CYRIL POTTER COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

PRE-SERVICE PRE-VOCATIONAL PROGRAMME

HEALTH AND FAMILY LIFE

PORTFOLIO

1 Health and Family Life

NAME: Raven Rogers

CLASS: PV1B

LECTURER: Ms. Sharon Murray

DATE: January 5, 2021

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Life Skills Education
Human Development
Human Sexuality
Sexual Relationships
Diseases Associated with Sex
Diseases and Family Life
The Health Triangle
Healthy Habits
Healthy Lifestyle
Stress
Diseases
2 Health and Family Life
Types of Environment
Self-Exploration
Managing the Environment
Conservation
Resources
Natural Hazards
Conclusion
References
 LIFE SKILLS

Life skills are a set of basic skills that can be gained through life experiences that an individual

goes through in life. They touch on issues that are real, sensitive, controversial and moral.

These life skills include:

 Creativity (creative thinking)

 Problem solving

 Critical thinking

 Decision making

 Communication Skills

 Interpersonal relationship

3  Self-awareness Health and Family Life

 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Human development refers to the biological and psychological development of the human being

throughout the lifespan. It consists of the development from infancy, childhood, and adolescence

to adulthood.

HUMAN SEXUALITY

Human sexuality is the way persons are able to express themselves sexually. It encompasses sex,

gender roles and identities, sexual orientation, intimacy, pleasure and reproduction, and it

represents oneself sociologically and psychologically. Sexuality plays a major role in ones life,
4 Health and Family Life
whether young, old, or of a different race.

Sexuality myths and facts

Sexual myths can come with serious consequences if the facts are not clear. Some myths can be

seen below.

Sexual Myth Sexual Facts

Being on a pill prevents you from getting Contraceptive pill only prevents pregnancy,

STIs not STI.

Pulling out protects from pregnancy and STIs The Withdrawal method does not protect

against anything.
Double the condom, double the protection. Just one condom is needed if used properly.

Using two condoms at once can cause them to

 break easily.
Penetrative sex cannot give you an STI SITs spread from skin to skin contact and in

bodily fluids.
Limited sexual partners mean no sexual One needs to do regular sexual health

health checkup. checkups even if they have one sexual

partner. Some STIs do not show or cause any

symptoms.
Only gay men can get HIV All genders can contract HIV if persons are

having unprotected sex, share needles, etc.

STI cannot be contracted from oral sex. Not all STI are transmitted through oral sex.

However, some are and can be transferred

through bodily fluids or skin contact.

Peeing or douching after sex protects against Sperm travels through the vagina as soon as

pregnancy. the male ejaculates. The speed at which it

5 Health
travels cannot be caught and Family
through washingLife
or

douching.
You can use a condom more than once if you Condoms can only be used once. They should

wash it properly. NEVER be used twice.

SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS

Building Sexual Relationships

Cause of Problems in Sexual Relationships

 Solution of Sex Problems

Inappropriate Sexual Behaviours

DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH SEX

Types of diseases
6 Health and Family Life
Sexual Transmitted Diseases

These are caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites, and can be passed around by skin-to-skin

contact and bodily fluids. If the mother is pregnant, it can cause serious health complications for

the unborn child. Some who contracted the disease do not show symptoms, while others show

symptoms such as

- sores or warts on the genital area

- Itching and redness in the genital area
- Anal itching, soreness, or bleeding
- Unusual discharge from penis or vagina
- Blisters or sores in or around the mouth
- Painful or frequent urination
- Abnormal vaginal odor
- Abdominal pain
- Fever
 Some STDs are

Chlamydia

This is a common sexually transmitted disease that is

caused by a bacteria called chlamydia trachomatis and can

affect both genders. Women can be affected in areas such

as the cervix, throat and rectum, while men can be affected

inside of the penis, throat or rectum. It is more common in

young people, especially women. This can be transferred

through oral, anal or vaginal sex with someone who has the infection, or to a child whose mother

has the infection. Symptoms may not show until several weeks after having sex with an infected

partner. Symptoms include abnormal discharge, strong smell, burning sensation and pain during

7 intercourse. Health and Family Life

Genital Herpes

This is an STD caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). It

causes sores on one’s thighs, buttocks, rectal or genital area and

can se spread if an infected person has sex with others who do

not have the disease. The sores appear in areas where the virus

has entered the body. They can cause one to experience painful

outbreaks. Mothers who are infected can also pass the disease unto their newborn babies, and can

also affect persons with weak immune systems.

