SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

REQUIREMENT
ASSIGNMENT NO: 02
Name: Syed Hamza Ibrar Gillani
Roll No: Fall/2019/BSSE/060
Department: Software Engineering
Submitted To: Mam Zainab Khalid
 STREETLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
Abstract:
Nowadays, control systems in outdoor and
street lighting installations are more and more
popular. Many of the outdoor lighting
installations exist in direct precincts of buildings
with building automation and control systems
(BACS). In this paper we present case study with
an experimental BACS of outdoor lighting
system based on international standard ISO.
The event-based paradigm is the key feature of
it. Following the event-based approach we have
organized integrated platform to control our
Keywords: Street Lights, LDR sensor, PIR sensor, ARDUINO UNO,ARDIUINO NANO, SMOKE SENSOR,
COMPARATOR, WI-FI ESP MODULE(8266),
Project failure:
1: High consumption:
The first, without any doubt, is the high
consumption. Each year, in the world, several
trillion kWh are expended on street lighting. A
high consumption means a high amount of
generated energy, which in turn translates into
a high level of noxious emissions.
2: Maintenance of the system:
Secondly, there are difficulties related to the
maintenance of the system. How does the
experimental outdoor lighting system. In our
experiments we have been focused on
communication reliability, easy integration of
the control system and energy consumption
reduction. We describe proposed functional
strategies, the performed experiments and
analyses the results. The first stages of this
evaluation have shown that the event-based
BACS provide higher comfort and energy
reduction in the outdoor lighting.
Lighting network operator find out that a
certain lamp or a component of a street-light
came out of action and needs to be repaired or
replaced?
3: Billing of the street lighting:
Third, but no less important, is the problem
related to the billing of the street lighting
energy consumption. Another name for street
lighting is “unmetered load” – the bills the
municipalities have to pay are imprecise and are
based on calculations (parameterized
consumption vs working hours).
Business requirements:
At local and municipal level, public authorities
are in charge of providing street lighting as a
key public service for citizens’ safety. This,
however, represents a major cost for the local
government which can be challenging to
User requirements:
1: Information is paramount for any city:
Nowadays, arguably even more important
than direct energy savings. Whether its
information regarding the street lighting
(functionality, electrical parameters) or the
city itself (pollution sensors, for example), all
city managers prefer to rely on solid data to
optimize city process and operations.
2: Operation links to street lighting
functionality and maintenance:
Functions such as on/off/dimming are the
basics of any connected lighting system.
Autonomous operation, adaptive lighting and
maintenance optimization can further
support the cause of smart street lighting.  the entire system, synergistically. Recent
Accommodate and sustain. Moreover, it is still
common for municipalities to use outdated and
inefficient street lighting facilities which leads to
a higher energy consumption and increased
maintenance costs. An obsolete lighting system
can account for as much as 50% of a typical
city’s entire energy bill.
3: Optimization is based on information:
It needs not to be confused with it. It is an
entirely different process, and ignoring its
benefits may render any amount of valuable
information useless. It’s a continuous pursuit
that can be grounded on a city-wide
infrastructure like intelligent lighting.
4: Integration leads to synergy:
Smart lighting, smart traffic, smart waste
disposal, smart utilities are all good. Together,
they are even better. Many companies focus on
their area of expertise, but cities aim to improve
studies credit smart systems that are open to
integrations to lead the Smart city Revolution.
Materials:
1: Light Dependent Resistor:
The switching action of the street lights is
controlled by the LDR sensor. The resistance of
the photo resistor decreases with the increasing
intensity of the lights and vice-versa thus saving
the energy. Thus it is Very helpful in arranging
the light intensity as per the requirement of the
people and according to the atmospheric
conditions.
2: Motion or Sensor:
It helps in detection of obstacle on the roadside
areas. As soon as the vehicle or an obstacle
goes away the sunshine gets changed because
the sensor sense any object at the same time
the status (ON/OFF) of the road light are often
accessed from anywhere and anytime through
internet. The sensor is extremely helpful for the
detection of the over speeding of the vehicle. If
the vehicle crosses the required regulation on
the roadside or the streets of town then speed
can be controlled using buzzer.
3.3 Smoke Sensor:
The smoke sensor senses the smoke level
caused by the polluting gases mainly carbon
monoxide (CO) and greenhouse gases. It will
indicate the extend of the pollution caused by
the gases and displays it on the IOT panel to
point the pollution level. It will dedicate the
pollution level of the gases generally in the
particles per million (PPM). This is often proved
to be a very awfully advantageous for the case
where the extend of gases emitted by vehicles
polluting the environment is quite high. Thus it
helps to reduce the pollution of environment.
3.4 WI-FI Module:
The ESP-8266 may be a low cost Wi-Fi
microchip with full TCP/IP Transfer control
protocol/ Internet protocol). It makes the web
connectivity possible for the IOT panel.
3.5 Arduino Uno:
This Software (IDE) is an open source software
and it makes easy to the code and upload it to
the board. It runs on the different platform
Windows, MACOS, Java etc.
3.6 Arduino Nano:
The ARDUINO NANO may be a small, complete
and breadboard-friendly board supporting the
ATMEGA328P. It works with a Mini-USB cable 6-
20 V unregulated external power supply (pin
30). The ability source is automatically selected
to the very best voltage source. It’s mainly used
for doing the programming to control the
smoke sensor.
3.7 Voltage Regulator:
It is 1 Amp, 3 terminal devices which is used to
avoid thermal overload protection, short circuit
protection and output transistor safe area
operation.
