussion
implications of GMOs and • Paper and Pen • Performance Task
potential future impacts.
Module 9: The Information Age
Schedule: Week 15
1. Link learned concepts to the The information Age • Graded Recitation
development of the (Gutenberg to Social media) • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
information age and its impact Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
on society. • Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
2. Illustrate how the social media • Paper and Pen • Performance Task
and the information age have
impacted our lives.
Module 10: The Nano World
Schedule: Week 16
1. Discuss the major impacts Nano World • Graded Recitation
(both potential and realized} of • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
nanotechnology on society. Gordon College Domain)
City of Olongapo
City of Olongapo GORDON COLLEGE
GORDON COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION,
Telefax ARTSlocAND
No.: (047) 602-7175 322 SCIENCES
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
• Zoom App/Google Meet • Individual/Group

2. Analyze the issue through the • Soft/Hard Copy of Module Presentation
conceptual STS lenses. • Paper and Pen • Forum Discussion
• Performance Task
3. Critique the issue on its costs
and benefits to society.
Module 11: Gene Therapy and Climate Change, Energy Crisis
and Environmental Awareness
1. Describe gene therapy and its Gene therapy (stem Cells) • Graded Recitation
various forms. • Schoology Account (Using • Quiz
Mandated Topics: Gordon College Domain) • Individual/Group
2. Assess the issue’s potential • Zoom App/Google Meet Presentation
benefits and detriments to 1. Climate Change and the Energy • Soft/Hard Copy of Module • Forum Discussion
global health. Crisis. • Paper and Pen • Performance Task
2. Environmental Awareness
3. Identify the causes of climate
change.
Other Topics: • Final Term
4. Assess the various impacts of Examination
climate change including Alternative Energy Resources (O-tech
economic, geopolitical, Ocean, Thermal Energy Conservation)
biological, meteorological, etc.
FINAL EXAMINATION
Schedule: Week 19
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DETAILED LEARNING MODULE
Title: Introduction: Science and Technology

Module No. 1
I. Introduction
Science governs every phenomenon that we encounter in our daily living. Mysteries and
discoveries in our physical and natural world can only be explained by science and not by
superstitions. Science greatly affects human as it is aimed at the betterment of human race.
Through this, technology as a product of science has come to light. Everything we use to do
something is technology.
In this module, the definition and understanding about science and technology will be deepen up.
II. Learning Objectives
After studying this module, you should be able to:
• Describe science and technology;
• Display the understanding of science and technology using a collage.
III. Topics and Key Concepts
GALLERY WALK
Instruction: With your schema on word “Science” and “Technology”, write as many words as
you can in the gallery walk below which are related to the two terminologies.
Note: Remember that it must be based on your background knowledge. Do NOT read the next
section.
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
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K-W-L CHART
Instruction: This Activity will allow you to track organize information before, during, and after
a unit or a lesson. K-W-L means Know-Want-Learned. Before proceeding to the next section of
this module, fill out the K-W part.
Note: Remember to do L-part after the module on Science and Technology.
K W L
What I already What I want What I learned
know about to know about from the topic
the topic the topic
WHAT IS SCIENCE?
Science has many definition. Some may think that it is very easy to define but it is not. Science
affects our daily living. Thus, science is accessible to everyone. According to Oxford Reference,
Science covers the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural
world through observation and experiment. On the other hand, Merriam-Webster Dictionary
defines science as knowledge which involve general truths and general laws that is taken from a
systematic study which is concerned with evidences and theories.
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To sum the two definitions mentioned above, science is a systematize body of knowledge derived
from observation, study, experimentation that deals with facts. For us to classify something as
science, we must look into four characteristics: Focuses on the Natural World, Goes through
Experiments, Relies on Evidence, and Passes through Scientific Community.
1. Focuses on the Natural World

For something to be classify or categorize as science, this must focus on the natural world.
The main concern of science is the physical world and not the supernatural world. Supernatural
world cannot be testes and is not governed by the laws and truths of the natural world that is why
it is not concerned by science. Science deals with physical thing such as animals, plants, man and
all other kinds of matter. It also deals with natural phenomenon such as typhoon, earthquake,
volcanic eruption, etc. (Understanding Science, n.d.)
2. Goes through Experiment
As the definition of science suggests, something must undergo experiment for it to be
categorize as science. Science subjects any matter of study into experimentation. Something must
be tested and should arrive at a number of consistent observation and results so it could be taken
as true. Anything that cannot be subjected to experimentation and could not give any observable
data that are consistent cannot be regarded as science. (Understanding Science, n.d.)
3. Relies on Evidence
Science requires thorough observation and consistent result from experimentation.
Evidences are also required to support the truthfulness of a proposition or something. For
something to be regarded as science, it should be tested not only by one group as it could be taken
as a bias. Evidences that are relevant to the matter being studies are what scientist are looking for
to confirm something to be of science. (Understanding Science, n.d.)
4. Passes Through the Scientific Community
Science requires consistent results and evidences for not be biased. It has to go through
different groups or people who would qualify the idea. In finding different evidences, a scientist
will check it through different angles concerning the matter being studied. It would therefore work
with people of different expertise. (Understanding Science, n.d.)
Since science aims to explain and understand the physical and natural world, the way on how
things works and understood also changes. Scientific experimentations and studies may change
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over a course of time as technology and ways to do it also improves. As science progresses in the
natural world, more discoveries and mysteries are being unfold. Thus, this discoveries must be
qualified through Science. Mysteries that are unfold and unsolved will then be solve through
science. As this is solved by any proposition, this must passed through scientific community before
it is deemed to be an answer to that mystery or discovery.
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Technology is defined as the application of scientific

knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and
manipulation of the human environment. Etymologically defined, the word technology comes
from two Greek words, techne and logos. Techne means art, skill, craft, or the way, manner, or
means by which a thing is gained. Logos means word, the utterance by which inward thought is
expressed, a saying, or an expression. So, literally, technology means words or discourse about the
way things are gained. Technology is defined on three ways according to W. Brian Arthur (2009).
First, it is a means to fulfil a human purpose. Second, it’s an assemblage of practices and
components. And lastly, it is a collection of devices and engineering practices available to culture.
With these three definitions, technology is anything that we use to do something and is available
in our culture and environment.
For example, can we categorize a spoon as technology?
Yes, we can categorize it as that. Why?
Spoon can fulfil a human purpose wherein it is used as a tool for eating.
Second, it is an assemblage of practice. How?
Before the invention of spoon, we use our hands to eat. Therefore, the “practice” refers to the
means, way or manner on how to eat using spoon as a tool.
Lastly, this a device available to our culture. We have adapted to use spoon as a tool for eating.
But in other culture, they use chopsticks like China, South Korea, Taiwan, etc. because that’s the
available device suited in their culture.
IV. Teaching and Learning Materials and Resources

Activity sheet or module, pen and other references
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V. Learning Task
ACTIVITY 1: Sci&Tech Quotes to reflect

Instruction: From the learnings you’ve gained in the module regarding science and technology,
choose one quotation regarding science and one for technology. Paste or Write the quotation at the
given space below. Then, explain it based on what you’ve learned from the module (Use separate
sheet for this). This may reflect how much you learn in the module.
Science Quotation:
Technology Quotation:
ACTIVITY 2: COLLAGE MAKING

Instruction:.Make a digital collage using pictures from internet source then paste it below. GIVE A TITLE
FOR IT and EXPLAIN THE COLLAGE IN 5-10 SENTENCES.
(PLEASE USE SEPARATE SHEET FOR THE COLLAGE.
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References
Arthur, B.W. (2009). The nature of technology: What it is and how it evolves. New York: Simon
and Schuster
Oxford Reference. Science and Technology. Retrieved from:
https://www.oxfordreference.com/page/scienceandtech/science-and-
technology#:~:text=to%20More%20More-
,Science%20and%20Technology,scientific%20knowledge%20for%20practical%20purposes.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/science#:~:text=1%20%3A%20knowledge%20about%20the%20natural,
studied%20the%20science%20of%20linguistics
Understanding Science (n.d.) A science Checklist. Retrieved from
https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/whatisscience_03
Encyclopedia Britannica (2020). Technology. Retrieved from:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/technology
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Title: General Concepts and Historical Development

Module No. 2
What do you expect to learn in this module?

_________________________________________________________________
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VI. Introduction
In the last decade or so, the field of science and technology studies (STS) has emerge as an
intellectually dynamic interdisciplinary arena. Concepts, methods, and theoretical views are being
drawn from long-established disciplines, such as history, geography, sociology, communications,
anthropology, and political science, and from distinctly young fields such as crucial race studies
and women’s and gender studies. From its origins in philosophical and political debates about the
advent and use of scientific knowledge, STS has become a huge and deep area for consideration
of the place of science and technology in the world, past and present. STS is a discipline that
characterized through active debates centered on foundational ideas and by work shaped by
engagement with modern and past techno-scientific issue
VII. Learning Objectives

1. Identify the importance of studying science technology and society;

2. Develop deeper interest in the field of science technology and society;
3. Explain the historical timeline of science and technology in the Philippines;
4. Analyze the development of science and technology in the Philippines; and
5. Synthesize and create their own understanding on the different periods the history of
science and technology in the Philippines.
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VIII. Topics and Key Concepts

Introduction to Science Technology and Society
Science concerted human effort to recognize the history of the natural world works, with observable
physical proof as the foundation of that understanding, based on facts learned through experiments
and observation. While technology is the science or knowledge put into realistic use to resolve or
invent beneficial tools. How is science used in technology? Science is the pursuit of information about
the natural world through systematic observation and experiments. Through science, we enhance new
technologies
The Role of Science and Technology
1. Alter the way human beings live, connect, communicate and transact with
profound outcomes on economic development.
2. Key drivers to development, because technological and scientific revolutions
underpin economic advances, enhancements in health systems, education and
infrastructure.
3. Technological revolutions of the 21st century are rising from completely new
sectors, primarily based on micro-processors, tele-communication, bio-
technology and nano-technology.
4. Have the strength to better the lives of poor human beings in developing
countries.
5. Differentiators between nations that are capable to handle poverty effectively by
means of developing their economies, and those that are not.
6. Engine growth
7. Interventions from cognitive enhancement, proton cancer therapy and genetic
engineering
What does science technology and society mean? It is to discover out about of how society,
politics and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these affect
society, politics and culture. STS is a distinctly recent discipline, originating in the 60’s and 70’s,
following Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). It additionally make the
assumption that science and technology are actually interwined and that they are every
profoundly social and profoundly political.
What is the relationship between science and society? The impact of science and technology
on society is evident, then again society additionally influences science. There are social influences
on the course and emphasis of scientific and technological development, through strain groups on
specific problems and through typically accepted social views, values and priorities.
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Historical antecedents in which social considerations changed the course of science and
technology
If we lived on a planet where nothing ever changed, there would be little to do. There would
be nothing to figure out. There would be no impetus for science. And if we lived in an
unpredictable world, where things change in random or very complex ways, we would not be
able to figure things out. But we live in an in-between universe where things change but
according to patterns, rules, or as we call them, laws of nature. If I throw a stick up into the air,
it always falls down. If the sun sets in the west, it always rises again the next morning in the east.
And so it becomes possible to figure things out. We can do science, and with it we can improve
our lives.” (Carl Edward Sagan). From the beginning of time, man has tried to enhance his way
and quality of life. The caveman discovered how to make and used tools, developed a logical
sequence of activities, and developed techniques that added value to his life. The totality of the
use and the application of his knowledge, skills, tools, and materials, represent what we nowadays
describe as “technology”.
Science and technology in the Philippines had experienced periods of excessive growth as well
as long periods of stagnation. The main managing organization accountable for science and
technology is the Department of Science and Technology. Numerous national scientist have
contributed in distinct fields of science including:
Fe Del Mundo in the field of Pediatrics

