Sub :. L Es ~ Timer ates 7 7 -[/ Organic chemist: = aa Physics | Liv noilsint allah | ] Hao types” ' styuchunil s fe ero isomericm a a tyes ™merism fay? Bes rE 3° § cnbdusetenal cfm hada Pettin | chain | oustomei- onigeet ™ oon Out Sunelional ae ie » ™ Mekamepism, igs ‘ell oft isomers: af the molecular forma ; of “hao compounds and ae bide. thoy Tre diMerent: tiny at least ome physteal or chemical peroperty , hey are called isomers . Struckeral Tsomers ¢ gare molecular formula. + dthferent phy sical” oy chemical properties . ! Steresisomens ; same. molecular tormule & stracuves a di ffexert: thege dimonsi onal ‘configuration or diftosent~ behaviour to the plane of Light.Key peints ; ae 4) Sarna molecular structure. |! 1 WDiediHorence lin number off carbers | OW) difference in word rook in Tupac, naming - n yoot- ain . WY) same. Sunelional groups | uw : Y word voot dill be,, Sane in goreral ad # methane (cttg) ethane (ey tg) &. Propant (eats) cant shoo the proparttes + isomoricm . - 1 CHa boctane* { ‘oat me \ aes GHt0 4) etigrcty -cHy- cH i) eg—eH— Chg 2 i i ' — butane. coon Tog ebuchanw. “a © Tupae? 2-methy| propane Porrtane C5 Hig om eu J CHCl eH“ Ha—ehis WY cacy duchy et ee ae i pan Hi) cg celts Tupne; 2*mefhy| eckane dag = Neo —pertane: Tupqe + 2,2-dimothy| propang. Vat] 997 liturn l= Ke CH, “CHS toed h nee -+ tt {605 { — ) CHa Hy —CHy— CH) Nomar Sone tane STee = 7 is a Deg en ery “eg icy " igo - hexane 2-methy) , partane. ii) CHO-eHy ClCH) ~CHy. 9, guithelkyl hese! pardon ry) cHg cH tH eH eng oe o- dish judane. dng dig, poi | CHS gs oy War y) i q @ a, | Hg ey — a H3 Neo - ae ge naming) np, Ty Acs wat di imethy] beta we ‘Humber of Shucloral S | - f. Teomars of Alkane f a bas [umber of isomers | [ramg}.2) Faamber]?/ aa 2 N ‘boctan SE 2 Tonane. a5 | pentane .. 2 Loo gp decane 75 tikka sinh Und ecane 459 wi 35 ' heptane. au 2 dodecane. 5 hg! eit) exception: — eg~ = aHy~ ¢~ Cg (I50-octane,) che || Ns¢ 6: when The mumbar of. Carbon ihckease, We; Car creode amore branch, ree isomors vyemoving the carbonSub ee 7" ong by, one, rom, yoot) chofn , | [poston Keone) Hot pets: )) 4unctioinal: girupst will, have + be sara. . 1) Junction e SGrety 7 arers will be in difle- vert posttion: hy ii) Word, rooty, atlh be same ar torent iy) of course, same molecular For mele . 4 There would be ab least four ‘carlons i) olKene. to shod the properties of position isomerigm Example ¢ o ue ons haycd es ely eH Cha (no isomer) ee ~ Oe Fane 3 i) eng eye eng’ 6g “CH=CH w —cHg bub == one dvr oy lou. 2-2 of b." Op Para “Cpavallel) ortho (closer Se ane 9) Frets “many structural isomarg . forts can form? a 6 oe D9 pes ps Vee" - 9| | So, beat i or, m—propanol- rr) “id any oe Somers @,Ho Gr Bave ® 2 2 Y 3 