Gonorrhea
 While gonorrhea show little to no symptoms, they can cause painful urination and discharge

from pubic areas. In women, it can cause bleeding between periods, painful urination and can

later cause problems with pelvic inflammatory disease, which may lead to pregnancy and

infertility as well. Likewise in men, it can affect prostate and testicles. Treating this disease can

be difficult because the drugs being used are becoming more resistant to the bacteria.

HIV/AIDS

Also known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus and

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, this disease has no

cure. However, treatment is available to help someone who

maybe affected by the virus. HIV is the first stage of the

virus. It destroys the white blood cells that are responsible for

8 fighting infection, which destroys Health

your and Family
immune Life
system,

making you prone to certain cancers and infections. AIDs is the second stage of the infection

which indicates that your body is badly affected by HIV. However, due to the medication, not

everyone with HIV develops AIDs. This disease can be spread through unprotected sex, sharing

needles, the blood of someone who is HIV positive, if the person who is infected has protected

sex and the condom breaks, a mother breastfeeding her child or during pregnancy. HIV shows

flu-like symptoms, so it is important to have regular checkups, or abstain from sexual activities.

HPV

Also known as the Human papillomavirus, this is a

common group related virus that can cause warts

on various parts of the body. They can be passed

 on through skin-to-skin contact, reaching in places like the mouth, anus, throat and genitals. High

risk HPV are cancerous. The infection cannot be treated. However, they can be surgically

removed.

Pubic Lice

These are also known as crabs and they are tiny insects that

resides in the genital areas of people. They feed off blood of

humans and can be passed on through sexual contact. They

can be killed using a lice-killing lotion.

Syphilis

This is caused by a bacteria infection passed from the

lips, genital area, mouth, anus of someone who is

9 Health and Family Life
infected. It creates a sore if not treated can turn into a

non-itchy rash.

Prevention and Treatment of STI

Persons who are sexually active should have regular checkups since many STDs do not show

symptoms. They can be diagnosed during blood tests, physical or microscopic examinations of

sores or fluids swabbed from the vagina, penis or anus.

Antibiotics can treat those STDs caused by bacteria or parasites. However, while STIs are treatable,

STDs have no cure. Instead, the medication helps to lower the risk of spreading the infection.

Treatment of injections can also come in the form of vaccines against HPV and hepatitis B.
 Using latex condoms correctly can greatly reduce the risk of infection to one’s sexual partner.

This does not give 100% protection against infections. However, to prevent the spread of STDs,

it is best to abstain from vaginal, oral or anal sex. This is said to be the most reliable way to

avoid infection.

Sexual Abuse and the Law

Human Rights and HIV

10 Health and Family Life

DISEASES AND FAMILY LIFE

Effects of disease on Family Life

Diseases are abnormal conditions that negatively affect the structure or function of all or part of

the organism. When serious illness or disability strikes a person, the family as a whole is affected

by the disease process and by the entire health care experience. These affections can be both

psychologically and emotionally. They can also experience disruption of leisure activities,

affection of their interpersonal relationships and financial resources. However, there may be

some aspects which attain dominance in one particular disease as compared to other diseases.
 Middle aged adults whose children have just left home may need to alter their plans and goals to

accommodate care needs for aging parents.

Emotional impact

Family members suffer greatly from the emotional effects of living with, and caring for, a

relative with a disease, with the impact of some diseases being felt by every member of the

family. The psychological distress felt by family members often results from their feelings of

helplessness and lack of control. Many different emotions mentioned by family members

includes the feeling of guilt, anger, worry, upset, frustration, embarrassment, despair, loss, relief.