Eduardo Quisumbing in the field of Plant taxonomy
Gavino Cajulao Trono Jr. in the field of tropical marine Phycology
Maria Ylagan Orosa in the field of Food technology, and many more
Pre-Spanish Era
Even before the colonization with the aid of the Spaniards in the Philippine islands, the
natives of the archipelago already had practices linked to science and technology. Filipinos had
been already conscious of the medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants and the techniques
of extracting medicine from herbs. They already had the following: alphabet, number system, a
weighing and measuring system, and a calendar.
Filipinos were already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving. The Banaue
Rice Terraces are among the state-of-the-art products of engineering by pre-Spanish era Filipinos.
They also built a sophisticated plank-built warship known as caracoa that properly ideal for inter-
island trade.
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Spanish Colonial Era

The colonization of the Philippines contributed to growth of science and technology in
the archipelago. The Spanish brought formal education and established scientific institution.
During the early years of Spanish rule in the Philippines. Parish school had been mounted where
they taught religion, reading writing, arithmetic and music. Later on, Spanish established colleges
and universities in the archipelago such as the oldest existing university in Asia, the University of
Santo Tomas.
The Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine colonial economy. It was given more
center of attention by means of the Spaniard colonial authorities due to the possibilities of huge
profits. Agriculture and industrial improvement on the other hand were neglected. The opening
of the Suez Canal saw the influx of European visitors to the Spanish colony and some. Filipinos
have been able to study in European who had been probable influenced with the aid of the rapid
improvement of scientific thoughts brought through the Age of Enlightenment
American Period and Post Commonwealth Era

The progress of science and technology in the Philippines continued under American rule
of the islands. On July 1, 1901, the Philippine Commission established the Bureau of Government
Laboratories which used to be placed under the Department of Interior. The Bureau replaced the
Laboratorio Municipal, which used to be established under the Spanish colonial era. The Bureau
dealt with the study of tropical diseases and laboratory projects. While on October 26, 1905, the
Bureau of Government Laboratories used to be changed with the aid of the Bureau of Science
that became the main research center of the country and on December 8, 1933, the National
Research Council of the Philippines was established.
Science during the American period was inclined toward agriculture, food processing,
forestry, medicinal drug and pharmacy. Not much focus was given on the development of
industrial technology due to free trade policy with the United States which nurtured an economy
geared in the direction of agriculture and trade.
In 1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced through the Institute of Science. In a report
through the US Economic Survey to the Philippines in 1950, there is a lack of primary information
which were necessities to the country's industries, lack of support of experimental work and
minimal finances for scientific research and low salaries of scientists employed via the
government. In 1958, during the regime of President Carlos P. Garcia, the Philippine Congress
exceeded the Science Act of 1958 which established the National Science Development.
Post Commonwealth Era

During Ferdinand Marcos’ presidency, the significance given to science grew. In the
amended 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Section 9 (1), he declared that the
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“advancement of science and technology shall have priority in the national development.” In his
two terms of presidency and during Martial Law, he enacted many legal guidelines promoting
science and technology.
In his Second State of the Nation Address on January 23, 1967, he declared that science
used to be essential for the improvement programs, and thus, directed the Department of
Education to revitalize the science courses in public high schools. The Department of Education,
with the National Science Development Board (NSDB), is organizing a venture to provide chosen
high schools with science teaching equipment over a four-year period.
In his Third State of the Nation Address on January 22, 1968, he recognized that
technology used to be the main component in economic development, and channeled additional
funds to support projects in applied sciences and science education.
In his Fourth State of the Nation Address on January 27, 1969, he gave a huge phase of
the conflict damage fund to private universities to inspire them to create courses in science and
technology and to research. He mentioned that he planned a project to have medical interns do
a tour of responsibility in provincial hospitals to arouse their social conscious and limit the “brain
drain.” On April 6, 1968, he proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of the
Philippine Science Community. The government also performed seminars for public and private
high school and university science teachers, training programs and scholarships for graduate and
undergraduate science scholars, and workshops on fisheries and oceanography.
In his Fifth State of the Nation Address on January 26, 1970, he emphasized that the
upgrading of science curricula and teaching equipment is essential to the science development
program. He added the Philippine Coconut Research Institute to the NSDB to modernize the
coconut industry. The NSDB additionally established the Philippine Textile Research Institute. The
Philippine Atomic Energy Commission of the NSDB explored the uses of atomic energy for
economic development. Marcos assisted 107 establishments in undertaking nuclear energy work
by sending scientists to learn about nuclear science and technology abroad, and providing primary
training to 482 scientists, doctors, engineers, and technicians.
In his Seventh State of the Nation Address on January 24, 1972, he spoke about his main
development projects in reforming sectors of education. Such projects included research and
development schools, technical institutes, science education centers, and agricultural colleges
and vocational high schools.
In 1972, he created the National Grains Authority to supply for the improvement of the
rice and corn industry to completely harness it for the economic system of the country.
(Presidential Decree No. 4, s. 1972) He established the Philippine Council for Agricultural Research
to support the innovative improvement of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries for the nation. It
used to be connected to the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources for administrative
purposes. He provided further support for the promotion of scientific research and invention with
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Presidential Decree No. 49, s. 1972. This decree consists of important points on the safety of
intellectual property for the creator or publisher of the work. He established the Philippine
Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) under the
Department of National Defense to provide environmental protection and to utilize scientific
understanding to make sure the safety of the people. (Presidential Decree No. 78, s. 1972).
In 1973, he created the Philippine National Oil Company to promote industrial and
economic development through effective and environment friendly use of energy sources.
(Presidential Decree No. 334, s. 1973).
In 1976, he enacted a law under Presidential Decree No. 1003-A, s. 1976 to establish the
National Academy of Science and Technology, which is composed of scientists with “innovative
achievement in the primary and applied sciences,” to serve as a reservoir of scientific and
technological knowledge for the country.
In 1978, he created a Task Force on the formulation of a national action program on
science and technology to determine policies and programs of science and technology. (Executive
Order No. 512, s. 1978) In his Fourteenth State of the Nation Address on July 23, 1979, he stated
that the government invested funds and time in organizations for scientific research, such as the
NSDB, the Philippine Council for Agricultural Research and Resources, the Plant Breeding Institute,
the International Rice Research Institute, the Bureau of Plant Industry, and the Bureau of Forest
Products. While these initiatives have had breakthroughs, the market equipment did no longer
adapt and make investments in this technology due to the high-risk front-end costs.
In 1979, he constituted the Health Sciences Center created through R.A. No. 5163 as an
self-sufficient member within the University of the Philippines System to enhance the internal
organization and harmony of leadership within its units. (Executive Order No. 519, s. 1979).
In 1980, he created the National Committee on Geological Sciences to advocate
government and private entities on things regarding improvement in geological sciences.
(Executive Order No. 625, s. 1980).
In 1982, he reorganized the National Science Development Board and its organizations
into a National Science and Technology Authority to provide central direction and coordination of
scientific and technological research and development. (Executive Order No. 784, s. 1982) He
granted profits will increase to the people with teaching positions in the Philippine Science High
School due to their necessity in the development of national science. (Executive Order No. 810, s.
1982). He enacted a law on the completion of the National Agriculture and Life Sciences Research
Complex at the University of the Philippines at Los Baños. (Executive Order No. 840, s. 1982).
In 1986, he established the Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Philippine Science
High School to inspire careers in science and technology and to be more accessible to the
proficient students in the Mindanao and Visayas areas. (Executive Order No. 1090, s. 1986)
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Fifth Republic
In 1986, during Corazon Aquino’s presidency, the National Science and Technology
Authority was changed through the Department of Science and Technology, giving science and
technology a representation in the cabinet. Under the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan
for the years 1987-1992, science and technology’s role in economic recovery and sustained
economic growth used to be highlighted. During Corazon Aquino’s State of the Nation Address in
1990, she stated that science and technology development shall be one of the top three priorities
of the government towards an economic recovery.
On August 8, 1988, Corazon Aquino created the Presidential Task Force for Science and
Technology which came up with the first Science and Technology Master Plan or STMP. The aim
of STMP was for the Philippines to acquire newly industrialized country status by means of the
year 2000. The Congress did no longer put a good deal priority in dealing with bills related to
science and technology. The Senate Committee on Science and Technology used to be one of the
committees that handles the least amount of bills for deliberation.
Former DOST Secretary Ceferin Follosco mentioned that the finances allocation for
science and technology was improved to 1.054 billion pesos in 1989 from the preceding year’s
464 million pesos. However, due to the Asian economic crisis, finances allocation for the years
1990 and 1991 had been trimmed down to 920 and 854 million pesos respectively. Budget
allocation have been increased to 1.7 billion pesos in 1992.
During her term, President Corazon Aquino prompted scientists and inventors to bring
the Philippines to its former position as second to only Japan in the field of science and
technology. One of the desires of her administration was to attain the reputation as being an
industrialized country by 2000. She advised that the non-public research sector form a stronger
bond between public research to assist jump-start the development in the area of Philippine
Research and Development.
Ironically, it was during President Corazon Aquino’s term and the reorganization of
Philippine bureaucracy that Executive Order No.128 abolished R.A. No. 3859, additionally
acknowledged as the “Philippine Inventors Incentive Act.” This Philippine Inventors Commission
was under the Science Development board. It gave assistance to Filipino inventors through giving
financial aid, patent application assistance, legal assistance, and to help inventors market their
products domestically and abroad. Despite the abolishment of the Philippine Inventors
Commission, her administration gave rise to new avenues for the government to useful resource
the development of Science and Technology in the country.
R.A. 6655 or the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 opened doors to free
education up to the secondary level, implemented in the education system together with the
“Science for the Masses Program” which aimed at scientific and technological literacy among
Filipinos. The Aquino administration recognized the significance of science and technology in the
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improvement of the Philippines into a newly industrialized country. Funding for the science and
technology sector was tripled from 464 million in 1986 to 1.7 billion in 1992. The Science and
Technology Master Plan was formulated which aimed at the modernization of the production
sector, upgrading research activities, and improvement of infrastructure for science and
technological purposes. A Research and Development Plan was also formulated to observe and
decide which areas of research needed attention and have to be given priority. The standards for
identifying the program to be pursued were, development of local materials, probability of
success, potential of product in the export market, and the its strategic nature. The offers for the
research and development programs was once covered in the Omnibus Investment Law.
There were noticeable improvements concerning science and technology as mentioned
in President Fidel Ramos’ State of the Nation Address. In his 0.33 SONA, there was a significant
increase in personnel specializing in the science and technology field. At 1998, the Philippines was
estimated to have around 3,000 capable scientists and engineers. Adding to the increase of
scientists would be the result of the two newly constructed Philippine Science High Schools in
Visayas and Mindanao which promotes further improvement of young kids through improve S&T
curriculum. The government provided 3,500 scholarships for students who had been taking up
professions related to S&T. Schools were turning into greater modernized and updated with the
addition of high-tech equipment for student improvement and teachers were getting training
programs to gain themselves and their students. Health care services were promoted through
local programs such as “Doctors to the Barrio Program.” The health care programs have been
progressive and effective as proven through the change in life expectancy from 67.5 years in 1992
to 69.1 years in 1995.
Priority for S&T personnel increased when Magna Carta for Science and Technology
Personnel (Republic Act No. 8439) was established. The award was published in order to give
incentives and rewards for people who have been influential in the field of S&T. In the sixth SONA,
education was one of the main story-lines wherein programs such as National Program for Gifted
Filipino Children in Science and Technology and enactment of a law developing a nationwide
system of high schools specializing in the field of science and engineering.
Fidel V. Ramos believes that science and technology was one of the means wherein the
Philippines may want to gain the reputation of new industrialized country (NIC). During his term,
he was able to establish programs that were significant to the field of S&T. In 1993, Science and
Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) was established. Among its priorities
were: (1) exporting winners recognized by the DTI; (2) domestic needs recognized by the
President’s Council for Countryside Development; (3) support industries and (4) coconut industry
development. Congress, during his term, was capable to enact laws that have been considerable
for the field. Among were: (1) Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel (Republic Act
No. 8439); (2) Science and Technology Scholarship Law of 1994 (Republic Act No. 7687) and (3)
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Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act (Republic Act No. 7459). The Intellectual Property Code
of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293) was enacted during Ramos’ term. The law provides
industrial property rights, copyrights and related rights, and technology transfer arrangements.
In President Joseph Estrada’s term, two main legislations that he signed were Philippine
Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749) which was designed to protect and maintain the
environment and make sure the sustainable improvement of its natural resources, and Electronic
Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792) which outlaws computer hacking and offers
opportunities for new businesses rising from the Internet-driven New Economy. Aside from these,
in his first State of the Nation Address, President Estrada launched a full-scale program based on
cost effective irrigation technologies. He additionally introduced that Dole-outs are out, which
intended basic health care, basic nutrition, and beneficial education for those who want, however
can't have the funds for it. Lastly, he stated that they would speed up the program to establish
one science high school in every province. It was in his second State of the Nation Address that
President Estrada announced the passage of the Clean Air Act, and the decision to pursue the 15-
year modernization program of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. His final State of the Nation
Address pushed for the development of industries and colleges into the Internet age, as properly
as the announcement of the passage of the e-Commerce Act.
In the Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo administration, the science and technology sector of the
Philippines used to be dubbed as the “golden age” of science and technology by then secretary
Estrella Albastro. Numerous laws and initiatives that issues both the environment and science to
push technology as a tool to extend the country’s economic level. This is to help increase the
productivity from Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) and help gain the poor people.
Moreover, the term “Filipinnovation” was the coined term used in helping the Philippines to be
an innovation hub in Asia.
The STI was developed further by strengthening the schools and education system such
as the Philippine Science High School (PSHS), which focuses in science, technology and
mathematics in their curriculum. This helps schools produce get more involved in this sector.
Private sectors have been additionally encouraged to take part in developing the schools through
organizing events and sponsorships. Future Filipino scientists and innovators can be produced
through this system.
Helping the environment used to be one of the focal point in developing technology in
the Philippines. One of the more known laws to be exceeded by her administration was the R.A.
9367 or the “Biofuels” act. This act promotes the improvement and utilization of biofuels
throughout the country. This probably allows a more cost effective choice to gasoline as a medium
in producing energy. Also, this benefits the environment because it boasts a cleaner emission in
contrast to regular fuel. Yet, setbacks such as lack of raw substances is maintaining the full
implementation of the laws because importing the essential materials are imported more. On one
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hand, drought-free rice was also highly prompted to by used during her term. This allows farmers
to produce rice despite the environmental risks that slows or stops the production.
In an effort to enhance the effectivity of both land and water, the government imposes
Republic Act 10601 which improves the Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through Mechanization
(AFMech). RA 10601 covers research, development, and extension (RDE), promotion, distribution,
supply, assembling, manufacturing, regulation, use, operation, protection and project
implementation of agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment (Section 4).
In 2014, President Aquino conferred four new National Scientist for their contribution in
the Scientific field, Academicians Gavino C. Trono, Angel C. Alcala, Ramon C. Barba, and Edgardo
D. Gomez was honored in their respective fields.
IX. Teaching and Learning Materials and Resources

