SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA
DATA ABOUT HUMANS, HUMAN
ACTIVITIES AND THE SPACE STRUCTURE
USED TO CONDUCT HUMAN ACTIVITIES
DATA PROCESSING
Conversion of raw data to machine
readable
Change of information in any manner
detectable by an observer
DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
1. Conversion
2. Validation
3. Sorting
4. Summarization
5. Aggregation
6. Analysis
7. Reporting
8.Presentation
Developed by Microsoft
Features calculation, graphing
tools & pivot tables,
Programming language - VBA
Statistical analysis of data
Effective data management
Ensure high accuracy and quality
decision making
BASIC WAYS OF DATA
PROCESSING
Descriptive statistics
Examine relationships between variables
(Correlation, Regression, etc.)
Compare groups to determine significant
differences (ANOVA, T- tests, etc.)
Department of MINOR PROJECT
Architecture and FOCUS GROUP 2
Planning, ARCHANA C ǀ ARUNIMA K T ǀ TANIA VIJU ǀ VINAY KUMAR
NITC https://issuu.com/nimasatheesh/docs/final.pptx
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
REGRESSION
Analyze the relationships between
variables
How they contribute & are related to
producing a particular outcome together.
Used in statistics to find trends in data.
Regression analysis will provide you with
an equation for a graph so that you can
make predictions about your data.
SIMPLE LINEAR
•The addition of those extra factors would
cause you to add additional
REGRESSION
dependent variables to your regression
analysis and create a multiple
FORMULA Y = b0 + b1 x.
regression analysis model.
Average value of ‘y’ is a function of ‘x’
Ex: Gender& Wage, Salary and spending
MULTIPLE LINEAR
REGRESSION
find statistically significant relationship
between sets of variables. The addition
of those extra factors would cause you
to add additional dependent variables
to your regression analysis & create a
multiple regression analysis model.
ANOVA TEST CORRELATION CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Analysis of variance It is a mutual relationship between two Groups a set of objects in such a way that
Statistical technique that is used to analyze or more thing object in same group are more similar to
differences among group means in a sample. Used to predict response of variables each other
Advantage over t and z tests to include more Example : Relationship between salary Clusters are formed for huge data
than two categories and year of experience.
Ex: Clusters formed during recent COVID
Null Hypothesis, H0: No significant difference ‘r’ – correlation pandemic by government to restrict
among the groups coefficient people coming out of their places
Alternate Hypothesis, H1: At least one It can vary from -1 to 1
significant difference among the groups
After analysis, F ratio is compared. r = +1 , A↑ B↑, POSITIVE
F<Fcritical → Accept Null Hypothesis r = -1 , A↑B↓ , NEGATIVE
F>Fcritical → Reject Null Hypothesis r = 0 ,absence of correlation
ONE WAY ANOVA IN EXCEL
Determines statistically significant
Fig: Graph showing
differences between the means of two or
correlation.
more independent groups.
graph is positive. So score
Example: To analyze if there is any significant
increases with hours
effect of economic class (independent
studied.
variable) on educational performance
(dependent variable).
120 R² = 0.7404
100
TWO WAY ANOVA 80
T-TEST
Samples defined in two ways and 60
Inferential statistic used to study if there
distributed into different groups. 40
SCORE
is a statistical difference between two
Expanding the above example to examine if 20
there is any significant effect on
groups.
0
educational performance (dependent
0 2 4
HRS STUDIED
6 8 10 12 14 16
Paired t-test: If the groups come from a
variable) by economic class (independent single population (e.g. measuring before
variable) and by gender (independent
IN SPSS and after an experimental treatment)
variable). Two-sample t-test/independent t-test: If
the groups come from two different
EXCEL SPSS populations (e.g. people from two
separate cities)
One-sample t-test: To compare one group
1 WAY 2 WAY against a standard value
ANOVA ANOVA Two-tailed t-test: To only check whether
the two populations are different from
Descriptive statistics describes data (for USES
example, a chart or graph) and Inferential one another
• We can correlate one’s social position One-tailed t-test: To know whether one
statistics allows you to make predictions
and economic status. population mean is greater than or less
(“inferences”) from that data.
• We can find strong positive than the other
With inferential statistics, you take data
correlation between country’s FIFA
from samples and make generalizations
ranking and their covid-19 ranking.
about a population.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA PROCESSING
USING EXCEL/SPSS
M.PLAN ǀ PLANNING STUDIO-1 ǀ 2020
GUIDED BY : DR. BIMAL P , ER. RIYA ROBI