Signals and Systems

EEE223

Lab 09

Name Tayyab Ahmad Khan

Registration Number FA18-BEE-154

Class 4-C

Instructor’s Name Mam Nida Zamir

 In-Lab Tasks
t
Task 01: The periodic signal x (t ) is defined in one period as x(t )  te ,0  t  6 . Plot in time
of four periods the approximate signals using 81 terms of complex exponential form of
Fourier series.

Code Plots
clear all
close all

T0 = 0; Single Period
0.4
T= 6;
w = 2.*pi./T; 0.2

syms t;
0
x = t.*exp(-t); 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
subplot(3,1,1) t

ezplot(x, [T0 T0+T]) %#ok<EZPLT> 0.4

Four periods

title('Single Period')
0.2

t1 = T0:0.01:T;
0
x1 = t1.*exp(-t1); 0 5 10 15 20 25

x4 = repmat(x1,1,4);
Aproximation with 81 Terms
t3 = linspace(0,4.*T,length(x4)); 0.4

subplot(3,1,2)
0.2
plot(t3,x4)
title('Four periods') 0
0 5 10 15 20
t
for k =-40:40
a(k+41) =
(1/T).*int(x.*exp(1i.*k.*w.*t),
t, T0, T0+T);
ex(k+41) = exp(1i.*k.*w.*t);
end
xx = sum(a.*ex);
subplot(3,1,3)
ezplot(xx,[T0 T0+4.*T])
%#ok<EZPLT>
title('Aproximation with 81
Terms')
 Task 02: Plot the coefficients of the complex exponential Fourier series for the periodic
2
t
signal that in one period is defined by x(t )  e ,  3  t  3 .

Code Plots
clear all 2
exp (- t )
close all

T0 =-3; 1

T = 6;
w = 2.*pi./T;
syms t 0.8
x = exp(-t.^2);
ezplot(x, [T0 T0+T])
%#ok<EZPLT> 0.6

figure
0.4
syms t k n
x = exp(-t);
ak = (1/T)*int(x.*exp(- 0.2
1i*k*w*t), t, T0, T0+T);
n =-3:3;
an = subs(ak, k, n); 0
subplot(2,1,1)
stem(n,abs(an));
subplot(2,1,2) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

stem(n,angle(an)); t

0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-1

-2

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Task 03: The periodic signal x (t ) in a period is given by

 1, 0  t  1
x(t )  
0, 1  t  2
Plot in one period the approximate signals using 41 and 201 term of the complex
exponential Fourier series. Furthermore, each time plot the complex exponential
coefficients.

Code Plots
clear all x[t]
close all
T0 = 0; 1
T = 2;
w = 2*pi/T;
syms t k 0.8

x=heaviside(t)-heaviside(t-1);
ezplot(x, [-1 3]) %#ok<EZPLT> 0.6
title('x[t]')
for k=-20:20
a(k+21)=(1/T)*int(x*exp(- 0.4

1i*k*w*t),t,T0,T0+T);
end 0.2
for k=-20:20
ex(k+21)=exp(1i*w*k*t);
end 0

xx=sum(a.*ex);
ezplot(xx,[-5 5]) %#ok<EZPLT> -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
title('approximation with 41 t
terms') approximation with 41 terms
for k=-100:100 1.2

a(k+101)=(1/T)*int(x*exp(1i*k*w* 1
t),t,T0,T0+T);
end 0.8
for k=-100:100
ex(k+101)=exp(1i*w*k*t); 0.6
end
x2=sum(a.*ex);
0.4
ezplot(x2,[-5 5]) %#ok<EZPLT>
title('approximation with 201
terms') 0.2

%magnitude and phase for 41

terms -0.2

ak=(1/T)*int(x*exp(1i*k*w*t),t,t -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
t
0,t0+T);
k1 = -20:20;
ak=subs(a,k,k1);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(k1,abs(ak));
title('|a_k|, k=-20:20')
subplot(2,1,2)
stem(k1,angle(ak));
title('\angle a_k, k=-20:20')
%magnitude and phase for 201
terms
ak=(1/T)*int(x*exp(1i*k*w*t),t,t
0,t0+T);
k1 = -100:100;
ak=subs(a,k,k1);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(k1,abs(ak));
title('|a_k|, k=-100:100')
subplot(2,1,2)
stem(k1,angle(ak));
title('\angle a_k, k=-100:100')

Task 04: The periodic signal x (t ) in a period is given by

 1, 0  t 1
x(t )  
2  t , 1  t  2
Calculate the approximation percentage when the signal x (t ) is approximated by 3, 5, 7,
and 17 terms of the complex exponential Fourier series. Furthermore, plot the signal in
each case.

Code Plots
clear all x[t]
close all
T0 = 0; 1
T = 2;
w = 2*pi/T;
syms t k 0.8

x=(heaviside(t)-heaviside(t-
1))+(2-t)*(heaviside(t-1)-
0.6
heaviside(t-2));

ezplot(x,[-4 4]) %#ok<*EZPLT> 0.4

title('x[t]')
%%%approx upto 3 0.2
for k=-1:1

0
a(k+9)=(1/T)*int(x*exp(1i*k*w*
t),t,T0,T0+T);
end -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
t
for k=-1:1
ex(k+9)=exp(1i*w*k*t);
end approximation with 3 terms
xx=sum(a.*ex); 1.2

1.1
ezplot(xx,[-4 4])
title('approximation with 3 1
terms')
0.9

%approx upto 5
0.8
for k=-2:2
0.7
a(k+9)=(1/T)*int(x*exp(1i*k*w*
t),t,T0,T0+T); 0.6

end
0.5
for k=-2:2
ex(k+9)=exp(1i*w*k*t); 0.4
end
xx=sum(a.*ex); 0.3
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
t
ezplot(xx,[-4 4])
title('approximation with 5 approximation with 5 terms

terms') 1.1

0.9

%approx upto 7 0.8

for k=-3:3 0.7

0.6

a(k+9)=(1/T)*int(x*exp(1i*k*w* 0.5

t),t,T0,T0+T); 0.4
end
0.3
for k=-3:3
ex(k+9)=exp(1i*w*k*t); 0.2

end -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

xx=sum(a.*ex); t
ezplot(xx,[-4 4]) approximation with 7 terms
title('approximation with 7
terms') 1.1

%approx upto 17 0.9

for k=-8:8 0.8

0.7

a(k+9)=(1/T)*int(x*exp(1i*k*w* 0.6
t),t,T0,T0+T); 0.5
end
0.4
for k=-8:8
ex(k+9)=exp(1i*w*k*t); 0.3

end 0.2

xx=sum(a.*ex); 0.1

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
t
ezplot(xx,[-4 4])
title('approximation with 17 approximation with 17 terms

terms')
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
t

Critical Analysis:
In this lab, we have learned a way of analyzing a continuous time signal into frequency components
given by sinusoidal signals. We learned some new commands like ezplot, it plots a symbolic expression,
equation, or function f. By default, ezplot plots a unilabiate expression or function over the range [–2π  2π]
or over a subinterval of this range. This process in crucial in the signal processing field since it reveals the
frequency content of signal and simplifies the calculation of systems’ output. The analysis is based on
the Fourier series. In this lab we also used different methods to express a signal in sum of
different oscillating functions. There was a simple algorithm in this lab which came in handy
while defining the Fourier series coefficients ak.