cWofo M ltg (Unit:Three)

cg'';Gwfg ljlw(Research Methods)

o; v08df cg';Gwfg s;/L ug]{, s:tf ljlwsf] k|of]u ug]{, vf]h gLlt s:tf k|
lqmof / ljlw4/f lng] ljifodf o; lzif{sdf j0f{g ul/G5 . h;df cg';Gwfg 9fFrf,
tYofª\ssf ;|f]t, gd'gf 5gf]6 ljlw, tYofª\ssf ;+sng k|lqmof / tYofªs k|:t'lts/0f
ljZn]if0fnfO{ g} d"nt: cg';Gwfg ljlwsf] ?kdf lnOG5 .

#=! cg';Gwfg 9fFrf(Research Design)

o; cWoog JofVofTds tyf ljZn]if0ffTds 9fFrfdf cfwfl/t 5 . of] cWoog

sf:sL lhNnfsf] kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf leq /x]sf Kof/fUnfOl8+u Joj;foLsx?sf]
cfly{s tyf z}lIfs If]qdf kf/]sf] k|efjsf ;fy} Joj;fox?df cfPsf ;d:ofx? vf]Hg]
k|of; ul/g] 5 . o; cWoogsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ tYofª\sx?df k|fyflds tYofª\ssf]
nflu cg';Gwfgstf{ cg';Gwfg If]qdf :jod ;xeflu eO{ k|ZgjfnL, cGt{/jftf{ /
cjnf]sgsf] dfWofdaf6 k|fKt ul/g]5 eg] l4tLo tYofª\ssf] nflu ljleGg clen]vs
k|sflzt tyf ck|sflzt k':tsx?, j]a;fO6-website_,cgnfOg-online_ kqklqsf,
6]lnlehg cflb af6 tYofª\s ;ª\sng ul/Psf] 5 . o;l/ cWoogdf k|of]u ul/Psf
tYofª\sx? kl/df0ffTds / u'0ffTds cg';Gwfg 9fFrfnfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 .

o;/L k|fKt ePsf] tYofª\snfO{ tflnsf, j[tlrq, :tDe lrqdf k|:t't u/L JofVof /
ljZn]if0f ul/g] 5 .

#=@ tYofÍsf ;|f]tx¿(Sources of Data)

o; cWoogdf tYofÍ ;+sngsf] nflu k|fylds tYofÍsf ;+sngsf ;|f]tx¿ / ljleGg
;flxTosf] k'g/fcjnf]sg ug{ l4lto tYofÍsf ;|f]tx¿ k|of]u ul/g] 5 .

#=@=! k|fylds tYofÍsf ;|f]tx?

^@ j6f Kof/fUnfOl8 Joj;foLx?dWo] ;+rfngdf /x]sf Joj;fox?df k|To]s Ps

Ps Joj;foLnfO{ cGt{jftf{ / k|ZgfjnL ljt/0f ul/ k|fKt tYofÍsf] cfwf/df
cg'zGwfg tof/ ul/g] 5 . k|fylds tYofÍsf ;|f]tx? o; k|sf/ /xg] 5g\ M

s_ k|fylds ;|f]t cGt{ut cg';Gwfgstf{ k|ToIf ¿kdf If]qdf uP/ tYofÍ ;

+sng ul/g] 5 . h:t}M k|ZgfjnL / cGt{jftf{ .

#=@=@ l4lto tYofÍsf ;|f]tx?

l4lto tYofÍsf] ¿kdf ko{6g Joj;fo ;DAfGwL ljleGg ;f]w kq, kqklqsf,
lstfax¿, ;+3 ;+:yfsf a'n]l6gx¿, ljleGg hg{n Pjd\ hfgsf/L j]a;fO6-
website_,cgnfOg-online_ k|sflzt tyf ck|sflzt k':ts tyf k|ltj]bgx? cflb k|of]u
ul/g] 5 .

#=# tYofÍs ;+sng ljlw-Data collection procedure_

o; cWoogdf hg;+Vof, gd'gfsf] cfsf/ / gd'gf 5gf}6 /0fgLltsf a/]df tn pNn]v

ul/Psf] 5 .

#=#=! hg;+Vof (Population)

of] cWoogdf sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf leq /x]sf ^@ j6f
Kof/fUnfOl8 Joj;foLx?nfO{ s'n hg;+Vofsf ?kdf lnOg] 5 .

#=#=@ gd'gfsf] cfsf/-Sample Size_

of] cWoogdf sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf leq /x]sf ^@ j6f

Kof/fUnfOl8 Joj;foLx?dWo] ;du0fgf gd'gf 5gf]6 ljlwsf cfwf/df !)) k|ltzt
-^@ hgfnfO{_ p2]Zod'ns ?kdf 5gf]6 ul/g] 5 .