You will be needing the following in accomplishing this module.
• Schoology Account (Using Gordon College domain) for forum discussion and
other activities online.
• Zoom App/Google meet
• Soft/Hard Copy of Module
• Paper and Pen (to those offline)
• Video: Stephen Colbert’s interview with Neil Tyson
http://www.youtube.com/watchv=YXh9RQCvxmg&noredirect=1
X. Learning Task
Are we good? If yes, you may now answer the

given activities below. If no, please read the
module again from the start and you can ask
me too for other concerns. Do it “NOW”.
Sometimes “LATER” becomes “NEVER”.
NAME: ____________________________________________________________
COURSE&BLOCK: _________________________________________________
DATE: _____________________________________________________________
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Direction: Your answer should be as well organized as carefully written as you make
it.
https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/30/21199401/london-health-
workers-ebike-free-loan-public-transport-coronavirus
1. Based on the image above, define the science technology and society.
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2. Among the President of the Philippines, who do you think gave the biggest
importance on Science and Technology during their term and why?
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3. Assume that you are a law maker. What law will you make for science and
technology and why?
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__________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________
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“I would prefer even to fail with honor than to win by cheating”
- Sophocles
Direction: Multiple choice. Encircle the best answer. Any type of erasures means
wrong.
1. What is Science concerned with?

a. General truths
b. General laws
c. Evidences and theories
d. All of the above
2. He contributed in distinct field of tropical marine phycology.
a. Eduardo Quisumbing
b. Gavino Cajulao Trono Jr
c. Fe Del Mundo
d. Maria Ylagan Orosa
3. State of the art products of engineering in Pre-Spanish.
a. Fort Santiago
b. Corregidor Island
c. Banaue Rice Terraces
d. All of the above
4. Bureau of government laboratories used to be placed under Department of
Interior established by Philippine Commission on?
a. October 26, 1905
b. July 01, 1901
c. December 08, 1933
d. July 01, 1902
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5. Institute of Science replaced into Bureau of Science in?

a. 1947 c. 1946
b. 1950 d. 1958
6. National Science Development established by Philippine congress as Science
Act under regimen of?
a. Ferdinand Marcos
b. Carlos P. Garcia
c. Diosdado Macapagal
d. Manuel Roxas
7. A total land area of the Philippine Science Community in Bicutan, Taguig and
Rizal.
a. 40 hectares c. 27 hectares
b. 30 hectares d. 35 hectares
8. He amended the constitution to give importance to the advancement of science
and technology.
a. Cory Aquino
b. Fidel Ramos
c. Ferdinand Marcos
d. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
9. Which statement tells of the relationship between science, technology and
society?
a. Science feeds on technology which supports the society.
b. Science feeds technology which supports the society.
c. Both A and B is incorrect.
d. Both A and B is correct
10. What is the primary research center of the country in 1905?
a. National Research Council of the Philippines
b. National Science Development Board
c. Institute of Science
d. Bureau of Science
XI. References
Bautista, D. H., et.al. (2019). Science Technology and Society. Mutya Publishing House Inc.
ISBN 978-971-821-890-7
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Caoili, Olivia C. (2010). History of science and technology in the Philippines. Retrived from
https://www.scribd.com/doc/36969608/4-7-B-History-of -Science-and
Technology-in-the-Philippines
Kleinman, D. L and Moore, K. (2014). Routledge Handbook of Science, Technology and Society.
New York, Routledge. FiSH Books Ltd. Page 1. ISBN 978-0-415-53152-8
https://www.memijecruz/historical-antecedents-of-science-and-technology-
152541982
XII. Rubrics
Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

Features
(5) (3) (2) (1)
No new
Very informative Somewhat Gives some new
Quality of information and
and well informative and information but
Writing very poorly
organized organized poorly organized
organized
1 to 2 3 to 4 5 and more
No grammatical,
grammatical, grammatical, grammatical,
Grammar and spelling and
spelling and spelling and spelling and
Usage punctuation
punctuation punctuation punctuation
errors
errors errors errors
Posted Posted Posted

Posted completed
completed completed completed
learning task
Deadline learning task on learning task learning task
within 24hrs after
or before the after 24 hrs past 45 hrs and more
the deadline
deadline deadline past deadline
Amazing, Job well done!

You may now proceed to module 3. Ooppps make sure
you already submit your activities from module 2.
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Title: Intellectual Revolution that defined Society

Module No. 3
What is intellectual revolution?

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I. Introduction
The term "Intellectual Revolution" is used to refer to Greek speculation about the
"nature" in the period before Socrates (roughly 600 to 400 BCE).
Currently people’ activities are basically around the acquisition of various material
needs, life itself is constituted by what it devote to, the most time of people is used to fulfill
material and outer requirement, so each life now is essentially a material life, rarely related
to spiritual and intelligent life level. This time science and technology revolution has
brought intellectual revolution to human beings, these material life and activities could be
replaced by intelligent, so human life will be liberated from material creating activities,
human labor is becoming not an essential factor to large production, and furthermore rise
to lead on top of these.

1. Articulate ways by which society is transformed by science and

technology;
2. Trace the history of science and technology in different eras
and civilization; and
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3. Enumerate scientific and technological advancement made by people and some

civilizations of the seventeenth century.
The Age of Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Reason) was an intellectual
and philosophical movement. Historians place the Enlightenment in Europe during the late
17th and the 18th centuries when many writers and thinkers commenced to question
established beliefs. These beliefs consist of the authority of kings or of the Church, in
favour of reason and scientific proof. The concept developed that all of us was of equal
value and had equal rights.
Copernican Revolution
Thomas Kuhn published a book entitled “The Copernican Revolution” in 1957 in which
he uses the Copernicus case study to establish an idea of scientific development through a
series of paradigm shifts. The chemical element Copernicium (Cn: atomic number 112)
was named in honor of Copernicus in 2010. Nicholas Copernicus was an interesting
renaissance man who overcame the existing paradigm placing earth in the center of the
solar system to the new paradigm of heliocentric view that earth and the planets revolved
around the sun. Including the revolution of the celestial bodies (as in Copernicus’ title: De
Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium) and, more metaphorically, the wheel of fortune,
‘revolution’ was eventually transferred to the political realm.
In the table below show the remarkable contributions of ancient astronomers to the
development of the universe.
Aristotle ( 384-322 B.C., Greek) Proved that the earth is spherical.