4 de Teohartsm of Alkyle Group _ Gased compound ' ata a alkane — ant + yle —p alkyle b- |These_) CH ent rig Le is ch3 ~ eatin) ( ‘ 4 Neve CoHe aa Cs Hy (cthyte) | mo Isomers wed palsy ! } bucks cy hay chy ‘ pe ! a | Oe con -vemove., hy drogen in Ro dit $erent: Bays tom this comp ounde 1 =H (from) a re, Cg ehe- cha, Te CHR AH hy = a propyb, . —H yom y vee CHE ~CHe — cH =P Gem), ‘cus- du CHg ion 1 Lt iso ppy * eng en, eth ow | Fan [paw erty 1 ~ propyte alcafied ehg- Ch -CHa, o - propyle aleohoh|| sub: pentant have, Ado isomers . . de butane, - Goma) a butyl ie ee , ch SO 2h ae chg- ey eH, 8 9 cHg-cHy-chy-chg +o — Br 7 CHg- eHy —CH-CHY —Hefrom yy Dk Soa: 7. : see~butyle bromiae. chs -H Grom) Hg ; 0. Ciig— duels FBR on oe -¢Ha- br 3 i50-butyle: bromide. +t Br CHS 'Hramy” Hang 7883) () \ topfary- tostyle bromide FNS B3 it a al alkyle group: “stays, at the oppesite cstner of the sida where ee is engages inves) in murmoar 2 carbon it vil te clted iso ~ alley. halide, & if yy : 77 will be mansd as meo- all halide, | VRentan. hes three isomers 2 nz uv Beier Hg Chg“ CHy “es Cty epinit :s eiycttyaho oh vo Lucho) cH, ai ~eeng . CHa —Ch. cH cH) -CH ie 1 > anGromap OP onary at 9d & Ch é —chy cy! toy ' Hg ' ‘ ch Ty)? Cay &— CHy-Gr, I ' i hs hikey | CHE neo !portyle bromide.] S35 CHa = CHy = tl-CHy Br cng. Br | o ‘ a J chy CH CHCHS —CH-¢H \ yo! Atty "3 Ha -CH) Br {| Cgc ~CHQ “12 Wok ytd oe . cy | S0 otal isomers aw i cunt meng-th | ‘ * oye : ! as } : aight (@) ‘in rauinber . > Ny t The’ mumber of alkyl. gree peeled or derives from | \ ero}| hexane is sevenken Gt) . a : a Fiydrogen svAln fhe We ae saturated, “Wydeoerb Galkers) ath “Tendon gee ov molecule o coe Oe wil be 1 the Wy yy OS : fia [abe 4 make wall the, socal 3 similion' a _nenkionl above . * (Gains ote) alkyl group “compound no. of- Structural \comers 1@® cies aheei CHAOH, CHack gS © CHa™'s Co Hp TA, gots CHeh iat ‘@ cy Hae CalzOHs Coy ca 2 tionat © Cy Hg Po qty» SH Cy Hare . Dory coin Deets ot et it Cols (on » SMe ole # This Gill valid oy gither aledhol & yard - ® C6 Aya”_ Sub : pro} nals (osite pink 49%) ' zener) groups . oo Csulphos) , : ialso Searels tg HaDr OG. ty -a- “cg methyle ethanoate iL (Fart somerisim aint Kerpsintst same! molecular » formula , 2) difforent—-functi onal igroeR,- iii) same or different) word root . Erxample2 "ley, cHy CHO! LA C37 OrtHS Jae pro “ee psint wet) yl Key poi Kez polite: 5) ame enctional grows. ii) Same molecular formula... iy inepiali ities erst) in pene of carbons of alkyle greve on bells either! sida’ of al polly Valent i positional iy) - 15 /also.) ean ba a “peo Teomerism . Poly valent groups —> -é (orb!) —0- Coxyae"), ah ~ (secondary arhing) Ko- RX ’ J oO Ges) ’ ee ae Canhydride) , oe