#=#=# gd'gf 5gf}6 /0fgLlt-Sampling Stratigy_

gd'gf Jofks jf lj:t[t If]qaf6 lnOPsf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;d'x xf] . o; cWoogdf

gd'gf /0fgLltx?nfO{ a'Fbfut ?kdf tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

 kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf leq /x]sf ^@ j6f Kof/fUnfOl8 Joj;foLx?dWo]

cfs:dLs gd'gf 5gf]6 ljlwsf cfwf/df !)) k|ltzt -^@ hgfnfO{_
p2]Zod'ns ?kdf 5gf]6 ul/g] 5 .
 Kof/fUnfOl8 Joj;foLsx?nfO{ ;+u0fgf ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 5gf}6 ul/g]
5.
 5gf]6df k/]sf ^@ j6f Joj;foLssf sfo{nodf sfo{/Q ;DalGwt sd{rf/L jf
Joj;foLnfO{ ;+u0fgf ljlwsf cfwf/df lnOg] 5 .

#=$ cWoog If]q-Study Area_

k|:t't cWoog sf:sL lhNnf cGt{ut kf]v/f dxfgu/kfnLsfdf /x]sf ko{6g
Joj;fodWo] Joj;fo Kof/fUnfOl8 Joj;foLx?df ;du0fgf af6 cWoog If]qsf ?
kdf lgWff{/0f ul/osf] 5 .

#=% tYofÍ ;+sngsf cf}hf/x¿(Data Collection Tools)

cWoognfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg k|ZgfjnL / cGt{jft{nfO{ d'Vo cf}hf/sf ¿kdf
k|of]u ul/g]] 5 .

s_ k|ZgfjnL(Questioniare)
k|ZgjfnLsf] lgdf{0f u/L pQm If]qsf Joj;foLx?sf] pQ/sf] cfwf/df
cWoognfO{ k|:t't ul/g] 5 .

v_ 5nkmn lgb]{lzsf(Discussion Directory)

cWoognfO{ k|efjsf/L Pjd\ u'0ffTds agfpg ;DalGwt If]qdf g}
uO{ pQ/bftfx?;Fu ljleGg 5nkmn ul/g]] 5 .

u_ cjnf]sg lgb]{lzsf (ObservationDirectory)

cWoognfO{ ljZj;lgo agfpgsf] nflu cWoog If]qsf] cfly{s tyf

Joj;fosf] cj:yf ljleGg lgb{]lzsfx?sf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 .

#=^ tYofÍ ;+sng tl/sf (Data collection Technique)

cjnf]sg, 5nkmn, k|ToIf ;xefuL cjnf]sg, k|ZgfjnL / cGt{jftf{nfO{ cfwf/
dfg]/ cWoog ul/g] 5 5 . tYofÍ ;+sngsf] nflu lgDg tl/sfx? ckgfO{g] 5 .
s_ cGt{jftf{(Interview)
pQ/bftfx¿;Fu ljleGg ljifosf] af/]df cGt{jftf{ Pjd\ ;f]wk'5 ul/
cg';Gwfg sfo{ ul/g] 5 .

v_ nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn (Amied Group Discussion)

kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf leqsf ^@ j6f Kof/fUnfOl8 Joj;foLx? ;Fu

;DalGwt JolQmx? ;Fu 5nkmn ul/ cg';Gwfg sfo{ ul/g] 5 .

u_ k|ToIf ;xefuL cjnf]sg (Direct Participant Observation)

Joj;foLx? tyf sd{rf/Lx?;Fu k|ToIf ?kdf ;xefuL eO{ Joj;fosf] cfly{s

cj:yf / z}lIfs If]qsf] af/]df cjnf]sg ul/g] 5 . ko{6g Joj;fosf] k|ToIf
cjnf]sg ul/ ;f]lx cg';f/ tYof+s ;+sng ul/g] 5 .

3_ ;f]wk'5 (Inquiry)
pQ/bfQfx?nfO{ plgx?sf] cfly{s / z}lIfs cj:yfsf ljleGg kIfx?;Fu
;f]wk'5 ul/ cWoognfO{ cufl8 a9fO{g] 5 .

#=& tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f / ljj]rgf (Data Analysis and Interpretation)

k|fKt tYofÍx¿nfO{ ;+sng ul/ ltlgx¿sf] ljz]iftf cg';f/ 6]jnLs/0f ul/g] 5 .
tYofÍsnfO{ k|ltztdf k|:t't ul/ ;f]xL cfwf/df ljZn]if0f / ljj]rgf ul/g] 5 . ;fy}
ljleGg tYofÍzfl:qo cf}hf/sf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 . ;a}nfO{ a'‰g ;xh xf]; elg j[Q
lrq Pjd\ :tDe lrqdf tYofÍsnfO{ b]vfOg] 5 .