Solutions of Assignment-EE 361/Chapter 3

Q.1 Using Fourier transform tables, find the Fourier transform of the following
signals:

(a) The signal x t  shown below.

x t 

0
t
2

Let
dx t  t  1
y t    2 t     .
dt  2 

y t 

2

0
2
t

1

Then,

 t  1 

Y  f    j 2 f  X  f  2 t     


  2  
 
 2  2 sin c 2 f e  j 2  f  2 1  sin c 2 f e  j 2  f 
 
Therefore,
1 2 1  sin c 2 f e  j 2  f 
X f   Y f    
j 2 f j 2 f

1
(b) y t  
t 1
1
 j  sgn  f  from tables
t
1
 j  sgn  f e j 2  f time delay
t 1

1
 1
(c) g t  
1  t2
By partial fractions, we have
1 1 1  1 1 
  
1 t2 1  t 1  t  2  1  t 1  t 
Then,

 1   1    1  
 1   
 
   
 

 1  t    
 
 



 1  t 2

 2   
 

 1  t 


Now, we have
1
 j  sgn  f  from tables
t
1
 j  sgn  f e j 2  f time delay
t 1
1
j  sgn f e  j  j  sgn  f e  j time reveral
j 2 f j 2 f

t  1
Therefore,
 1  1
     j  sgn  f e
j 2f
 j  sgn  f e j 2  f 
1  t 2  2  
e j 2  f
e  j 2  f 
  sgn  f      sin 2 f  sgn  f 

 2 j 

 1  
(d)    (Hint: Use duality)
2


 1  t 


t 2
e  (from tables)
1  2 f 
2

Then,

 1  
  2  f
   e

1  t 

2




(e)  e 2t cos 200t  u t  
 1 1 
 

 e 2t cos 200t  u t    e 2t u t  e j 200 t  e j 200 t 
2 2 

1 1
 
  e 2t u t e j 200 t   e 2t u t e j 200 t
2 2
 

2
 1
e 2t u t   from tables
2  j 2 f
1
e 2t u t e j 200 t  frequency shift
2  j 2  f  100
1
e 2t u t e  j 200 t  frequency shift
2  j 2  f  100
Then,
 
1 1 1 

 e 2t cos 200t  u t      
2  2  j 2  f  100 2  j 2  f  100 
 

Q.2 Using Fourier transform tables, find the Fourier transforms of the following
signals:

g t 
4
2
t
0 1 2
(a)

Method 1:
g t   4 t  1 / 2  2 t  3 / 2


G  f    4 t  1 / 2  2 t  3 / 2 
 
 4   t  1 / 2  2  t  3 / 2   (linearity)
 4   t e  2  t e
 j 2  f /2  j 32  f /2
(time shift)
 4 sin c  f e  j  f  2 Sa  f e  j 3  f (table)
 2 sin c  f  2e  j  f  e  j 3  f 
 

Method 2:
t  1
g t   2    2 t  1 / 2
 2 

3
 
 t  1 

G f    2   
  2 t  1 / 2 

   
  2 
 


  t  1  

 2  
  2 



  2  t  1 / 2
   (linearity)

 


  t 

 2   
 2 
e

j 2f
 
 2  t  e  j 2  f /2 (time shift)
  
 
 4 sin c 2 f e  j 2  f  2 sin c  f e  j  f (table)

Method 3:
t  1
g t   4    2 t  3 / 2
 2 

 t  1 

G f    4    2 t  3 / 2 
  2 
 

 

 t  1 
 4   
  2 
 
  2  t  3 / 2  (linearity)

 


  t 

 4    
  2 

   
 e  j 2  f  2  t e  j 32  f /2 (time shift)

 

 8 sin c 2 f e  j 2  f  2 sin c  f e  j 3  f (table)

h t 
1

 0 
(b)
t  t 
h t         
 2    
  t   t 
H  f          
  2    
 
  t    t 
          (linearity)
  2   
     
 2 sin c 2 f     sin c 2  f   (table)

4
 v t 
2

1
t
2 1 0 1 2
(c)
Method 1:
t  t 
v t         
 4   2 
  t   t 
V  f          
  4   2 

  t    t 
         
  4    2 
 
 4 sin c 4 f   2 sin c 2 f 

x t 
A
t0
t0
A

(d)
dx t 
x 1 t  
dt
A A
t0
t0 t

A / t0

dx t  A  t 
x 1 t        A t  t0   A t  t0 
dt t0  2t0 
A  t  

X1  f         A t  t0   A t  t0 
 t0  2t0  
 


A   t   


t0

     A  t  t0   A  t  t0 
  2t0 
  
 
A   t 

t0   2t 
 
     A  t  e 0  A  t  e
j 2  ft  j 2  ft0
 
  0 
 2A sin c 2 ft0   Ae 0  Ae
j 2  ft  j 2  ft0

 2A  sin c 2 ft0   cos 2 ft0 

 

5
Time Differentiation:
X1  f    j 2 f  X  f 
Therefore,
1
X f   X1  f 
j 2 f
2A  sin c 2 ft   cos 2 ft 

j 2 f  0 0 

z t 
1
T
T
1

(e)
t  T / 2  t T / 2 
z t        
 T

 T  
 t  T / 2  t  T / 2 
Z  f         
 T


  T  
 t  T / 2   t  T / 2 
         
  T    T 
 
  t    t 
    e j 2  fT /2     e  j 2  fT /2
 T   T 
   
 T sin c  fT e j  fT
 T sin c  fT e  j  fT
 2 jT sin c  fT  sin  fT 

6
 y t 
1
8 10
t
10 8
1

(f)
t  9  t  9 
y t         
 2   2 
 t  9  t  9 
Y  f         
 2 

  2  
 
 t  9 
  t  9 

         
  2  
  2 
   
  t  j 92  f    t   j 92  f 
    e     e
  2    2 
   
 2 sin c 2 f e j 18  f
 2 sin c 2 f e  j 18  f
 4 j sin c 2 f  sin 18 f 

Q.3 Using Fourier transform tables, find the following:

   
(a)  1  2    (Hint: Use time differentiation)

  20 
 

w0  w 
sin c w 0t     (from tables)
  2w 0 
     
d2  w 0 sin c w t    jw 2   w   w 2   w  (time differentiation)
   
 2w 0   2w 0 
0
 
dt 2 
d 2  w 0   w 
 2  sin c w 0t   w 2    (linearity)
dt    
 2 w 0 

    2 w 
 1  2      d  0 sin c w t 
Therefore, 
  20  dt 2 

0 

 

7
   2 
(b)  1   (Hint: Use time differentiation)

1   2 

t 2
e  (from tables)
1  w2
2  jw 
2
d 2 t 2w 2
e   (time differentiation)
dt 2 1  w2 1  w2
2 2
1 d t w
 2
e  (linearity)
2 dt 1  w2
Therefore,

 w2   1 d 2 t
z t    1 
 
2
  e

 1  w 
 2 dt 2
 
d t d2 t
e
t e e
dt dt 2

1 1 1
e t
e t e t
e t
e t

e t
1
2

 d t

 e , t 0
d t
e dt
dt 
 d t
 e, t 0

dt


e t , t 0
t

e, t 0


  sgn t e
t

d 2 t
e  2 t   e
t
2
dt
 w2 
  1 d 2 t
z t    1 
 
   e

1  w 
2
 2 dt 2
 
1 1 t
  2 t   e    t   e
t

2  2

8
(c)  1  sgn   (Hint: Use time differentiation)
 
1
 j sgn w  (from tables)
t
d 1 1
 2  jw j sgn w   w sgn w  (time differentiation)
dt t t  
Therefore,
1
 1 w sgn w   2
  t

(d) The inverse Fourier transform of

H  

2

W W
(Hint: See part (a))

 w 
H w   w 2   
 2W 
Similar to the solution of part (a), h t  can be found as

(e) The inverse Fourier transform of

M(f)

cos(f)

f 
M  f   cos  f    
  

9
  
cos  2t

1 f 
cos  f     (from tables)
1  2t 
2
2   
2 cos  2t   
f 
cos  f     (linearity)
1  2t 
2   

Therefore,

m t  
 
2 cos  2t

1  2t 
2

(f) The inverse Fourier transform of

H  

3 2 0 2 3


H   H   H  

3 3

= - 2
1

  
3 2 0 2 3 3 2 0 2 3 3 2 0 2 3

   
H    3    2  
 3   2 
   
      
h t   3 1    2  1  
  
 
   

 
 3 

 
 
 2 


   
 9 sin c 3t   4 sin c 2t 
2 2

10
Q.4 Let the signal x t   e 2tu t  be applied to the input of a system whose
transfer function is given by
1
H   
4  j
Let the output be y t  .
(a) Find the impulse response of the system.
 1 
h t    1    e 4tu t 
 4  j 
 
(b) Find Y  
1
  
X     x t    e 2tu t  
2  j

 1  1  1
Y    X   H      
 2  j    4  j   2  j  4  j  
  
(c) Find y t  .
By partial fractions, we have
1 1  1 1 
Y     
2  j  4  j   6  2  j  4  j  
Thus,
1  1 
 1 



 1 
1 

 1 2t

y t           e u t   e u t 
4t

6  

 2  j  

 

 4  j  

 6

Q.5  
Signals g 1 t   104  104 t and g 2 t    t  are applied at the inputs of

the ideal low-pass filters H 1      / 40000  and

H 2      / 20000  . The outputs y1 t  and y 2 t  of these filters are
multiplied to obtain the signal y t   y1 t  y 2 t  .

y1 t 
g1 t  H 1  

y t   y1 t  y2 t 

g2 t  H 2  
y2 t 

11
(a) Sketch G1   and G2  

g1 t   104  104 t  
G1    104  104 Sa 104  / 2  
 t  
 104   4   Sa  / 20000
10 
g2 t    t   G2    1

G1   G 2  

1 1

 
0 0
40000

20000

40000
20000

(b) Sketch H 1   and H 2   .

H 1   H 2  

1 1

20000
 10000 0

0 20000 10000

(c) Sketch Y1   and Y2  

Y1    G1   H 1  
Y2    G2   H 2  

G 2  
H 1   1 1

H 2  
G1  
 
0 10000 0 10000
20000
40000

20000

40000

Y1   Y2  
1 1

 
0 10000 0 10000
20000
20000

12
(d) Find the bandwidth of y1 t  , y 2 t  and y t  .
From the previous figure, the bandwidth of y1 t  is 20000 rad/sec or 10 kHz
and the bandwidth of y2 t  is 10000 rad/sec or 5 kHz.
To find the bandwidth of y t  , we note that y t   y1 t  y2 t  and
1
Y    Y    Y2   . Thus, the bandwidth of y t  is the (positive-
2 1
frequency-side) width of Y1    Y2   . The lower limit of Y1    Y2   is
the sum of the lower limits of Y1   and Y2   , and the upper limit of
Y1    Y2   is the sum of the upper limits of Y1   and Y2   , as shown
below:
The shape is not important.
Only the limits are of
importance here.

Y1   Y2  
1
Y    Y    Y2  
1 1 2 1

  
0 0

30000
20000

10000

30000
20000

10000

Therefore, the bandwidth of y t  is 30000 rad/sec or 15 kHz.

13