Hassium

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Hassium,  Hs 108

Hassium

Pronunciation /ˈhæsiəm/ ( listen)[1] (HASS-ee-əm)

Mass number [269] (data not decisive)[a]

Hassium in the periodic table

Hy
dro
ge
n
Lit Be
hiu ryll
m iu
m
So Ma
diu gn
m esi
um
Po Cal Sca
tas ciu ndi
siu m um
m

Ru Str Ytt
bid ont riu
iu iu m
m m

Ca Ba La C PrasNe Pro Sa Eu Ga Te Dy Ho Er ThuYt Lut

esi riu nth eri eod od me ma rop dol rbi spr lmi bi liu ter eti
um m an u ymi ym thi riu iu ini umosi um u m bi um
um m um iu um m m um um m u
m m

FraRa Ac T Prot Ur Ne Pl A Cu Be Cal Ein Fe Me NoLa

nci diu tiniho acti ani ptu ut me riu rkeiforstei rmnde belwr
um m um ri niu um niu on rici m liu niu niu iu levi iu enc
u m m iu um m m m m um m iu
m m m
bohrium ← hassium

Atomic number (Z) 108

Group group 8

Period period 7

Block   d-block

Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2[4]

Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2

Physical properties

Phase at STP solid (predicted)[5]

Density (near r.t.) 41 g/cm3 (predicted)[6]

Atomic properties

Oxidation states (+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8[6][7]

[8]
 (brackets: prediction)

 1st: 730 kJ/mol
Ionization energies
 2nd: 1760 kJ/mol

 3rd: 2830 kJ/mol

 (more) (predicted)[9]

Atomic radius empirical: 126 pm (estimated)[6]

Covalent radius 134 pm (estimated)[10]

Other properties

Natural occurrence synthetic

Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed (hcp)

(predicted)[5]
 CAS Number 54037-57-9

History

Naming after Hassia, Latin for Hesse, Germany,

where it was discovered[11]

Discovery Gesellschaft für

Schwerionenforschung (1984)

Main isotopes of hassium

Iso- Abun- Half-life  Decay Pro-

tope dance (t1/2) mode duct
269
Hs syn 16 s α 265
Sg
270
Hs syn 9 s α 266
Sg
277m
Hs syn 110 s SF

 Category: Hassium

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Hassium is a chemical element with the symbol Hs and the atomic number 108.

Hassium is highly radioactive; its most stable known isotopes have half-lives of
approximately ten seconds.[a] One of its isotopes, 270Hs, has magic numbers of
both protons and neutrons for deformed nuclei, which gives it greater stability
against spontaneous fission. Hassium is a superheavy element; it has been produced in
a laboratory only in very small quantities by fusing heavy nuclei with lighter ones.
Natural occurrences of the element have been hypothesised but never found.
In the periodic table of elements, hassium is a transactinide element, a member of
the 7th period and group 8; it is thus the sixth member of the 6d series of transition
metals. Chemistry experiments have confirmed that hassium behaves as the
heavier homologue to osmium, reacting readily with oxygen to form a volatile tetroxide.
The chemical properties of hassium have been only partly characterized, but they
compare well with the chemistry of the other group 8 elements.
The principal innovation that led to the discovery of hassium was the technique of cold
fusion, in which the fused nuclei did not differ by mass as much as in earlier techniques.
It relied on greater stability of target nuclei, which in turn decreased excitation energy.
This decreased the number of neutron ejections during synthesis, creating heavier,
more stable resulting nuclei. The technique was first tested at the Joint Institute for
Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, in
1974. JINR used this technique to attempt synthesis of element 108 in 1978, in 1983,
and in 1984; the latter experiment resulted in a claim that element 108 had been
produced. Later in 1984, a synthesis claim followed from the Gesellschaft für
Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Hesse, West Germany. The 1993 report by
the Transfermium Working Group, formed by the International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, concluded
that the report from Darmstadt was conclusive on its own whereas that from Dubna was
not, and major credit was assigned to the German scientists. GSI formally announced
they wished to name the element hassium after the German state of Hesse (Hassia in
Latin) home to the facility in 1992; this name was accepted as final in 1997.