oe (ester). a sedsrevy 4 akahol “Og sf Oo CHT, NSH efhyle,, mmethanoate,{} Sub eae: Ester 1S named: as alkyle alkanciate. ohh peep “ef elleye if ceebeeta “fo joxggen iS mamd, | alkyl, because ‘his Port comes! trom an aleohok. | othe gar ic named! “alkansite becatese that comes trom “act Oe all i Acid + Aleahol — Ester ep Water : byrrqause of fragrance, Example: \| ° tay = wy oOhy I 4 Nido CH aT © Ging eto theme Sy | Smaller (Hg - OY Cig _ ‘chy: - = len)= DGE = 3- Sr haa ra Ne ea =A te bond = arring tlig-cH= CHy ie prop-a—ene Or © cn, sen, “Ceyed propena, ple G “y a @ egh A “ats >? DEEN = 4 - 95 494/45 Veuth eat double Word = * ving!‘hg = edie CHa—CH= ¢H-CH3, thy oy gE = chy buct-2-eng_ chy eng Chg 2-methyle prop CH9> CHy~ CH=CH a a Fae | but —a-ene. butane. enon 2 methyle eelo propane i bictené ( (Hs) has tive ©) struchiral vigomers. @ ee G Hau) > DoR= = 194 & a bok st. wu Sh, double land. = dring (LEC, a c Aye sll ine 7 ye SHe oe (oHg chig> oe nn | Cote c= Cy pent-2-ena. 2=methylebut~4—ene i} Ch : re Petg- tien = =H 2-methyle bud ‘by 3-melhyle but-41— Q-ene | ae i ene, ( At (ati chy 7 cH : a Ue eA , NT atte 4 pea ol a ZX Cha cthyle cycle ro 7 1 propane oe Hac — every 1 ne ae fete dima ve | ve ee « cyclo prop (ten A ke 7 | I) Cctoperd eh i || mathyle cyclo, ane propane butane 1, 1- dimethyle cycloSub :, | diene. 4 Calg cw sina aia 9 cio) rad, POR 2 : i ew, — CL g-methyle eyelo : ene cH | ! So, me of “chain siructeral fsomers {6 five and ving isomers ig five. So a ean form mee a isomers . @ iH (belyr)—> Dees 4- eee = Ge bond = Bring A aaa ating a Ma toond or = ae ee HytHC=CiH-cH3)) i ) ae b a— Cate tan, 8 ad nh. a Hye =cH — CH= CH) Hese-GHy 1 BASE Gttg | buk-scynt | but-2- yne. _ > butta ase diene + | ie 3) eR ap 3-ene cH — Prop | | 20H 4 Sa eX. eyclo put-1- Wg® reel “s eng . cacmrathyle ayclo prop-1-ene tad chain + 9ring = 9 totak isomers of | , ' wb— formule /Some amagied Lo find ee shuclurol pamalrs CaHongy alkane. & branch 5 Hae. Bar 3, tsomers ( ‘ fence af Ca Hon — alkenw, branch & cyclic alkane, | Bemle. 3 Caton» alloy, , alKadiene bicyelic alkane, cytic alkene , oan & ring chain isomers . Formula 4 AE! Oy Hy > allie ! Ketone, unsaturated coho @a- oh) » unsaturated ethers , eel evclic || Prop-a-enok abeshos , branch, chain & ving chain Vsomorsd. + evelic ether, Exam Example: Ca Heo a oe ' oe oT ite = =CHMo ~cr, CHB CH=CH wif methoty ohhene Clie ae Propanone. (Ketone) most” Used ‘solvent Cec by Cnc chon propanale Peop- 2-2h-41- ol \. Hae—¢ =¢H) SH (prep -t-ent-a-of)=>; | CaHg? : ' | ane ogi o ep ey “| ys cea CH 0 A ia! eH, — CH | ie CHa —cHp_ _ Caco 6 chain+ 9 eyetic = otal 9 structural tsomers ob, . : « wa, Re Sues ¢ dra® ght “cydic alechols & alhers aith form