Earth was at the center of the universe, i.e., sun, planets and
stars had been located in sphere that revolved around the earth.
Aristarchus (310-230 B.C., Greek) The first to propose the idea that the Sun was the center of the
universe.
Hipparchus (190-120 B.C., Greek) Considered to be the greatest astronomer of ancient times.
Measured earth’s distance to the moon.
Discovered the wobbling of the earth.
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Claudius Ptolemy (85- 165 A.D., Greek) Used Hipparchus observations to develop the Ptolemic System
which describes the earth as the center of the universe with sun,
moon, planets and stars revolving around it in a circular orbit
Nicholas Copernicus (1473 – 1543, Concluded that the sun and not the earth is the center of the
Polish) universe.
Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642, Italian) Supported Copernican model of the universe
Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630, German) Formulated the Three law of Planetary Motion
(Adopted from Bautista, D.H.S. (2019). Science Technology and Society. Mutya Publishing House Inc. Page 36-38. ISBN 978-971-821-890-7)
Darwinian Revolution
The Darwinian revolution is typically taken to be one of the key events in the
history of Western science. In recent years, however, the very notion of a scientific
revolution has come under attack, and in the particular case of Charles Darwin and his
Origin of Species there are serious questions about the nature of the change (if there was
such) and the mainly Darwinian input. (Ruse, M. 1979)
Was there a Darwinian Revolution? There usually have been and there always will
be human beings who assume that not only was Alfred Russel Wallace, the co-discoverer
of natural selection, unappreciated however that Charles Darwin pinched all of the
excellent ideas from the younger evolutionist.
Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism of descent with
modification. In Origin of Species, Darwin developed a logical argument for the
mechanism of natural selection based on two observations and inferences: (1) individuals
in a species vary to some degree in traits; and (2) a species produces more offspring than
actually survives to mature and reproduce.
Four key point of Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Variation in Populations. In each and every species there is variation. This variability
happens even between related individuals. Some populations show more variation than
others, specifically in geographically isolated areas such as Australia, the Galapagos,
Madagascar and so forth. Organisms in these areas can also be related to those in
different parts of the world. However, due to very precise conditions in their
surroundings, these species evolve very distinct characteristics.
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Inherited Traits. Each species has traits determined by way of inheritance. Inherited traits
exceeded from parents to offspring determine the traits of the offspring. Inherited traits
that enhance the odds of survival are more possibly to be passed on to subsequent
generations. Only traits passed by genes will be inherited. For example, if an organism
inherits the genes for a larger skeletal mass however lack of nutrition prevents the
individual from developing to that size, and if the individual survives and reproduces, the
genes for the large skeleton will be passed on.
Offspring Compete. Most species produce extra offspring every year than the
environment can support. This excessive birth rate results in competition among the
members of the species for the limited natural resources available.
Survival of the Fittest. These individuals reproduce, including their genes to the
succeeding generations. This process is known as “natural selection.” Conditions in the
environment result in the survival of individuals with unique traits which are passed via
heredity to the next generation. Today we refer to this process as “survival of the fittest.”
Darwin used this phrase, however he credited a fellow biologist, Herbert Spencer as its
source.
Freudian Revolution
It is a pertaining to the ideas or methods of Sigmund Freud, specifically his ideas
about the way in which people’s hidden thoughts and feelings influence their behaviour
particularly with respect to the causes and treatment of neurotic and psychopathic states,
the interpretation of dreams, etc.
Sigmund Freud was a one of a kind thinker. He was considered to be the father of
modern psychology and the main developer of the process of psychoanalysis. There can
be little question that he was influenced by earlier thinking concerning the human mind.
The concept of there being activity inside the mind at a conscious and unconscious level
but his approach to these matters was mostly conceptual. His theoretical ideas were as
original as they were unique. It is a testament to Freud’s idea to be aware of that whether
or not you agree, disagree or are ambivalent about his theory, it stays as a theoretical
comerstone in his field of expertise.
According to Freud, while there is an interdependence among these three levels,
each level also serves a reason in personality development. Within this theory the
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capability of individual to get to the bottom of internal conflicts at precise stages of their
development determines future coping and functioning ability as a fully-mature adult.
(1) Super ego. The functions at a conscious level. It serves as a type of screening
center for what is going on. It is at this stage that society and parental guidance is weighed
against personal pleasure and attain as directed by using ones id. Obviously, this places
in movement situations ripe for conflict.
(2) Ego. Freud used the word ego to imply a sense of self, however later revised it
to mean a set of psychic functions such as judgment, tolerance, reality testing, control,
planning, defense, synthesis of information, intellectual functioning and memory.
(3) Id. Freud believed that within this one level, the id is constantly fighting to have
our way in the entirety we undertake.
Information Age
Communication can be defined as the process of transmitting information and
common understanding from one person to another (Keyton, 2011). The word
communication is derived from the Latin word, communis, which means common. The
definition underscores the fact that unless a common understanding results from the
exchange of information, there is no communication.
Information Age is and will continue to present us with these kinds of challenges
at an alarming rate. The increasing complexity of our environment and the actions
necessary to maintain or improve our equilibrium only serve to make these challenges
even more difficult. Successfully responding to these challenges will require three things.
1. We will need to recognize that something has changed.
2. We will need to understand the implications of this change.
3. We will need to develop timely and effective responses.
From Stewart article entitled “Welcome to the Revolution”, begins by stating that the
word "revolution" should not be used cheaply. Nevertheless, Stewart asserts, we are in
fact already in the midst of a revolution induced by emerging information and
communication technologies. Concentrating on the impacts that those technologies are
having in the business world, Stewart explains how knowledge technologies are altering
the cost/benefit equation for competing organizational arrangements. He concludes that
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the Information Age is placing a premium on "the ability to adjust and learn" that applies
both to individuals and organizations.
According to Alberts, Papp and Tuyahov, in their article paper “Historical Impacts of
Information Technologies: An Overview”, they examine the development of several of the
more critical technologies of the first two revolutions, and present an overview of the
historical impacts that those technologies have had on humankind’s activities and
institutions, and on international affairs and on the international system. The most
important events during the modern information revolution.
The first modern information revolution began in the mid-nineteenth century and
extended for approximately 100 years. This first revolution primarily enhanced
communications. During this period, technologies such as the telegraph, telephone, and
radio came of age. These technologies transformed not only humankind’s ability to
communicate, but also people’s lives. Especially in industrial societies, they changed the
ways that people related to one another and altered the ways that business, government,
and military and foreign policy establishments conducted their affairs. Given the
dimensions of their impacts, these technologies also helped modify the structure of the
international system.
The second modern information revolution extended from the mid-twentieth century until
perhaps the 1980s. During this period, technologies such as television, early generation
computers, and satellites linked the world together in ways that it had never before been
linked. These technologies, like the telegraph, telephone, and radio before them, again
transformed humankind’s ability to communicate; changed the ways that people related to
one another; altered the conduct of the affairs of business and government; and modified
the structure of the international system.
Since the 1980s, still more information technologies have been developed and have begun
to be employed, technologies with capabilities that dwarf those of the information
technologies already in use. We are thus on the verge of a third modern information
revolution, one that perhaps should be labelled a "knowledge revolution" since it
encompasses advances in information technologies that significantly alter the politics,
economics, sociology, and culture of knowledge creation and distribution.
Mesoamerican Period (1200 B.C. – 3rd Century A.D.)
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The term Mesoamerica comes from the Greek word mesos meaning “in the
middle.” It refers to a geographical and cultural area which extends from central Mexico
down through Central America, including the territory which is now made up of the
countries of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador. It is therefore seen as partly in
North America, and encompassing a large part of Central America. This period is
characterized by the following civilizations: (1) Olmec Empire, (2) Mayan Empire (3)
Aztec Empire and (4) Incas Empire.
MESOAMERICAN CIVILIZATION
- The first great American civilization
- Region includes Central Mexico though Central America
Geography and People - The people farmed and grew corn, beans, squash, sweet
potatoes, peppers and tomatoes
- Farmers also domesticated animals
- The first major Mesoamerican civilization
- Developed in the tropical rainforests of Mexico’s gulf coast
Olmec Empire (1400-500
- They invented a calendar and system of writing made up of
BC)
carved inscription
- Strong devoted to religion and priests were highly respected
- Complex agricultural society
- Established large city sales
- Farming and trade
- Merchants and Artisans
- Social structure
- Ruling Chief
- Nobles (Military and Government Officials)
Mayan Empire (AD 300-
Contributions
900)
- Architecture – built large pyramids and palaces
- Agriculture – grew enough food to support large population
- Science – developed a hieroglyphic style of writing a accurate
calendar, number system and understood the concept of zero.
Decline
- (Around 900 AD) they abandoned their cities for unknown
reasons.
- Settled into Mexico in the late 1200 and established their
Aztec Empire (1200) capital in Tenochtitlan
- Fierce warriors using military conquest to build a huge empire
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- They became very wealthy from taxes from conquered people

- By 1500’s, the empire covered most of Mexico and included
approx.. 30 million people
Social structure
- Ruled by a single emperor chosen by a council of priests and
nobles
- Nobility
- Traders (also acted as military scouts)
- Farmers
- Slaves
Religion
- Priests were highly respected individuals
- Chief God was the sun God
- They offered thousands of human sacrifices to please their
Gods
Contribution
- Developed and accurate and established schools
- Doctors learned to set broken bones and dentist learned to
treat dental cavities
- Architecture – “The capital” was built on the site of the present
day of Mexico City.
- In 1400’s, emerged from the Andes Mountains and conquered
a large area that extend over 2500 miles down in the Pacific
Coast
- They were ruled by an emperor who held absolute power and
also acted as chief religious leader and the son of the Sun God.
- Capital was located at Cuzco
- Government controlled the lives of the people within their
empire, everyone has to speak the Incan language and worship
Incan Gods.
Incas Empire (1400’s)
Roads
- Built a large and elaborate system of roads
- Runners used these roads to carry new far off provinces and the
capital
Religion
- Worshipped many Gods related to the forces of nature
- Sun God was the most important
- Priest were very powerful members of society
Contribution
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- Engineering – a system of roads that extend over 12,000 miles