Each emotion affects family members in different ways and to different extents, often depending

on the disease severity of the patient and the period of time that has passed since the diagnosis.

Financial impact

11 Health and Family Life

One of the greatest burdens on family members of patients is the financial cost to the family.

This can include treatment and examination costs, transport to appointments, the cost of hiring a

car, adapting their home environment and special dietary costs. The difficulties involved in

accessing funding are greater in low income families, who often receive minimal support and

face greater problems with social functioning and relationships. The financial strains felt by

family members of patients often lead to stress and worry. For example, if a man who is the

primary income producer in a family has a heart attack, his wife may have to return to work,

increase working hours if she is already employed, or become the family’s breadwinner.

Impact on family relationships

Family members of patients experience a negative effect on their family relationships, both

between the relative and the patient, and between other members of the family as a result of the
 patient’s illness. Poor family relationships do not bode well for chronic disease management

regardless of the disease and often family members find relationships difficult as they do not

know how to emotionally support each other. In particular, relatives struggle to deal with patients

whose beliefs, outlook, and behavior have altered as a consequence of their disease.

Partners of patients experience a negative effect on their sex lives as a result of the patient’s

disease, often as a result of the patient’s symptoms or not having time to spend together as a

couple due to another family member’s illness. It can lead to friction between couples, and in

some cases can lead to the breakdown of relationships, or partners seeking sexual encounters

outside the relationship.

However, in some families, relationships can grow stronger as the family members work

together to help each other and become more closely knit.

12 Health and Family Life

Education and work

Living with, or caring for, a relative with a disease can have a large impact on the education and

careers of family members. This could include disruption of school work in siblings or children

of the patients, or the employment of adults being affected and the burden of care placed upon

them.

For example, when a working parent is up most of the night trying to console a child with an ear

infection, the parent not only loses sleep, but must either arrange for emergent child care or take

a day off from work.

Leisure time
 An important part of a family’s relationship is family members being able to participate in the

hobbies they enjoy. The barriers that prevent families from taking advantage of leisure

opportunities are link into other domains of family quality of life, including lack of time due to

the responsibilities of care, limited finance, and lack of support available. Family members also

find difficulty in taking family holidays, often depending on the disease state of their relative.

Social impact

The burden on family members caring for a person with a disease has a drastic effect on their

social lives. Mothers caring for disabled children felt that their lives were so different from their

friends and felt that they could only contribute to depressing conversations, and therefore lost

friends or friends drifting away as a result of not understanding the family’s situation. Also a

large number of individuals with diseases that affect their physical aspect or visual signs of the

13 Health and
disease can be affected by social disruption for fear of strangers’ reaction to Family Life
their visible

condition.

Daily activities

Normally each person in a family plays a specific role that is part of the family’s everyday

functioning and the illness of one family member can disrupt the whole family. When a family

member becomes ill, other family members must alter their lifestyle and take on some of the role

functions of the ill person, which in turn affects their own normal role functioning. For example,

if the person who does most of the family’s cooking has surgery and can’t shop or prepare meals

for several weeks, other family members must take on this responsibility in addition to the tasks

they already do.

 Prevention/Treatment

The prevention and treatment of disease that effect family life is not as precise as it sounds

because there are so many possible diseases that can affect any one at any time. So the best way

to prevent is by practicing good hygiene, maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating a lot of fruits

and vegetables and exercising regularly, take regular checkups at the doctor especially if there is

family history of hypertension, Diabetes, Cancer, Asthma, etc; Genetic counselling for persons

with hereditary diseases, psychologists to help them to deal with the present situation, etc.

On a financial aspect, families should put aside monies in case of emergency. So that they can

be better prepared for the situation if it arises.

14 Health and Family Life

DEFINITION OF HEALTH

Health can be defined as the complete state of one’s physical, mental and social well-being;

being sound and free from physical pain or disease.

