SENTENCE PARTS AND

PATTERNS
 1. HOW TO FIND THE SENTENCE PARTS:

FIRST… look for the SUBJECT.

 To find the subject: Ask w ho/what is the s entence a bout?

NEXT… find the VERB/PREDICATE!

 To find the predicate: Ask what is the subject doing? ( action verb,
linking verb, helping verbs)

 Action Verbs → an action/actions done by the subject . It may/may

not af fect the object of the sentence.

▪ Ex: The bats’ electromagnetic wave echolocates preys and any

physical barriers. →with object

▪ Ex: The protein coat degrades. →without object

 1. HOW TO FIND THE SENTENCE PARTS:
 Linking verbs → kata kerja penghubung. Linking verbs connect
noun or adjective to subject. Verb being (to be; is, are am, was,
were) or Sensory verbs ( seem, look like, appear, etc).

 Helping verbs →. Adalah verb yang membantu kata kerja utama. It

doesn’t c hange the meaning of the sentence even if we erase the
helping verbs. Kesatuan antara main verb dan helping verb disebut
dg verb phrase.

 → Auxiliary verbs or modals (will, shall, can, may, must, ought to)

▪ Ex; the transcription factors have to be installed to the single

stranded DNA

▪ Ex; Ubiquitins will drive the protein to their proteasome target.

 1. HOW TO FIND THE SENTENCE PARTS:
NEXT… find the OBJECT!
 A sentence may have a Direct Object, Indirect Object, or Both .

 To find the direct object: Ask [verb] what?

 To find the indirect object: Ask [verb] to/for whom the verb is
performed?

To have the indirect object, a sentence must have a direct object

first.
EX: I gave Mom a bouquet of weeds.
 S U B J E CT: W ho/W hat [gave]? I

 P RE DICAT E: act i on/linking/verb phr ase g ave

 Di r e ct Obj ect: [gave] w hat ? a b o uquet

 Indi r ect Obj e ct: [gave ] to w hom ? Mom

 FIND THE PARTS OF THIS SENTENCE:

EXAMPLE #1: The spore mother cell will

undergo cell division.

1. SUBJECT: who/what [verb]? →The spore mother cell

2. PREDICATE: find an action verb, linking verb, or verb

phrase → will undergo (verb phrase)

3. Direct Object: [verb] what? → cell division

4. Indirect Object: [verb] to/for whom/what? → none

 FIND THE PARTS OF THIS SENTENCE:

 EXAMPLE #2: At a local pharmacy, the students bought

their lab assistants new googles.

1 SUBJECT: who/what [verb]? →the students

2 PREDICATE: find an action verb, linking verb, or verb

phrase → bought (action verb)

3 Direct Object: [verb] what? → new googles

4 Indirect Object: [verb] to/for who/what? → their lab

assistants
 SENTENCE PARTS
CREATE
SENTENCE PATTERNS
 FOUR SENTENCE PATTERNS:

1. Subject + Verb

2. Subject + Verb + Direct Object

3. Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct

Object

4. Subject + Linking Verb + Subject

Complement
 PATTERN #1:
SUBJECT + VERB
 In its simplest form, a sentence has two parts: a subject
and a verb. They express a complete thought when they
are together. Remember a sentence is like a bike…

Subject + Verb
 Answer s who/what is doing the action?
 Options: noun or pronoun
▪ Shows an action or a state of being
▪ Options: action verb, linking verb,
or verb phrase (helping verb + main verb)
 EXAMPLES OF PATTERN #1: S+V

Subject + Verb
Singular noun The cell devides. Action verb
Pronoun I am. Linking verb
Plural noun The atoms crashed. Action verb
General Noun Muscle should be exercise d .
Verb phrase
He and I arrived.
Compound subject Action verb
Proper Noun Mariana Trench is over 10
Linking verb
thousand meter s deep
 WRITE AN ORIGINAL SENTENCE USING THIS
PATTERN:

1 . Subject + Verb

 Singular noun + action verb

 Plural noun + linking verb

 Compound subject + verb phrase

 Plural pronoun + action verb

 Proper noun + compound predicate

 PATTERN #2:
SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT OBJECT

Subject + Verb + Direct Object

 Who or What?
 Noun or pronoun
 ACTION verb O R VERB PHRASE
( h e l p in g ve r b + a c t i o n ve r b )
 Receives the action of the verb
 Ask your self: [verb] what?
 Example: The xylem had an embolism.
▪ Subject: Xylem
▪ Verb: had
▪ Direct Object: embolism
 LET’S CREATE SOME SENTENCES…

1. The phage could destroy bacterial cell.

2. Your lashes help filtering the dirt
3....
4. ...
 PATTERN #3:
SUB JE CT + VE RB + I NDI RE CT OB JE CT + DI RE CT OB JE CT

Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object

W ho or W hat ?
Noun or pr onoun

ACT ION ver b O R VERB P HRAS E

(helping verb + action verb)

Ident ifies to or for w hom or w hat

t he act i on of t he ve r b i s pe r formed
Ask your self : [ve r b] to/ for whom/ what ?

Re ce i ves t he act i on of t he ve r b
Ask your se lf: [ve r b] what ?
 Example: T h e s ponge c ell g ives the a ir c h amber its water vapour.
▪ Subject: sponge cell
▪ Verb: gives
▪ Indirect Object: air chamber
▪ Direct Object: water vapour
 PATTERN #4:
SUBJECT + LINKING VERB + SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

Subject + Linking Verb + Subject Complement

 “To be” verbs like

am, is, are, was, were, etc.
 Sensory verbs like
appear, feel, grow, look, etc.
▪ the adjective OR noun that
follows a linking verb.
▪ complement = completes the subject

 A linking verb LINKS the subject of the sentence to its subject

complement; therefore, this pattern only works with linking
verbs.
 EXAMPLES OF S+LV+SC

1. Brandon is a gifted scientist.

▪ Brandon = subject

▪ is = linking verb

▪ scientist = noun as subject complement.

2. He becomes nervous when people compliment his

skill.
▪ He = subject

▪ becomes = linking verb

▪ nervous = adjective as subject complement.

 SUBJECT COMPLEMENT ≠ DIRECT OBJECT
 Don't mistake a subject complement for a direct
object!
Only linking verbs can have subject
complements.
Example: Brenna felt sick this morning.
▪ Brenna = subject
▪ felt = linking verb
▪ sick = adjective subject complement.

▪ Example: She felt her forehead but did not detect a temperature.
▪ She = subject
▪ felt = action verb
▪ forehead = direct object (Remember D.O. answers: [verb] what?)