i" C,,He® . Salve i ¢ OE = e_ "4% ta 24-5 4044 =4 double \ cA : =4 ving ' a oo a CRY 6 i Ca CH \ a bul 5 0 Ch — eH, 1, GR?” ZN wa ( CHe0 aman CHE 1p ye — 3 oo ee cH cite * ba cha. Che ‘CH, —~CH -0-cH a. nie 3 i Chy— CH— CMa OH ou on | ey | ite Cacho \.20hd eS i ie chy— CH, cH, — CH ih COA on, Q S chy ' 19 Chy hy QH F cyclic esters +4 eyelic alechels, = total ad eydic esters & alechdls .uous: ‘ cnHanaa? — “sclurated .alechols “ad ethers, branch and chain isomers . mo. of Carbon 22 265 %H tee j- mo deubse bord or ving is possi CHy CH OH ,CHlg—0 cig Cw rt 2 isomers | @, HgO 3 He a _ CHa ty CL oH Chg fee. CHgn eet 83 propa —a—ah propan-9-Ok anethoxy ethane. : Cah 22 C4 H40 © ~eqhlg 4 b — : — pH? CHactiy~ iat Bp can form 4 chructural tomers 0 : ch 4 _ soturated alcohol . ig—o - cH OH cy £Ho and tha — ¢-oH ' CH Ltn) -cH-OH oes chs,Cho 0- Greate can fern 2 iaomers nelomers eng cry Oe bol and CHa — 0 — CH-CHS -cHy dug . So, Coty, ® has +olal q structural, isomers . ! : a | Aeohal iS of -hree dypes 2 (Kon) «plan fA 4) one degree aleohod 2 cHg-CHy- OF Ey : signs Oo hydrogen in dha} no. '2 ‘Carbon of the opposite. side dhere -oW is added . WW 2) tivo degree alcohol ¢ Gig CHg - CHa 70H “hag drly ones - Tj gt & “or alkyl Rydrogen & connected with tae mathyle groups. 3) three degree aleahot. ; tng Chas EHF, ee id q 2° carbon has M0 hydvogen cH alkye group and it js connected with. three alley arene more example § -Fearn €N9 - acho ee —Hy- chy CH) = OB) | Ea. Yat olkyle Hy CH9)» propyle F aleshok long chain af sever carbon Traces 2,2-dimabhyle: F { eptan—t-ob - Formuta, ¢- ' eee CmHamygh > ey Hang NO Gaturated rok 3 amines) HoN 2°29" —> DBE = oes et ee c y—amine propane "t wae: aye ng hcg 3 : amine. liege contact ad With a single. , coxelen 15 oe 1 Se oo amine" jo iN-mthyle ethane 2 sane CH ss % 3, Soy &gHgN has four | strucural isomers . Q-amino propane .| a x a 7 = [ Now, Ca Hy NT bord or in 4 mo DBE, no double. bo a NH. ty |} sub - i Hoch ! | s) CHO-CHy ~ cH ~C—NHQ Cig ~ Char cH CHS, chat cus, ! CHo— CH —CH, —NHZ. cH CN c ray . 4 oe 2) Hye“en, of seg 3 Hy —N = CH. = & CHa, | 4 CHW NH CH CHS Ha —'NiF— ey - CHa Chg 3) CHa =N — ely’ -cH3 Che H mite og! iggatte’ |S Cyn Hs PANE wine, Manis. fe cyanide, & isocyanids chy ctly> N=O CHa ~C=N by t'99 clhye ise cyanide methyl cyanideoH aldoxime §& amide oO CH3- CH=N- oH Cg- CoN Hg \ acelaldoxime. acelamadie Formuloyz e || oemulex Cn Hon, —», acid, asters, hydroxy - corbony| , ving or by cyclic structural i] isomars . | =) bl | Hag-cooH — CoHGd —) DGE:= 272415 Adds 7 | bond or Ling laceke acid i| OH o | f L . [boas a co | methyle. methanof te a-hydaoxy ethanahe: I ta Hy es 2, | 2 chaint 3 cgelia =6 total sleucloral isomers | : | | | |g. CoH, 0, . if athe