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Networks (M 418)

Lecture-3(Communicating over the

Network)

Dr. Rashad A. A. Ragb

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Network Structure

Elements of communication
• Message source
• The channel
• Message destination
– Networks carrying different types of messages:
– Data, voice, video, images

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Network Structure

How messages are transmitted
– Messages are sent across a network in small “chunks” called
segments, packets, frames, cells…
cells…

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Network Structure
Components of a network
• Hardware
• Software

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Network Structure

End Devices
– Interface with humans or other devices
– Role of end devices:
• Client
• Server
• Printers, routers…
• Any terminating
networking
device

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Network Structure
Intermediary devices in contrasted to the role of end
devices
• Provides connectivity and ensures data flows
through the and across network

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Network Structure

What is network media?

The path or channel over which a message travels

What are the criteria for making media choice?

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Network Types
Local Area Network (LAN
(LAN))
– A network serving a home, building or campus may be
considered a Local Area Network (LAN)

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Network Types
Wide Area Networks (WANs
(WANs))
– Specialize networks connecting LANs, MANs, PANs…

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Network Types

What is the Internet
– A global mesh of interconnected networks (WANs, MANs,
LANs, PANs…

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Network Types

Symbols used to represent network devices and media

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Function of Protocol in Network Communication

Protocol
– A set of rules

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Function of Protocol in Network Communication

Network protocols are used to govern communicate between
devices

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Function of Protocol in Network Communication

Industry standards
– A process or protocols that has been endorsed by the
networking industry and ratified by a standards organization

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Function of Protocol in Network Communication

Technology independent Protocols
– Diverse types of devices can interact using standard sets of
protocols
– Network protocols specify network functionality, not the
underlying device technology

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Layers within the OSI and TCP/IP Reference

Models

The benefits of a layered model
• Aids in protocol design
• Provides for corporate competition
• Changes in one layer do not affect other layers
• Provides for standard interfaces between devices

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model

The Communication Process

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model

Protocol Data Units (PDU) and encapsulation

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model

Process of sending and receiving messages

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model

– A protocol model provides a model that closely matches
the structure of a particular protocol suite
– A reference model provides a common reference for
maintaining consistency within all types of network
protocols and services

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model

OSI Reference Model

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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model

OSI and TCP/IP model

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Addressing and Naming Schemes

How labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage
communication in data networks

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Addressing and Naming Schemes

Ethernet MAC Addresses, IP Addresses, and TCP/UDP
Port numbers

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Addressing and Naming Schemes

How labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage
communication

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Addressing and Naming Schemes

How information in the encapsulated header is used to
identify the source and destination processes for
communication

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Summary

Describe the structure of a network

Explain the function of protocols.

Explain the advantages of using a layered model .

Describe the role of each layer In the:
TCP/IP model
OSI model.

Describe the importance of addressing and naming
schemes.

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