After Musa�s defeat by Ottoman sultan Mehmed I in 1413, Bedreddin was exiled to

Iznik, and his followers were dispossessed of their timars. However, he soon
decided to capitalize on the climate of opposition to Mehmed I following the
disorder of the still-fresh interregnum. Leaving his exile in Iznik in 1415,
Bedreddin made his way to Sinop and from there across the Black Sea to Wallachia.
In 1416, he raised the standard of revolt against the Ottoman state.

Most of the revolts that ensued took place in regions of Izmir, Dobrudja, and
Saruhan. The majority of his followers were Turcomans. The rest included frontier
ghazis, dispossessed sipahis, medrese students, and Christian peasants. The first
of these rebellions was kindled in Karaburun, near Izmir. There, Borkluje Mustafa,
one of Bedreddin�s foremost disciples, instigated an idealistic popular revolt by
preaching the communal ownership of property and the equality of Muslims and
Christians. Most those who revolted were Turkish nomads, but Borkluje�s followers
also included many Christians. In total, approximately 6,000 people revolted
against the Ottoman state in Karaburun. Torlak Kemal, another of Bedreddin�s
followers, led another rebellion in Manisa, and Bedreddin himself was the leader of
a revolt in Dobrudja, in contemporary northeastern Bulgaria. The heartland for the
Dobrudja revolt was in the "wild forest" region south of the Danube Delta.
Bedreddin found disciples among many who were discontent with sultan Mehmed; he
became a figurehead for those who felt they had been disenfranchised by the sultan,
including disgruntled marcher lords and many of those who had been given timars by
Bedreddin as Musa's kadiasker, which had been revoked by Mehmed.

These uprisings posed a serious challenge to the authority of Mehmed I as he

attempted to reunite the Ottoman Empire and govern his Balkan provinces. Although
they were all eventually stifled, the series of coordinated revolts instigated by
Bedreddin and his disciples was suppressed after only great difficulty. Torlak
Kemal's rebellion in Manisa was crushed and he was executed, along with thousands
of his followers. Borkluje's rebellion put up more of a fight than the others,
defeating first the army of the governor of Saruhan and then that of the Ottoman
governor Ali Bey, before finally it was finally crushed by the Vizier Bayezid
Pasha. According to the Greek historian Doukas, Bayezid slaughtered unconditionally
to ensure the rebellion's defeat, and Borkluje was executed along with two thousand
of his followers. Sheikh Bedreddin's own Dobrudja rebellion was a short-lived one,
and came to an end when Bedreddin was apprehended by Mehmed's forces and taken to
Serres. Accused of disturbing the public order by preaching religious syncretism
and the communal ownership of property, he was executed in the marketplace.