CHE 611 A Transport Phenomena

Dr Anurag Tripathi

Chemical Engineering

I I T Kanpur

Lecture

Shell Energy Balance

Temp distribution in Solids

linearmomentum
Energy dance over a shell that is thin

in the direction of temp variation

velocity

Obtain 1storder ODE

for energy flux distribution

stress component

Substitute expression for combinedenergy flux vector

momentumfluxtensor

Use Fourier's law of conduction to get ODEEnTarp

Newton's law of viscosity 7 Kebab

Solve with appropriate Bcs for temp or heatflux

at boundaries velocity or stress

Energy balanceequation

Total rate
3

fit Hai

Rate of Rate of energy

energy production accumulation

Conversion ofelectricalnuclearchemical
energy to heat

 Above an is It law ofthermodynamics for opensystems

Boundary conditions
most common Bcs used in solving energytransport
are as follows
Temperature specified at a boundaryHarface
velocity
stress
Heat flux normal to a surface may be specified
equivalent to specifying AT

At solid solid or fluid fluid interface the temperature

heat flux are continuous velocity
stress

TsCk D TszCk o
Solid2
Soofid 1 qszGe
or
QsGeo i.e
2 0
fluid fluid 2 Ksdata t dT
a

Assuming perfect contact b w solid surfaces

Might need to account for a thermal contact resistance
to estimate temperature drop DT at the solid solid interface
 At a solid fluid heat flux
boundary normal
component may be related by Newton's law of
cooling Heat flux 9W
q normal vector n
is directed intothe
convective id Fluid fluid
heat transfer surface leap in
coefficient Tarp the bulk
Up Up
u

t E f
m.am user
typedependson UGy
7
Solid
Tb
Boundary lager

Fluid
kid a depends out
yg y
97
k Solid 9g

If we know Tce then continuity of heatflux canbe

used to get heat transfer coefficient
Toby
Heat conducted tothefluid fluid qY Ff
9f kffyIHhlts TDI soidsF.gg
 knowledge of Tais will require solving the momentum

energy balance each near the boundary

Empirical relation of Newton's law of cooling is defining our
forthe convective heat transfer coefficient
Permits heatflux estimation using empirical relationsfor
h usingthe bulk temperature Tbin thefluidstream
Value of his estimated using NusseltNumbercorrelations
Exampki forced convectionforturbulentflows in smoothtubes
be estimated using Dittus Boeder
n o yforheating
equation
Nu h e RemPE with Re eodleefffffee.tfffoof.gg
y 0.023 m o Pr 8 2 tube
Vote
qf would be equal to heatflux inthe solid
Since surfaceEerothickness can not
9g kg
we will bother
f aboutthis accumulateAfore heat
need to know
only if we
the temp distribution inside the solid

Some otherBcs will be used as a when required

Heat conduction temperature distribution in heated wire

Electric wire ofradius R made ofmaterial withelectrical

conductivity ke Let e be the currentpassingthrough
 1
The electricalresistance 1
for a length L is
given as 4961127
generation
Fate
ffw et igg Ty
heatgeneration rate
fer unit volume i L

Se I
Iliff

Fe
I t
Mnf is the current
x
where I
density
Since temp distribution in solid is beingconsidered
tItE
eo2teou
0
Energy balance in a shell of thickness and area
21712L can be written as

ae.o.to
oefeataehatafCand
Fffa eEfatoehatJto
afEeEfaa

setter
O
tirfqdf Hr4qy1m.r adgsfe
 CBI.ie t ser II
Ar i

L atfeFfa r

test i
BCI g finite
at F o 4 0 Heatflux 9linearlywith
Using fouriers law of conduction forcylindrical coordinates
see B 2 of BSL

Kadir Sez Er Katar

havetasauda
T

B12 at F R we
q
condition Text book uses F Ta at
F R to get 90 no
T TR SEE
fi ray
tea
using a sergey
E II
Motivated by showingthe analogy with pipeffooproblem
linear variation of heat flux sheerstress
Quadratic is a temperature Cvelocity profile
This is due to similar form of ODES Bcs
Not all momentum transportproblemshaveanalogs in Energy Mass
transport
 whatwould beenergy transportanalog of falling film problem
A more realistic boundary condition would be to accountfor
heatloss through the surface to ambient air

h.T.m3
BCI art
_acted
ftp.qq
kdaIrt hEfII
Using T
sg

k
fq h G Seeff Te

htsg.ly tTo
sgR

C ToetSgIatseaRIG
solhat ITes

surface tarp of wire is Tr Too

tSgRh

Qualitativeleapprofile
IsgIz
kairddrIIIE ksdi I
Iintheair.LT DIE a.q
I DTma DTsur
sinceKara stair gddfwf.fr dd 4
FR
DTmex
g
starBiz
Look at the results
Tcr Toot SegIhtSeated c Let F To
YID at f o

To Too Serpent 11
Eo
tICtEd EEsfef
II.at
to

To Te SIRI
Lp
Indicatesthat dimensionless temp inheated wire is parabolic
Sinceheatloss at thesurface leadsto constTp the two Bcs
for this problem donotleadto any difference in thetempprofile