3.8 Transformer:
A transformer could be a power converter that
transfers power from one circuit to a different
circuit through inductively coupled conductors
i.e. the transformer coils.
 Quality attributes:
 With new Auto Log PLCBUS- technology
you can achieve up to 65% energy,
CO2 and money savings compared to
conventional "ON/OFF" controlling.
 Additional energy savings by optimizing
burning times at off-peak traffic hours.
 Substantial maintenance cost savings by
detecting burned lamps.
 Easy to install to existing street light
systems, doesn't need new lamps, main
cables or big dimming transformers –
economical.
 More flexibility and scalability, free
street light network form. Controls are
send using Power Line Communication
-method.
 Automatic voltage detection and
compensation in the end of the power
line branches - lights doesn't blink even
if low voltage is used.
 Allows longer cables, controllers have
communication signal repeater
function.
 65% energy saving leads to 65% money
saving and 65% lower carbon dioxide
emission!
 Continuous power supply to control
units enables implementation of other
applications such as the powering of
Wi-Fi terminals and video surveillance
cameras.
 Allows Remote Street lights control so
that lights can be easily controlled
ON/OFF on special situations.
 Based on rock solid Auto Log RTU
technology. (Used since 1976 in
10.000+ apps.)
 Wide operating range -30°...+70°C.
 Reliable GSM/GPRS and SMS as a
backup communication. Advanced GSM
communication functions.
 Web based, multi featured interface for
managing street lights.
 Centralized and shared information
about street lights. Burning hours,
energy
consumptions, broken lights etc. can be
turned into graphical reports.
 Same system can be used also in other
municipal applications like pump
stations, buildings, district heating,
dumps etc.
 Short payback time.
 More than 120.000 street lights are
controlled with Auto Log Save light!
Functional Requirements:
Point’s supervision:
Node status, whether it is connected to the
network or not; battery power; lifetime
estimation for battery and lamp; and LEDs
luminosity level.
Control:
switch on/off the luminosity level lamp; switch
on/off a lamp post, a selected segment, a
street, neighborhood, city, etc.; 342 Energy
Efficiency – The Innovative Ways for Smart
Energy, the Future Towards Modern Utilities
Non-Functional Requirements:
Scalability:
When proposing an approach to sensor
networks, it is important to consider that the
project should apply to small (up to 25 nodes),
medium (25 to 103 nodes), or large networks
(102 to 107 nodes);
• Fault tolerance:
Depending on the physical conditions, it may be
necessary to adopt sensor nodes with special
characteristics. In addition, due to difficult
accessibility in some environments, it may be
unmanageable to replace damaged nodes or
batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to provide
sensor nodes with adaptive capacities to deal
with unstable environments. In the type of
application described in this work, nodes must
Automatic programmed actions:
For example, the city lights should be turned on
at 7 PM; • actuate the nodes through a remote
tool: besides the automatic actions, the
operator should be able to select a region
through a remote tool to actuate;
Diagnostic and alarms:
Trigger an event when a network, hardware or
lamp failure occurs;
Automation of information storage:
Mechanisms automating the storage process of
related street lighting information (geodesic
coordinates supplied for electrical companies)
should be applied to simplify and streamline the
process.
support high temperatures and heavy rain.
Considering the failures related to Sensor. -
• Delivery Guarantee:
Regarding the unstable wireless
communication nature, because of external
interference and/or electronic noise, it is
necessary to create a point-to-point
acknowledgment mechanism, which is a
consensus among researches in the wireless
network area. End-to-end confirmation
messages are implemented in higher layers,
preferably in the transport layer (TCP);
• Lifetime:
Sensor nodes depend on batteries, which
require the use of efficient protocols in
energetic terms. However, for this project,
most sensor nodes are powered by energy
cables that are already used in current street
lighting structures.
Results:
The project aims were to scale back the
side effects of this street lightning system,
and find an answer to avoid wasting power.
During this project the primary thing to try
and do, is to organize the inputs and
outputs of the system to regulate the lights
of the road.
This project could be a cost effective,
practical, eco-friendly and also the safest
thanks to save energy and this method the
sunshine status information is accessed
from anytime and anywhere.
It clearly tackles the two problems that
world is facing today saving of energy and
also disposal of incandescent lamps, very
efficiently.
CONCLUSION:
IOT BASDED STREET LIGHTNING SYSTEM could
be a multi-functional element because of their
ability to include the software and therefore,
the hardware controls of the electrical network.
Thus we are saying that these are the foremost
effective means of operating and controlling the
intensity of the road lights being installed at the
Highways and within the cities. The long run
scope of this project expands into speed
detection and customizable area of
Illumination. This project could be a cost
effective, practical, eco-friendly and the safest
thanks to save energy and this system the light
status information can be accessed from
anytime and anywhere. It clearly tackles the
two problems that world is facing today, saving
of energy and also disposal of incandescent
lamps, very efficiently.
With the advances in the technology and good
resource planning the price the project are
often slow down and also with the employment
of fine equipment the upkeep may also be
reduced in terms of the periodic checks. The
LED’S have the long life, emit cool light, donor
have any toxic material and may be used for
fast switching. For these reasons our project
presents far more advantages which can
overshadow the present limitation.
Keeping visible the long run benefits and
therefore the initial cost would never be an
issue because the investment return time is
extremely less. The project has scope in various
other applications like for providing lightning in
industries, campuses and parking plenty of huge
shopping malls. This may even be used for
surveillance in corporate campuses and
industries.
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