and included bridges and funnels
- Temple of the Sun – built in the capital, it was so strong it could
withstand the power of major earthquakes
- Agriculture – terrace farming used in mountains region
- Communication – Incan government officials kept records by
means of a knotted, colored string system called quipus.
- Incans also excelled in medicine
Middle East
The Middle East is an area of the world that includes many countries, such as Turkey,
Israel, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq and extends from Egypt to Afghanistan where Islam arose. The
word “Islam” means ‘submission to the wil of God” while the followers of Islam are called
Muslims. The Qur’an (or Koran) is the major holy text of Islam. The Hadith is another important
book. Muslims also revere some material found in the Judeo-Christian Bible. Muslims follow five
basic pillars that are essential to their faith. These include:
• Witness (Shahada) – to declare one’s faith in God and belief in Muhammad
• Worship (Salat) – to pray five times a day (at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and
evening)
• Fasting (Sawm) – to give to those in need
• Tithing (Zakat) – to fast during Ramadan
• Pilgrimage (Hajj) – to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during a person’s
lifetime if the person is able.
Throughout its history, these people have either invented or contributed to the development
of important technologies that have impacted the fields of astronomy, medicine, and much more.
Contribution to Geography
• Al Idrisi – produced very accurate maps including a world map that has continents,
mountains, rivers and famous cities.
• Al Muqdishi – a geographer , who also produced an accurate colored map
• Muslim – great navigators for the expeditions of other countries. Ferdinand
Magellan and Christopher Columbus imported Muslim navigators.
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Contributions to Mathematics
• They invented symbols to express an unknown quantity
• Use of zero and decimal system
• Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī – one of the first director of the House of
Wisdom, Introduced algebra in solving equation
• TAQI AD-DIN MUHAMMAD IBN MA'RUF ASH-SHAMI AL-ASADI is one
of the world's most famous polymaths. He was born in Damascus, now located in
Syria, in 1526. His knowledge and observations contributed much to the field of
astronomy.
Medical Contributions
• Arabs used cadaver in studying and understanding human anatomy and physiology
• Abū-Alī al-Husayn ibn-‘Abdallāh Ibn-Sīnā or Avicenna – wrote an
encyclopedia of medical knowledge. This work was translated into latin and used
as a textbook in Europe up to 17th century.
• Abū Bark Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī – sprearheaded the construction
of the first Islamic
African Revolution
Africans like other Eastern civilizations are pioneer of some advancement in science and
technology. They worked independently without any influence of European science. Some
remarkable works of Africans were in the field of mathematics, metallurgy, architecture,
engineering, astronomy, medicine and navigation.
Remarkable Contributions
• Used of first method of counting
• Modern concepts of mathematics that is globally accepted and used today in high
schools. It was first developed in Africa.
• Used advance techniques for furnace that made it fuel efficient which was 200 to 400
ᵒC hotter compared to 1600ᵒC. Furnace used by the Romans.
• Created the building of Zimbabwe and the 11 interconnected rock-hewn churches of
Lalibela in Ethiopa which are considered as wonders of the world.
• Observations on Sirius A and B by Dogon people.
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• Cushitic people used their knowledge of stars and constellations to calculate and
establish an accurate calendar.
• Pioneered some medical practices like installation of false teeth, filling of dental
cavities, broken bone setting, bone traction, vaccination, brain surgery, skin grafting
and autopsy.
• Used of plants like the bark of salix capensis as source of aspirin, kaopectate for
treating diarrhea and Rauwolfia vomitoria as source or reserpine for hypertension and
snakebite.
• Built boats in varying sizes with the largest that can carry a load of 80 tons.
(Text adopted from Bautista, D.H.S. (2019). Science Technology and Society. Mutya Publishing House Inc. Page 36-38. ISBN 978-971-821-890-7)

Video from youtube: World’s Greatest Inventions (3 minutes)
V. Learning Task

NAME: ________________________________________________________________
COURSE&BLOCK: _____________________________________________________
DATE: _________________________________________________________________
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Direction. Before you begin writing, read the passage carefully and plan what you will
say. Your essay should be as well organized as carefully written as you can make it.
1. How intellectual revolution change the society?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think society need science and technology?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Assume that you are a scientist, in what revolution do you want to go back and
why?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Direction. Multiple choice. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the best answer. There
is only one best answer each question. Any kind of erasures means wrong.
1. In contribution of ancient astronomers. Who proved that earth is spherical?

a. Aristarchus c. Galileo Galilei
b. Aristotle d. Claudius Ptolemy
2. What kind of evolution that derives from conditions from surroundings?
a. Variation in Population c. Offspring Compete
b. Inherited Traits d. Survival of the Fittest
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3. The first person propose the idea that the sun is the center of the universe.
a. Aristotle c. Johannes Kepler
b. Hipparchus d. Aristarchus
4. The main developer of the process of psychoanalysis.
a. Aristotle c. Charles Darwin
b. Sigmund Freud d. Galileo Galilei
5. He published the book entitled “The Copernican Revolution” which used for
Copernicus case study.
a. Nicholas Copernicus c. Claudius Ptolemy
b. Thomas Kuhn d. Aristotle
6. His knowledge and observations contributed in the field of astronomy. He is the
world’s famous _______________.
a. Astronomer c. Chemist
b. Physiology d. Polymaths
7. He measured the earth distance to the moon.
a. Hipparchus c. Thomas Kuhn
b. Johannes Kepler d. Al Idrisi
8. In Mesoamerican Period, communication of government officials kept record by means
of knotted, colored string system is also known as?
a. Poneglyph c. Qiupus
b. Quipus d. Ponegliphy
9. One of the first director of house of wisdom, he introduced algebra in solving equation.
a. Al Muqdishi
b. Al Idrisi
c. Abū Bark Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī
d. Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
10. He concludes in his article that placing a premium on the ability to adjust and learn that
applies both to individuals and organizations.
a. Albert and Papp c. Stewart
b. Alan Turing d. None of the above
VI. References
Bautista, D. H., et.al. (2019). Science Technology and Society. Mutya Publishing House Inc.
ISBN 978-971-821-890-7
Yu, X. (2017). A New Round of Science and Technology Revolution Bring Human Society to Spiritual
Civilization Stage – Spiritual Life Awakening. Institute of China ICT Development &
Strategy, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
https://klio.uoregon.edu/tx/gr/presoctx.htm#:~:text=The%20Intellectual%20Revolution,%22%2
0or%20%22first%20philosophy%22
VII. Rubrics

Features
(5) (3) (2) (1)
No new
Writing very poorly
organized
No grammatical,
Usage punctuation
errors

Posted completed
learning task
within 24hrs after
the deadline

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Title: Science and Technology and Nation Building

Module No. 4
I. Introduction
The role that science and technology has played in improving the life conditions
across the globe is vivid, but the benefit has to been harvested maximum by all countries.
Without proper implementation of science and technology, no nation could grow and all
those nations that were labelled as low in growth have proved where they stand today and
all that has happened only because of science and technology.

1. Discuss the concept of nation building and its importance;

2. Explain the relationship between development and nation-building;
3. Discuss the role of Science and technology in the Philippine Nation Building;
4. Evaluate the government policies pertaining to science and technology in terms of
their contributions to nation building; and
5. Identify actual science and technology policies of the government and appraise their
impact on the development of the Filipino nation.
What is a nation?
A nation is a community or race of people with shared culture, traditions, history
and usually language, whether scattered or confined to one country. The term ‘nation’
emphasizes a particular group of people, ‘country’ emphasizes the physical dimensions and
boundaries of a geographical area, and ‘state’ a self-governing legal and political entity.
“You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something,
build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete”
- Buckminster Fuller
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Nation Building
It is an important aspect of a citizen’s life and one that every citizen must have that
cognitive dissonance to serve as a reminder that it is a huge responsibility to be involved and
contribute positively in the political life of his or her nation. Professor Gambari (2008) aptly
captures that many important aspects of nation building thus;
• Building a political entity (territory, rules, norms, principles and common citizenship)
• Building institutions
• Building a common sense of purpose, a sense of shared destiny, a collective
imagination of belonging.
The impact of a welfare – centered developments aimed to address the basic needs of the people
to be free from poverty, inequality, unemployment, on the one hand or by desire to compete or
resources and power either internally or in the international system, is indeed necessary. Thus,
it doesn’t only indicate developments in terms of human rights but also most importantly,
development of education towards democratic state to promote welfare. (Barbanti, 2005)
Global Perspective
Times have changed. Revolutionary advances in science, technology, communications and
transportation have brought nations and peoples together in ways undreamed of by previous
generations. What are the global perspective essential to STS? Position statements of the
National Council for the Social Studies and the National Science Teachers Association
recommended that the K-12 curriculum include content that addresses the following
generalizations:
1. We are living in an age of increasing globalization in which all people are interacting
with transnational. Multicultural and cross-cultural phenomena.
2. The world stage includes a variety of actors beyond nation-states. Individuals, local
groups, church groups, scientific and technological organizations, trade unions,
multinational corporations and regional organizations are increasingly interacting and
influencing both local and global events.
3. Humans are dependent upon a world environment characterized by finite natural
resources; the planet’s ecosystem both affects and is affected by humankind.
4. There are relationships between present social, political, technological and ecological
choices and alternative futures for individuals and the planet.
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Science and Technology for the Advancement of Developing Countries

Developments in science and technology are basically altering the way people live,
connect, communicate and transact, with profound outcomes on economic development. To
promote tech advance, developing countries must make investments in high-quality education
for youth, and non-stop skills training for workers and managers.
Science and science are key drivers to development, because technological and scientific
revolutions underpin economic advances, enhancements in health systems, education and
infrastructure.
Senator Edgardo J. Angara confused the importance of investing in Science, Technology
and Innovation (STI) during the 6th Jaime V. Ongpin Annual Memorial Lecture on Public
Service in Business and Government on January 16, 2008 at the Ateneo Professional Schools.
The Senator stated STI as the driving force in the back of the success of our Asian
neighbors China, India, and Thailand. Aware of rising developments in biotechnology,
Information and Communication Technology (ICT), nanotechnology and neurotechnology and
how these fields make a contribution to monetary growth, Chinese, Indian and Thai
governments make investments closely on research and development (R & D) and education.
According to Angara, other factors responsible for our Asian neighbors’ economic success
are the following:
• government investment in public goods and services such as roads, clean water,
health and education;
• support for small and medium-scale enterprises; support for higher education
institutions, science and engineering sectors, and industry and trade associations;
• inter-institutional linkages between universities, industries, government agencies
and non-government organizations; and
• good governance.
Science and Technology in Philippine Nation Building
The Philippine government, as early as the 1980’s prioritize the initiatives on
promoting the function of science and technology in the national development. The
declarations in the 1987 Constitution, Article XIV acknowledge the significant role of
science and technology:
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Section 10. Science and technology are essential for national development and progress.
The State shall give priority to research and development, invention, innovation, and their
utilization; and to science and technology education, training, and services. It shall support
indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological capabilities, and their
application to the country’s productive systems and national life.
Section 11. The Congress may provide for incentives, including tax deductions, to
encourage private participation in programs of basic and applied scientific research.
Scholarships, grants-in-aid, or other forms of incentives shall be provided to deserving
science students, researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists, and specially gifted
citizens.
Section 12. The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the adaptation of technology
from all sources for the national benefit. It shall encourage the widest participation of
private groups, local governments, and community-based organizations in the generation
and utilization of science and technology.
Section 13. The State shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors,
artists, and other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and creations, particularly
when beneficial to the people, for such period as may be provided by law.
This mandate necessitates the assurance of imposing efforts in using science and science
as a tool for advancing the functionality and capability of the nation for the welfare and
condition of its people. Hence, the Philippine government agencies play massive role, in
sustaining and promoting science and technology for the development of the country.
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is the primary science and
technology body in the country, charged with pursuing the state policy of supporting local
efforts in science, technology, and research and development.
The following agencies are attached to the DOST:
• Advanced Science and Technology Institute
• Food and Nutrition Research Institute
• Forest Products Research and Development Institute
• Industrial Technology Development Institute
• Information and Communications Technology Office
• Metals Industry Research and Development Center
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• National Academy of Science and Technology