The Health Triangle

Factors Affecting Health (We Are What We Eat)

HEALTHY HABITS
 Balancing Nutrients from the Food Groups

Reading labels

HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

Factors affecting a Healthy Lifestyle

Achieving fitness

15 Health and Family Life

STRESS

Definition

Types

Causes and Signs

 Coping with Stress

DISEASES

Diseases Associated with Inappropriate Food Choices

Having an imbalanced diet and making poor food choices affects your overall health. The foods

you put in your body directly impact how you feel, your weight and your risk of developing

chronic diseases.

Fatigue

Your diet affects how you feel. Eating a meal that is loaded with calories makes you feel
16 Health and Family Life
sluggish and rundown. Over time, you may gain weight, which can impact your physical activity

level. Without exercise, you may constantly feel tired and fatigued. It takes an excess of 3,500

calories in your diet to gain 1 pound of body weight. For example, if you head to the drive-thru

at lunch three days per week and have a 1,000-calorie meal consisting of a double cheeseburger,

large fries and a large regular soda, you may gain more than 3 pounds of weight in a one-month

period. Cutting just 500 calories from your daily diet, burning 500 calories or a combination of

both helps you to lose up to 1 pound per week. As you start to shed pounds, you'll want to be

more active, which boosts your energy levels.

Overweight and Obesity

Eating a healthy diet, along with getting enough physical activity and sleep, can help children

grow up healthy and prevent overweight and obesity.

 Heart Disease and stroke

Having a diet high in fat, particularly saturated and trans fat, increases your risk of developing

heart disease. Saturated fat from cheese, burgers, sausage, bacon, whole milk and other animal-

based foods elevates low-density lipoprotein in your blood. As this harmful cholesterol builds

up, it causes a buildup of plaque in arteries thereby stiffening it and forces your heart to work

harder to push blood through. The extra workload on your heart makes it weak over time and

increases your chances of having a heart attack. Trans fats can be natural or artificial, but both

types are equally harmful. Trans fats raise damaging low-density lipoprotein, but they also lower

good high-density lipoprotein. Many animal-based foods have small amounts of naturally

occurring trans fats that you cannot avoid entirely. Processed foods, like certain types of

margarine, cakes, cookies, candies and chips, have added artificial trans fats that can be avoided,

17 since these foods are not necessary part of a healthy diet. Also high consumption of Family
Health and foods rich
Lifein
salt can cause an increase risk in developing hypertension.

Bowel Problems

Having a poor diet filled with unhealthy foods leads to problems in your digestive tract, since

you probably do not meet your daily fiber recommendation. You might have excessive gas,

episodes of diarrhea or suffer from constipation, meaning you are unable to have bowel

movements for days or strain when you use the restroom. The extra fat in some types of

unhealthy foods further aggravates your digestive tract. Lessen these uncomfortable side effects

by opting for whole-wheat bread, wraps or buns whenever possible. Pile veggies onto your

burger or opt for a salad to boost your fiber intake. Always ask for any condiments or dressing

on the side so that you control exactly how much you put on to avoid consuming to much fat.
 Also eating fast food have a high risk of developing diarrheal diseases and vomiting from bad

food handling and hygiene from the suppliers.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body does not make enough insulin or when the insulin you

make is difficult for your body to use. Sugar in your blood, called glucose, elevates to unsafe

levels, which leads to kidney disease, heart problems and eye disease. One of the main causes of

Type 2 diabetes is being overweight. Since you are more likely to gain weight by making poor

food choices, your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes increases. If you have Type 2 diabetes and

take medication to stabilize blood sugar, losing weight can minimize negative effects of the

disorder. Eventually you may not have to take your medications, reports the National Digestive

Diseases Information Clearinghouse.

18 Health and Family Life

Cancer

An unhealthy diet can increase the risk of some cancers. Overweight and obesity are associated

with at least 13 types of cancer, including endometrial (uterine) cancer, breast cancer in

postmenopausal women, and colorectal cancer. These cancers make up 40% of all cancers

diagnosed.

