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BIOLOGY
UNIT NO: 1

Q.1 Has Holy Quran explained the significance of animals and plants?
Explain this answer with reference from Holy Quran with the help of some
Quranic Ayah.
Ans: Almighty Allah has conveyed a great knowledge about animals and plants
through our Holy book the Quran. A few of Ayah are quoted as under.
It says about the origin of life that;

“We made from water, every living thing. will they not then believe?”

And Allah has created every animal from water: of them there are some that
creep on their bellies; some that walk on two legs; and some that walk on four.
Allah creates what He wills for Verily Allah has power over all things.

Here is water symbolized with the Protoplasm and protoplasm is the basis of
life and the vital power of protoplasm seems to depend on the constant
presence of water.

It is He who sendeth down rain from the skies: with it we produce vegetation of
all kinds: from some we produce green (crops), out of which we produce grain,
heaped up (at harvest); out of the date-palm and its sheaths (or spathes) (come)
clusters of dates hanging low and near: and (then there are) Gardens of grapes,
and olives, and pomegranates, Each similar (in kind) yet different (in variety):
when They begin to bear fruit, feast your eyes with the fruit and the ripeness
thereof. Behold! In these things there are Signs for people who believe.

Holy Quran has explained the significance of water for plants and animals at
several places.

"He who has, made for you the earth like a carpet spread out; has enabled you
to go about therein by roads (and channels); and has sent down water from the
sky." with it have we produced diverse pairs of plants Each separate from the
others.

Glorious Quran has also revealed some facts about the growth and variety of
plants.

And In the earth are tracts (diverse though) neighbouring, and Gardens of vines
and fields sown with corn, and palm trees - growing out of single roots or
otherwise: watered with the same water, yet some of them we make more
excellent than others to eat. Behold, Verily In these things there are Signs for
those who understand!
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It is Allah who causeth the seed-grain and the date-stone to split and sprout. He
causeth the Living to issue from the dead, and He is the one to cause the dead to
issue from the living. that is Allah. Then How are ye deluded away from the truth?

Above passage refers to the wonderful act of production and also interaction
of living and dead.

Allah has also indicated the usefulness of some of the plants and animals to
human welfare.

And verily in cattle (too) will ye find an instructive sign. From what is within their
bodies between excretions and blood, we produce, for your drink, milk, pure and
agreeable to those who drink it.

And the earth we have spread out (Like a carpet); set thereon mountains firm
and immovable; and produced therein all kinds of things in due balance.

Glory to Allah, who created In pairs all things that the earth produces, As well As
their own (human) kind and (other) things of which They have no knowledge.

And Thy Lord taught the Bee to build its cells In hills, on trees, and In (men's)
habitations; Then to eat of all the produce (of the earth), and find with skill the
spacious paths of its Lord: there issues from within their bodies a drink varying
colours, wherein is healing for men: Verily In This is a Sign for those who
thought.
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Q. 2 What is the impact of biological studies on human welfare?

Ans:- Biology has made enormous impact on human welfare and improving the
quality of life. It also helped us to increase the food production and improve
health. New discoveries in the field of biology are bringing revolution in the
medicine, public health, agriculture, dentistry, veterinary medicine, animal
husbandry, landscape, pest control and other fields are related.

1. Production of food:- The different kinds of food like wheat, maize, rice, fruits
and vegetable are active field of biology. Man has improved the quality of food
through biological techniques and produced new verities of crops. This is only
because of pest control and genetic engineering. Man also improved the quality
and quantity of food products by developing dairy farming, poultry farming, cattle
farming etc. This helped us to solve the problem of food shortage, famine has
declined and economic conditions for mankind and country have improved.

2. Improvement of health:- The discovery and development of medicine,

vaccines, medicine and diagnostic equipments are helpful to human. The
discovery of antibiotics by biologists has played a vital role to improve the health.
Many fatal and epidemic diseases such as small pox, tetanus, diphtheria etc can
control easily by vaccines. This resulted in a great reduction in infant mortality.
New drugs are constantly being developed by biologists, fight against the
pathogenic organisms, improve the health and solve the problem of mankind.

3. Improvement of environment:- Rapid industrialization has resulted in

pollution including air, land and water sources. Due to this not only human beings
but animal and plant are survive in harmful effect. Through biological research,
we are finding out ways to overcome the problem and at last eliminate the
pollution and providing healthy environment.

4. Genetic engineering:- DNA technology or genetic engineering has been

developed for alternation of gene, the DNA is carried out to seek the benefit for
mankind and mammalian proteins can be produced in bacterial cells. Gene
controlling the synthesis of important drugs and hormones can be taken from the
organisms in which they occur naturally and placed in bacterium or in other
organism from which product can be recovered easily in large quantity. Insulin
production by adding human gene in bacterial DNA is helping to produce human
insulin from bacteria. Genetic engineering also used in cloning tissue culture.

Many inherited diseases can be diagnosed in unborn child, and cystic

fibrous (Hereditary disease) of human being in which individuals secrete thick
mucus that clog the air ways of lungs, liver and pancreas will soon be treatable.