• National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP)
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA)
• Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic Natural Resources Research
and Development
• Philippine Council for Health Research and Development
• Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology
Research and Development
• Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
• Philippine Nuclear Research Institute
• Philippine Science High School System
• Philippine Textile Research Institute
• Science and Technology Information Institute
• Science Education Institute
• Technology Application and Promotion Institute
• Technology Resource Center
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)

It is tasked to foster a competitive and innovative industry and services sector that
contributes to job generation and inclusive growth; and to advance the rights and
responsibilities of consumers.
The Philippine government moves forward with innovation and entrepreneurship
as the central pillar of the government’s Inclusive Innovation Industrial Strategy (i3S) with
the launch of the Inclusive Filipinnovation and Entrepreneurship Roadmap during the
Inclusive Innovation Conference (IIC) 2018 held on October 2 to 3 at the Sofitel Philippine
Plaza Manila.
In partnership with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the Department
of Trade and Industry (DTI) outlined its strategies for the country to seize market
opportunities and address the challenges of Industry 4.0. The Roadmap covers six key
elements: (1) strong government-academe-industry collaboration; (2) human capital
development; (3) access to funding and finance; (4) innovation policy and
commercialization of research; (5) entrepreneurial culture and support for startups,
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MSMEs, and large enterprises to become more innovative; and (6) development of industry
clusters to position innovative industries for rapid growth. These will be implemented
through the regional inclusive innovation centers (RIICs), which will be established
initially in Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, and Legaspi.
COMMISSION in HIGHER EDUCATION (CHED)
The Philippine government’s agency in charged with promoting relevant and quality higher
education, ensuring access to quality higher education, and guaranteeing and protecting
academic freedom for continuing intellectual growth, advancement of learning and
research, development of responsible and effective leadership, education of high level
professionals, and enrichment of historical and cultural heritages.
NATIONAL ECONOMIC and DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (NEDA)
Mandated by the Philippine Constitution, NEDA is the country’s independent
economic development and planning agency. It is premier social and economic
development planning and policy coordinating body primarily responsible for formulating
continuing, coordinated and fully integrated social and economic policies, plans and
programs.
Science and Technology Competitiveness of the Philippines
Key for factor –driven

economies
Key for efficiency –

driven economies
Key for innovation –

driven economies
Fig. 3.1
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The figure 3.1, shows the 12 pillars to be considered to determine the capability and
competitiveness of a country which the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness
Report Indicator.
Three of the 12 pillars relate to S&T, namely: Technological Readiness (9th pillar) under
Efficiency Enhancers; the Business Sophistication (11th pillar) and Innovation (12th pillar)
under Innovation and Sophistication Factors.
Technological Readiness pillar is composed of 7 indicators, three of which are opinion survey
questions (on availability of latest technologies, firm-level technology absorption, and FDI and
technology transfer) among respondent CEOs whose perceptions determine the country’s
ranking.
The other four indicators are on actual data on ICT (number of internet users, number
of fixed broadband subscribers, size of internet bandwidth, and number of mobile broadband
subscribers) that are sourced from the “World Telecommunication ICT Indicators” being
collated and published annually by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Business Sophistication pillar is composed of 9 indicators that are all based on opinion survey
questions (on local supplier quantity, local supplier quality, state of cluster development, nature
of competitive advantage, value chain breadth, control of international distribution, production
process sophistication, extent of marketing, and willingness to delegate authority) among
respondent CEOs whose perceptions determine the country’s ranking.
Innovation pillar is composed of 7 indicators, all of which, except one, are based on
perceptions of respondent CEOs when they rank the country on opinion survey questions (on
capacity for innovation, quality of scientific research institutions, company spending on R&D,
university-industry collaboration, government procurement of advanced technology products,
and availability of scientists and engineers).
The Philippine Government Science and Technology Agenda
Filipinos desire to experience a “matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay.” This
collective long-term vision was revealed in a series of focus group discussions and an extensive
nationwide survey that asked about the aspirations of Filipinos with the aid of 2040.
The AmBisyon Natin 2040 – it is our collective ambition. At the same time, we prefer it to be
the Vision for the country, for which government will formulate policies and enforce programs
and initiatives to enable all Filipinos to achieve this AmBisyon.
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On October 11, 2016, President Rodrigo R. Duterte signed Executive Order No. 5, s. 2016
approving and adopting the 25-year long-term vision entitled AmBisyon Natin 2040 as a guide
for development planning (Refer to Annex 1 for the EO). It also laid down 4 areas for strategic
policies, programs, and projects over the next 25 years that will help recognize the AmBisyon
Natin 2040. These areas are:
a. Building a prosperous, predominantly middle-class society where no one is
poor;
b. Promoting a long and healthy life;
c. Becoming smarter and more innovative; and
d. Building a high-trust society.
A matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay by 2040 will be executed if we are able to
lay down the foundation for inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient society, and a globally-
competitive knowledge economy with the aid of 2022. This intention will be supported by way
of three pillars - Malasakit, Pagbabago, and Patuloy na Pag-unlad – which are similarly
supported through strategic policies and macroeconomic fundamentals, and built on a strong
bedrock of safety, peace and security, infrastructure, and a healthy environment.
The major strategic outcomes are the following:
1. Pillar 1: Enhancing the social fabric (Malasakit): There will be higher trust in public
institutions and throughout all of society. Government will be people-centered, clean,
and efficient. Administration of justice will be swift and fair. There will be greater
attention about and respect for the range of our cultures.
2. Pillar 2: Inequality-reducing transformation (Pagbabago): There will be greater
economic opportunities, coming from the domestic market and the rest of the world.
Access to these possibilities will be made easier. Special interest will be given to the
disadvantaged subsectors and people groups.
3. Pillar 3: Increasing growth potential (Patuloy na Pag-unlad): Many more will adopt
current technology, in particular for production. Innovation will be further encouraged,
specifically in maintaining with the harmonized research and development agenda.
And in order to accelerate economic growth even more in the succeeding Plan periods,
interventions to manage population growth will be applied and investments for human
capital development will be increased.
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The Philippine Science and Technology Agenda

Harmonized National R&D Agenda (HNRDA)
2017-2022 is aligned with AmBisyon Natin 2040:
matatag, maginhawa at panatag na buhay para sa
lahat. It has three pillars: Malasakit (enhancing the
social fabric), Pagbabago (reducing inequality) and
Kaunlaran (increasing possible growth). AmBisyon
Natin 2040 and the three pillars shape the basis for
more inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient
society and a globally competitive information
economy.
One of the outcomes identified in the Philippine
Development Plan 2017-2022 is to increase the country's possible growth through building the
foundation for a globally competitive knowledge economy where accelerated technology
adoption and influenced innovation are envisioned to be achieved. The HRNDA, therefore,
articulates our national priorities and will serve as guide for public investment in R&D while
ensuring a cohesive convergence and integration of R&D efforts towards the shared purpose
of inclusive socio-economic growth and a better existence for Filipinos. The HNRDA is
organized into 5 sectors:
• Basic Research;
• Agriculture Aquatic and Natural Resources;
• Health;
• Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology; and
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation.
The Agenda was formulated by the National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP),
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development
(PCAARRD), Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD), Philippine
Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development
(PCIEERD), Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), and
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
in cooperation with stakeholders in the respective sectors.
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For 2017-2022, the NRCP’s National Integrated Basic Research Agenda (NIBRA) will
prioritize fundamental research in help of the Philippine Development Plan, the National Security
Plan, and the Science for Change Program led via the Department of Science and Technology. It
has six issue-based NIBRA programs, namely:
• Water Security – TUBIG Program (Tubig ay Buhayin at Ingatan)
• Food and Nutrition Security – SAPAT Program (Saganang Pagkain Para sa Lahat)
• Health Sufficiency – LIKAS Program (Likas Yaman sa Kalusugan)
• Clean Energy – ALERT Program (Alternative Energy Research Trends)
• Sustainable Community – SAKLAW Program (Saklolo sa Lawa)
• Inclusive Nation-building – ATIN program (Ang Tinig Natin)
8 Action Point Agenda

The Philippine STI policy gained a new momentum during the government of President Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo (2004-2010), whose ten-point agenda stated “technology is the foundation of
future economic development” and the current Philippine STI policies build on its legacy. To better
focus STI programmes and other initiatives, DOST has launched an 8-point action agenda (initially
in 2006), much in line with Filipinnovation and LED. This includes:
1) Science-based know-how and tools that enable the agriculture sector to raise
productivity to world-class standards.
2) Innovative, cost-effective and appropriate technologies that enable MSMEs to develop
and produce competitive products that meet world-class standards.
3) State-of-the-art facilities and capabilities that enable local industries to move up the
value chain and attain global competitiveness.
4) Idea of the Philippines as a global leader in Information Technology - Business Process
Management Services generating direct employment of 1.3mio (520,000 of which in
the countryside).
5) ICT-based transformation of governance broadening access to government services
(i.e. health and education) for those in the countryside (to bring the Philippines in the
top 50 global ranking of e-government by 2016).
6) Improved quality healthcare and quality of life thru science, technology and innovation.
7) Highly skilled and globally competitive S&T human resources in support of the
national S&T programs (Philippine Science High School/PSHS to be the leading
science high school in ASEAN by 2015 and every town to have at least one DOST
scholar by 2016).
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8) Science-based weather information and climate change scenarios with associated

impact assessments that enable concerned agencies to develop appropriate mitigation
strategies for a disaster and climate change resilient Philippines.
Science Education in the Philippines
In the Philippines and around the world, science and technology-based and a
knowledge-based economy are the common concerns. Living in such an environment
requires expectations and skills to survive, (SEI-DOST and UP NISMED, 2011) The effort
of investing in science, technology and innovation shall be supported and sustained through
breaking resource gaps, specifically in the education sector. As John F. Kennedy, former
US President, said “Our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in
education. The human mind is our fundamental resources.” That is, in meeting the demands
of the 21st century world, what should be the
direction of science education?
In all fairness with the Philippine
government, efforts to improve quality education
have always been part of its plan of action. The
Department of Education, through the National
Education for all Committee, engaged in bench
marking strategy with the Southeast Asian
Ministers of Education Organization Regional
Center for Educational Innovation an dTechnology
(SEAMEO INNOTECH). The said undertaking
stated on February 2011 is to secure affirmation of
basic education reforms towards meeting the
demands of 21st century.
Fensham (2006), explained that traditionally, science content areas such as life
science, physical science and earth and space science, are presented as separate subjects to
achieve mastery on concepts, principles and processes. The new science education
curriculum shows a revolutionized inclusion of the three content areas to accentuate the
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“understanding of the connections and interrelationship” of various science concepts.