Deficits in Brain Function

The brain develops most quickly in the first 1,000 days of life, from the start of pregnancy to the

child’s second birthday. Having low levels of iron during pregnancy and early childhood for lack

of incorporating food with such nutrients can be associated with mental and behavioral delays in

children. Ensuring that iodine levels are high enough during pregnancy also helps a growing

baby have the best brain development possible.

 Undernutrition

When we eat food it goes through a digestive process. Part of this process involves absorbing

vitamins and minerals from that food and distributing it into the bloodstream and around our

body. Such disease can be as follows:

Development of Osteomalacia or Rickets

Osteomalacia and rickets are caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium or phosphate.

Osteomalacia occurs in adults, while rickets occurs in children. Osteomalacia and rickets cause

soft, weak bones, pain and muscle weakness for lack of incorporation of food rich in vitamin D.

Sometimes these diseases result from an inability to absorb vitamin D or not getting enough

sunlight so that your body can make its own vitamin D. Vitamin D also regulates blood levels of

calcium and phosphate. These diseases can also occur from not getting enough vitamin D,
19 Health and Family Life
calcium or phosphorus in the diet. These vitamins are found in dairy products, fortified foods and

vegetables. Replacing the missing nutrients in the diet will relieve most symptoms of these

diseases.

Development of Scurvy

Scurvy is caused by the lack or deficiency of vitamin C which is needed for the synthesis of

collagen in human beings. This causes bleeding gums, bad healing of wounds, purpuras in the

feet, etc.

Other diseases can be beriberi, anemia, glottis for deficiency of vitamin B; kwashiorkor,

marasmus, night blindness for deficiency of vitamin B, etc.

 Prevention, Treatment and Control of Diseases

Making changes to your diet and losing a moderate amount of weight improve your blood

pressure levels, lower blood cholesterol and lessen your risk of suffering serious chronic

illnesses. This can be done by:

1. Incorporating more fruits and veggies in your diet. Aim for two servings of fruit and five

servings of veggies each day. For example, you can start your morning with a bowl of

oatmeal and some blueberries.

2. Eat less saturated and trans fats. Read the labels for the products you are purchasing. You

may be surprised at the ingredients.

3. Eat less salt. Make a conscious effort to put less and less salt on your food, until just a

dash is all you need.

20 4. Eat less sugar. Try substituting honey in your coffee and opt for Health and Family
less sugary Life
desserts. For

instance, if you are craving dessert, try blending frozen bananas and topping it some

strawberries.

5. Drink more water and aim for drinking half your body weight in ounces. Choosing water

over sugary drinks can help you lose weight, clear your complexion, and, since our

bodies are made up of 70% water, you may feel healthier all around.

6. Check your portions. Fill half of your dinner plate with a variety of vegetables or salad,

add lean protein foods such as meat, fish, chicken or legumes (chickpeas, lentils, kidney

beans etc.) to take up a quarter of the plate, last add in grain foods such as rice, pasta or

noodles to take up the remaining quarter of the plate.

7. Plan ahead. One of the main reasons people end up eating fast food or a bag of chips is

because they are in a rush. Plan out your meals on the weekends, including your snacks,
 and purchase only what you need and prep your food. This will not only help you eat

healthier, but it will also save you money.

8. If you are concerned about your nutritional habits, it is best to discuss your options with

your health care provider or a dietetic nutritionist.

9. Exercise regularly.

10. Maintain a proper hygiene and wash hands and food before consumption.

TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
21 Health and Family Life
Physical

Psychosocial

Economic

Cyberspace

SELF-EXPLORATION

Exploring environmental issues

Bullying

Pollutants
 Trauma

climate change

noise pollution

MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT

Industrial waste management

Waste disposal

22 Health and Family Life

How individuals/ families contribute to the management of the environment

CONVERSATION

The three R’s of conservation

Materials that cause less pollution

RESOURCES
 Examples of land resources

Care of land resources

NATURAL HAZARDS

Types of natural hazards

Preparing for natural hazards

23 Health and Family Life