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03 - GIS Dan Land Clasification - TL - Daring
03 - GIS Dan Land Clasification - TL - Daring
03 - GIS Dan Land Clasification - TL - Daring
By
Tien Lastini
GIS
• A geographic information system (GIS)
consists of the tools and services that allow
you to capture, organize, manipulate, analyze,
interpret, and display spatially referenced data
(Bettinger et al., 2009)
Proses Pengumpulan Data Geografis
a. Map Digitizing
http://toto.lib.unca.edu/findingaids/photo/national_climatic_data_center/NCDC_men_mac
hines.htm
b. Pengumpulan Data Lapangan
c. Penginderaan Jauh (Remote sensing)
In India, Raa et al. (1997) also provided a list of five uses of remote sensing; but in
their view, all required improved data sets and methods before they could be declared
fully operational:
1. Plantation inventory and monitoring,
2. Timber volume estimation,
3. Species identification,
4. Estimation of biomass and productivity, and
5. Biodiversity monitoring.
And finally, in Oregon, Cohen et al. (1996b), focusing not only on the applications but
on the fundamental concepts of digital remote sensing, listed three remote sensing
applications in forestry that could be considered operational:
1. Mapping forest cover
2. Measuring and monitoring structure, function, and composition of vegetation,
3. Detecting change in these conditions over time.
QUICKBIRD
Landsat 7
8
d. Foto Udara (Aerrial Photogrammetry)
Perekaman
Perekaman dengan
Potret udara electro-optical
PJ fotografi sensor
(a) (b)
(scanner)
PJ non-fotografi
Arah
scanning
IFOV (c)
12
Struktur Data Geografis
1. Data Raster
Grid, pixel (row, column)
2. Data Vektor
point, line, polygons
3. Topology
Relationship between (or among) vector data
Contoh data Raster
Proses informasi Geografis
1. Selecting or Querying
2. Clipping dan Erasing
3. Buffering
4. Proximity Analysis
5. Combining dan Slippting
6. Joining
7. Overlaying
8. Mapping
Buffering
a) Buffer titik
TITIK
b) Buffer garis 2
1
3
GARIS
c) Buffer poligon
POLIGON
MACAM-2 Buffer
Jumlah ring (buffer):
1. Single buffer
2. Multi buffer
Metode penggambaran barir buffer
1. Dissolve
2. Undissolve
Danau
Jalan
Sungai
Mata air
NON-DISSOLVE: INSIDE & OUTSIDE
Outside dissolved
barrier
Single
• UNION
• IDENTITY
• MERGE
• UPDATE
• ERASE
• CLIP
Operasi spasial
1. UNION
i
+ i
input overlay
Operasi spasial: update
2. UPDATE
i
+ i
input overlay
Operasi spasial: ERASE
3. ERASE
i
+ i
input overlay
Operasi spasial: CLIP
4. CLIP
i
+
input overlay FITUR = INPUT;
LUAS = OVERLAY
Operasi spasial: IDENTITY
5. IDENTITY
+
input overlay
HASIL
Operasi spasial: INTERSECT
t
Operasi spasial: MERGE
+
input overlay
Overlay sederhana
Hasil Overlay
Layer 1+2+ 3
Overlay sederhana
Layer 1
Layer 2
Hasil Overlay
Layer 3
Layer 1+2+ 3
Land Clasification
SKEMA KELAS KELAS YANG DIBUAT HARUS
MEMBAGI HABIS SEMUA TUTUPAN
LAHAN YANG ADA
BUMI
Orchards/
Hardwood Semak/blkr Paddy f Fruit trees
Mixwood Softwood LEVEL II
40
ANALISIS KUALITATIF / VISUAL
• DETEKSI – IDENTIFIKASI – menggunakan karakter:
• SPASIAL, SPEKTRAL & TEMPORAL (tergantung skill
analis dlm interpretasi)
• SPASIAL: bentuk-ukuran, orientasi dan tekstur
• SPEKTRAL: ref landcover mpk fungsi dari kand.
Khlorofil, biomasa, struktur sel daun/batang, kand
kadar air etc.
• TEMPORAL: musim- wetness & dryness
• Elemen diagnostik penafsiran: tone/warna, ukuran,
bentuk, tekstur, pola, lokasi dan asosiasi, bayangan
41
KEBERHASILAN ANALISIS VISUAL
• TERGANTUNG PADA KEMAMPUAN (SKILL &
KNOWLEDGE) DARI INTERPRETER ATAU
ANALIS DALAM MENGGUNAKAN ELEMEN-
ELEMEN SPASIAL, SEKTRAL DAN TEMPORAL
DARI CITRA
42
KURVA REFLEKTANSI SPEKTRA
4 5 6 7 Landsat MSS
1 2 3 4 MOS-1 MESSR
1 2 NOAA AVHHR
50 Vegetasi
Tanah
kering
30 Tanah
basah
Band penyerap chlorophyl
Band penyerap air
(0.445 & 0.645 mm)
10
AirAir jernih
jernih
46
Nilai pixel per band
1 Klasifikasi Citra
2 Kode kelas pd citra terklasifikasi
3
4 KLASIFIKASI
47