Added to this are the themes which are valued in “real-life contexts” namely, “maintaining
good health and living safely; utilizing energy and coping with changes and conserving
and protecting the environment.” This implies that learning how to apply the concepts shall
be pursued further towards more meaningful learning.
Such arrangement of the curriculum has been founded in the true aim of education.
It can be traced back in 1996, when the International Commission on Education for the 21st
Century to UNESCO, headed by Jacques Delors,
identified learning throughout life as a key to meet the
challenges of the 21st century. He further presented the
framework based on the Four Pillars of Education; (1)
Learning to know, (2) learning to live together, (3)
learning to do and (4) learning to be. The report
highlighted the need for individuals to learn how to
learn for them to manage the rapid changes and
challenges of the present and the future. Thus, suggesting
lifelong learning that involves the development of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values
throughout one’s life-from early childhood through adulthood. (SEAMEO INNOTECH,
2012)
(Adopted from Bautista, D.H.S. (2019). Science Technology and Society. Mutya Publishing House Inc. Page 62-63. ISBN 978-971-821-890-7)
Latest Filipino Inventions
AEROGAS CATALYTIC COMBUSTOR (ACC)
Aerogas Catalytic Combustor (ACC) is an anti-pollution, fuel saver and power booster
engine device. It has practical application on all types of internal combustion engines like
engines of Jeeps, Cars, Trucks, Ships and Motorcycles and even Gas Fired Power Plants at
a very economical cost. It was invented by Engr. Marino C. Martinez, a chemical engineer.
The gadget has been rigidly tested with machines and on the road by government agencies
like DENR-EMB, DOST – PICIERD, ITDI, LTO and private users at the onset of
legislation of the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999. These are proofs of the effectiveness
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of the ACC to reduce pollution by as much as 82%, fuel saving by as much as 32%, increase
horse power and torque by as much as 7.95%. These figures shows that engine combustion
efficiently has significantly improved if not perfected.
The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 under Section 3

states, 'the state shall pursue a policy of balancing
development and environmental protection.
https://www.google.com/search?q=AEROGAS+CATALYTIC+COMBUSTOR+(ACC)&bih=657&
biw=1366&hl=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0g4m09qjrAhXF-
GEKHSYxC1oQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw#imgrc=5A6Dggn7z4ig_M
SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE LIGHT (SALT)
It is the brainchild of Aisa Mijeno, an engineer,who was inspired by members of the Butbut
tribe in Kalinga who rely on kerosene lamps for their main source of lighting. Marketed as
a “saltwater-powered” lamp, it easily showed promise as a sustainable alternative to old
technologies.
The SALT lamp is an environment-friendly and

sustainable alternative light source that runs on saltwater,
making it suitable to those who live in coastal areas. It
can also function well in remote barrios. With just two
table spoons of salt and one glass of top water, this
ecologically designed lamp can run for eight hours.
https://www.changemakers.com/globalgoals2015/entries/sustain
able-alternative-lighting-salt
SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE
The answer to the needs of thousands Filipino residents living in perennially flooded areas
as well as low-lying communities near bodies of water is called “SALAMANDER”. The
floating trike was launched by H2O Technologies at the Capitol Commons Center in Pasig
City.
It is the brainchild of Filipino custom car ‘Sifu’ or master, Atoy Llave of A Toy Body Kits,
came into fruition after shared his ideas with the well-known bot maker Dominic Chung.
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After the exchange of ideas, a partnership between Llave and Chung was formed and H2O
Technologies was formed.
Leading the engineering team at H2O Technologies is Lamberto Armada who fused the
ideas and knowhow of both Llave and Chung – creating the Salamander.
It is an amphibious tricycle which can carry six

passengers, including the driver that can drive
over land and water, directly. It is built on
compartmentalized, double-hull, fiberglass
body that would not sink even if a section
sustains damage.
https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/car-news/how-much-is-the-
amphibious-salamander-how-do-you-get-one

V. Learning Task
NAME: ________________________________________________________________
COURSE&BLOCK: _____________________________________________________
DATE: _________________________________________________________________
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say. Your essay should be as well organized as carefully written as you can make it. Write
your answer on the space provided.
1. Why Science and Technology is important in nation-building?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Role of science and technology in nation building.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. As a student of science technology and society, what can you contribute and how this
contribution help our government to achieve their goals for our country?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
VI. References
Government sites.
https://www.google.com/search?q=AEROGAS+CATALYTIC+COMBUSTOR+(ACC)&source=lnms&t
bm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA9_i37KjrAhUOFogKHR_iD1wQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1366&b
ih=657#imgrc=5YjuD_R80Rwv5M
https://fi.pinterest.com/pin/113293746855080247/
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https://www.manilatimes.net/2015/02/02/weekly/fast-times/philippine-made-amphibious-
tricycle-
unveiled/159905/#:~:text=The%20Salamander%20is%20an%20amphibious,if%20a%20section%
20sustains%20damage.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Science-CG_with-tagged-sci-
equipment_revised.pdf
VII. Rubrics

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Title: The Human Person Flourishing in terms of Science and Technology

Module No. 5
I. Introduction
Technology has always been defined as a mean to an end and being a human
activity. It has long filled the word. Everyday routines are marked with technological
advances that reflect what a society is good or known for. Technology has well advanced
since the middle of the 20th century especially after the end of World War II. It is not
unexpected for technology to involve question of knowledge which lead to its formation
as one of the branches of philosophy. This also led to the furtherance of technology based
on how it is viewed and understood. But there is more to that. Aristotle, was born 304 B.C.
an ancient Greek philosophy scientist and one of the most significant thinkers and who
contributed so much to science, technology, political theory, and aesthetics world; followed
that knowledge of the world begins by looking and examining that which exists. To
understand the human person flourishing in terms of science and technology, it is good to
first examine technology in its essence.
1. Define and explain what technology is and its essence;

2. Understand the human condition and analyze the effects of science and technology
to this condition;
3. Perceive the danger of the controlling power technology has over humans;
4. Understand the concept of human being; and
5. Analyze human flourishing in relation to the progress of science and technology.
Selected Views on Technology

It has been said they there are many views or ways as to how technology is understood.
These philosophies contributed on how technology is understood and utilized by the
society. Some of it will be discussed briefly below.
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Aristotelianism
This views technology as basically a means to an end. To Aristotle, technology is the
organizing of techniques in order to meet the demand that is being posed by humans. This
may seem that technology is primarily concerned with the product. Technology will be
judged as either good or bad based on the value given to the product based on its use and
effect to the society.
Technological Pessimism
This views is extremely supported by Frensh Philosopher Jacques Ellul (1912-1994).
Technological Pessimism holds that technology is progressive and beneficial in many
ways, it is also doubtful in many ways. It is said that technology is a means to an end but
this views, technology has become a way of life. Technique has become a framework
which human cannot escape. It has introduced ways on how to make things easy. Ellul’s
pessimistic arguments are:
• Technological progress has a price
• Technological progress creates more problems
• Technological progress creates damaging effects; and
• Technological progress creates unpredictable devastating effects.
Although Ellul has strongly spoken of his arguments, they are still found to be weak and
not true at all times. Like when he said that technological progress can create more
problems than it solves, he seems to have under estimated the objective decisions a
technicians, and other technological agencies makes regarding the technology where they
weigh the good and bad effects it can have in the society.
Technological Optimism
This view is strongly supported by technologist an engineers and also by ordinary people
who believe that technology can alleviate all the difficulties and provide solutions for
problems that may come. It holds that even though technological problems may arise,
technology will still be the solutions to it. The extreme version of this philosophy is
tehnocrtism which holds technology as the supreme authority on everything.
Existentialism
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The main concern of this view is the existence or the mode of being of someone or
something which is governed by the norm of authenticity. This view basically investigate
the meaning of existence or being and is always faced with the selection must make with
which the existence will commit himself to.
Martin Heidegger, a philosopher who was one of the most known supporters of this
philosophy. He did not stop defining what technology is but has dealt with its essence. To
Heidegger, the real essence of technology lies in enframing, the gathering of the setting
upon which challenges man to bring the unconcealed to unconcealment and this is a
continuous revealing.
Martin Heidegger on Science and Technology
Martin Heidegger (1889-1996), a well-known German philosopher, examined the two
usual definitions of technology; means to an end and a human activity, because he
believed that this kind of confusing and there are question to it that we easily overlook.
These two definitions cannot be separated from each other. He called it the instrumental
and anthropological definition of technology or simply means by which the human ends
are realized. To Heidegger, this may not be a false definition but it is a misleading one
because this limits our thinking.
The Instrumental Definition of Technology
According to Heidegger, the instrumental definition of technology encourages us to view
technology from different periods of time as not having fundamental differences. But he
claimed that this doesn’t show the true essence of technology. He explained that while
technology is geared towards meeting a human needs, still there is a difference between
older handicraft technologies with modern technology. As it is, “a saw mill on a secluded
valley of the Black Forest is a primitive means compared with the hydroelectric plant on
the Rhine River” (Heidegger, 1997). He also argued that “technology is by no means
technological” and should not be seen as merely neutral. The problem begins when humans
see it only as a means to an end and disregard the fact that there is a good technology and
a bad technology.
Another problem that Heidegger saw in the instrumental definition of technology is that it
only invites man to a continual desire to master it which unconsciously may be making
technology go out of hand. He stated that “Everything depends on our manipulating
technology in the proper manner as a means. We will, as we say, get technology spiritually
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in hand. We will master it. The will to mastery becomes the more urgent the more
technology threatens to slip from human control”. With this, the argued that the problem
does not fall on making technology better but on how man sets upon technology, his
thoughts that makes him blind to the real essence of technology.
For Heidegger, this correct definition of technology is insufficient as it doesn’t bring out
its real essence. He said, “In order that we may arrive at this, or at least come close to it,
we must seek the true by way of the correct. We must ask: what is the instrumental itself?
Within what do such things as means and end belong?. In answering these question,
Heidegger arrived at a discussion of causality which to him in reality initially involves four
ways that leads for something to exist or to be “caused”.
Aristotle’s Four Causes
Heidegger further studied Aristotle’s four causes and illustrated it using a silver chalice
which he said owes it make up from the four causes.
1. The Material Cause
The material by which the silver chalice was made of: Silver
2. The Formal Cause
The form of the shape that gave the silver chalice its image.
3. The Final Cause
The purpose or the primary use by which the silver chalice was made for:
to be used during the Holy Communion as a vessel for the wine that represent
the blood of Christ.
4. The Efficient Cause
The agent that has caused for the silver chalice to come about: the
silversmith.
The four causes are all deemed responsible for the bringing forth of the silver chalice.
This bringing forth of the something is termed as poiesis and this is characterized by
an external force. It is bringing something concealed to uncealment which then makes
technology as not only means to an end but also mode of revealing.
The silver chalice was bought forth by the silver, by its form, for this purpose, by the
silversmith. External factors have caused for the silver chalice to be brought forth. On
the other hand, something that came about without any external forced, like a flower
blooming in the field or a tree bearing its fruit is termed physics. The flower blossomed
and the tree bore fruit even without external help.
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Heidegger’s Technology as a way of Revealing

