CE 100

LECTURE -4

Theory of Projection -1st angle & 3rd angle Projection

Draw Isometric view using Orthographic drawings
 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

A single orthographic projection of an

object does not describe the object
fully. It only shows the appearance of
the object when viewed from any side
of the object.

To describe the object fully, its views

should be projected on additional
planes of projection
Therefore three mutually perpendicular planes of projection are
used to describe the views of three mutually perpendicular sides
of the object

These planes are called the principal planes and the views
projected on these planes are called the principal views
Therefore six planes will be needed
to have complete view of an object
The position of the orthographic views depend on the relative position of
the principal planes.
Relative position of the planes depends on - from which quadrant the
object is projected
• Front view is projected on – Frontal plane/ Vertical Plane (V.P)
• Top view is projected on – Horizontal Plane (H. P)
• Side views are projected on – Profile Plane
 First-Angle and Third-Angle Projection

Positions of the viewer for having the orthographic views of different sides on
three principal planes are Fixed with respect to 1st & 3rd Angle Projection
Consider an object enclosed in an imaginary glass box, positioned such that
the planes of glass are parallel to the major surfaces of the object and at 90
degrees to each other.
1st Angle Projection
3rd Angle Projection
3rd Angle Projection
3rd Angle Projection
Draw Six Orthographic Views by 1st Angle Projection
 DRAWING ISOMETRIC VIEW OF AN OBJECT FROM
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

Draw the isometric view of an object from its orthographic views

Step 1
Draw three isometric axis

Step 2
Measure and draw total width,
height, and length of object from
given orthographic views
Step 3
Create the front, top, and side faces

Step 4
Mark front shape of the object on
the front face
Step 4
In the same way, mark right and top
view of the object on the right and
top faces respectively – according to
their dimension.
Step 5
Erase unnecessary lines
Draw the isometric view of an object whose front, top and right-
side views are given.