TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

EXPERIMENT NO.2
The DC Self-Excited Shunt Generator

ME42S1- EE004

SUBMITTED BY:
DIVINAGRACIA, JOHN DAVID B.
1511545
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. JUN A. TERESA
MARCH 8, 2021
 EXPERIMENT NO.2:
The DC Self-Excited Shunt Generator

OBECTIVES:
The objectives of this activity are:
1. To study the open circuit characteristic (OCC) of a self-excited DC
shunt generator under no-load conditions.
2. To study the properties of a self-excited DC shunt generator under
full load conditions.
3. Obtain the characteristic curves of each part.

SET – UP:
DATA:

Data observed (Open Circuit Characteristic - OCC)

SI. No. Field Current Generated Voltage
If (AMPS) Eg (volts)
1 0 10
2 0.04 25
3 0.1 47
4 0.3 128
5 0.4 154
6 0.5 180
7 0.6 200
8 0.7 218
9 0.8 230
10 0.9 240

Data observed (Load Characteristics)

Armature Resistance, Ra = 2.3Ω

Field Load Armature Terminal Induced

Current Current Current Voltage Voltage
If (amps) IL (amps) Ia=IL+If VT (volts) Ea=VT+IaRa
(amps) (volts)
0.72 0 0.72 230 231.656
0.7 0.6 1.3 220 222.99
0.66 2.6 3.26 210 217.498
0.64 4.2 4.84 198 209.132
0.6 5.5 6.1 190 204.03
GRAPH:

OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTIC (OCC)

LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
DISCUSSION:
The separately-excited generator has many applications. However,
it does have the disadvantage that a separate dc power source is
needed to excite the shut field. This is costly and sometimes
inconvenient. The self-excited dc generator is often more suitable.
In a self-excited generator, the field winding is connected to the
generator output. It may be connected across the output, in series with
the output, or a combination of the two. How the field is connected (shunt,
series, or compound) determines many of the generator’s characteristics.
All of the above generators can have an identical construction. Self-
excitation is possible because of the residual magnetism in the stator
pole pieces. As the armature rotates a small voltage is induced across
its windings. When the field winding is connected in parallel (shunt) with
the armature a small field current will flow. If this small field current is
flowing in the proper direction, the residual magnetism will be reinforced
which further increases the armature voltage and thus, a rapid voltage
build-up occurs.
The open-circuit characteristics for a shunt-wound DC generator is
obtained by conducting a no-load experiment. It is similar to the
characteristics of separately excited DC Generator.

Since it is a shunt DC generator, the field winding is connected across the

armature conductors. To vary the field current, a variable
resistant(rheostat) is connected in series with the field winding. To measure
the field current, an ammeter is connected to the field circuit. A voltmeter is
connected across the armature conductor to measure the induced voltage.

In the shunt generator, an increase in load causes the terminal voltage to

decrease.
CONCLUSION:
I, therefore, conclude that the open-circuit characteristic (OCC) of a self-
excited DC shunt generator under no-load conditions depends on the value
of the field current (If) for a certain time because there will be a point
wherein no matter how much you increase the current the voltage
produced will be the same indicating that we attained the saturation point of
the electromagnet which is identical to the characteristic of separately
excited DC generator.
The reason why there is a small amount of voltage generated when there is
still no field current is because of residual magnetism which is responsible
for residual voltage. The 10V generated when there is no current is the
residual voltage. Residual voltage is the voltage produced by the leftover
flux that didn’t decay and has been cut. Sometimes, when the value of
residual voltage is too small it is still not yet useful at the point where you
can’t light a bulb using it. When the current reached 0.9A the voltage has
reached 240V which is capable of lighting a bulb and power up an electric
fan.
Under full load condition, field current and load current we’re added to
produce armature current. Armature current is multiplied to resistance in
the armature and the product will be added to terminal voltage to produce
induced voltage.
The properties of a self-excited DC shunt generator under full load
conditions show that the current is inversely proportional to voltage. When
the current gets higher the voltage will decrease and when the voltage
increases it means that the current has decreased.