Heidegger believed that the genuine substance or the real essence of technology is
found in enframing. This is the continuous bringing forth into unconcealment that
which is concealed. This is a non-stop revealing. Heidegger saw technology as a way
of revealing and continues to demand for something to be bought out into the open.
This bringing forth into the open is a two-way relationship: the concealed is calling out
for someone to set upon it and bring it to unconcealment and the one who receives the
call sets upon and acts upon to unconceal the concealed.
He gave some examples through contrasting ancient and modern technology. First he
talked about the ancient windmill which only relies on the wind blowing and does not
store energy which can be for immediate use and can also be stored up for future use.
Second, was about the pleasant planting seeds who only waits for the bringing forth of
the planted seed because there is no challenge set upon soil. Modern technology of
cultivation on the other hand, challenged the field that has caused for agriculture to be
revolutionized. Now, food is not only produced for immediate use but can be stored as
well for future use and could cater more population. Third, is about the wooden bridge
is built to join river to banks for hundreds of years without challenges being set upon
on Rhine River dammed the river into the hydroelectric plant so that electrical energy
can be stored and distributed.
Because of this continuous revealing, He also pointed out the danger that comes with
technology. The call to unconceal that which is concealed is also causing something to
be concealed even more. And as one tries to understand something, there is the
tendency to be closed to the counter part of which is being opened to him. There is also
tendency for man to misunderstand the thing that is being unconcealed before him.
Here, Heidegger calls for that is being unconcealed before him and those that have
relationship with that being unconcealed.
The Mode of Revealing in Modern Technology
Heidegger explained that technology as a mode of revealing does not stop and
continues to be seen in modern technology but not in the bringing-forth sense. This is
a nonstop revealing. Modern technology is revealed by challenging nature, instead of
bringing forth, it is setting upon challenges or demands on nature in order to:
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• Unlock and Expose. It carries the idea that nature will not reveal itself unless
challenge is set upon it. This is true with the hydroelectric plat set upon the
Rhine River which unlocked the electricity concealed in it.
• Stock piles for future use. As technology is a means to an end, it aims to meet
future demands, the electricity produced by the hydroelectric plant set upon the
Rhine River is being stored for future use in the community. Modern technology
are now able to get more from nature by challenging it. As he (1997) said, “Such
challenging happens in that energy concealed in nature in unblocked is
transformed, what is transformed is stored up, what is stored up is distributed,
and what is distributed is switched about ever a new”
The Essence of Technology
The continuous revealing takes place as man allows himself to be an agent in the setting
upon of challenges to nature but Heidegger (1997), argues that this is not more human
doing. Man is able to set upon which was already unconcealed as he responds to the
call of unconcealment but “when man, investigating, observing, pursues natures as an
area of his own conceiving, he has already been claimed by a way of revealing that
challenges him to approach nature as an object of research, until even the object
disappears into the objectness of standing-reserve.
This gathering of the setting upon which challenges man to bring the unconcealed
to unconcealment is called enframing with which according to Heidegger, it also shows
the essence of modern technology. Enframing is basically putting in order whatever is
presented to the man who sets upon the unconcealed but it is a two-way relationship:
man cannot set himself upon unconcealment without unconcealments call and the
unconcealed will not go into unconcealment without the man responding to its call.
This makes modern technology not a mere human doing and with this Heidegger
argued that the essence of technology lies in enframing.
The Danger of the Non-Stop Revealing
The mode of revealing does not stop in modern technology. It continually calls man to
respond to what is presented to him or to the demand for a better and efficient means
to an end. With this comes the continuous challenging forth for the unconcealed to be
unconcealed even more. Here lies the danger that Heidegger talked about.
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Revealing opens up a relationship between man and the word but an opening up of
something means a closing down of something which means as something which
means as something is revealed, another is concealed. An example given by Heidegger
on this “the rise of a cause-effect understanding of reality closes” off an understanding
of God as something mysterious and holy: God is reduced to the God of the
philosophers” (Cerbone, 2008).
Another danger is when man falls into a misinterpretation of that which is presented to
him. That is when he sees himself in the object before him rather than seeing the object
itself. There is also the tendency for man to be fully engrossed with the enframing that
he fails to weigh the results and consequences of his setting upon an object which may
be destructive not only to himself but even to the surroundings and other people. This
happens when he starts to believe that everything in the human condition can be
answered by technology and that even man’s happiness is dependent on the continuous
modernization of technology.
The Society in the Face of Science and Technology
When one looks around him now, he will see that man tends to find his happiness in
the works of modern technology. Smart phones, tablets, laptops that come in different
shapes and sizes with distinct features seem to be the measure of man’s value. Social
media has also affected he life on many. Face to face social interactions are being
lessened and people keep working hard to update their gadgets. There seems to be no
contentment as every time a new product is released, man finds another need that can
only be answered by a new product. These new products also tend to replace man in
the society as the demand for manual labor is becoming less and less because of the
availability of machineries.
The human condition is not of without hope. Heidegger argued that this can be
prevented if man will not allow himself to be overwhelmed with the enframing that he
was set upon, but he pause for a while and reflect on the value of what is presented
before him. A balance has to be struck between technology being instrumental and
anthropological. One has to understand that technology does not only concern the
means but also the end as one proverb goes, “The end does not justify the means”. For
Heidegger, the solution for this is that man would not be controlling and manipulative
of what he was set upon but to also allow nature to reveal itself to him. With this,
Heidegger stated that man will have free relationship with technology.
(Information above was adopted from Dy, Jaivy Marie from
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https://www.academia.edu/41160955/THE_HUMAN_PERSON_FLOURISHING_IN_TERMS_OF_SCIENCE)
Human Flourishing
In your own perspective, what is happiness?

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
________
Happiness………………….
• In psychology, it is a mental or emotional state of well-being which can be defined

by, among others, positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to
intense joy.
• To behaviorist, happiness is a cocktail of emotions we experience when we do

something good or positive.
• To neurologists, happiness is the experience of a flood of hormones released in the

brain as a reward for behavior that prolongs survival.
The hedonistic view of well-being is that happiness is the polar opposite of suffering; the
presence of happiness indicates the absence of pain. Because of this, hedonists believe that
the purpose of life is to maximize happiness, which minimizes misery.
What is Eudaimonia?
Coined by Aristotle (good spirited), a term that combines the words eu “good” and
daemon “spirit” to describe the ideology. Eudaimonia defines happiness as the pursuit
of becoming a better person. Eudaimonists do this by challenging in activities that make
them spiritually richer people.
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Nicomachean Ethics
Human flourishing arises as a result of different components such as;

• Phronesis
• Friendship
• Wealth
• Power
In Ancient Greek society, they believe that acquiring these will surely bring the seekers
happiness, which in effect allows them to partake in the greater notion of what we call the
Good. As time changes, elements that comprise human flourishing changed. People found
means to live more comfortably, explore more places, develop more products, and make
more money.
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Humans of today are expected to become “man of the world”. Supposed to situate himself
in a global neighborhood, working side by side among institutions and the government to
be able to reach a common goal.
Science Technology and Human Flourishing
Every discovery, innovation and success contributes to our pool of human knowledge.
Humans perpetual need to locate himself in the world by finding proofs to trace evolution.
Elicits our idea of self-importance. According to Heidegger, Technology is a human
activity we excel in as a result of achieving science.
Good is inherently related to the truth? Are you agree with that? Why? ______________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Science as Methods and Results
Science stems from objectivity brought upon by a rigid method, claim to reason and
empiricism. Steps in Scientific Method;
1. Observe
2. Determine the Problem
3. Formulate hypothesis
4. Conduct experiment
5. Gather and analyze
6. Formulate conclusion
7. Provide recommendation and share/report
Verification Theory and Falsification Theory
Verification Theory. A disciple is science if it can be confirmed or interpreted in the event

of an alternative hypothesis being accepted. Take into account those results which are
measurable and experiments which are repeatable.
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Falsification Theory. As long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can best explain
a phenomenon over alternative theories, we should accept the said ideology. Allowed
emergence of theories otherwise rejected by the verification theory.
Encourages research in order to determine which among the theories can stand the test of
falsification.
Karl Popper
• Aim at the production of new, falsifiable predictions
• Scientific practice is characterized by its continual effort to test theories against
experience and make revisions based on the outcomes of these tests

V. Learning Task
NAME: ________________________________________________________________
COURSE&BLOCK: _____________________________________________________
DATE: _________________________________________________________________
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 322
say. Your essay should be as well organized as carefully written as you can make it. Write
your answer on the space provided.
1. Why is technology not a human activity?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. What does Heidegger mean when he says that technology is “a way of revealing”?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Is happiness is a destination or a journey? Why?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
VI. References
https://www.academia.edu/41160955/THE_HUMAN_PERSON_FLOURISHING_IN_TERMS_OF_SC
IENCE
City of Olongapo
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VII. Rubrics

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organized
No grammatical,
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For Midterm… Please keep in touch for your next
instruction. Don’t forget to submit your activity in
module 5.
END OF MIDTERM TOPICS!

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Republic of the Philippines

Science Technology and Society

EXCLUSIVE for GORDON COLLEGE

College of Education Arts and Sciences

Course Code: GEC_07

Midterm Term Final Term Final Grade

Teaching and Learning Materials

Module 1: General Concepts and Historical Development

Module 2: Intellectual Revolution that defined Society

Module 3: Science and Technology and Nation Building

3. Identify actual science and d. Selected indigenous science and

2. Critique human flourishing vis-

1. Examine shared concerns that The Good Life • Graded Recitation

Module 6: When Technology and Humanity Cross

Module 7: Why the Future Does Not Need Us?

Module 8: Biodiversity and the Healthy Society

Module 9: The Information Age

• Zoom App/Google Meet • Individual/Group

DETAILED LEARNING MODULE

Title: Introduction: Science and Technology

1. Focuses on the Natural World

According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Technology is defined as the application of scientific

IV. Teaching and Learning Materials and Resources

ACTIVITY 1: Sci&Tech Quotes to reflect

ACTIVITY 2: COLLAGE MAKING

(PLEASE USE SEPARATE SHEET FOR THE COLLAGE.

Title: General Concepts and Historical Development

What do you expect to learn in this module?

VII. Learning Objectives

1. Identify the importance of studying science technology and society;

VIII. Topics and Key Concepts

The Role of Science and Technology

Fe Del Mundo in the field of Pediatrics

Spanish Colonial Era

American Period and Post Commonwealth Era

Post Commonwealth Era

IX. Teaching and Learning Materials and Resources

Are we good? If yes, you may now answer the

“I would prefer even to fail with honor than to win by cheating”

1. What is Science concerned with?

5. Institute of Science replaced into Bureau of Science in?

Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

Posted Posted Posted

Amazing, Job well done!

Title: Intellectual Revolution that defined Society

What is intellectual revolution?

II. Learning Objectives

1. Articulate ways by which society is transformed by science and

3. Enumerate scientific and technological advancement made by people and some

III. Topics and Key Concepts

Aristotle ( 384-322 B.C., Greek) Proved that the earth is spherical.

- They became very wealthy from taxes from conquered people

- Engineering – a system of roads that extend over 12,000 miles

IV. Teaching and Learning Materials and Resources

Are we good? If yes, you may now answer the

1. How intellectual revolution change the society?

2. Why do you think society need science and technology?

1. In contribution of ancient astronomers. Who proved that earth is spherical?

Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

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Amazing, Job well done!

Title: Science and Technology and Nation Building

II. Learning Objectives